2022年中考英语一轮复习第九课时并列句和复合句课件

这是一份2022年中考英语一轮复习第九课时并列句和复合句课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了上节课内容复习， ，宾语从句三要点，定语从句的用法，随堂练习等内容，欢迎下载使用。
目 录 CONTENTS
2．下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别， frget t d … frget ding… 忘记要做某事 忘记做了某事 remember t d… remember ding …记住要做某事 记着做了某事 mean t d … mean ding … 打算/ 想要做某事 意味着做了某事 regret t d … regret ding … 对要做的事表示后悔 对做过去的事后悔 can’t help t d… can’t help ding … 不能帮助做某事 情不自禁做某事
1.对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。2.你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。3. 这个男孩把宝宝弄哭了。4. 这个宝宝被这个男孩弄哭了。5. 你最好早点起床，要不然会上学迟到的。
try t d … try ding 努力/尽力去做某事 试着做某事learn t d … learn ding … 学着去做某事 学会做某事 stp t d … stp ding … 停下来去做（另一件事）停止做某事 g n t d … g n ding … 接着做（另外一件事） 继续做某事 used t d … be （get）used t ding … 过去做某事 习惯做某事
prefer sth. 更喜欢某事 他住在北方，所以他更喜欢米饭。prefer sth. t sth. 与后者相比更喜欢前者与牛奶相比我更喜欢奶茶。prefer ding sth. 更喜欢做某事或宁愿I prefer sleeping at hme. prefer ding sth. t ding sth. 与后者相比更喜欢做前者与运动相比，我更喜欢睡觉。prefer t d sth rather than d sth. 宁愿做前者也不做后者的事我宁愿睡觉也不愿运动。
另一个表示宁愿的句型？wuld rather d sth. than d
1. In the mrning, I gave my best friend a gift t celebrate her birthday.
2. Living in China makes me prud and happy.
3. My lvely pet dg is playing with a ball in the park.
4. The by called Tm is my brther.
5. She wrks hard in rder t catch up with thers.
中考考点分析与语法专项
并列复合句连词沈阳 6年4考
and: 1) 和，并且，表并列、递进或顺承关系；2）用于祈使句，and+ 陈述句（表结果）的结构
but: 但是，表转折关系；s:所以，表因果关系
r:1) 或者，表选择关系；2）否则，用于祈使句，r+ 陈述句(表转折) 结构
neither…nr…既不…也不； either… r…或者…或者； nt nly… but als… 不仅…而且…。这三个词组连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则”。
Bth…and… 两者都…，连接两个并列结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
As well as, tgether with, alng with, except, besides, but, including, in additin t, like等，连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“就远原则”。
考向一：表示并列关系的并列连词表示并列关系的常见连词有：and (和；又；而且), as well as( 也 ； 和 ), ( 既……又……), nt als...( 不仅……而且……), (既不……也不……)。
考向二：表示转折关系的并列连词1.althugh或thugh在引导让步状语从句时，主句不可使用转折连词but，但是可以使用yet或still。►Althugh she is in pr health，(yet) she wrks hard.虽然她的身体不好，但是她工作非常努力。2.hwever 意为＂然而，不过＂，可放在句首、句中或句末，不能像but那样直接连接两个句子，常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。(×)We all tried ur best, hwever we lst the game.(√)We all tried ur best. Hwever, we lst the game.(√)We all tried ur best, but we lst the game.
考向三：表示选择关系的并列连词
考向四：表示因果关系的并列连词
就近原则也称“邻近原则”，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。（就近原则就是在遇到一些特定的词组或句型后，动词的单数复数看离他最近的那个主语）这些词组有nt  als..., , 等。there be ……句型，Neither……nr…… ，Either……r……，Nt……but…… ，Whether……r…… Nt nly……but als……例： Neither yu nr he is right. = Neither he nr yu are right.Either they r Jim is ging t Shanghai next Saturday. = Either Jim r they are ging t shanghai next Saturday. Nt nly Ann but als her parents stay at hme every Sunday. = Nt nly Ann's parents but als she stays at hme every Sunday.
当用作主语的成分后面跟有由but, except, besides, including, like, with, as well as, as much as, n less than, alng with, in additin t, cmbined with, rather than, tgether with等引出的短语时，谓语动词习惯上要与这些结构前面的主语保持一致（即与比较远的那个主语保持一致，简称“就远原则”）。如：Everybdy except yu is dwn n me. A wman with tw children has cme. Jhn, rather than his rmmates, is t blame. Jim, tgether with his classmates, has seen the film. 
