Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites（B卷·提升能力）（解析版） 高中英语新牛津译林版选择性必修第三册（2022年）

这是一份Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites（B卷·提升能力）（解析版） 高中英语新牛津译林版选择性必修第三册（2022年），共17页。
Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites测试 （B卷·提升能力）
（时间：100分钟，满分：120分）
第一部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2022·广东·金山中学高一期末）Before war and time destroy more of our important cultural sites, we need to save them in 3-D digital libraries. Across 163 different countries, 1,000 natural and cultural historic places make up our most precious human heritage, which UNESCO calls World Heritage Sites.
We lose a little of that heritage every day. War, climate change and pollution have a bad effect, as do wind and rain. The $4 million a year that UNESCO spends on preservation is not nearly enough to take care of even the four dozen sites considered at approaching risk of being lost forever. Now there’s a better choice. New digital-conservation technologies let us hold on to them, at least virtually (虚拟地), through 3-D scanning, modeling and digital storage. Such projects can be accomplished (完成) through cooperation between governments, universities, industry and non-profit organizations.
To make a 3-D model, a laser (激光) scanner bounces light off an object and records the results. To reproduce every corner and opening, the scanner collects overlapping (重叠的) images from all possible angles. A computer then sews them together into one large surface image and draws lines from one point to another to create a wire-frame model. High-resolution digital cameras add color and texture. When fully put together, the models can be viewed, printed or operated.
These scans do more than preserve a memory in a database. With highly accurate measurements, archaeologists (考古学家) can find hidden passages or reveal ancient engineering tricks. School kids can explore places they might otherwise never see. And when a site is destroyed, the scans can even be used to reconstruct what was there. That has already happened for one World Heritage Site, the Kasubi Tombs in Uganda. Built of wood in 1882, they were destroyed by fire in 2010 and rebuilt in 2014, based in large part on 3-D models made in 2009. More than 100 World Heritage Sites have been already preserved as 3-D models, and conservationists are racing to record as many more as possible.
1．How does the author show the necessity for 3-D digital libraries in the first two paragraphs?
A．By listing the threats to our human heritage.
B．By introducing some damaged historical sites.
C．By quoting some experts’ views on heritage protection.
D．By explaining UNESCO’s research on World Heritage Sites.
2．From Paragraph 3 we learn that ________.
A．The function of a laser scanner is to add color and texture to the image.
B．The reflection of light off an object is recorded in a computer.
C．The process of making a 3-D model is successfully carried out with the help of a laser scanner, a computer and high-resolution digital cameras.
D．High-resolution digital cameras make the models viewable, printable, and operable.
3．What do we know about the Kasubi Tombs in Uganda?
A．It is metal-framed.
B．It is still in its original condition.
C．It was once destroyed in an earthquake.
D．It was reconstructed thanks to 3-D models.
4．What does the author intend to say through this text?
A．Never ignore the destructive power of war.
B．Take action to reduce pollution in historic places.
C．Take advantage of 3-D technology to keep history.
D．Invest more money to preserve World Heritage Sites.
【答案】ACDC
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。利用三维数字技术可以更好地保护世界历史文化遗产。
1．推理判断题。通读第一二段尤其是根据第一段“Before war and time destroy more of our important cultural sites, we need to save them in 3-D digital libraries. (在战争和时间摧毁我们更多的重要文化遗址之前，我们需要将它们保存在三维数字图书馆中)”和第二段“We lose a little of that heritage every day. War, climate change and pollution have a bad effect, as do wind and rain. (我们每天都会失去一点遗产。战争、气候变化和污染以及风雨都会产生不良影响)”可知，人类遗产面临战争、气候变化和污染等方面的巨大威胁，作者通过列举人类遗产面临的威胁来说明建立三维数字图书馆的必要性。因此，在前两段中，作者说明三维数字图书馆的必要性的方法是A项“By listing the threats to our human heritage.(通过列举人类遗产面临的威胁)”符合题意，故选A项。
2．主旨大意题。通读第三段，尤其是根据“To make a 3-D model, a laser (激光) scanner bounces light off an object and records the results…A computer then sews them together into one large surface image and draws lines from one point to another to create a wire-frame model…When fully put together, the models can be viewed, printed or operated. (为了制作一个三维模型，激光扫描仪将光线反射到物体上并记录结果……然后计算机将它们缝合成一个大的表面图像，并从一个点到另一个点绘制线，以创建一个线框模型……当完全组合在一起时，可以查看、打印或操作这些模型)”可知，本段主要介绍三维模型的制作过程。因此，从第三段我们了解到是C项“The process of making a 3-D model is successfully carried out with the help of a laser scanner, a computer and high-resolution digital cameras.(在激光扫描仪、计算机和高分辨率数码相机的帮助下，成功地完成了制作三维模型的过程)”符合题意，故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“That has already happened for one World Heritage Site, the Kasubi Tombs in Uganda. Built of wood in 1882, they were destroyed by fire in 2010 and rebuilt in 2014, based in large part on 3-D models made in 2009. (乌干达的卡苏比陵墓已经成为世界遗产。它们是1882年用木头建造的，2010年被大火烧毁，2014年重建，主要基于2009年制造的三维模型)”可知，乌干达的卡苏比陵墓的重建，主要基于2009年制造的三维模型。因此，我们对乌干达的卡苏比陵墓了解的是D项“It was reconstructed thanks to 3-D models.(多亏了三维模型，它才得以重建)”符合题意，故选D项。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“Before war and time destroy more of our important cultural sites, we need to save them in 3-D digital libraries. (在战争和时间摧毁我们更多的重要文化遗址之前，我们需要将它们保存在三维数字图书馆中)”可知，作者写本文是想呼吁利用三维技术重建文化遗产，留住历史。因此，作者打算通过本文说明C项“Take advantage of 3-D technology to keep history.(利用3D技术记录历史)”符合题意，故选C项。
