U3上教案核心知识点梳理（教师版）高中英语新牛津译林版必修第三册（2022年）

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这是一份U3上教案核心知识点梳理（教师版）高中英语新牛津译林版必修第三册（2022年），共26页。教案主要包含了进门测试，16题详解，17题详解，18题详解，19题详解，20题详解，多元导学，互动精讲等内容，欢迎下载使用。
课程主题：M3U3上核心知识点梳理
授课时间：
学习目标
1. 掌握模块三第三单元Reading部分的核心词汇、短语和句型；
2. 掌握动词ing作定语、状语和宾语补足语。
教学内容
【进门测试】
建议5min

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When things get wildly busy in the morning, some students like skipping breakfast to save time. ___16___Whether at home, on the way to school or at school eating something healthy for breakfast may help a student get better grades. According to research, the students who ate a healthy breakfast were twice as likely to achieve above average in education as those who didn't.
Are there really many children who do not eat breakfast? ___17___The study found that 39 percent of students reported eating break fast fewer than three days in a usual school week.
Health experts suggest that the best breakfast is a mix of complex carbohydrates, protein and fat. This gives your body the energy it needs to think clearly and to remember what it learns. According to research, not all breakfasts are created equal. ___18___ The best breakfast should include complex carbohydrates that slowly release energy to the body.
___19___They say eating between 350 and 500 calories in the morning is a good amount of energy to start the day.
A good breakfast is not just helpful to school-aged children ___20___A study from researchers at the University of Toronto in Canada found that a breakfast rich in protein and complex carbohydrates increased performance on short-term and long-term memory. Carbohydrates and protein are especially important because they have a major effect on long-term memory.
A. The answer is yes.
B. Students don't know about it.
C. But they think it may be harmful to their health.
D. But that may be a big mistake for students.
E. We all benefit from eating something healthy in the morning.
F. Some breakfasts are not able to give the brain what it needs to work at its highest level.
G. However, eating too much can also make a person feel tired and unable to think clearly.
【答案】16. D 17. A 18. F 19. G 20. E
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了吃健康早餐对人的积极影响以及对于如何吃健康的早餐提出一些建议。
【16题详解】
上文“When things get wildly busy in the morning, some students like skipping breakfast to save time. （当早上的事情变得非常繁忙时，一些学生喜欢不吃早餐来节省时间。）”说明学生认为不吃早餐是好的行为。和下文“Whether at home, on the way to school or at school eating something healthy for breakfast may help a student get better grades.（无论是在家里，在上学的路上还是在学校吃一些健康的早餐可以帮助学生获得更好的成绩。）”说明事实上不吃早餐是错误的行为。D选项But that may be a big mistake for students.（但对学生来说，这可能是一个很大的错误。）符合上下文。故选D项。
【17题详解】
上文“Are there really many children who do not eat breakfast?（真的有很多孩子不吃早餐吗?）”说明填空处是对此处的回答。和下文“The study found that 39 percent of students reported eating break fast fewer than three days in a usual school week.（研究发现，39%的学生报告说，在正常上学的一周中，吃早餐少于三天。）”说明有很多孩子不吃早餐。A选项The answer is yes.（答案是肯定的。）符合文意。故选A项。
【18题详解】
上文“Health experts suggest that the best breakfast is a mix of complex carbohydrates, protein and fat. This gives your body the energy it needs to think clearly and to remember what it learns. According to research, not all breakfasts are created equal. （健康专家建议，最好的早餐是混合碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪。这给你的身体提供了清晰思考和记住所学内容所需的能量。根据研究，并不是所有的早餐都是一样的。）”说明有些早餐不能提供身体所需的能量。F选项Some breakfasts are not able to give the brain what it needs to work at its highest level.（有些早餐不能给大脑提供它在最高水平工作所需要的东西。）符合文意。故选F项。
【19题详解】
下文“They say eating between 350 and 500 calories in the morning is a good amount of energy to start the day.（他们说，早上吃350到500卡路里的食物是开始一天的良好能量。）”说明早餐不能吃多。G选项However, eating too much can also make a person feel tired and unable to think clearly.（然而，吃得太多也会使人感到疲劳，无法清晰地思考。）符合下文。故选G项。
【20题详解】
下文“A study from researchers at the University of Toronto in Canada found that a breakfast rich in protein and complex carbohydrates increased performance on short-term and long-term memory.（加拿大多伦多大学研究人员的一项研究发现，富含蛋白质和复合碳水化合物的早餐能提高人的短期和长期记忆能力。）”说明早上吃健康的早餐对人有积极影响。E选项We all benefit from eating something healthy in the morning.（早上吃点健康的东西对我们都有好处。）符合文意。故选E项。

【多元导学】
建议10min

教学建议：通过上述各种表情符号，引出本单元的主题。

【互动精讲】
【知识梳理1】

1．access n．机会，权利；入径，通道vt.到达，进入，使用→accessible adj.易接近的，可进入的
2．major adj.主要的，较多的→ majority n．大部分，大多数；多数票
3．deliver vt.递送，传送；发表，宣布；交出→delivery n．递送
4．establish vt.建立(关系或联系)；设立；确立；使得到认可；查实，确定→establishment n．确定，制定；建立
5．instant adj.立即的，立刻的；方便的n.瞬间，片刻；某一时刻→instantly adv.立即地
6．aware adj.知道，意识到；察觉到，发觉；有……意识的→unaware adj.无意识的，未觉察的→awareness n．意识，明白，知道
7．entertain vt.娱乐，招待→ entertainment n．娱乐活动；招待，娱乐
8．addict n．对……入迷的人；瘾君子→addicted adj.入了迷的，上了瘾的
9．appreciate vt.欣赏，赏识；感谢→appreciation n．欣赏；感谢

1．access n．机会，权利；入径，通道 vt.到达，进入，使用
①The police gained access through a broken window.n.通道
②You need a password to get access to the computer system.n.机会，权利
③The software enables you to access the Internet in seconds.vt.使用
2．deliver vt.递送，传送；发表，宣布；交出
①We promise to deliver within 48 hours.递送
②She is due to deliver a lecture on genetic engineering.发表
③They delivered their prisoner over to the army.交出
3．appreciate vt.欣赏，赏识；感谢；理解；意识到
①His talents are not fully appreciated in that company.赏识
②I would appreciate it if you paid in cash.感谢，感激
③I don't think you appreciate how expensive it will be.理解，意识到

