U2上 教案 核心知识点梳理（学生版） 高中英语新牛津译林版必修第三册 （2022年）

这是一份U2上 教案 核心知识点梳理（学生版） 高中英语新牛津译林版必修第三册 （2022年），共10页。教案主要包含了进门测试，多元导学，互动精讲，知识梳理1，跟踪典例，句式分析，巩固练习，知识梳理2等内容，欢迎下载使用。
授课时间：
学习目标
1. 掌握模块三第二单元Reading部分的核心词汇；
2.掌握第二单元的语法不定式的用法。
教学内容
【进门测试】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
S far, cnstructin wrk fr the high-speed railway line linking Beijing and Zhangjiaku 1. ______ （cmplete）.It is reprted that the railway line can reach a tp speed f up t 217mph（350km/h），which will be put int 2.______（perate）by the end f the year.
The new line, 3. ______ （build）in preparatin fr the 4. ______ （twenty-fur）Winter Olympic Games in Beijing, has just entered service, reducing jurney time between the capital and Zhangjiaku, which will stage mst f the skiing events, frm three hurs t 47 minutes.
Zhangjiaku, 5.______ the nrth f Hebei prvince, will hst snwbarding, freestyle skiing and ski jumping at the Games. Anther majr Olympic hst n the new line is Yanqing,
6. ______ skiing and luge（单雪橇）events will take place. Skating, ice-hckey and freestyle skiing will be held in the capital.
The trains will start and stp at statins autmatically（自动地）t a precise timetable, and change speed 7. ______ （depend）n limits between statins. Hwever, a mnitring driver will still be n bard in case f emergencies.
Large strage 8. ______ （ area）have been designed in the trains fr athletes' winter sprts equipment. The carriages are equipped with 5G signals, intelligent lighting and 9.______ variety f real-time safety sensrs（传感器）.This will 10. ______ （ great）satisfy passengers' need.
【多元导学】
What ther types f natural disasters d yu knw abut?


【互动精讲】
【知识梳理1】
1. injury injure vt. 伤害，损害 injured adj. 受伤的；受损害的
原文：Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, 却仅有5名学生受轻伤(教材P16)
◆ vt. 伤害，使受伤；损害
(1) serius injury/injuries 重伤
minr injuries 轻伤
sustain injuries/an injury 受伤
escape injury 险受伤害
d sb/ neself an injury/ d an injury t neself/sb 使… 受伤
(2) get injured 受伤
①She was awarded $3,500 fr injury t her feelings.
她获得了3500美元的精神损伤费。
②She was lucky t escape serius injury.
她很幸运，没有受到严重的伤害。
③In the traffic accident, tw were killed and three get injured.
在交通事故中，两人遇难，三人受伤。
【跟踪典例】 完成句子
①She was awarded $3,500 fr ____________________.
她获得了3500美元的精神损伤费。
②This culd __________________ the cmpany's reputatin.
这会严重损害公司的声誉。
③Running t much t sn is ne f the easiest ways t _______________.
跑的过多过快是最容易受伤的一种方式。
2. reactin react vi. 反应，作出反应；产生（化学）反应
原文：Her students’ reactin was quick and crrect—they mved under their desks, head first, and held n t the legs f the desks. 她的学生们反应迅速而正确—他们头朝里，钻到桌子下面，并紧紧抓住桌腿。(教材P16)
◆n. 反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应
(1) in reactin t 对…的反应
reactin against 拒绝；对…的反抗
(2) react t 对…起反应；对(食物)有不良反应
react against 反抗，对抗某人/ 某事
①There has been a mixed reactin t her appintment as directr.
对她获任命为主管一事，人们的反应褒贬不一。
②All new fashin starts ut as a reactin against existing cnventin.
所有新时尚都是从反抗现存习俗开始的。
③Lcal residents have reacted angrily t the news.
当地居民对这一消息表示愤怒
【跟踪典例】完成句子
①__________________ the phenmenn, sme peple called fr raising the air pllutin tax.
为了应对这一现象，有人要求增加空气污染税。
②Still we are cnstantly __________________ ur ignrance.
然而，我们也在不停地抗拒着我们的无知。
= 3 \* GB3 ③Peple can __________________ certain fd additives.
人们对某些食品添加剂会严重过敏
3. cnfirm cnfirmatin n. 确认；证实；证明；批准 cnfirmed adj. 确认的 cnfirmable 可证实的；可确定的
原文： After a rll call cnfirmed that all were safe and sund, they relaxed, laughing, crying and hugging each ther. 点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，大家才松了一口气，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。(教材P16)
◆vt. 证实，确认；使确信；批准
cnfrm sth 确认，证实…
cnfrm that/ wh-clause 确认，证实
cnfrm sb in sth 使某人确信某事
It has been cnfirmed that… 已确定
①Rumurs f jb lsses were later cnfirmed.