B
（2022·重庆·高二期末）Chinese people love food made of flour, whether it be dumplings, or flatbread. In the hands of sill artisans (手艺人), flour is made into lovely models of people or animals to be enjoyed and played with, which brings a unique kind of pleasure. This art form is called dough figurine (面塑). Among the various at styles of dough figurines, Beijing’s Dough Figurine Lang is a unique folk art, which is filled with the rich history and customs of the capital city. Their delicate and lovely handicrafts are storytellers of old and new Beijing. In 2008, it was included in the list of national intangible cultural heritage.
It was created by Lang Shao’an. Most of the dough figurines are animals and characters from legends, historical stories, and local operas. The finished product is either put at the end of a thin stick, or on a table for display. Some are mostly for children to eat or play with, with simple forms and vivid decorations, while some are delicate pieces of artwork for display only. For this reason, during the making process they are often mixed with additives (添加剂) to prevent them from breaking up, being eaten by insects or growing moldy. Over the course of his long career, Lang Shao’an developed a set of sill fingers with an elegant artistic sense.
Lang Jiaziyu, born in 1995, is the third-generation inheritor of Dough Figurine Lang. When he was 15, he created Beijing Olympic Mascot shaped dough figurines which were highly praised. He looks a bit more fashionable than other folk artisans. In his skilled hands, pop culture icons such as figures based on Marvel comics characters and Chinese mythological figure Nezha with smoky makeup, are resonating with young people.
Like most of the other intangible cultural heritage handicrafts in China, Dough Figurine Lang does not get as much attention from the public. Few young people are willing to take the time to master a skill that does not make money, which has led to a decline in the number of those who are devoted to the handicraft. Good handicrafts need the devotion of artisans from one generation to another.
5．What is special about Dough Figurine Lang?
A．It reflects Beijing’s culture.
B．It is created by many famous artists.
C．It shows people’s lifestyles and beliefs.
D．It is popular with both tourists and the locals.
6．Why do artisans add additives to dough figurines?
A．To make dough figurines taste good.
B．To keep colors brighter and last longer.
C．To help shape dough into various forms.
D．To better preserve the finished products.
7．What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A．Suggestions for other folk artisans.
B．Different art styles of dough figurines.
C．Lang Jiaziyu’s achievements as an artisan.
D．The popularity of modern dough figurines.
8．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To call on people to master a skill.
B．To appeal to people to value this folk art.
C．To teach people ways to appreciate the handicraft.
D．To persuade people to protect national cultural heritage.
【答案】ADCB
【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国传统民间艺术之一的面人郎的独特魅力和制作技艺，呼吁人们重视这项传统手工艺。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Among the various at styles of dough figurines, Beijing’s Dough Figurine Lang is a unique folk art, which is filled with the rich history and customs of the capital city. (在众多的面人风格中，北京面人郎是一种独特的民间艺术，它展现了首都丰富的历史和习俗)”可知，北京面人郎这项民间艺术反映了历史悠久的北京文化，故选A项。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段“during the making process they are often mixed with additives (添加剂) to prevent them from breaking up, being eaten by insects or growing moldy. (在制作过程中它们常常与添加剂混合(添加剂),以防止它们破碎，被虫子吃掉或发霉的增长)”可知，制作面人时加入添加剂，是为了更好地保存它们。故选D项。
7．段落大意题。根据第三段的“Lang Jiaziyu, born in 1995, is the third-generation inheritor of Dough Figurine Lang. When he was 15, he created Beijing Olympic Mascot shaped dough figurines which were highly praised. (郎佳子彧，1995年生，面人郎的第三代传人。15岁时，他创作了北京奥运会吉祥物面塑，深受好评)”以及下文内容可知，第三段主要描述Lang Jiaziyu取得的艺术成就，故选C项。
8．目的意图题。根据最后一段“Few young people are willing to take the time to master a skill that does not make money, which has led to a decline in the number of those who are devoted to the handicraft. Good handicrafts need the devotion of artisans from one generation to another. (很少有年轻人愿意花时间去掌握一项不赚钱的技能，这导致了从事这门手艺的人数下降。好的手工艺品需要一代又一代工匠的奉献)”可知，全文通过介绍面塑的制作和引人担忧的发展现状，呼吁广大读者重视面塑这项传统民间艺术，故选B项。
C
（2021·湖南·雅礼中学高二期中）As more and more people speak the global language of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will be likely to die out by the next century, according the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations — UNESCO and National Geographic among them — have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.
Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Center, Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.
Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.
At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials —including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field notes — which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection. Now, through the two organizations that he has founded — the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project — Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, found in libraries and stores around the world, available not just to schools but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.
9．Many scholars are making efforts to ________.
A．promote global languages B．rescue disappearing languages
C．search for languages communities D．set up language research organizations
10．What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to ________.
A．having detailed records of the languages B．writing books on language users
C．telling stories about language speakers D．living with the native speakers
11．What is Turin’s book based on?
A．The cultural studies in India. B．The documents available at Yale.
C．His language research in Bhutan. D．His personal experience in Nepal.
12．Which of the following best describes Turin’s work?
A．Write, sell and donate. B．Record, repair and reward.
C．Collect, protect and reconnect. D．Design, experiment and report.
【答案】BADC
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述学者们正在努力记录濒临消失的语言和文化，来挽救这些语言。耶鲁大学的科学家Mark Turin专门研究喜马拉雅山的语言和口述传统，并他根据自己在尼泊尔一个村庄的生活经历写了一本书。他不只是满足把这些语言在灭绝前记录下来，他要把他们挽救下来，和现在的语言进行重新的连接。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations- UNESCO and National Geographic among them –have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.(为了防止语言消失，包括联合国教科文组织和国家地理在内的一些组织的学者们多年来一直在记录正在消亡的语言及其所反映的文化) ”可知，许多学者正在努力记录濒临消失的语言和文化，来挽救这些语言。故选B项。
10．词句猜测题。根据第二段内容可知许多学者正在努力记录濒临消失的语言和文化，来挽救这些语言。由第三段“Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Center, Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition. (耶鲁大学麦克米伦中心(Macmillan Center)专门研究喜马拉雅山语言和口述传统的科学家Mark Turin遵循了这一传统)”可知，Mark Turin也参与到记录正在濒临消失的语言和文化的传统，挽救语言的行动中；结合第四段“But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.(但他并不满足于在这些声音消失之前就把它们录下来) ”可知，他想要做更加详细的语言记录，所以“that tradition”指的是“详细的语言记录”，故选A项。
11．细节理解题。根据第三段“His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, looking and raising a family in a village in Nepal.(他最近出版了一本名为《唐米语法》的书，书中用民族语言介绍了唐米人及其文化，这本书是基于他在尼泊尔一个村庄生活、观察和养家的经历写成的)”可知，他的书是根据他在尼泊尔一个村庄的生活经历写的。故选D项。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected.(最初收集这些材料的几代人的社区)”和“Turin notes,the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.(Turin指出，这些濒临灭绝的语言可以被保存下来，并与语言社区重新建立联系)”可知，Turin的作品是从最初的材料上进行的收集，他的作品使濒临危险的语言得到了保护，并且与言语重新连接。因此对他的作品做好的描述是具有收集，保护和重新连接的作用。故选C项。
D
（2021·安徽省怀宁县第二中学高二期中）"The firefighters of Paris told me they are very hopeful about saving the northern tower, " French Junior Interior Minister Laurent Nunez said on Twitter late Monday, adding that the firefighting efforts would continue for hours.
The Notre Dame Cathedral(巴黎圣母院)， one of the most famous landmarks in the French capital， was engulfed in flames Monday evening as a catastrophic fire tore through the historic structure， collapsing its spire as fire officials raced to save the monument from total destruction.
Video and photos posted on social media showed flames engulfing the cathedral, thus both the ceiling and the 90-meter spire came crashing down. The fire spread to one of the cathedral's towers, but French officials said late Monday that firefighters were optimistic they could save both towers.
French President Emmanuel Macron said a national fundraising campaign would be launched on Tuesday and called on the world's "greatest talents" to assist in the effort. "We will rebuild, Macron told reporters. "We will rebuild Notre Dame because this is what the French expect, because this is what our history deserves.