Words and Phrases
　take off 起飞；突然大受欢迎，迅速流行；事业腾达
(教材P29)　Soon emojis took off throughout the world.
很快表情符号就风靡全球了。
[例1]　We eventually took off at 11 o'clock and arrived in Juneau at 1：30.
我们终于在11点起飞，1：30到达朱诺。
[例2]　In 1944，he met Edith Piaf，and his career took off.
1944年，他遇到伊迪丝·琵雅芙，从此他的事业飞黄腾达。
[造句]　这份新杂志真是大受欢迎。
The new magazine has really taken off.
[知识拓展]
take in　　包含；包括；理解；领会；
吸收；欺骗；收留
take away 拿走；消除
take back 收回；退回
take on 雇用；呈现
take over 接收，接管
take up 拿起；占据；开始从事
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①In fact，surfing the Internet takes up most of her time.
②He was given some pills to take away the pain.
③The city has been developing very fast and it has taken on a new look.
④The young man will take over the company when his father is old.
[小片段助记]
I will take back what I said yesterday.Because I didn't take in your words at that time.But I am sure that your business is to take off someday in the future.

　access n．机会，权利；入径，通道vt.到达，进入，使用
(教材P30)We can achieve almost anything online―with access to the Internet come some truly lifechanging advantages.
在网上我们几乎什么都能做到，接入互联网带来了一些实实在在改变我们生活的好处。
[例1]　 Students must have access to good resources.
学生必须有机会使用好的资源。
[例2]　Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment.
因此我被允许接近他们的居住环境。
[造句]　这是去那个农舍的唯一通路。
It is the only access to the farmhouse.
[知识拓展]
(1)have/get/obtain/gain access to...
　　　　　拥有……的机会；可以接近；进入
give access to 接近；准许进入
(2)accessible adj. 可使用的；可进入的；可接近的
be accessible to... 可接近/可靠近；可使用……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Our new school library is accessible(access)to every student in our school.
②In my opinion，everyone should have access to a free public library.
③The loft can be accessed(access)by ladder.
④He was not allowed to access(access)a lawyer.

　bring up 使显示在计算机屏幕上，调出；抚养；养育；提出；呕吐
(教材P30)In the time it takes to find one book in the library，we can use a search engine to bring up millions of results.
在图书馆找一本书所花的时间里，我们可以用搜索引擎找到数百万条的结果。
[例1]　Click with the right mouse button to bring up a new menu.
单击鼠标的右键，调出另一个新菜单。
[例2]　He was brought up in Hannibal，Missouri，along the Mississippi River.
他在密西西比河河畔密苏里州的汉尼拔长大。
[造句]　他是由姨妈带大的。
He was brought up by his aunt.

[知识拓展]
bring in　　引进；获利；赚钱
bring out 出版；使显现
bring about 引起；导致
bring down 使倒下；减少；降低
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①His carelessness brought about his failure in the exam.
②It's too expensive.Could you please bring down the price a little?
③The greedy child brought up all he had eaten.
④Experts were brought in to advise the government.

　majority n．大部分，大多数；多数票
(教材P30)No wonder the Internet has now become the first place that the majority of people turn to for information.
难怪互联网现在已经成为大多数人查找信息的首选途径。
[例1]　In the nursing profession，women are in a/the majority.
女性在护理行业中占大多数。
[例2]　The majority of people interviewed prefer TV to radio.
大多数接受采访的人喜欢看电视，不愿意听收音机。
[造句]　在这个国家中能讲英语的人占多数。
People who can speak English are in the/a majority in this country.
[知识拓展]
(1)in a/the majority　占大多数
by/with a majority 以多数
(2)major adj. 主要的；重要的
　vi. 主修
　n. 主修课程；主修学生
major in 主修……
(3)minority n. 少数
in the/a minority 占少数
[名师点津]　(1)majority作主语时，若侧重于整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若侧重于个体成员，谓语动词用复数形式。
(2)the/a majority of后跟可数名词复数形式作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数；后跟单数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①If you look at the audience at a classical concert，the majority (major)is over the age of fifty.
②The majority of the damage is(be)easy to repair.
③The young man majored in Chinese while he was at college.

　deliver vt.递送，传送；发表，宣布；交出
(教材P31)You can have food delivered to you using food delivery apps and sites.
你可以使用送餐应用程序和网站让食物送到你身边。
[例1]　His parents always had him weeding the garden，
carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers.
他的父母总是让他为花园除草、扔垃圾以及送报纸。
[例2]　The man who is delivering a speech now is my father.
现在发表演说的那个人是我的父亲。
[造句]　你可以帮我传口信给你母亲吗？
Would you please deliver my message to your mother?
[知识拓展]
deliver a baby　　助产；接生
deliver a speech 发表演说
be delivered of＝give birth to 分娩，生……
deliver sth.to sb. 把某物递送给某人
delivery n. 递送
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The young man will have the goods delivered(deliver)tomorrow.
②The new delivery(deliver)service has taken off in a big way.
③She was delivered(deliver)of a healthy boy.
④We promised to deliver(deliver)your goods within a week.
[小片段助记]
After delivering a speech this morning，the young lady was delivered of a girl baby in a hospital.Soon she decided to have milk delivered to the hospital to feed the baby.

　instant adj.立即的，立刻的；方便的
n．瞬间，片刻；某一时刻
(教材P31)An instant message，a group chat，a video call，a comment on an update — there are endless ways to share our views or let someone know we care about them.
一个即时消息、一个群聊、一个视频电话、一个更新的评论——有无数的方式来分享我们的观点或让别人知道我们关心他们。
[例1]　The injured were in instant need of help.
那些伤员急需救助。
[例2]　This account gives you instant access to your money.
这个账户让你随时调动款项。
[造句]　演出一炮打响。
The show was an instant success.
[知识拓展]
(1)in an instant　　一会儿后；片刻；马上
for an instant 持续了一会儿
the instant(that)＝as soon as
一……就……
(2)instantly＝immediately 立刻，马上
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I sent you the news the instant I heard it.
②At the mention of his name，he instantly(instant)stood up.
③Not for an instant did I believe he had lied.

　aware adj.知道，意识到；察觉到，发觉；有……意识的
(教材P31)As with any great invention，we must be aware of these problems and be careful to use the Internet properly and responsibly.
就像任何伟大的发明一样，我们必须意识到这些问题，并恰当地、负责任地谨慎使用互联网。
[例1]　It's of great importance for you to be aware of the content—Tang poetry.
对你来说，了解内容——唐诗，是很重要的。
[例2]　Are you aware that there is something wrong with the computer?
你意识到这台电脑出故障了吗？
[造句]　人人都应该知道自己的权利和责任。
Everyone should be aware of his rights and responsibilities.
[知识拓展]
(1)be aware of/that...　明白……；意识到……
make sb.aware of... 让某人意识到……
as far as I'm aware 据我所知
(2)awareness n. 意识，认知，了解
heighten/increase one's awareness of...
提高/增强某人的……意识
[名师点津]　(1)aware常用作表语或补足语，通常不作定语。
(2)aware的修饰语通常用well或quite，表示“很，非常”，而不用very。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①UNESCO recently set April 30 as a day to increase public awareness(aware)of jazz music.
②Everybody should be made(make)aware of the risks.
③Gilbert wasn't well/quite aware of the time this morning，so he was late for school.
④As she was aware of the danger of smoking，she decided to give it up.
[小片段助记]
As far as I am aware，most of people are aware of the importance of environmental protection.But some people are still encouraged to raise the awareness of protection.So we must take some measures to make them aware of it.