裁员的传言后来得到了证实。
②Has everyne cnfirmed (that) they're cming?
他们是不是每个人都肯定过一定会来？
③It has cnfirmed me in my decisin nt t becme a nun.
这已让我坚信我不当修女的决定是正确的。
【跟踪典例】
①I'm still waiting fr _________________ f the test results.
我仍在等待考试结果的通知书。
②The walk in the muntains _____________________.
在山里步行使他更加确信自己有恐高症。
③______________________ the meeting will take place next week.
已经确定会议将于下个星期召开。
4. ccur ccurred ccurrent adj.正在发生的；偶然发生的 ccurrence n. 发生；出现；事件；发现
原文：It immediately ccurred t her that these were signs f an appraching tsunami. 她立刻意识到这是海啸来临的前兆。(教材P17)
◆vi. 发生，出现；存在于
sth ccur(s) t sb 某人突然想起某事
sth escape(s) sb 某人忘记某事
It ccurs t/ strikes/ hits sb that 某人突然想起某事
It ccurs t sb t d sth 某人想到要做某事
①When exactly did the incident ccur?
这一事件究竟是什么时候发生的？
②The idea ccurred t him in a dream.
这个主意是他在梦中想到的。
【跟踪典例】 完成句子
①______________________ Lndn seems t affrd him a freedm he desn't have in New Yrk r Ls Angeles.
这提醒了我，在伦敦他有着比在纽约或者洛杉矶更多的自由。
②______________________ t ask fr help.
她没想到请别人帮忙。
③A gd idea ___________________ when I wke up this mrning.
今天早上醒来时我突然有一个好点子。
5. relief relieve vt.解除，减轻；使放心
原文：T her great relief, the fficer immediately realized the cming danger. 使她大为宽慰的是，安全员立即意识到危险即将来临。(教材P17)
◆n. 宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济
(1)in relief 如释重负，松了口气
t ne’s relief 令人感到欣慰的是
with relief 宽慰的
It’s a relief t d sth 做某事是令人欣慰的
What a relief！ 可轻松了
(2)relieve sb f 解除某人某方面的负担
relieve anxiety/guilt/stress 消除焦虑/内疚/缓解压力
①We all breathed a sigh f relief when he left.
他走了以后，我们大家都如释重负地松了口气。
②It was a relief t be able t talk t smene abut it.
能和别人谈谈这件事，感到舒心多了
③The new secretary will relieve us f sme f the paperwrk.
新来的秘书会减轻我们文案工作的一些负担。
【跟踪典例】
①___________________, the car was nt damaged.
令我非常庆幸的是车并没有损坏。
②Hearing that we all pass the exam, the whle class sighed _______________.
听到我们所有人都及格的消息之后，全班都舒了一口气。
③Nthing culd ___________ my terrible sense f blame.
没什么能把我从极度自责中解脱出来。
6. infrm infrmatin n. 信息 infrmed adj. 见多识广的；消息灵通的
原文：Remember t infrm yurself f what is ging n. 记住要提醒自己发生了什么。(教材P19)
◆vt. 了解，熟悉；通知
infrm sb f/ abut sth 通知某人某事
infrm sb that… 通知；告知
keep sb infrmed f sth 随时告知某人某事
infrm against 检举；告发
【跟踪典例】
①Please __________________ any changes f address.
地址若有变动请随时通知我们。
②We regret t __________________ yur applicatin has nt been successful.
我们很遗憾地通知您，您的申请未通过。
③Please ____________________ fresh develpments.
请随时告诉我最新的进展情况。
7. be ding… when
原文：Alice Brwn, head teacher at Falmnt Primary Schl, was teaching when the flr began t shake. 弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯 · 布朗当时正在授课，突然地面开始晃动。(教材P16)
【句式分析】
本句中 “be ding… when ”，意为“正在做某事，突然…”。
be abut t d sth… when/ be n the pint f ding … when意为“正要做某事。突然…”
had just dne sth… when 意为“刚刚做了某事，突然…”
①An agreement was abut t be reached when the ther side raised new issues.
快要达成协议的时候，对方又节外生枝。
②He was reading his nvel when she came in.
她进来的时候他正在读小说。
③I had just finished my hmewrk when my father came in.
我刚做完家庭作业，父亲来了。
【跟踪典例】完成句子
①I ____________________ when the bell rang.
铃响时我正在吃饭。
②He was ______________________ smething when the phne rang.