Officials said there were no deaths in the fire. Jean-Claude Gallet, chief of the Parisian fire department, said one firefighter was injured while responding to the flame. Two-thirds of the cathedral's roof was destroyed, Gal let said. The fire broke out just before p. m. minutes after the cathedral, which has been partly rebuilt, closed to the public. Around 30 000 people visit the church daily.
Despite its long history and many treasures the Cathedral needed the help of a writer to become truly famous. Victor Hugo's 1831 novel, The Hunchback of Notre-Dame, presented the building to a wide audience of readers. The book's ugly lead character, Quasimodo, serves as a symbol for Paris forgotten Gothic architecture. Hugo wrote the book to remind people of it, with hope they would work to protect the beautiful old buildings of Paris. The loss of cultural relics will never come again if they are lost only once. This is a painful loss of world civilization.
13．The following issues are wrongly stated in the text except________________.
A．the Notre Dame Cathedral was totally destroyed
B．firefighters were pessimistic because they couldn't save both towers
C．a national fundraising campaign would be launched to rebuild the cathedral
D．the Cathedral became truly famous for its long history and many treasures
14．What does the underlined word" engulfed" in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Flooded. B．Swallowed.
C．Disappeared. D．Constructed.
15．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．A fire broke out in the Notre Dame Cathedral
B．The mystery of the Notre Dame Cathedral
C．A national fundraising campaign
D．The rebuilding of the Notre Dame Cathedral
【答案】CBA
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，文章报道了举世闻名的法国巴黎圣母院发生火灾的相关事宜。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“French President Emmanuel Macron said a national fundraising campaign would be launched on Tuesday”可知，法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙说, 一个全国性的筹款活动将于周二发起，由此可知, 为了重建巴黎圣母院，法国发起了一个全国性的筹款活动，故选C。
14．词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“in flames Monday evening as a catastrophic fire tore through the historic structure ”可知，一场灾难性的大火吞噬了这座历史建筑，此处是说巴黎圣母院的部分建筑也被大火吞没了，由此可知画线词词义为“吞没”, 与B项意思相近，故选B。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 文章主要报道了巴黎圣母院火灾的时间、损毁状况、解决措施等，所以A项（巴黎圣母院发生火灾）为本文的最佳标题，故选A。
【点睛】
词义猜测题的难度较大，对画线词上下文的理解是关键，例如本篇第2题，根据画线词后的“in flames Monday evening as a catastrophic fire tore through the historic structure ”可知，一场灾难性的大火吞噬了这座历史建筑，此处是说巴黎圣母院的部分建筑也被大火吞没了，特别是“in flames”表明画线词词义为“吞没”。
第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2021·四川·威远中学校高二期中）The 24 solar terms (节气) are part of the traditional Chinese calendar. The Chinese people divided a year into 24 segments (片段) based on the sun’s position in the zodiac (黄道十二宫). _____16_____ They reflect the changes of the seasons, climate and phenology (生物气候学). The Yellow River Basin in northern China is believed to be the cradle (摇篮) of the solar terms system.
_____17_____ They mark things like seasons, temperature, precipitation (降水), growth of the crops and weather conditions. Many farmers still rely on the solar terms to work in the fields.
Most of the solar terms bear with them rich social and cultural meanings. _____18_____ The “Pure Brightness” is also referred to as Tomb-Sweeping Day, when people pay respect to those they have lost.
The ancient calendar remains relevant to this day. _____19_____ The cultural legacy reflects the Chinese people’s respect for nature and tradition, their unique understanding of the universe, their wisdom to live in harmony with nature and the world’s cultural diversity, said Zhang Ling, an official with the Ministry of Culture in 2017.
It is the youth of China who can best help carry on this significant part of our culture. _____20_____ Many young people have already been contributing their energy and strength to this feat. In fact, they have been living up to this challenge through rather artistic means. Many photos, essays and paintings have centered around the theme of the 24 solar terms and expressed the vitality and rich tradition of Chinese history.A．Each segment is called a solar term.
B．For instance, during the “Start of Winter”, people eat dumplings.
C．The sun’s positions bring about many things related to human life.
D．Their wisdom for life and nature made the solar terms system popular today.
E．Their creativity and consciousness can bring new life to ancient culture.
F．Solar terms were instructions for agricultural production and people’s daily lives.
G．This has long been a central element of life in China, and we must protect it.
