中考英语二轮专题复习课件——定语从句

这是一份中考英语二轮专题复习课件——定语从句，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了brown，cute ，形容词前置，现在分词短语后置，potato，a lot of，定语从句，CHAPTER 1，基本概念和引导词，关系代词等内容，欢迎下载使用。
I’m a brwn bear.
修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的词。
名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式 （短语）、分词、定语从句等…相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。
当定语放在所修饰名词的前面，我们称之为前置定语。
一般情况下，形容词、现在分词、过去分词以及动名词作定语，都是前置定语。
例如：a red flwer a living elephant a tired engineer a barking dg
当定语放在所修饰名词的后面，我们称之为后置定语。
一般情况下，一些有前缀或者后缀的形容词、修饰不定代词的形容词、形容词短语、现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式以及介词短语等作定语，都是后置定语。
1. 形容词作后置定语（a-）
一些以a为词首的形容词作定语时，需要后置。
例：The girl asleep sundly is my yunger sister.
He is the greatest writer alive.
以a为首做后置定语的形容词还有：alne, alike, afraid, aware, ashamed, awake 等。
但若这些词有一个状语修饰，则可以前置。
例：the fast asleep children 熟睡的孩子们 the wide awake patient 完全醒着的病人 a smewhat afraid sldier 一个有点惊恐的士兵
2. 形容词作后置定语（-able, -ible)
一些以后缀-able 和-ible 结尾的形容词，在意义上有强烈的谓语色彩和被动意义时，也往往后置。
例：He is the nly persn reliable.
I knw the actr suitable fr the part.
3. 形容词修饰不定代词
例：I'd like smething cheaper.
There is smething strange in the sky.
She desn't like eating anything sweet.
4. 形容词短语作后置定语
例：He lked at the street full f cars.
He is a wrker wrthy f praise.
Hangzhu is a city famus fr the West Lake.
副词做定语时一般放在名词之后，在意义上表示时间、地点等。
例：The weather here is very nice. The building arund are mstly f mdern cnstructins.
6. 现在分词短语作后置定语
现在分词短语做定语时，一定放在被修饰成分的后面，构成后置定语。例：
They built a highway leading int the muntains. We met a grup f pupils returning frm schl.
现在分词短语做后置定语，在意义上相当于一个定语从句。但在转换时，要注意动词的主语和时态。
7. 过去分词短语作后置定语
过去分词短语做后置定语时，表示被动意义、完成意义或状态意义。
What's the language spken in that area?Is there anything planned fr tnight?
8. 动词不定式(t d sth.)作后置定语
动词不定式做后置定语与被修饰成分之间表示不同的语义关系。
做修饰语的动词不定式为逻辑谓语，被修饰的名词为动词不定式的直接宾语。例如：
I have a lt f wrk t d tday.He had a big family t supprt.
被修饰的名词表示逻辑主语，修饰它的动词不定式结构表示逻辑谓语。例如：
Amng the men t take part in the wrk, he is prbably the mst active.
He's always the first t cme.
动词不定式对其修饰的成分起一种描绘阐述作用。例如：
It's already time t start planting trees.
He had n chance t g t schl in thse years.
8. 动词不定式(t d sth.) 作后置定语
不定式和被修饰的名词处于平行关系，只对其起一种解说作用。例如：
Sn came the rder t start the general attack.
We gt n instructins t leave the city.
9. 动词不定式复合结构 (fr sb. t d sth.)作后置定语
动词不定式复合结构做后置定语和动词不定式短语一样，均只能放在被修饰成分后面，做后置定语。例如：
He bught a huse fr his children t live in.
It's difficult fr us t get there n time.
10. 介词短语作后置定语
介词短语做后置修饰语，在意义上表示时间、地点、范围、类别、来源、动宾、同位等语义关系。例如：
The weather in Beijing is clder than that in Sanya. （地点）Peple in the wrld play basketball. （范围）His lve fr his cuntry is very great. （动宾）The city f New Yrk is very large. （同位）
standing n a ball
I’m Bear Brwn wh has a lt f friends.
wh has a lt f friends
This bear is Brwn.
The bear is sitting in frnt f the fridge.
The bear wh is sitting in frnt f the fridge is Brwn.
