2022年高考英语语法提升----过去完成时（讲解+习题）学案

这是一份2022年高考英语语法提升----过去完成时（讲解+习题）学案，共5页。
谓语动词构成：I/we/yu/they had wrked; he/she/it had wrked
(1) 表示过去某一时刻之前已经完成的动作，常与由by，befre引导的时间状语连用
We had learned 5000 wrds by the end f last mnth.
到上个月底为止我已经学了五千个单词.
I had finished the cmpsitin befre supper. 晚饭前我就已经把作文写完了.
(2) 表示过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作，常与由when，befre等连词引导的时间状语从句连用
When I wke up it had already stpped raining. 我醒来的时候雨就已经停了.
I hadn't learned any English befre I came here. 我来这儿之前没学过英语.
(3) 用于宾语从句或间接引语中
I wndered wh had taken the umbrella withut permissin.
我想知道谁不经允许就把雨伞拿去.
He tld me that he had passed the exam. 他告诉我他已通过考试.
(4) 某些动词的过去完成时表示一个打算要做却没有做成的事.
I had intended t cme ver t see yu last night, but smene called and I culdn't get away. 昨晚我本打算来看你，但有人来找，脱不开身.
We had hped t catch the early bus, but fund it was gne.
我们本来希望乘早班车，却发现车已开了.
(5) 用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句中
If yu had cme yesterday, yu wuld have met him.
如果你昨天来的话，你就已经见到他的面了.
She wuld have cme if she hadn’t been s busy.
要不是这么忙的话，她就已经来了.
现在完成时和过去完成时的区别与用法：
现在完成时着眼于现在，强调过去发生的某动作对现在造成的影响和结果，或是由过去持续到现在的动作。
I have cleaned the classrm .（强调扫地所产生的结果：地干净了！）
We have lived here fr ten years.（“住”从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时）
We have lived here since we came here.（“住”是从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时）
过去完成时则主要体现过去发生的两动作的先后有别，表达的是“过去的过去”，即比过去发生的某动作都还要“过去”，两动作中先发生的就用过去完成时，后发生的则只用一般过去时。运用过去完成时的句子往往有两过去的时间或动作，一定要注意这点哟！
Mr Green had lived in New Yrk fr ten years befre he came t China.("来”中国已过去，而先前“住”在纽约更过去！）（另外注意：“住”在纽约可没有持续到现在哟！）
We had learned 1000 wrds by the end f last term.
（“上期期末”已过去，而是在其前“学”的就更过去了！）
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对“现在”产生的影响。如：
He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年参观过桂林。(只说明去桂林的时间)
2. 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。如：
Jill has bught a new cmputer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。（着重点是现在有了一台新电脑）
3. 两种时态的区分
（1）一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“助动词have /has +过去分词”。如：
（2）一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last week, tw years ag, just nw, in 2002等；而现在完成时则常与just, already, ever, never等副词和these days, this week, since..., fr...等表示一段时间的状语连用。
看看以下的几组句子，有什么区别？
① Have yu seen the film?（A）
Did yu see the film?（B）
[说明] 你看过这部电影吗？（A）句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；（B）句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。
② Hw has he dne it?(A)
Hw did he d it?(B)
[说明]他是怎么做的这件事？(A)句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响；(B)句单纯的
询问做这件事的方式。
③ He has lived in Beijing fr 8 years.（A）
He lived in Beijing fr 8 years.（B）
[说明]他在北京住了8年。（A）句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。(B)句讲的是他在北京住过8年，现在不在北京了。
【习题训练】
一、单选
1 When Li Ming hurried hme, he fund that his mther ____already____t hspital.
A has; been sent B had; sent C has; sent D had; been sent
2 We ____five English sngs by the end f last term.
A had learned B learned C have learned D will have learned
3 Han Mei tld me she _____lunch, s she was very hungry.
A has had B hasn't have C have had D hadn't had
4 By the end f 1976, many buildings _____built in the city.
A have been B have C had been D will
5 She _____her keys in the ffice s she had t wait until her husband ____hme.
A has left; cmes B had left; wuld cme
C had left; came D left; had cme
6 He said that it was at least ten years since I _____a gd drink.
A had enjyed B was enjying
C have enjyed D have been enjying
7 The meeting _____when Mr. Wang _____t schl.
A has begun; get B has been n; get
C had begun; gt D had been n; gt
二、填空
1 When I returned hme, he _____ (leave).
2 By ten yesterday evening, she ________(finish)writing.
3 He ______ (study) English fr five years befre he came here.
4 It ____ _____ (stp) raining when I wake up this mrning.
5 I _____ (nt read) the bk because I had read it befre.
6 She said she____ (be) brn in 1992.
7 When he _____(cme) t China tw years ag he fund peple didn't understand him at all thugh he ________(learn) sme Chinese in his wn cuntry.
8 I saw Han Mei yesterday. We _____(nt see) each ther since left Beijing.
9 When I gt t his hme, he_____(g) t bed.
10 She asked if Mr. Liu _____ already _____(cme) back.
单选答案：１D 2 A 3 D 4 C 5 C 6 A 7 C
填空答案：1 had left 2 had finished 3 had studied 4 had stpped 5 didn't read 6 was 7 came had learned 8 hadn't seen 9 had gne 10 had cme