【答案】AFBGE
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代的二十四节气是如何产生的。二十四节气到现在依然在被广泛运用，这也代表了中国人们对古代文化遗产的尊重。二十四节气也将被中国的青年一代传承下去。
16．上文“The Chinese people divided a year into 24 segments based on the sun’s position in the zodiac. (中国人民基于太阳在黄道十二宫的不同位置，把一年分为了24个部分)”说明了二十四部分是根据什么划分的，设空处承上启下，下文“They reflect the changes of the seasons, climate and phenology. (它们反映了季节，气候和生物气候学所产生的变化)”指出二十四节气反映了什么。A项“每一个部分叫做一个节气。”指出了这二十四部分和二十四节气的关系，且A项中的“segment”与上文一致。故选A项。
17．下文“They mark things like seasons, temperature, precipitation (降水), growth of the crops and weather conditions. Many farmers still rely on the solar terms to work in the fields. (它们可以标记季节、温度、降水、庄稼的生长和天气状况。许多农民仍然依靠节气在地里干活)”说明了节气对于农民和人民日常生活的重要性。F项“节气指导着农业生产和人们的日常生活。”引出下文，符合文意。故选F项。
18．上文“Most of the solar terms bear with them rich social and cultural meanings. (大多数节气都具有丰富的社会文化意义)”指出，大部分节气都有丰富的社会意义和文化意义，下文“The “Pure Brightness” is also referred to as Tomb-Sweeping Day, when people pay respect to those they have lost. (“清明节”也被称为扫墓节，人们在这一天向逝者表示缅怀)”举例说明了清明节的社会文化意义。B项“例如，在节气“冬至”期间，人们要吃饺子。”举例说明了冬至的习俗，与下文构成并列关系。故选B项。
19．上文“The ancient calendar remains relevant to this day. (古代历法至今仍然适用)”说明二十四节气在今天依然重要。设空处承上启下，下文“The cultural legacy reflects the Chinese people’s respect for nature and tradition, their unique understanding of the universe, their wisdom to live in harmony with nature and the world’s cultural diversity (这个文化遗产反映了中国人民对自然和传统、对宇宙的独特理解、他们与自然和谐相处的智慧以及对世界文化的多样性的尊重)”指出了二十四节气的重要意义。G项“长期以来，这一直是中国生活的核心要素，我们必须保护它。”符合文意，由于上下文所提及的二十四节气的重要性，所以必须保护它。故选G项。
20．通过上文“It is the youth of China who can best help carry on this significant part of our culture. (正是中国的年轻人,能最好地传承我们文化中的这一重要组成部分)”以及下文“Many young people have already been contributing their energy and strength to this feat. (许多年轻人已经在这个事业上贡献出他们的精力和力量了)”可知，中国年轻人能更好地传承二十四节气这一文化遗产，并且有许多年轻人已经为之付出努力了。E项“他们的创造力和意识可以给古代文化遗产带来新的生命。”符合文意，承上启下。故选E项。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2021·上海市松江一中高二期中）Archaeologists are scientists who search for clues that help form a clearer picture of the lives people led in the past. Archaeology is a modern science, but it has been____21____for centuries. More than 2,400 years ago, the Greek historian Herodotus described the Egyptian pyramids and other monuments. He may have been the first writer to consider that remains and____22____could provide information for____23____generations. For more than a thousand years, however, such____24____were observers rather than researchers.
In the 1700s, scientists and adventurers from a variety of countries traveled____25____to explore ancients sites. Digs that are still____26____began in 1709 at Herculaneum, an Italian city buried in ash during the explosion of Mount Vesuvius in A．D．79. The Danish scholar The Danish scholar Carsten Niebuhr visited the ruins of Persepolis in the Middle East in 1754to study cuneiform writing (楔形文字).____27____, archaeology didn’t become a widely recognized science and school didn’t recognize the subject as a scholarly pursuit until the 19th century. The term itself was____28____in 1837. It comes from a Latin word meaning “the study of antiques (古物)”. One of the first archaeologists to use a scientific approach to the discipline was Heinrich Schliemann of Germany，who in the late 1800s____29____the ancient civilization of the city of Troy.
Today，archaeologists uncover the past in many different____30____, including deserts and jungles，at sites called digs. Ancient sources, folk tales, and landscape features can suggest where archaeologists should look. Surveys of the land help them choose sites____31____to provide artifacts, the objects that will unlock the story of a particular people—their daily lives, their beliefs, and their ties to other cultures. A site, however, does not have to be old to be interesting to an archaeologist. Some prefer to study more____32____settlements. One scientist, for instance, studies coal mining camps in California by examining the garbage that miners____33____. Archaeologists may work for universities, museums or governments, and some of them are involved in educating the public about____34____ancient sites. Artifact hunters who are____35____history rob these places and sell what they find for a few dollars to immoral dealers in antiquities.