Sentence Patterns
　have sth.done结构
(教材P31)You can have food delivered to you using food delivery apps and sites.
你可以使用送餐应用程序和网站让食物送到你身边。
[句式分析]
本句使用了have sth.done这一结构，意为“请/让别人做某事”。过去分词作宾语补足语，宾语与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。have sth.done还可表示主语“遭遇到某事”或“把某事做完”。
[例1]　I was at the dentist's last Sunday to have my teeth checked.
上周日我去牙医诊所检查牙齿。
[例2]　Many people had their houses damaged in the earthquake.
许多人的房子在地震中被损坏了。
[造句]　今天下午我要找人修电视机。
I will have my TV set repaired this afternoon.
[知识拓展]
(1)have sb.do sth.　　　让某人做某事
(2)have sb./sth.doing... 使某人一直做……
/使某物正处于……
(3)can't/won't have sb.doing...
不允许某人做……
(4)have sth.to do 有某事要做
[翻译]
①Peter had his leg broken(把腿摔断)when he was climbing.
②It's too cold and he finds it hard to have the car running(把车发动起来).
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I'll have my friends find(find)me a good hotel.
②It was cold.They had the fire burning(burn)the whole night.
③I can't have you speaking(speak)to your parents like this.
④The computer doesn't work and I will have it repaired(repair)today.

　“no matter＋wh疑问词” 引导让步状语从句
(教材P31)No matter where we are，we are able to keep in contact with loved ones，find longlost friends and discover whole new communities who share our hobbies.
无论我们在哪里，我们都能与所爱的人保持联系，找到失散已久的朋友，并发现与我们有共同爱好的全新群体。
[句式分析]
本句为no matter where引导的让步状语从句。no matter where意为“无论在哪里”，相当于wherever。
[例1]　No matter how many times I asked to watch cartoons，my parents would not let me.
无论我多少次要求观看动画片，父母就是不让。
[例2]　No matter what you say，I won't believe you.
无论你说什么，我都不会相信你的。
[造句]　不管他何时再来，他都会受到欢迎。
No matter when/Whenever he comes again，he'll be welcome.

[知识拓展]
(1)“在no matter＋疑问词”引导的让步状语从句中，“no matter＋疑问词”可与“疑问词＋ever”互换。
(2)whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever既可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句；no matter what(which，who，whom)只能引导让步状语从句。
[翻译]　
①A determined person always tries to finish the job，no matter how/however hard it is(无论有多困难).
②You can ask for help whenever/no matter when you need it(无论何时需要帮助).
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①No matter where I go，I see people using their cell phones.
②However late it is，his mother is always waiting for him.
③Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps.
④Send it to whoever is in charge of sales.

　while引导让步状语从句
(教材P31)However，while the Internet brings many valuable advantages，being connected has its problems.
然而，尽管互联网带来了许多宝贵的优势，网络连接也有它的问题。
[句式分析]

[例1]　While I am willing to help，I do not have much time available.
尽管我愿意帮忙，但是没有多少时间。
[例2]　While I admit his good points，I can see his shortcomings.
虽然我承认他的优点，但我还是能看到他的缺点。
[造句]　虽然他身体不好，但他努力工作。
While he is in poor health，he works hard.
[知识拓展]
(1)while引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候；和……同时”，此时的主从句谓语动作同时发生，从句谓语通常是延续性动词。
(2)while表示对比或转折，意为“而，然而”。此时，while从句一般位于句中。
(3)while引导从句时，如果主从句的主语一致或从句主语为it，且从句谓语又含有be时，则从句主语和be可省略。while后可直接跟v.ing、名词、形容词或介词短语。
[翻译]　
①While there is life(只要有生命)，there is hope.
②He is a doctor while his brother is a policeman(然而他的哥哥是个警察).
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The walls are green, while the ceiling is white.
② While the Internet is useful，we shouldn't spend too much time on it.
③He hurt his ankle while playing(play)football.

　“only ＋介词短语” 置于句首，引起部分倒装
(教材P31)Only in this way can the Internet be a place of discovery，wonder and inspiration for everyone.
只有这样，互联网才可以成为一个让每个人有所发现、获得惊奇和灵感的地方。
[句式分析]
“only＋介词短语”位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词提到主语前面。
[例1]　Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms.Garza finally say yes.
经过一年时间的友好讨论之后，Garza女士才最终同意了。
[例2]　Only then did I know the importance of study.
直到那时我才知道了学习的重要性。
[造句]　只有用这种方法我们才能按时完工。
Only in this way can we finish the work on time.
[知识拓展]
“only＋状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)”位于句首时，句子需要部分倒装。
[名师点津]　(1)当“only＋从句”置于句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装。
(2)当only修饰状语不位于句首，或位于句首的only用来修饰的不是状语，而是主语时，均不倒装。
[翻译]　
①Only when the teacher comes(只有老师来了)will it be possible to settle the problem.
②Only recently have I allowed(直到近期我才允许)myself to think of that again.
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Only in Paris do/can you find bars like this.
②Only five men were hurt(hurt)in the accident this afternoon.
③Only by working hard can you achieve your goal.
④Only when he came here did he know what had happened.

1．(教材P30)No wonder the Internet has now become the first place that the majority of people turn to for information.
[分析]　此句为主从复合句。 that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词the first place，其中关系代词that在定语从句中充当turn to的宾语。
[译文]　难怪互联网现在已经成为大多数人查找信息的首选途径。

2．(教材P31)The Internet has also made our lives unbelievably convenient，with all sorts of goods and services provided by electronic commerce，more commonly known as ecommerce.
[分析]　此句为简单句。句中的with all sorts of goods and services provided by electronic commerce 为with的复合结构，在句中作原因状语，其中more commonly known as ecommerce对electronic commerce作解释说明。
[译文]　互联网也给我们的生活带来了难以想象的便利，更通常地被称为ecommerce的电子商务提供了各种商品和服务。

3．(教材P31)Gone are the days of searching shop after shop for the perfect pair of boots―you can compare styles and prices quickly and easily in the comfort of your living room.
[分析]　此句为倒装句。句中“Gone are the days...”使用了倒装结构：表语(gone)＋系动词(are)＋主语(the days)，意为“……的日子一去不复返了”。
[译文]　一家店一家店寻找那双最合适的靴子的日子一去不复返了，你们可以舒舒服服地待在客厅里轻松快捷地比较款式和价格。

4．(教材P31)No matter where we are，we are able to keep in contact with loved ones，find longlost friends and discover whole new communities who share our hobbies.
[分析]　此句为主从复合句。no matter where引导让步状语从句；关系代词 who 引导定语从句。
[译文]　无论我们在哪里，我们都能与所爱的人保持联系，找到失散已久的朋友，并发现与我们有共同爱好的全新群体。

教材
高考
1.We can achieve almost anything online―with access to the Internet come some truly lifechanging advantages.
(2020·天津卷)Public libraries connected by a cooperative network benefit readers by giving access to online reading at a library branch.
(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms.
2.You can have food delivered to you using food delivery apps and sites.
(2020·天津卷)Once the book you've requested is delivered to the nearest branch，they will inform you by email，so you can pick it up.