他正要说些什么的时候，电话响了。
③I ____________________ all the invitatins and bkings when her bss gave her the new prject.
我刚发完所有的请柬，什么都预定好了，这时候她老板给了她一个新项目。
【巩固练习】
= 1 \* ROMAN I. 单词拼写
1. Medical units were perating in the d__________ area.
2. Peple's r__________ t the film has varied greatly.
3. Several vehicles were damaged in the c__________.
4. A brief dip int histry serves t c__________ this view.
5. The peratin itself is a brief, painless __________ (过程).
6. News f their safety came as a great __________ (轻松).
7. A pwerful __________ (台风) nearly frced the plane t make an emergency landing.
8. Under such cnditins, the __________ (破坏性的) effects f bacteria are diminished.
Ⅱ. 单句语法
1. Students ____________ large felt that the discipline was t strict.
2. It's a beautiful, clean and ____________(rder) city.
3. It did nt ccur ____________ me t check my insurance plicy.
4. ____________ my relief, he realized the imprtance f study.
5. The wide ____________ (destructive) f acid rain, hwever, has cme t be realized nly in recent decades.
6. Please keep me fully ____________ (infrm) f any develpments.
7. We were having dinner ____________ the dr was kncked.
8. Hw did they ____________ (reactin) when they learned the news?
【知识梳理2】
动词不定式
动词不定式的定义：动词不定式（t d），为非谓语动词。在英语语法中，动词不定式是指动词中的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的一种形式。它之所以被称做不定式，是因为动词不被限定，或者说不被词性变化所局限。不定式属于非谓语动词形式。
一. 动词不定式作定语
1．动词不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的词的后面。
①Is this the best way t slve the prblem?
这是帮助解决问题的最好方法吗？
= 2 \* GB3 ②Can yu find a prper persn t finish this jb in time？
你能找到合适的人及时完成这项工作吗?
【跟踪典例】 用所给动词的适当形式填空
= 1 \* GB3 ① D yu have anything ___________ (d)tnight？
2.不定式作定语，与其被修饰的词在逻辑上有主谓关系或动宾关系。
①He's always the first ne t finish the hmewrk.(主谓关系)
他总是第一个完成家庭作业。
②Please give me smething t drink.(动宾关系)
请给我点喝的。
注意：动词不定式作定语，且与被修饰的词有逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式动词应该是及物动词；如果不定式动词为不及物动词，则该动词必须与介词连用，使其成为及物的动词短语。
①He wanted t find a new apartment t live in.
他想找一所新公寓住。
【跟踪典例】用所给动词的适当形式填空
①D yu have anything _____________ (take) t yur sister?
②Wuld yu please give me sme paper _____________ (take)?
3．当名词或代词被序数词、形容词最高级the first，the last等修饰，且不定式与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时，常用动词不定式作定语。
①He is the first t pse an alternative cncept f the wrld.
他是第一个提出另一种新的世界概念的人。
②Perhaps the best way t read this bk is t read it alud t yurself r with yur friends.
也许读这本书最好的方法就是大声地读给自己听或者和朋友一起读。
【跟踪典例】用所给动词的适当形式填空
①He was the last persn t ____________ (ask) t speak.
②He is the best man ____________ (d) the jb.
4．当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时，常用不定式作后置定语，且不定式常用主动形式。常见的此类名词有ability, chance, idea, attempt, plan, way, pprtunity等。
①We nw have the ability t gather huge amunts f data.
我们现在有能力收集大量的数据。
②He was the man behind the plan t build a new hspital.
他就是策划建立新医院的人。
【跟踪典例】用所给动词的适当形式填空
①She made a clumsy attempt ____________ (aplgize).
②Nw he has a chance ____________ (put) his life back in rder.
二．动词不定式作结果状语
动词不定式作结果状语通常用于以下句式中：s/ ; ; ; nly t(常表示意外结果或事与愿违的结果)。
①I'm nt such a fl as t believe that.
我不至于蠢到相信那种事。
= 2 \* GB3 ②The fd wasn't enugh t satisfy his hunger.
这食物不足以让他解饿。
= 3 \* GB3 ③He hurried t the statin t find the train had gne.
他匆忙赶往车站，结果发现火车开走了。
注意：结构并不一定是“太……而不能”之意。与搭配的形容词常见的有：pleased, ready, willing, glad, happy等。
She was t tired t take a shwer.
她累得不想淋浴了。
【跟踪典例】用所给动词的适当形式填空
①He was nt brave enugh ____________ (reprt) the lss f the dcuments.
②The manager gt t the cmpany in a hurry, ____________ (find) that he had left his laptp back at hme.