21．A．advancing B．changing C．digging D．evolving
22．A．books B．history C．ruins D．science
23．A．lost B．later C．older D．several
24．A．inventors B．scholars C．visitors D．writers
25．A．extensively B．nationwide C．regularly D．together
26．A．in progress B．in good condition C．on display D．out of control
27．A．Besides B．However C．Instead D．Meanwhile
28．A．coined B．considered C．recognized D．used
29．A．created B．developed C．established D．investigated
30．A．countries B．fields C．locations D．ways
31．A．certain B．likely C．ready D．necessary
32．A．honorable B．peaceful C．rural D．recent
33．A．gave away B．gave off C．left behind D．left out
34．A．choosing B．examining C．studying D．protecting
35．A．aware of B．fed up with C．ignorant of D．familiar with
【答案】DCBBA ABADC BDCDC
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了考古学的发展以及考古学家们的工作内容。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：考古学是一门现代科学，但它已经发展了几个世纪。A. advancing前进；B. changing改变；C. digging挖掘；D. evolving发展，进化。结合后文“for centuries”指考古学已经发展了几个世纪，应用evolve。故选D。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他可能是第一个认为遗迹和废墟可以为后人提供信息的作家。A. books书籍；B. history历史；C. ruins废墟；D. science科学。根据上文“remains and”以及常识，考古学主要是研究遗迹和废墟，即遗迹和废墟可以为后人提供信息。故选C。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他可能是第一个认为遗迹和废墟可以为后人提供信息的作家。A. lost迷路的；B. later较晚的；C. older年长的；D. several几个。根据后文“generations”可知，考古学主要是研究以前遗迹和废墟，来为后人提供信息。故选B。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，一千多年来，这些学者都是观察者而不是研究者。A. inventors发明家；B. scholars学者；C. visitors游客；D. writers作者。根据上文“the Greek historian Herodotus”和后文“were observers rather than researchers”可知，此处指研究遗迹和废墟的学者，在一千多年的时间里都只是观察者，而不是研究者。故选B。
25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在18世纪，来自不同国家的科学家和冒险家进行了大量的旅行，以探索古代遗迹。A. extensively广泛地；B. nationwide全国性的；C. regularly定期地；D. together一起。根据本处“scientists and adventurers from a variety of countries traveled to explore ancients sites”和常识可知，要找到古代遗迹，需要广泛地旅行探索。故选A。
26．考查固定短语辨析。句意：赫库兰尼姆的挖掘工作始于1709年，在公元79年维苏威火山爆发期间，这座意大利城市被火山灰掩埋，目前仍在进行中。A. in progress正在进行；B. in good condition状况良好；C. on display在展出；D. out of control失控。根据上文“Digs that are still”可知，赫库兰尼姆的挖掘工作目前仍在进行中。故选A。
27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，考古学并没有成为一门被广泛认可的科学，直到19世纪学校才将其作为一种学术追求。A. Besides此外；B. However然而；C. Instead相反；D. Meanwhile同时。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用however。故选B。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个词是在1837年创造的。A. coined创造；B. considered考虑；C. recognized识别；D. used使用。根据上文“The term itself was”和下文“ It comes from a Latin word meaning “the study of antiques (古物)””可知，archaeology这个词来自一个拉丁词，意思是“古董研究”，说明“archaeology”这个词是被创造出来的，应用coin表示“创造新词”。故选A。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：德国的海因里希·施利曼是最早使用科学方法研究这一学科的考古学家之一，他在19世纪末调查了特洛伊城的古代文明。A. created创造；B. developed发展；C. established建立；D. investigated调查。根据后文“the ancient civilization of the city of Troy”和“Surveys of the land”可知，此处指海因里希·施利曼在19世纪末调查了特洛伊城的古代文明。故选D。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，考古学家们在许多不同的地方发现了过去的历史，包括沙漠和丛林，这些地方被称为挖掘点。A. countries国家；B. fields领域；C. locations位置；D. ways方法。根据后文“including deserts and jungles”指在不同的地方发现过去的历史。故选C。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对这片土地的调查帮助他们选择可能提供史前器物的地点，这些物品将揭示一个特定民族的故事——他们的日常生活、他们的信仰以及他们与其他文化的联系。A. certain必然的；B. likely可能的；C. ready准备好的；D. necessary必要的。根据前文“Surveys of the land”和后文“to provide artifacts”可知，对考古地点调查是为了找到遗迹，此处指找到可能提供文物的地点。故选B。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有些人更喜欢研究最近时期的定居点。A. honorable光荣的；B. peaceful和平的；C. rural农村的；D. recent最近的。根据上文“A site, however, does not have to be old to be interesting to an archaeologist.”可知，考古学家感兴趣的遗址并不一定是古老的，说明有些人更喜欢研究最近时期的定居点。故选D。
33．考查动词短语辨析。句意：例如，一位科学家通过检查矿工留下的垃圾来研究加州的煤矿营地。A. gave away赠送；B. gave off发出；C. left behind留下；D. left out忽视。根据上文“the garbage that miners”可知，此处指旷工留下的垃圾。故选C。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：考古学家可能为大学、博物馆或政府工作，他们中的一些人从事教育公众关于保护古代遗址的工作。A. choosing选择；B. examining检查；C. studying学习；D. protecting保护。根据前文“some of them are involved in educating the public about”以及后文“ancient sites”可知，考古学家中的一些人从事教育公众关于保护古代遗址的工作。故选D。
35．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：对历史一无所知的文物猎人抢劫这些地方，把他们找到的东西以几美元的价格卖给不道德的古董商人。A. aware of意识到；B. fed up with受够了；C. ignorant of不知道；D. familiar with熟悉。根据后文“history rob these places and sell what they find for a few dollars to immoral dealers in antiquities”可知，文物猎人抢劫这些地方只是为了贩卖古董，且低价出售，说明他们对文物的价值不清楚，对历史一无所知。故选C。
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（2020·安徽·屯溪一中高二开学考试）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yu Rong, a Chinese artist, thinks of a new way to introduce ___36___. ancient story of Hua Mulan in her picture book. In the book, I Am Hua Mulan, she tells the story by ___37___ (combine) paper-cutting with international artistic styles. She places Shaanxi papercuts over western- style pencil sketches (素描) ___38___ (create) a typical presentation of Chinese elements (要素), which turns out to be a ___39___ ( success) and impressive breakthrough.