【巩固练习】

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The smell of the sea took him ________ to his childhood.
2．I like folk music.It's _______(access)and lively.
3．The________(major)of the parents in China are concerned about their children's education.
4．Your blood cells must deliver nutrients__________all the other cells.
5．I'll give it to her ________instant I see her.
6．Her popular book Silent Spring raised public _________(aware)of the dangers of pollution.
7．Tom had his nose ________ (break)in a fight.
8．Only when we lose our health ________we realize how important it is.
9．They don't last long no matter _________careful you are.
10．Many women still take career breaks to bring _________ children.
答案：back;accessible;majority;to;the;awareness;broken;do;how;up

Ⅱ.短语填空
take off；bring up；at one's fingertips；sit back；above all else；get in touch with；to a certain extent；get in the way；turn to；find out
1．You can always _________your teachers when you come across any questions.
2．_________，wine is one of life's great pleasures.
3．Her singing career __________ after her TV appearance.
4．They didn't have to do anything except that they __________ and enjoy life.
5．I'm trying to _________ Jane.Do you have her number?
6．I had the information __________ and hadn't used it.
7．We can _____________ how much money is spent on food in any given period.
8．He wouldn't allow emotions to______________ of him doing his job.
9．_______________，we are all responsible for this tragic situation.
10．The Smiths are praised for the way they ____________ their children.
答案：
1．You can always turn to your teachers when you come across any questions.
2．Above all else，wine is one of life's great pleasures.
3．Her singing career took off after her TV appearance.
4．They didn't have to do anything except that they sat back and enjoy life.
5．I'm trying to get in touch with Jane.Do you have her number?
6．I had the information at my fingertips and hadn't used it.
7．We can find out how much money is spent on food in any given period.
8．He wouldn't allow emotions to get in the way of him doing his job.
9．To a certain extent，we are all responsible for this tragic situation.
10．The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children.

【知识梳理2】
动词ing作定语、状语和宾语补足语

[观察例句]
写出下列句中动词ing的作用
①Walking in the park，she saw an old friend. 时间状语
②Being ill，he couldn't go to school.原因状语
③Working hard，you'll make great progress.条件状语
④The boy ran even faster，reaching the school out of breath.结果状语
⑤All night long he long awake，thinking of the problem.伴随状语
⑥Is there a swimming pool in your school？前置定语
⑦The bridge being built now will be the longest one in the world.后置定语
⑧He heard the song being sung next door.宾语补足语
[归纳用法]
一、动词ing形式作定语
1．表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途，相当于for引导的介词短语。
No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.
阅览室里不准大声说话。
2．和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。
The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother.
＝The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother.
在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我弟弟。
[名师点津]　动词ing表示正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示动作尚未发生。
You should adapt to the changing situation.
你应该适应不断变化的形势。
The ground is covered with fallen leaves.
地上满是落叶。
I'm looking for a room to live in.
我正在找房子住。
[即学即练1]　单句语法填空
①When we got a call saying(say)she was shortlisted，we thought it was a joke.
②The girl sitting(sit)next to me was my cousin.
③Look！There are some leaves floating(float)on the water.
④There is a page missing(miss)from this book.
⑤The library being built(build)now will be the biggest one in our city.
二、动词ing形式作状语
(一)具体用法
1．作时间状语
常放在句首，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Hearing the noise，I turned round.
＝When I heard the noise，I turned round.
听到响声我转过身去。
2．作原因状语
相当于一个原因状语从句，也可以放在句首。
Being poor，he couldn't afford a TV set.
＝Because he was poor，he couldn't afford a TV set.
由于贫穷，他买不起电视机。
3．作条件状语
相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。
Working hard，you'll certainly succeed.
＝If you work hard，you'll certainly succeed.
只要努力学习，你肯定会成功的。
4．作结果状语
通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。
The fire lasted a whole night，causing great damage.
大火持续了一整夜，造成了巨大损失。
[名师点津]　动词ing形式作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，常用only to do结构，其被动形式为only to be done。
He was caught in the rain，thus making himself catch a cold.
被雨淋后他感冒了。
I hurried to school，only to find it was Sunday.
我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。
5．作让步状语
相当于although/though引导的让步状语从句。
Having been told many times，he still repeated the same mistake.
＝Although/Though he had been told many times，he still repeated the same mistake.
虽然被告诉过多次了，但是他仍旧重犯同样的错误。
6．作方式和伴随状语
动词ing表示的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成由连词连接的并列谓语。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom，reading a book.
＝Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.
玛丽坐在教室的窗边读书。