= 3 \* GB3 ③He's ld enugh t ____________ (make) a trip alne.
【巩固练习】
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Vlunteering gives yu a chance ________ (change) lives, including yur wn.
2. US singer Bb Dylan was awarded the 2016 Nbel Prize in Literature, becming the first sngwriter ________ (win) the hnur.
3. I have a lt f readings ________ (cmplete) befre the end f this term.
4. There is a nte pinned t the dr ________ (say) when the shp will pen again.
5. She will tell us why she feels s strngly that each f us has a rle ________ (play) in making the earth a better place t live.
6. Whatever difficulties I meet, I have cnfidence __________ (cnquer) them.
7. Friedman pints ut that the green ecnmy is a chance ________ (keep) American strength.
8. His failure ________ (react) quickly enugh caused the crash.
9. Bruce is adred by his teachers, fr he is always the first ______(hand) in his hmewrk.
10. T mst f the peple, it seems that the nly freign language ________ (learn) is English.
11. He hurried t the library nly ________ (find) it was clsed.
12. It is a famus saying that ne is never t ld ________ (learn).
13. Yu are lucky enugh ______________ (get) the jb.
14. One is never t yung nr t ld __________ (change) his self-image and thereby start t live a new life.
15. The vcabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are s trivial and few as hardly __________ (ntice).
【课堂检测】
七选五
Spanish Wedding Weddings are big and imprtant things in Spain. Yu're likely t find the whle family and the whle village turn ut t celebrate. （1） ______ Sme f the custms are similar, such as thrwing rice,but thers are less familiar.
（ 2） ______ The main part f a traditinal wedding is the grm presenting the bride with 13 cins,which represent his prmise t supprt her. Hwever, times have changed and tday's brides and grms exchange the cins as a symbl f the wealth they will equally share.
Spanish weddings d nt include bridesmaids（伴娘） r grmsmen（伴郎）.（3） ______ There is n Best Man r Maid f Hnr. At the receptin, the head table is traditinally set fr 6 peple： the bride, the grm and their parents. （4） ______ Bridesmaids are a part f Spanish wedding.
During the wedding receptin, the bride and grm g frm table t table carrying a basket with small wedding presents. The men will be ffered a cigar r a mini-bttle f wine. And the wmen will be ffered a little present. This may be the time in which guests als "hand back" the preferred wedding gift： mney in envelpes.
（ 5） ______
A. Mst Spanish weddings are cnnected with cins.
B. But tday, with Hllywd's influence weddings change a bit.
C. The cuple stand tgether at the altar（圣坛）with n ne else.
D. Therefre, yu will find the traditinal weddings are crwded.
E. In Spain, the wedding ring is wrn n the ring finger f the right hand.
F. Invitatins are usually sent ut ne r tw weeks befre the wedding ceremny.
G. Sme cuples als send ut the number f a bank accunt alng with the invitatin.
【要点回顾】
【温故知新】
= 1 \* ROMAN I. 阅读理解
We recgnize ur friends' faces. And we're nt alne. Many scial animals can identify individuals f their wn species by features £ their faces. That's imprtant, because they need t be able t change their behavir depending n wh they meet. And a recent research has shwn that sme species f mnkeys, birds, and dmesticated（家养的）animals can even tell different faces apart by lking at phtgraphs alne.
Ethlgist Lea Lansade f the French Natinal Research Institute fr Agriculture, Fd and Envirnment did an experiment t find ut hw well hrses can recgnize individual peple in phtgraphs.
She and her team first taught the hrses hw t "chse" between tw side-by-side pictures by tuching their nses t a cmputer screen. The hrses were then shwn phts f their present keeper alngside faces f unfamiliar humans. They had never seen phts f any f the peple befre. The hrses crrectly identified their current keeper and ignred（忽视）the stranger's face abut 75% f the time. In fact, even thugh the hrses didn't get it right every single time, they were at least as crrect in picking ut their earlier keeper as they were at identifying their present ne.
The results suggest that nt nly can hrses differentiate between familiar and unfamiliar human faces, they als naturally understand that phtgraphs are tw- dimensinal representatins（二维呈现）f real life, withut any ther intimatins such as smell r sund. And they're even better at this than ur ldest animal parter, the dmestic dg.
In additin, hrses seem t have a strng lng-term memry fr human faces, like their lng lifespan and histry f dmesticatin. In future experiments, the researchers wuld like t test whether lking at phts f peple that they have had bad experiences with in the past might cause hrses t act anxius r even avidance. S maybe think twice befre ding anything that might give a hrse a lng face.