Hua Mulan, ___40___ story has been told by generations in China, was a fighter from the northern Wei dynasty (386-534). As a devoted daughter, she dressed herself as a man to serve in the army ___41___ place of her father. Mulan’s characteristics, such as courage, kindness and a disinterested attitude toward fame and fortune, made ___42___ (she)one of the most respected historical Chinese heroines. Mulan’s story has been adapted ___43___ (frequent) in modern media
For example, in 1998, Disney produced a film named Mulan, which ___44___ (consider) a great success by critics and the public.
To better tell the story, Yu Rong takes inspiration from her several ____45____ (visit) to sites of ancient battles and Henan provinces Yu Opera. After years of preparation she finally makes this extraordinary work.
【答案】
36．the
37．combining
38．to create
39．successful
40．whose
41．in
42．her
43．frequently
44．was considered
45．visits
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国艺术家郁蓉通过把中国的剪纸和国际上流行的艺术形式结合在一起，创作了含有中国特色的图画书《我是花木兰》。
36．考查冠词。句意：中国艺术家郁蓉想起了一个新的方法介绍花木兰的故事。此处特指花木兰的故事，应用定冠词，所以要填定冠词the。
37．考查动名词。句意：在《我是花木兰》这本书里，她把中国的剪纸和国际上流行的艺术形式结合在一起讲述花木兰的故事。在介词by后作宾语，应用动名词短语充当宾语，所以要填combining。
38．考查不定式。句意：为了创造出一个典型的中国元素的形象，她把陕西剪纸和西方的素描相结合。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，所以要填to create。
39．考查形容词。句意：结果证明这是一个成功并给人留下深刻印象的新突破。句中and连接并列结构，此处and的后面 是形容词impressive“给人深刻印象的”，所以要填successful。
40．考查定语从句的关系词。所填的词要引导一个定语从句，指代先行词Hua Mulan在定语从句中作story的定语，所以要填关系代词whose。
41．考查介词。句意：她把自己化妆成一个男性代替父亲服兵役。介词短语in place of是固定短语，表示“替代”，所以要填介词in。
42．考查代词。句意：花木兰的性格，如勇气、善良以及对名誉和财富的无所谓态度，让他成为中国历史上最受尊敬的女英雄之一。在动词made后作宾语，应用宾格，所以要填her。
43．考查副词。句意：花木兰的故事已经被频繁地在当代媒体里被改编了。此处应用副词修饰动词adapted作状语，所以要填副词frequently。
44．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，关系代词which指代先行词 “a film named Mulan”，与consider是被动关系，且根据上文中的produced可知用一般过去时，所以要填was considered。
45．考查名词复数。句意：为了更好地讲述这个故事，郁蓉还从几次参观河南豫剧中获得了灵感。空前several修饰可数名词复数，所以要填复数形式visits。
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分)
（2020·全国·高二课时练习）假如你是李华，近来政府加大了文物保护的力度。请你以“保护文物(Cultural Relic Protection )”为题，用英语写一篇文章。内容包括：
1.文物的重要性；
2.保护措施；
3.你的想法。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案】
Cultural Relic Protection
As we all know, cultural relics can help us know a period of history, and contribute to cultural research. Besides, cultural relics are precious wealth left by our ancestors, which play an important role in history. In addition, they can deepen the love for our motherland. So it's very important for us to protect cultural relics.