(二)注意事项
1．时态
以do为例，其ing形式有一般式(doing)和完成式(having done)。
(1)当表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用动词ing的一般式。
Walking in the street，I met an old friend of mine.
我走在街上的时候，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)
(2)当表示的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用动词ing的完成式。
Having finished the letter，he went to post it.
他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的)
2．语态
使用动词ing的主动式还是被动式，主要取决于它和句子主语之间的关系。表示主动关系就用主动式，表示被动关系就用被动式。
Having been shown around the factory，they were very happy.
被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。
Having finished his homework，he went to bed.
完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。
3．动词ing形式的否定式：not＋v.ing；not having＋v.ed
Not knowing this，he didn't come.
他不知道这件事，所以没来。
Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting.
因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。
4．独立主格结构
动词ing形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。
The trees are extremely tall，some measuring over 90 metres.
那些树非常高，其中一些高达90多米。
The weather being fine，we went out for a walk.
由于天气好，我们去散步了。
[名师点津]　有些动词ing形式在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generally speaking “一般来说”，judging by/from...“从……判断”，taking everything into consideration “从全盘考虑”。
Judging from his behaviour，he must be mad.
从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。
Generally speaking，girls are more interested in literature than boys.
一般来说，女孩比男孩对文学更感兴趣。
[即学即练2]　用动词ing短语改写句子
①The storm left and had caused a lot of damage to this area.
→The storm left，having caused a lot of damage to this area．
②Do be more careful when you cross the street.
→Do be more careful when crossing the street．
③As it was a wet day，we couldn't go for a walk.
→It being a wet day，we couldn't go for a walk.
④Because he did not know how to do it，he went to her for help.
→Not knowing how to do it，he went to her for help.
⑤As soon as she had made the beds，she started making breakfast.
→Having made the beds，she started making breakfast.
三、动词ing形式作宾语补足语
1．动词ing形式及其短语可以用在表示感觉的动词(如see，observe，notice，watch，hear，smell，listen to，look at，feel等)以及其他动词(如catch，have，make，get，start，leave，keep，find等)的宾语后面，作宾语补足语。
I saw a small girl standing in front of a goldfish pond.
我看到一个小女孩站在金鱼缸前。
[名师点津]　在一些感官、使役动词后既可以接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，也可以接动词ing形式作宾语补足语，其区别是：动词ing形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行，不是指全过程；不定式作宾语补足语表示动作的完成，指全过程。
I saw the thief getting on the train.
我看见那个贼正在上火车。
I saw the thief get on the train and disappear.
我看见那个贼上了火车，消失了。
2．用于with复合结构中，作宾语补足语
I couldn't do my homework with the noise going on.
由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。
With so many people looking at her，she felt nervous.
这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。
[即学即练3]　单句语法填空
①Suddenly we heard someone knocking(knock)gently on the window.
②I suddenly felt myself being hit(hit)by a heavy fist.
③They use computers to keep the traffic running(run)smoothly.
④When I got there，I saw the famous star being surrounded(surround)by some girls.
⑤With the crowds cheering(cheer)，they drove to the palace.

【巩固练习】
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The __________(wait)room is always full of all kinds of people.
2．I saw a stranger _____________(come)into the manager's office.
3．The boys ______________(gather)at the school gate are my classmates.
4．Those ______________(wish)to join this club should sign here.
5．_______________(miss)the bus，we had to walk home.
6．______________(watch)the play，she couldn't keep back her tears.
7．______________(know)how to do it，he turned to the engineer for help.
8．The student _____________(talk)with the foreigners over there is my brother.
9．When I saw the dog ___________(beat)by several boys，I came up to stop them.
10．The man left us ____________(stand)alone，unable to find any help.
答案：waiting; coming; gathering; wishing; Having missed; Watching; knowing; talking; being beaten; standing

Ⅱ.短文语法填空
Buying books on the Internet is a great way 1.to save(save)time and money.Online bookstores offer new books and used books 2.saving(save)you a lot of money.What's more，they are far better 3.compared(compare)to traditional bookstores as they offer much broader kinds of books.You can either click the kind of ebooks online or type the book title and get it in seconds.Another advantage of 4.shopping(shop)online is that you can also read the book reviews as well as readers' reviews to get an idea whether the book is worth 5.buying(buy).Online bookstores offer great discounts，which is a big attraction for book lovers.
For book lovers，it is most important 6.to get(get)books in time.Therefore，you need to find a reliable online bookstore that will be able to provide fast deliveries.
Here are some tips to use when 7.selecting(select)an online bookstore.Some online bookstores are popular for fiction books；some are for nonfiction books or novels，etc.8.Understanding(understand)their specialization will help you to get the right kinds of books in time.Check whether you 9.will be buying(buy)the books from a thirdparty seller or directly from the websites.Never jump at stores that offer super cheap prices，as books 10.sold(sell)at such low price could be in very bad condition.
答案：to save; saving; compared; shopping; buying; to get; selecting; Understanding; will be buying; sold