1. – Hell , Jyce, yu are busy. Can I give yu a hand? -- Thanks very much, ________ I can manage. A. and B. r C. s D. but
2. The children searched there fr mre than tw hur _____ culd nt find it . A. and B. s C. r D. but
3. The dg wuld nly he blamed fr nt catching me at mst, _______ all it did was t d its best. A. and B. s C. r D. but
4. I nly have tw tickets fr the cncert. _______ yu _______ he can g with me . A. Either; r B. Neither; nr C. Bth; and D. Nt nly; but als
that/ if/ whether
时态：1）主将从现 2）主祈从现
主从复合句考点必考 每年2—4道
连接代词what/ which/ wh/ whse/ whm等
连接副词when/ where/ why/ hw等
从句陈述句语序，即主语+ 谓语+宾语+ 其他
需要性原则:主句一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用相应的时态
呼应性原则:主句一般过去时，从句过去的某种时态
特殊性原则:主句表示客观事实真理、自然现象，从句一般现在时
关系代词：wh/ that/ which/ whm/ whse
关系副词: where/ when/ why
原因：because, as, since; 时间：when, while, befre, until等条件：if, unless, as lng as; 让步：thugh, althugh, even thugh/if; 目的：s that, in rder that; 结果：s/such…that
宾语从句The Object Clause
I like my teacher.（名词作宾语)I enjy playing basketball.(动名词作宾语）I decide t study hard.（不定式作宾语）I knw him .（代词作宾语）
宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。
我们 知道 姚明We knw Ya Ming．
我们 知道 他是一个著名的篮球运动员We knw
宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语，并有一个连接词引导。
一 什么 是宾语从句？
he is a famus basketball player
我们 知道 他是一个著名的篮球运动员
一、语序二、引导词三、时态
有哪些句子可以做宾语？
1，陈述句，he is a famus basketball player.2, 一般疑问句， Will ur teachers attend the meeting ?3， 特殊疑问句，which cat did yu prefer?
句子的两种语序:1.陈述句结构叫陈述语序宾语从句必须用陈述句语序 2 疑问句结构叫疑问语序
将下列句子改成陈述句语序： 1.Is there a bank near here? 2.Did yu g t Center Park? 3.Where des he live? 4. Why d yu like pandas?
There is a bank near here.
Yu went t Center Park.
Where he lives.
Where yu like pandas.
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted t stay at hme.She desn’t knw (that) she is seriusly ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.     
1.This is a like wrked last will g has been t sings well.
用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1. I knw …2. She says …3. Tell yur friend …
1, 改为陈述句语气，2，用if/whether连接
Des he want t g swim?
he wants t g swim
2. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如： I want t knw if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I culd help him.但是如果句子后出现r nt, 只能用whether.I dn’t knw whether he will cme r nt.
1.Is he reading ?2.D yu get up at six?3.Des Tm wrk hard?4.Did yu watch TV ?5.Will they read bks ?6.Can yu sing ?
用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.D yu knw …2.I want t knw …3.The teacher asks …
Which cat did yu like best?
I wnder which cat yu like best.
用疑问引导，改为陈述语气。
我想知道你最喜欢哪一条领带？
Which tie d yu like best
特殊疑问句变成 陈述语序连接词就是疑问词本身
which tie yu like best?
3. 由连接代词wh, whm, whse, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, hw引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如： D yu knw wh (whm) they are waiting fr? He asked whse handwriting was the best. Can yu tell me where the N.3 bus stp is? I dn’t knw why the train is late.
What is this ?What are yu ding ?Where d yu live ?When des he get up ?Hw did yu g t wrk?Wh will yu play with?
用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语句:1.D yu knw …2.I want t knw …3. Can yu tell me …4. The man asked …
     1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。       e.g       I hear ( that ) Tm has been t Guilin twice .       I hear ( that ) she will cme tmrrw .       I hear ( that ) Jim went t wrk an hur ag .       I hear ( that ) he is interested in English .
四.宾语从句中时态的变化
had learned
1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）
2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。       e.g       He said ( that ) he wuld g t Xi’an . （will g）       He said ( that ) he was ill yesterday . (be)       He said ( that ) he was reading a bk . (is reading)       He said ( that ) he had had supper already . (has had) 3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。       e.g       He said that the sun is much bigger than the mn .       The teacher tld the students that n news is gd news .       The PE teacher said that ding mrning exercise is useful t ur health .