1. Why did researchers shw the hrses bth the keeper's phts and the strangers'?
A. T find ut what hrses wuld d in the experiment.
B. T see why hrses culd recgnize the keeper in the pictures.
C. T test whether hrses culd recgnize the strangers in pictures.
D. T study t what degree hrses can make ut different peple in pictures.
2. What des the underlined wrd "intimatins" in paragraph 4 refer t?
A. cluesB. differencesC. phtgraphsD. senses
3. What are researchers still uncertain abut?
A. Whether hrses can live lnger than ther animals.
B. Whether hrses can remember human's faces fr a lng time.
C. Whether hrses can shw their emtins at the sight f phts.
D. Whether hrses are better at recgnizing phts than ther animals.
4. What is the purpse f the text?
A. T talk abut animals' species.
B. T explain animals' facial features.
C. T shw animals' behaviur fr adaptatin.
D. T intrduce animals' ability t identifying faces.
B
Hallween is a great time in the lives f bth children and adults. Hwever, even the best Hallween can be ruined by trees filled with tilet paper and egg residues（残渣）that wn't wash f. Hw can yu keep yur hme safe n Hallween？ There are sme measures yu can take.
Make it knwn that yu're at hme. Pranksters are less likely t play a trick if they knw smene is at hme. Yu may want t clse the glass n yur screen dr and pen yur frnt dr s that yu can see everyne mving arund utside. This als allws pranksters t see that yu're at hme.
Turn n the lights inside yur hme and utside. Having all the lights n lets pranksters knw that yu're nt nly at hme, but yu're awake. If a prankster knws yu're awake, he'll be mre likely t skip （快速溜走）yur huse and head fr anther ne. Even if yu need t get in bed early, keep all the lights n except in yur bedrm. Pranksters aren't ging t knw which rm is yur bedrm.
Ask the plice t patrl the area. It's a pliceman's jb t keep citizens safe, especially n Hallween. In sme cities the crime rate can increase fast n Octber 31. A plite call t yur lcal plice statin shuld get yu the service yu need. Abve all, n pranksters are ging t thrw eggs at yur huse when the plicemen are patrlling the area.
Set up a neighbrhd watch. One f the best ways t keep yur hme safe n Hallween is t get the neighbrs invlved. N ne wants his trees cvered with tilet paper. Ask yur neighbrs t keep their eyes pen and t fllw the same steps yu've taken t help keep yur hme safe. If the entire neighbrhd is lit up, pranksters are less likely t stp by.
5. The underlined wrd "Pranksters" in Paragraph 2 prbably means thse wh______.
A. like Hallween very much
B. play practical jkes n peple
C. ften cmmit a crime at night
D. enter ne's huse by frce
6. Hw can yu make pranksters knw yu are at hme and skip yur huse?
A. By mving arund utside yur huse.
B. By clsing yur frnt dr.
C. By turning n inside and utside lights.
D. By keeping yur huse quiet and dark.
7. Accrding t the furth paragraph, we can learn________.
A. a pliceman's main task is t patrl the area
B. the crime rate increases fast in sme cities
C. yu have t pay fr a pliceman t patrl yur area
D. the plicemen can help a lt with yur hme safety n Hallween
8. The last paragraph stresses the imprtance f ___________.
A. neighbrhd teamwrk
B. keeping hmes safe
C. being n ne's guard
D. infrming every ne f the danger
Ⅱ. 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As the new academic year begins, freshmen are entering cllege campuses acrss the cuntry, many f them accmpanied by parents. Xidian University in Xi'an city has intrduced a plicy that has caught everyne's attentin.
It will give away "Freshman Independence Award" t thse 1. ______ cme t cllege alne, nt accmpanied by parents. Awardees will receive a certificate, a specially2. ______ （design） T-shirt, and a phtgraph f them entering the campus.
That's a very 3. ______ （create） idea and will encurage the yung t be bld enugh t travel hundreds r thusands f kilmeters n their wn 4. ______ （ reach） their new clleges. After all, being independent is 5. ______ essential part f grwing up.
Mst cllege freshmen are just 18 and have had little chance f travelling in the past years, as they 6. ______ （ ccupy）with their high schl wrk. Ging t cllege culd be their first chance t be n their wn. The plicy might 7. ______ （ actual） encurage them t be independent.
Hwever, that des nt mean thse cming accmpanied by parents shuld be laughed 8. ______ . Many families lk frward t the mment when 9. ______ （ they） children will g t cllege and wuld like t capture the mment. Many families thus travel frm ne city t anther with their cllege-ging members in 10. ______ （ celebrate）.
预习思考
预习第二单元后半部分的内容，为下节课的学习做好准备。