【课堂检测】
一、阅读下面短文，从所提供的四个选项中选出最佳选项，完成短文填空。
We think of teenage video gamers as being in a sort of solitary confinement(单独禁闭），shut in their darkened bedrooms.In ___21___,they are usually communicating with other gamers, via audio or text, about the action on the screen. And sometimes their conversations change from the world of fantasy to ___22___
That's what happened to 14-year-old Reilly Howard from East Hampton,Connecticut, last October. While playing Counter-Strike: Global Offensive, he ___23___ that a 13-year-old from Florida, was not his normal self. Reilly's feeling was ___24___ when the friend messaged him,"Yo, we need to talk. "Reilly ___25___ called him.
＂He starts to ___26___about what's going on in his life: 'I have nothing to live ___27___ ;I'm going to kill myself,'" Reilly told nbcconnecticut.com."He couldn't even talk. He was crying so much."___28___ to express his inner pain in speech, the 13-year-old ___29___ out,"Tonight is going to be the night."
＂He's my ____30____.I didn't want him to die," he told WFSB.
For two hours, Reilly said everything he could think of to ____31____ the 13-year-old to embrace(拥抱）life.“I just kept comforting him," says Reilly. “I said, 'I'll see you tomorrow.I'm going to be playing with you tomorrow.You promise, ____32____ is going to happen tonight.'"
About that time,Reilly's parents came home from work.He____33____ them of what was happening,and they called Florida police, who tracked down the boy.
The troubled teen is doing ____34____now,thanks to a gamer-one he'd never met in person-who was willing to put down the keyboard and lend a(n)____35____,Reilly's mother, Sheila Reilly,says,"You just have to show up and talk to people.And listen."
21. A. surprise B. particular C. truth D. general
22. A. reality B. imagination C. games D. screens
23. A. agreed B. predicted C. noticed D. remembered
24. A. examined B. confirmed C. challenged D. accepted
25. A. pleasantly B. finally C. formally D. immediately
26. A. go ahead B. move forward C. note down D. open up
27. A. with B. for C. by D. on
28. A. Unable B. Unbelievable C. Unhappy D. Unnatural
29. A. sent B. called C. typed D. figured
30. A. man B. friend C. gamer D. colleague
31. A. expect B. advise C. change D. persuade
32. A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything
33. A. reminded B. informed C. remembered D. expressed
34. A. fluently B. magically C. usually D. well
35. A. heart B. action C. ear D. shoulder
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一位14岁的电脑游戏玩家Reilly Howard拯救了一位想要轻生的另外一位游戏玩家。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，他们通常会通过音频或文本与其他玩家交流屏幕上的行为。A. surprise惊讶；B. particular详情；C. truth事实；D. general一般。根据“We think of teenage video gamers as being in a sort of solitary confinement(单独禁闭），shut in their darkened bedrooms.”可知，事实上，青少年电子游戏玩家之间也交流。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时他们的对话从幻想世界变成现实。A. reality现实；B. imagination想象；C. games游戏；D. screens屏幕。根据“the world of fantasy”及下文故事可知，有时青少年电子游戏玩家的对话从幻想世界变成现实。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在玩《反恐精英:全球攻势》时，他注意到一个来自佛罗里达的13岁男孩和平常的他不一样了。 A. agreed同意；B. predicted预测；C. noticed注意到；D. remembered记得。根据“that a 13-year-old from Florida, was not his normal self.”可知，Reilly注意到一位和他一起玩游戏的男孩和平时不一样。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当那个朋友给Reilly发信息说：“嘿，我们需要谈谈。”时，Reilly的感觉得到了证实。A. examined检查；B. confirmed确认；C. challenged挑战；D. accepted接受。根据“Global Offensive, he ___3___ that a 13-year-old from Florida, was not his normal self.”可知，Reilly证实了自己的感觉。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：Reilly立即打电话给他。A. pleasantly愉快地；B. finally最终；C. formally正式地；D. immediately立刻。根据“that a 13-year-old from Florida, was not his normal self.”可知，注意到对方不对劲，当朋友发信息要谈谈时，Reilly立刻打电话给他。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：“他开始对自己的生活敞开心扉：‘我活着没有意义；我要自杀了，’” Reilly告诉nbcconnecticut网站。A. go ahead开始；B. move forward前进；C. note down把……记下来；D. open up打开。根据“what's going on in his life:”和后文可知，男孩对Reilly敞开心扉。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：“他开始对自己的生活敞开心扉：‘我活着没有意义；我要自杀了，’” Reilly告诉nbcconnecticut网站。A. with随着；B. for因为；C. by依靠；D. on关于。live for为……而生活；盼望。根据“I'm going to kill myself”可知，男孩认为自己活着没有意义。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于无法用语言表达内心的痛苦，13岁的他打出了这样一句话：“就是今晚了。”A. Unable不能的；B. Unbelievable难以置信的；C. Unhappy不开心的；D. Unnatural不自然的。根据“the 13-year-old ___9___ out," Tonight is going to be the night."”可知，男孩无法用语言表达自己内心的痛苦。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于无法用语言表达内心的痛苦，13岁的他打出了这样一句话：“就是今晚了。”A. sent送；B. called打电话；C. typed打字；D. figured估计。根据“they are usually communicating with other gamers, via audio or text, about the action on the screen.”可知，男孩是在电脑打出的这句话。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他是我的朋友，我不想让他死，”他告诉WFSB。A. man男人；B. friend朋友；C. gamer游戏；D. colleague同事。根据“Reilly's feeling was ___4___ when the friend messaged him”可知，他们之间是一起玩电脑游戏的朋友。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在两个小时的时间里，Reilly用尽了他所能想到的一切来说服这个13岁的孩子拥抱生命。A. expect期望；B. advise建议；C. change改变；D. persuade劝服。persuade sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事。根据““I just kept comforting him,” says Reilly.”可知，Reilly尽力说服男孩放弃自杀。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查代词词义辨析。句意：明天见。明天我要和你一起玩。你保证，今晚什么都不会发生。A. nothing什么也没有；B. something某事；C. anything任何事；D. everything一切。根据“I'll see you tomorrow. I'm going to be playing with you tomorrow.”可知，Reilly希望男孩保证今晚什么事情都不要做。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告诉他们发生了什么，他们打电话给佛罗里达警察，警察找到了这个男孩。A. reminded提醒；B. informed通知；告诉C. remembered记得；D. expressed表达。inform sb. of sth.告诉某人某事。Reilly告诉父母所发生的事情。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个问题少年现在做得很好，这要感谢一个他从未见过玩家，他愿意放下键盘，伸出耳朵来倾听。 A. fluently流利地；B. magically如魔法般地；C. usually通常；D. well相当地。根据“thanks to a gamer-one he'd never met in person-who was willing to put down the keyboard and lend a(n)___15___,”可知，由于Reilly的倾听，那个想自杀的男孩现在一切都很好。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个问题少年现在做得很好，这要感谢一个他从未见过的玩家，他愿意放下键盘，伸出耳朵来倾听。A. heart心脏；B. action行动；C. ear耳朵；D. shoulder肩膀。根据“You just have to show up and talk to people. And listen.”可知，Reilly愿意放下键盘，伸出耳朵来倾听问题少年的烦恼。故选C。

【要点回顾】

【温故知新】
请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Many of us work hard to achieve a successful career. We spend years in school, and then get a well-paid job that we think will bring us a comfortable life. Then one day we realize that all we seem to do is work and have forgotten how to relax.There's nothing wrong with being ambitious.The problem is that we don't keep a good work-life balance.
Here are some simple activities that can help you find more peace and balance in your life.
Take a warm bath
A warm bath will help you relax physically and mentally. The warm water will relax your muscles and in addition, the environment will help calm your mind and improve your mood.
Go outside
The fresh air and change of scenery can help you clear your mind. In addition, seeing the rest of the world helps you put things into a larger perspective.It helps you see things beyond your own busy lives.
Try meditation
Meditation is a powerful tool to help you relax. Basically, all you have to do is sit quietly for a few minutes and follow your breath. You don't have to do it perfectly,and you don't have to meditate for long periods to get the benefits.
If you want more balance in your life, then make relaxation a part of your daily life. Not only will you feel better, but also you will be more productive and gain more satisfaction from your work and your personal life.
1. What is this article about?
A. What a comfortable life is like.
B. The best ways to enjoy yourself.
C. Activities that you should do for your success.
D. How to live a peaceful and balanced life.
2. Which of the following does the author agree with?
A. People should be relaxed instead of working hard
B. Taking a warm bath is less useful for sportsmen.
C. Going outside can broaden your mind and horizon.
D. The more relaxation you have, the better you will work.
3. What does the underlined word “meditate" most probably mean?
A. think B. sleep C. exercise D. breathe
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些可以帮助我们在生活中找到更多的平静和平衡的活动。
【1题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段“Here are some simple activities that can help you find more peace and balance in your life.”（这里有一些简单的活动可以帮助你在生活中找到更多的平静和平衡。）可知，文章是关于如何过一种平静和平衡的生活的。故选D项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据Go outside小标题下段中“The fresh air and change of scenery can help you clear your mind. In addition, seeing the rest of the world helps you put things into a larger perspective. It helps you see things beyond your own busy lives.”（新鲜的空气和风景的变化可以帮助你清理你的头脑。此外，看待世界的其他部分有助于你从更广阔的角度看待事物，帮助你看到超越自己忙碌生活的事物。）可以推知，作者认为到外面去可以开阔心胸和视野。选项A“人们应该放松而不是努力工作。”和作者“平衡生活”的观点相悖；选项B“洗个热水澡对运动员没什么用处。”和作者“热水澡能身心放松”的观点相悖，选项D“你越放松，你就会工作得越好。”过于极端，不符合作者观点。故选C项。
【3题详解】
词句猜测题。根据Try meditation小标题下第一段中“Meditation is a powerful tool to help you relax.”（冥想是帮助你放松的有力工具。）可知，冥想能帮助放松，再根据划线词句“You don't have to do it perfectly, and you don't have to meditate for long periods to get the benefits.”（你不需要做得很完美，你也不必meditate长时间来获得好处。）可知，前半句中的代词it指的是“冥想”，可以推知划线单词meditate（和meditation同根词）应该是“冥想”的意思，选项A与之意义最为接近。故选A项。