THE ATRIBUTIVE CLAUSE
在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。结构：先行词+引导词+从句
被定语从句所修饰的名词或者代词。
引导词又称为关系词。分关系代词和关系副词。
作用：1. 引导定语从句；2. 在从句中作一个成分；3.代替先行词在从句中的位置。
关系代词在从句中充当主语或者宾语。关系代词后的谓语动词，即从句的谓语动词，应与主句的主语保持一致。主要有以下几个词：wh, that, whm, whse, which
注：关系代词在从句中做宾语时可以省略。
例：I met a girl ___ knew yur sister.
例：I met a girl ____ I want t marry.
The persn t ______ I cmplained is the manager.
用作宾语的whm如果不是紧跟在介词之后，通常会被省略或用wh或that代之。如：
The persn ______ I cmplained t is the manager.
The persn is the manager.
I cmplained t the persn.
遇到以下情况只能用wh，不能用that。
1. 当先行词是ne，nes，anyne，thse时，只能用wh
Gd helps thse wh help themselves.
He wh des nt reach the Great Wall is nt a true man.
Thse wh have any difficulties with prnunciatin shuld practice.
2. 当先行词是人称代词时，只能用wh
Brwn, there is a fancy dress party in ur schl next week. Let's g and prepare fr it.
Sure, we must be the students wh are the mst special nes in the party.
请帮Cny及她的朋友们选择合适的面具吧！
注：一般在先行词为物体的时候，that和which都可以互换。
主句

例：She was nt n the train _____ arrived just nw.
例：Is this the bk _____ yu are lking fr?
1. 当先行词是anything，everything，nthing（smething除外），few，all，nne，little等代词时，或者是由any，every，all，sme，n，little，few，much，each等修饰时：
Have yu take dwn everything (that) Mr. Li said?
All that can be dne has been dne.
There is little (that) I can d fr yu.
Any man that/wh has a sense f duty wn't d such a thing.
在下列情况下，关系词用that而不用which。
2. 当先行词被序数词修饰时：
The first place that they visited in Lndn was the Big Ben.
This is the best mvie that I have ever seen.
This is the very gd bk I want t buy.
After the fire in his huse, the ld car is the nly thing that he wned.
3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时：
4. 当先行词被the very/nly/same/last 修饰时：
5. 当先行词前有wh,which等疑问代词时：
Wh is the man that is standing there?
Can yu remember the scientist and his thery that we have learned?
The village is n lnger the ne that it used t be 10 years ag.
Which is the T-shirt that fits me the mst?
6. 当先行词既有人，又有动物或者物体时：
7. 当先行词在定语从句中做表语时：
在下列情况下，关系词只能用which。
1. 介词前置时，关系代词只能用which：
It is a tl with which we can pen a can.
She failed the exam, which made her parents very angry.
My glasses, withut which I was like a blind man, fell t the grund and brke.
2. 引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时，只能用which
Wh is the man __________teaches yu English?
请帮Cny及Chc选择合适的配饰吧！
Internet is s interesting, _________makes all pssible happen.
The key with ________ t pen the dr has been lst.
Is there anything ____________ I can d fr yu?
This is the mst imprtant thing ___________I want t d.
He invited us t dinner, __________was very kind f him.
whse在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与后面的名词为所属关系，可以指人也可以指物，可以与f which和f whm互换使用。

例：This is the man _____ jb is a car engineer.
用f... 改写句子帮助他们赢得购物折扣券。
I saw sme trees, whse leaves were black in disease.
I saw sme trees, the leaves f which were black in disease.
Mr. King, whse legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken t hspital.
Mr. King, the legs f whm were badly hurt, was quickly taken t hspital.
The baby whse eyes are blue is s cute.
The baby, the eyes f whm are blue, is s cute.
关系副词在从句中引导时间状语从句。关系副词=介词+关系代词。主要有以下几个词：where (=in/at/n which)when (=n/during/in which)why (=fr which)
where在定语从句中作地点状语。
主句
例: Shanghai is the city where I was brn.
改: Shanghai is the city in which I was brn.
例: The huse where I lived ten years ag has been pulled dwn.
改: The huse in which I lived ten years ag has been pulled dwn.
when在定语从句中作时间状语。
例: The time when we gt tgether finally came.
改: The time at which we gt tgether finally came.
when在定语从句中时间状语。
例: I still remember the day when I first came t the schl.
改: I still remember the day n which I first came t the schl.
why在定语从句中作原因状语。
主句
例: Please tell me the reasn why yu are late.
改: Please tell me the reasn fr which yu are late.
请帮Sally及朋友们搭配服装吧！
This is the twn ________ I was brn.
This is the twn ________ I visited last week.
I will never frget the day ________ I came t the schl.