First, we should make relevant laws and increase the punishment for illegal acts. Second, we should raise awareness of the protection of cultural relics and actively fight for cultural relics. As students, we should be civilized tourists and not destroy cultural relics.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，假如你是李华，近来政府加大了文物保护的力度。请你以“保护文物(Cultural Relic Protection )”为题，用英语写一篇文章。内容包括：文物的重要性；保护措施；你的想法。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
众所周知：As we all know→As is known to us
另外，此外：besides→in addition→what’s more
重要的：important→vital
为……而战：fight for→struggle for
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In addition, they can deepen the love for our motherland. So it's very important for us to protect cultural relics.
拓展句：In addition, they can deepen the love for our motherland，which is very important for us to protect cultural relics.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] As we all know, cultural relics can help us know a period of history, and contribute to cultural research. (运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Besides, cultural relics are precious wealth left by our ancestors, which play an important role in history. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
（2021·江苏·南京市中华中学高二期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was 1939, and the Great Depression had made all our lives much harder. But we didn’t know how poor we were until our father sat my brother and me down on the couch in our living room to have a talk.
I will always remember the sad look in Father’s eyes as he stared down at his hands, rubbing them back and forth, while he searched for the words to tell us that our family wasn’t going to be celebrating Christmas this year.
A month later, on Christmas Eve, I lay awake in bed late into the night, trying to talk myself out of sneaking into our living room to see if Santa had come. I gathered my courage, then tiptoed down the hallway, hoping I would see the bright sparkling lights of our Christmas tree standing proudly in the corner of our living room, like it did every year.
Instead, I was greeted by my seventeen-year-old brother, Frank, who slept on our living room couch. “Hey, little one, what are you doing up?” he whispered.
I started to cry. “There’s no Christmas tree.”
There would be no presents, no singing, no Christmas dinner. It felt like we were the saddest family in the world. My disappointment overwhelmed me. I looked forward to Christmas each year. It wasn’t only the presents. It was that special feeling I got from seeing my family happy. We hadn’t been happy in such a long time.
On Christmas morning, the sun shone into our chilly bedroom, waking me up. “Maybe Santa came! Maybe he came!” I suddenly insisted. My eyes searched the living room, but there was no Christmas tree. I broke into uncontrollable tears.
I ran to Father in tears and threw my arms around him. “ We aren’t going to have Christmas this year.”
“Now, now, now, calm down. Go on in and see your mother. She will comfort you.” Dad slowly pushed the bedroom door open, leading me into the room.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Out of the corner of my eye, I noticed something different in the bedroom.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With my question answered, everything dawned on me.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Out of the corner of my eye, I noticed something different in the bedroom. “Merry Christmas, my dearest child ,”said Mom with her two warm arms holding me gently. “What is this in the sparkling box? Do you want to know?” Then she put it into my hands and told me to open it .Excitedly I uncovered it , in the box lay a tiny music box with a small Christmas tree on it. How wonderful it looked! “But Dad told me that it is the Great Depression now, and we are living a hard life .How could you get the money for my Christmas gift ?” Mother told me that she had sold her gold ring .
With my question answered, everything dawned on me. It was mother’s truest love for her dearest child that made her sell her favourite gold ring which had accompanied her for a long time. No mother in the world would like to disappoint her child on such an important day. I kissed Mom on her cheeks saying Merry Christmas to her . That special music box taught me a lesson—no matter how tough the life is , my family would face it bravely as long as there is love in our heart.
【解析】
【分析】
本文以人物情感为线索展开，讲述了作者在美国经济大萧条时期家庭困难没钱买圣诞树过圣诞节的故事。根据原文所述，作者在圣诞节早上醒来没发现一丁点的圣诞节节日迹象后开始失望地哭闹起来，谁知妈妈在卧室里像变戏法一样地送他一份圣诞节礼物，为贫困的家庭带来节日的气息。
【详解】
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“在我眼角的余光里，我发现房间里有些不一样的东西。”可知，第一段可描写“不一样的东西”，是什么，它怎么来的以及作者情绪的细微变化。
②由第二段首句内容“我的问题得到回答后，我明白了一切。”可知，第二段可描写作者明白了事情的真相以及得到了什么感悟，从妈妈对孩子的爱和孩子的感激之情入手。
2.续写线索：发现不一样的东西——卖金戒指——音乐盒——提问——感激——感悟
3.词汇激活行为类
①打开：uncovered it/opened it
②生活艰难：living a hard life/ living a tough life
③.陪伴：accompany her/ have its company/be with her
情绪类
①.兴奋：excitedly/ thrilledly
②.勇敢：bravely/courageously
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. That special music box taught me a lesson—no matter how tough the life is , my family would face it bravely as long as there is love in our heart.（no matter how引导的让步状语从句和as long as引导的条件状语从句）
[高分句型2]. It was mother’s truest love for her dearest child that made her sell her favourite gold ring which had accompanied her for a long time.（It is …that… 强调句，及由关系代词which引导限制性定语从句）