B
Instead of going on a trip or buying herself new clothes:Xiao Tong from Wuhan, Hubei province,chose to celebrate her senior high school graduation in a different way. She went to a beauty clinic to have plastic surgery on her nose."I want to make a good impression and start my university life with a brand-new look,"the 18-year-old told Changjiang Daily.
Like Xiao Tong,many young Chinese are anxious about their looks, and more and more subject themselves to plastic surgery.Young people do it for different reasons,and improving self-confidence is one of them.
Wang Fang,18,from Beijing, felt that her eyes were too small. In 2019,after she got in university,Wang had a minor operation done on her eyelids."Before I had the surgery, I had a negative view of myself.Therefore,I had no confidence,"Wang told Beijing Youth Daily.
But Jiang Wenxiu of the Department of Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University in Jiangsu,advised that people should think twice before going under the knife. ＂Medical beauty apps only show how great plastic surgery can be,"Jiang told China Daily. ＂They leave out all the negative things."
Today beauty clinics are well aware that these young students are mostly short of money,so they use summer discounts, installment plans and other ways to attract their attention.
Xiao Zhen,17,from Chengdu,Sichuan province,is one of the victims. She took out a loan(贷款） of about 20,000 yuan to get plastic surgery.But the large sum of money became a big burden. She had to drop out of school and go to work to pay off the loan.
Besides the financial burden, potential health risks of plastic surgery also need to be considered.
＂If you have big problems with your look, you should wait until you are a full adult, and then decide if you want to do something about it,"Jiang said."Then,with a stable(稳定的）mind,you can consider inner and outer beauty,and whether plastic surgery is for you.”
4. Why does the author mention Xiao Tong in the first paragraph?
A. To explain what plastic surgery is.
B. To praise her bravery to live a different life.
C. To show the popularity of plastic surgery.
D. To introduce a new way to start university.
5. What does Xiao Zhen lose for her surgery?
A. Freedom. B. Education. C. Health. D. Confidence.
6. What is Jiang Wenxiu's attitude towards plastic surgery?
A. Admiring. B. Worried. C. Cautious(谨慎的） D. Satisfied.
7. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Popular plastic surgery.
B. Never take plastic surgery.
C. What makes plastic surgery popular?
D. Show your confidence in plastic surgery.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇新闻报道，文章讲述了整容在年轻人中的流行，同时还列举了一些整容之后的不良后果。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句，“Like Xiao Tong,many young Chinese are anxious about their looks, and more and more subject themselves to plastic surgery.”（像小童一样，很多的年轻人都对自己的外貌很焦虑，越来越多的人让自己去整容），可知，上文提到的小童，只是一个众多整容的年轻人中的一个例子，说明了整容越来越流行。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段后两句，“But the large sum of money became a big burden. She had to drop out of school and go to work to pay off the loan.”（但是这笔钱成为一个很大的负担。她不得不辍学，去工作以偿还贷款），可知，小珍因为贷款整容而失去了受教育的机会。故选B。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段，“But Jiang Wenxiu of the Department of Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University in Jiangsu,advised that people should think twice before going under the knife. ＂Medical beauty apps only show how great plastic surgery can be,"Jiang told China Daily. ＂They leave out all the negative things."”（但是，来自江苏东南大学众达医院精神病科的蒋文秀建议，人们在动刀之前要三思。医学上美容的app只是展示了美容手术有可能是什么样的，它们忽略掉所有负面的东西），可知，蒋文秀医生对整容手术室持谨慎的态度的。故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句，“Like Xiao Tong,many young Chinese are anxious about their looks, and more and more subject themselves to plastic surgery.”（像小童一样，像小童一样，很多的年轻人都对自己的外貌很焦虑，越来越多的人让自己去整容），本句引出文章主题，整容在年轻人中变得越来越流行，再结合下文，作者列举更多的例子，来证明整容在年轻人群中的受欢迎程度，以及由于整容，给年轻人带来的后果，所以本文主要是围绕整容的流行来展开。短文的最佳标题为“很受欢迎的整形手术”。故选A。

C
The traditional Chinese lunar calendar(农历）divides the year into 24 solar terms(节气）．Start of Winter, the 19th solar term of the year,begins this year on Nov 7 and ends on Nov 21.
Start of Winter is the first solar term of winter,which means winter is coming and crops harvested in autumn should he stored up.
In ancient times, the Start of Winter was regarded as the beginning of winter, however,due to geographical factors, the actual winter time varies from place to place.
In fact,the Start of Winter is not the beginning of winter in terms of meteorology(气象学）。The weather every year is different, so the beginning of winter could be quite different.And as China is very large, it starts at different times in different areas.
The beginnings of the four seasons were important festivals in ancient times. Before the Start of Winter,the ancient emperor would take a shower and have no more meat.On that day,the emperor would lead his officials to the countryside and"welcome the winter".
People eat dumplings on the beginning of winter. Legend has it that in the late Eastern Han Dynasty,Zhang Zhongjing invented "Jiao Ear"(娇耳）to treat typhoid(伤寒） patients with ear frostbite(冻疮）.He cooked mutton,hot peppers and herbs to drive out the cold and warm up the body.He put these materials into a dough skin and made them into an ear shape.Since then,people have learned to make the food which became known as "dumpling" or jiaozi. Today there is still a saying that goes "Eat dumplings on Start of Winter Day, or your ears will be frostbitten.”
8. Which of the following is right about Start of Winter?
A. It is one of the solar terns in Chinese calendar.
B. People begin to harvest crops on this day.
C. Winter begins on November 7 this year.
D. It begins in different months in different places.
9. What does it in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. the Start of Winter
B. the change of weather
C. the important festival
D. the beginning of winter
10. What do the last two paragraphs mainly talk about?
A. Importance of Start of Winter.
B. Customs of Start of Winter.
C. Origin(起源）of Start of Winter.
D. Food eaten on Start of Winter.
11. Why do people eat dumplings on Start of Winter day?
A. Because dumplings can drive away typhoid.
B. Because they wish for good luck for themselves.
C. Because eating dumplings can warm up their ears.
D. Because they want to prevent the coming of winter.
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了二十四节气中的立冬节气，解释了立冬节气的含义，时间和人们在立冬时节的风俗习惯。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句，“Start of Winter, the 19th solar term of the year,begins this year on Nov 7 and ends on Nov 21.”（立冬是一年中的第19个节气，今年立冬节气开始于11月7号，结束于11月21号）可知，立冬是二十四节气中的一个。故选A。
【9题详解】
代词指代词。根据上一句话，“The weather every year is different, so the beginning of winter could be quite different.”（每年的天气是不一样的，所以冬天的开始也可能是不一样的），再跟据代词的指代原则，“代词指代上句出现的人，物或事”，可知，本句的it代指上一句中的the beginning of winter。故选D。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段，“Before the Start of Winter,the ancient emperor would take a shower and have no more meat.On that day,the emperor would lead his officials to the countryside and"welcome the winter"”（在立冬之前，古代的皇帝会洗澡，戒肉。在当天，皇帝会带领他的官员们来到乡村迎接冬天），以及最后一段，“He cooked mutton,hot peppers and herbs to drive out the cold and warm up the body.”（他会炖羊肉，辣椒和草药来驱赶寒冷，温暖身体），可知，文章后两段主要在讲古代的时候，在立冬节气人们的一些习俗。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句，“Today there is still a saying that goes "Eat dumplings on Start of Winter Day, or your ears will be frostbitten.””（今天仍然有谚语，“立冬时节吃饺子，否则耳朵冻下来”）可知，现在的生活条件提高了，人们吃饺子不再只是为了驱寒，而是是带着一种对自己的美好愿望。故选B。