2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）
1) He will g t Hng Kng . (will g)2) He is sick. (is)3) He is reading a bk . (is reading)4) He has finished his wrk. (has finished)
1) He t Hng Kng ( will g ).
2) He sick. ( is)3) He a bk . 4) He
was reading
had finished
(is reading)
(has finshed)
确定从句的时态(根据主句时态)
从 句 时 态
if／whether（一般疑问句 ）
特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句)
主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态
宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序
客观真理 自然现象公式定理 名言警句 时态不变
知识点一： 不能省略that的情况在that引导的宾语从句中，连接词that只起引导作用，无具体意义，不在从句中充当任何成分，因此在口语或者非正式的文体中常可省略。但是在下列情况中不能省略： (1)句中出现两个或两个以上的由that引导的宾语从句时。由并列连词连接的两个或多个that引导的宾语从句，只有第一个从句中的that可以省去，其余并列宾语从句中的that都要保留。eg: He said (that) he had finished reading the nvel and that he wuld brrw anther ne. 他说他已经读完了这本小说，想再借一本。eg: He said (that) the film was excellent and that he wanted t see it nce again. 他说这部电影很好，他想再看一次。
(2)that从句中又有其他从句时。 eg: I am afraid that if yu've lst it,yu must pay fr it.我担心如果你弄丢了它，你必须赔偿。eg: He tld us that, if we culd all cme t help ut,the whle situatin wuld be getting better.他告诉我们说，如果我们全部能够来帮忙，整个局势将会好转。
(3)it作形式宾语代替that引导的宾语从句时，不能省略that。eg: We tk it fr granted that they wuld help us.我们想当然地以为他们会帮助我们。 eg:We have made it clear that we will learn t deal with varius difficult prblems. 我们已经表明，我们将学会处理各种难题。这里it为形式宾语 从句为真正的宾语
(4)当宾语从句的主语是this,that或者被this,that修饰时。eg: He said that this bk was very useful.他说这本书非常有用。eg: The teacher said that that wrd was wrng.老师说那个单词错了。
(5)当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时。eg:He tld me that he wuld put sme signs n the envelpe.他告诉我说，他会在信封上做上标记。eg:I want t tell yu that this prblem is very cmmn.我想告诉你，这个问题非常普遍。
6)当宾语从句前有插入语时。eg: We hpe, n the cntrary, that he will stay at hme.恰恰相反，我们希望他和我们待在家里。eg: They tld us nce again that this wuld never happen.他们再次告诉我们这种事情不会发生。
知识点2：只用 whether 不用 if的情况1、引导介词后的宾语从句时。eg: It depends n whether it will snw tmrrw.这取决于明天是否会下雪。eg: I'm interested in whether he likes English.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。2、与r nt连用时。eg: I asked yur secretary whether she culd cme r nt.我问你的秘书她是否能来。eg:Let me knw whether he has passed the exam r nt.让我知道他是否已经通过了考试。
3、与不定式连用时。eg: I really dn't knw whether t accept r refuse.我真的不知道是接受还是拒绝。eg:Next Mnday the teacher will tell us whether t have a test.下周一老师会告诉我们是否考试。4、有些动词，如leave,put,discuss,dubt等后的宾语从句常whether引导。eg: We're discussing whether we shuld grup these three cmpanies.我们现在正在讨论是否应该合并这三家公司。eg: I dubt whether he will keep his prmise.我怀疑他能否信守诺言。
5、宾语从句前置，置于句首时。eg: Whether they can cme here n time,we dn't knw.他们能否按时到这里，我们不知道。eg: Whether they will jin in the camp, I dn't care.我不在乎他们是否回来参加野营。
注意在用if会引起歧义时也只能用whether。eg:Please tell me if yu need help.这句话有两种意思：“如果你需要帮助，请告诉我。”或者“告诉我你是否需要帮助。”如果表达第二种意思，只能用whether。
知识点3：宾语从句的否定转移 宾语从句中，若主语是第一人称I/we，主句谓语动词是表示“想，认为”等意义的动词，如think,believe, imagine, suppse, expect, guess等，且主句的时态是一般现在时时，若后面的从句是否定意义时，从句的否定一般要转移到主句中。其反意疑问句的人称和时态一般与宾语从句一致。eg: We think yu can't play the guitar.→ We dn't think yu can play the guitar. eg: He desn't think that he is fit fr the jb.→He thinks that he isn't fit fr the jb.eg: I dn't believe that's his fault, ?我认为这不是他的过错，是不是？
我们认为你不会弹吉他。
他认为他不适合这件工作。
附加疑问句的主谓与从句一致
重点提醒在宾语从句中，否定前移的句子翻译成汉语时，要否定后移。如果宾语从句中含有否定意义的副词或者形容词，如hardly，never, seldm, n, few,little等，其反意疑问句要用肯定形式。eg: We find that he seldm ges t visit his teacher, des he?我们发现他很少去看望他的老师，是吗？