I will never frget the day ________ I spent with yu.
This is the reasn _______ he was late.
The reasn _______ he explained is nt true.
“介词+关系代词” 结构也可以引导定语从句。有以下几种结构：1. 介词+whm/whichThe wman general still can remenber the day n which she jined the army.2. 介词短语+whm/whichThe man has a huse, in frnt f which is the sea.
3. 不定代词或/数词 +whm/whichChina has a lt f famus writers, ne f whm is Luxun.4. 名词 + f whichShe mentined a magazine, the title f which I have written n my ntebk.
1. 选用介词时要注意与先行词的搭配
I will never frget the day n which I jined the army.
I will never frget the days during which I wrked in the schl.
I will never frget the year in which my sn went t cllege.
I gt hme at 7:00 p.m. yesterday, by which mst peple had had supper.
2. 选用介词时要注意与谓语动词的搭配习惯
Have yu fund the bk fr which I paid 29 dllars?
Have yu fund the bk n which I spent 29 dllars?
Have yu fund the bk frm which we learnt a lt?
Have yu fund the bk abut which she ften talks?
Chc 需要一条星型项链。请帮帮她吧！
是指先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或者失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。
非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词做些附加说明。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往用逗号隔开。
1. 从句修饰先行词，关系词在从句中做成分，且在从句中作宾语时可以省略；I'll never frget the day (that) we spent tgether.2. 可以用that引导；That is the very tl that are lking fr.3.省去定从则句子意思不完整。
1. 从句修饰先行词或者前面的整个句子，或其中一部分。He suddenly fell ill, which kept him frm schl.2. 不可以用that引导，主句和从句要用逗号隔开；His dg, which he liked very much, died yesterday.3.从句只是作为主句意义的补充，可以省去。
as和which都可以引导非限定从，但有些区别。
as引导非限定从时应被译为“正如…..那样”，且已形成固定结构。　
如：as is knwn, as is said, as is reprted, as is ften the case, as is expected
Einstein, as is knwn, is a famus scientist.As is reprted, China has becme an imprtant cuntry in the wrld.He didn't cme t attend the meeting, as is expected.
注：蓝色标记部分为被修饰内容。
which引导的非限定从
Bamb is hllw, which makes it very light.My sn nw ges t the schl, which I used t g t when I was a child.
1. ______ was natural,he married Jenny. A.Which B.That C.This signs _____ we use in the experiment ______ Greek letters. A.as ,are B.as,is C.that,are D.that,is3.I passed him a large glass f whisky, _____ he drank immediately . A.that B.as C.which is very gd at dance, ____ everybdy knws. A.that B.which C.wh D.as
1. There are lts f gd English prgrammes which are bradcast n TV r the radi in China.There are lts f gd English prgrammes _______________ n TV r the radi in China.2. At ne time there were lng queues f peple wh were waiting utside the CAAC ffices.At ne time there were lng queues f peple ______________ utside the CAAC ffices.
是否有连词是区分关键。
1. The prfessr is an rdinary-lking little man, n the nse f __________ there is a pair f glasses.The prfessr is an rdinary-lking little man, and n his nse there is a pair f Wrld Trade Organizatin (WTO) finally pened its dr t China n Nvember 10, _____ a 15-year wait. A. t end B. ended C. ending D. ends
状从的that在从句中不做成分，仅作连词使用。This is such a big stne _______ n ne can lift it.定从的as在从句中需做成分使用（主宾表）This is such a big stne _______ n ne can lift.
Please put the letter in the drawer __________ he can easily find it.Please put the letter _________ he can easily find it.
1. Yu may stay __________ yu like.2. We put the crn __________ the birds culd find it easily.3. I'd like yu t take my picture ________ stands the ancient twer.4. I've never been t _______ my grandfather was brn. A. which B. in which C. where D that
强调句句型：It is/was +被强调的成份+that/wh +其它部分去掉 It is/was….that/wh… ,句子照样成立。
1. It is in this rm ______ I lived last year. It is the rm _______ I lived last year.2. It was at seven 'clck ________ he went t schl this mrning. It was seven 'clck _______ he went t schl this mrning.
合并句子，帮助他们换装吧。
We're lking fr a thief.
The thief stle a wallet.
We're lking fr a thief wh/that stle a wallet.
He can't find the place.
He lived in the place frty years ag.
He can't find the place where/in which he lived frty years ag.
The by is Nicky.
The by's parents have been dead.
The by whse parents have been dead is Nicky.