D
A Chinese TV play,The Long Night has enjoyed great popularity, getting a high score of 9.2/10 on Douban. Viewers all spoke highly of this drama, saying it is even better than the original work.

As TV series such as The Bad Kids, Nothing but Thirty and Horizon Tower are still popular, netizens become excited and think that domestic(国内的）dramas are worthy of being followed. The Long Night, for example, makes people realize that everything can be easily imitated and copied except the understanding and search for aesthetics(美）. Imitated or copied dramas often have no soul.
However,quite a few Chinese dramas prefer repeating or copying the content and theme in other dramas or their own ones.
Daylight Entertainment produced Ode to Joy(欢乐颂） to reveal the happiness and sadness of city beauties,receiving many positive comments.However, after the reproduction of Ode to Joy 2,All Is Well,and If There's No Tomorrow,it was criticized by professionals and audience for stereotypical(刻板的）creation:"Pile up the hopes of one hundred people onto one person the hero looks just like a live complaining post in the forum,and other characters are tools to hunt him."
Twenty Your Life On and Nothing but Thirty give the audience an impression that they are completely "coming from the trending topics and living on the trending topics". One viewer commented "I am guessing the next plays will be Forty to Know the Mandate of Heaven,Fifty to Move on,and Sixty Still Young".
Taking a closer look at the works that have earned a place in the history of Chinese drama none of them is a copy or copycat. Besides, they are too good to be followed.
Now,many Chinese dramas are noticeably turning themselves back to the right track. Hopefully,a good drama will not be followed by a group of twins or siblings.
12. What does the author mainly want to do?
A. To introduce a number of TV plays.
B. To explain the process of drama producing.
C. To welcome a new trend in domestic dramas.
D. To encourage readers to watch more Chinese plays.
13. What is the function of the paragraph 4?
A. Presenting a new point of view.
B. Leading in a new topic.
C. Supporting a point of view.
D. Making a conclusion.
14. Which of the following is on the right track mentioned in the last paragraph according to the author?
A. The Long Night
B. If There's No Tomorrow
C. Nothing but Thirty
D. Sixty Still Young
15. On what basis should Chinese domestic dramas be improved according to the author?
A. imitation B. impression C. popularity D. creativity
【答案】12. C 13. C 14. A 15. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国国产的电视剧复制和模仿某些好剧的现象很严重，并呼吁国产电视剧能够有自己的创新，而不是一味地模仿某些好剧。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“Taking a closer look at the works that have earned a place in the history of Chinese drama none of them is a copy or copycat.（仔细看看那些在中国电视剧史上占有一席之地的作品，它们都不是复制品或山寨品）”以及最后一段 “Now, many Chinese dramas are noticeably turning themselves back to the right track. Hopefully, a good drama will not be followed by a group of twins or siblings. （如今，许多中国电视剧显然正在重回正轨。希望一部好剧不会出现一群双胞胎或兄弟姐妹）”可知，作者认为好的电视剧作品不应是去复制或模仿好剧，他希望一部好剧将不会出现一群模仿者。由此可推断作者的意图是期待国产剧的新趋势，新改变。故选C项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第三段“However, quite a few Chinese dramas prefer repeating or copying the content and theme in other dramas or their own ones.（然而，相当一部分中国电视剧倾向于重复或复制其他电视剧或自己的电视剧的内容和主题。）”以及第四段“ However, after the reproduction of Ode to Joy 2, All Is Well, and If There's No Tomorrow, it was criticized by professionals and audience for stereotypical(刻板的）creation（然而，在《欢乐颂2》，《都挺好》，《我是余欢水》等复制剧播出之后，日光娱乐就被专业人士和观众批评为刻板的创作）”可知，文章第四段主要是举例来说明、支持第三段“相当一部分中国戏剧喜欢重复或复制其他戏剧或自己的戏剧的内容和主题”的观点。故选C项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Now, many Chinese dramas are noticeably turning themselves back to the right track. Hopefully, a good drama will not be followed by a group of twins or siblings.（现在，许多中国电视剧明显地回到了正轨。希望一部好剧之后，不会出现一群双胞胎或兄弟姐妹）”可知，国产电视剧重回正轨（the right track）指一部好剧之后，不会出现一群模仿者，也就是好的电视剧要原创，有自己的独特性，而不是一味模仿好剧。再结合第二段“The Long Night, for example, makes people realize that everything can be easily imitated and copied except the understanding and search for aesthetics（例如，《沉默的真相》使人们意识到，除了对美学的理解和追求之外，一切都可以很容易地模仿和复制）”可知，《沉默的真相》这部剧有着对美学的理解和追求，有自己的特色，并非一味复制其他的作品。由此可推断A项表述符合“the right track”的说法，符合题意。故选A项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第一段“Imitated or copied dramas often have no soul.（模仿或抄袭的电视剧往往没有灵魂）”及倒数第二段“Taking a closer look at the works that have earned a place in the history of Chinese drama none of them is a copy or copycat.（仔细看看那些在中国电视剧史上赢得一席之地的作品，它们没有一个是复制品或山寨品）”可知，好剧不是通过复制或抄袭得来的，由此可推测作者认为中国国产剧应该在创造性上有所改进。故选D项。

预习思考
预习第三单元后面的内容