知识点4： 宾语从可的间化(1)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hpe,wish, decide, agree,chse 等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。eg: I hpe that I can receive yur letter.=I hpe t receive yur letter.我希望能收到你的信。eg: She agreed that she culd help me with my math.=She agreed t help me with my math.她同意帮助我学数学。
(2)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是knw,remember, frget,learn等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。eg: She desn't knw what she culd d next.=She desn't knw what t d next.她不知道下一步该做什么。eg: He desn't remember hw he can sing this sng.=He desn't remember hw t sing this sng.他不记得这首歌如何唱了。
(3)当主句的谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语+宾语补足语”结构，宾语补足语为不带t的不定式或者动词-ing形式。eg: She fund the wallet was lying n the grund.=She fund the wallet lying n the grund.她发现钱包在地上。宾语+宾语补足语eg: I saw sme children were playing in the park.=I saw sme children playing in the park.我看到一些孩子们在公园玩耍。宾语+宾语补足语
(4)宾语从句也可以简化为名词或名词短语。eg: I dn't believe what the girl said.=I dn't believe the girl's wrds.我不相信那个女孩所说的话。
注意宾语从句还可以简化为“it+形容词+不定式短语”的形式。eg: I fund that it was difficult t learn English well.=l fund it difficult t learn English well.我发现学好英语是困难的。
牛刀小试1 When the teacher asked the kids they needed mst, they said they wanted t feel imprtant and lved. A.what B.why C.that D.which2 We haven't settled the questin f it is necessary fr him t study abrad. A.if B.where C.whether D.that3 We will plant trees tmrrw, and I dn't knw Tm will cme and jin us. A.if B.which C.what D.where
1 My father tld me light much faster than traveling B.will travel C.traveled D.travels2 —Culd yu tell me last night?—Er, I was watching TV at yu were ding B.what were yu ding C.what yu are ding D.what are yu ding
3 In the UK, a wman usually desn't like t be asked hw much has weighed B.is she weighedC.she weighed D.she weighs4 He wanted t knw the English will we have B.when we will haveC.when wuld we have D.when we wuld have
1、 —Can yu guess the new schlbag yesterday? —Srry, I've n much did he pay fr B.hw much he spent C.hw much he paid fr D.hw much did he spend2、 I Mary and Jane gd at ;isn't B.dn't think; isC.think;aren't D.dn't think; are
3、 I was tld Bill Gates was thirteen he began t play with hw B.when thatC.that when D.hw that4、 He tld us where a picnic was nt decided yet. A.having B.t have C. have D.had
Ⅰ.Find ut the mistakes and crrect them.1 Culd yu tell me where d they live? 2 She knew that Danny is a student.3 He tld me that winter was clder than autumn. 4 D yu knw wh car it is?
1.Miss Zhang asked me why was I late fr schl.
__________________________________________
Miss Zhang asked me why I was late fr schl.
2.Father tld me the sun always rse in the east.
Father tld me the sun always rises in the east.
3.He desn’t knw that when she can cme back.
He desn’t knw when she can cme back.
Which ne is Harry Prter ?
The handsme by is Harry Prter
The by _______________________ is Harry Prter .
wh is wearing glasses
The by _______________is Harry Prter .
with glasses
一、概念:　在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子. (在句子中作定语)
Harry Prter is a smart by.
Harry Prter is a by wh has magic pwer.
句子作定语,修饰by, 叫做定语从句
which, wh, whm, whse, that，as
where, when，why
Paper cuts f animals have been fund in tmbs which date back t the time f the Nrthern and Suthern Dynasty.
I brrw the bk Sherlck Hlmes frm the library last week, which my classmates recmmend t me.
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：
I knw nthing that happened last night.
He was generus with his time, fr which I was grateful.
These are the trees which / that were planted last year.
关系代词: wh whm whse that aswhich
These are the students wh / that wn the first place last year.
引导定语从句的关系代词
as在限定性定语从句中，即可指人也可指物；在非限定定语从句中，as指代整个句子。
As is knwn t us all, China is in the east f Asia.
指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.The man wh came t ur schl is Mr. Wang. ( )2.The girl (whm) I met is Lucy. ( )3.A child whse parents are dead is called Tm. ( )4.I like the bk (which) yu bught yesterday. ( ) 5. We have fund such actrs as are suitable fr the film. ( )
（一）引导定语从句的关系代词
1. wh, whm, whse, that 用法区别.
① wh 作定语从句的主语或宾语.
The man wh is speaking at the meeting is a wrker.
The man is a wrker.
The man is speaking at the meeting.
② whm 作定语从句的宾语
The wman whm they wanted t visit is a teacher.
The wman is a teacher.
They wanted t visit the wman.
注意：在现代英语中，whm在定语从句中作宾语，可以用wh代替，但是从句中如有介词提到关系代词前，whm直接在介词后作宾语，不可用wh代替。
例：In ur class there are 46 students, f whm half wear glasses. (四川高考)
③ that 可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.
The wman (whm / that) they wanted t visit is Dili Reba.
The man wh / that is speaking at the meeting is Cai Xukun.
That即可指人也可指物，指人时可与wh, whm互换，指物时可以与which互换。That在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作宾语时，可以省略。
That is the place (which / that) all f us are eager t visit.
④ whse 作定语从句的定语 (whse既可以指人，也可以指物).
I knw the girl whse mther is a teacher.
I knw the girl.
The girl’s mther is a teacher.
I have a bk whse cver is yellw.
Whse可以由什么替代？
f whm 或f which
wh / that 作主语. (不能省)
This is the film star.The film star is very ppular in China.
This is the film star wh is very ppular in China. (作主语)
wh / whm / that 作宾语：( 可省略)
The by is my friend.I ‘m lking fr the by
The by ( wh/ whm/ that ) I ‘m lking fr is my friend.
先行词与从句的主语构成从属关系
= f which the dr
= the dr f which
They live in a huse whse dr is blue.
eg: 他们住在一间门是兰色的房子里。
= f whm the daughter
= the daughter f whm
eg: He is the lawyer whse daughter went abrad.
2. which, that 的用法
which 作定语从句的主语或宾语.
I like the bk (which / that) yu bught yesterday.
This is a truck which / that is made in China.
Which先行词指物或一句话，which在定从中作主语、宾语。在限定性定语从句中可以与that互换。
He was late again, which made the teacher very unhappy.
作主语，指代前面整个句子
3. 只能用that的情况
① 序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时
Tm is the cleverest by that I have ever knwn.
This is the first play that I have seen since I came here.
③　everything, smething, nthing, all, anything, little, much等不定代词作先行词时
Everything that we saw in this film was true.
②先行词被every, sme, n, all, any, little, much等词修饰时。
I’ve read all the bks that yu lend me.
④ 先行词被the nly, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
This is the very bk that belngs t him.
⑤ 主句已有wh或which时
Wh is the girl that is standing under the tree?Which is the machine that we used last Sunday.
⑥ 当先行词同时指人和物时
I’ve never heard f the peple and things that yu talked abut just nw.
3. 只能用which的情况
1. The vcal cncert f Deng Ziqi was put ff, that astnished me.
2. This is a huse in that Wang Yib nce lived.
3. Here is the English grammar bk which, as I’ve tld yu, will help yu imprve yur English.
4. What’s that that flashed thrugh the sky just nw?
1.在非限制性定语从句中用which,不用that.
2.当关系代词中有介词时，用which不用that.
3.当先行词后面有插入语时，用which不用that.
4.当先行词本身就是that时，用which不用that.
4.关系代词前有介词时 (介词提前) .指人只用whm, 指物只用which
This is the by with whm he talked. This is the ring n which she spent 1000 dllars.
1.The girl __________is standing next t ur teacher is her daughter.2. The girl _________________ur teacher is talking with is a famus singer.3. The girl________ mther is a teacher can speak English very well.4. I can’t find the bk ____________is brrwed frm the library.5. I can’t find the bk ________________yu lent t me.
(wh/whm/that)
(that/which)
巩固练习： 用适当的关系词填空
巩固练习2：用适当的关系词填空
1.The reasn she gives fr nt cming t the party is nt B.why C.when shuld learn frm thse are always ready t help B.whm C.they D.that
3. Li Mei is the student handwriting is the best in ur B.whm C.wh D.that4. —D yu knw the man came here yesterday?—Yes, he brught me the mst interesting bk I had wanted t ;which B.wh; thatC.whm;which D.what; that
1. We will never frget the day she went B.that C.which D.what2. I've becme gd friends with several f the students in my schl I met in the English speech cntest last year. A.wh B.where C.when D.which3. Is that the reasn yu are in favr f the prpsal? A.which B.what C.why D.fr that4.This is the schl I studied three years ag. A.where B.when C.that D.which
1. This is all she said abut B.which C.what D.that2. It is the third time that she has wn the race, has surprised us B.where C.which D.what3. Can yu lend me the bk the ther yu talked B. that yu talkedC.abut that yu talked D. yu talked abut4 In ur class there are 46 students, half wear glasses. A.f whm B. in them C.in whm D. f them
状语从句在句子中作状语。状语从句可以表示条件、时间、比较、原因、让步、结果和目的等。
1. Hw abut meeting again at six?2.Last night she didn’t g t the dance party because f the rain.3.I shall g there if it desn’t rain. 4.Mr Smith lives n the third flr. 5.She put the eggs int the basket with great care.
1. 引导时间状语从句的连词
2. when，while，as引导时间状语从句的区别 when，while，as显然都可以引导时间状语从句，但用法区别非常大。 ① when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。 Why d yu want a new jb when yu’ve gt such a gd ne already? （get为短暂性动词）Srry, I was ut when yu called me. （call为短暂性动词）Strike while the irn is ht. （is为延续性动词，表示一种持续的状态）The students tk ntes as they listened. （listen为延续性动词）
② when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。 a. 从句动作在主句动作前发生，只用 when。 When he had finished his hmewrk, he tk a shrt rest. （finished先发生）When I gt t the airprt, the guests had left. （gt t后发生）b. 从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动作为延续性动词时，when，while，as都可使用。 ①When / While / As we were dancing, a stranger came in. （dance为延续性动词）②When / While / As she was making a phne call, I was writing a letter. （make为延续性动词）c. 当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用 as。这时，as常表示＂随着……＂ ＂一边……，一边……＂之意。 As the time went n, the weather gt wrse. The atmsphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases. As years g by, China is getting strnger and richer. The little girls sang as they went. The sad mther sat n the radside, shuting as she was crying.
d. 在将来时的从句中，常用when，且从句要用一般时代替将来时。 Yu shall brrw the bk when I have finished reading it. When the manager cmes here fr a visit next week, I’ll talk with him abut this. ③ when用于表示＂一……就……＂的句型中（指过去的事情）。 sb. had hardly（＝scarcely）dne sth. when. . . ＝Hardly / Scarcely had sb. dne sth. when... I had hardly / scarcely clsed my eyes when smene kncked at the dr. ＝Hardly / Scarcely had I clsed my eyes when smene kncked at the dr. I had hardly / scarcely entered my rm when the telephne rang. ＝Hardly / Scarcely had I entered my rm when the telephne rang. f. while的其他用法： 表示对比或转折,意为"而;然而"。此时,while一般位于句中。如: Sme peple waste fd while thers haven't enugh. Yu like sprts, while I prefer music.
3. 比较until和till 此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是＂做某事直至某时＂，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是＂直至某时才做某事＂。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。 肯定句：I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。 Wait till I call yu. 等着我叫你。 （在肯定句中可用befre代替。例如：Let’s get in the wheat befre the sun sets.） 否定句：She didn’t arrive until 6 ’clck. Dn’t get ff the bus until it has stpped. I didn’t manage t d it until yu had explained hw.
区别： （1）until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。 Until yu tld me, I had heard nthing f what happened. （2）until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。—Until when are yu staying? —Until next Mnday. 注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。 （3）Nt until...在句首，主句用倒装。 Nt until the early years f the 19th century did man knw what heat is. Nt until I began t wrk did I realize hw much time I had wasted.
区别： （4）It is nt until... that... It was nt until I began t wrk that I realized hw much time I had wasted. （5）表示＂一……就……＂的结构 hardly/scarcely... when/befre, n sner... than 和as sn as都可以表示＂一……就……＂的意思。 I had hardly / scarcely gt hme when it began t rain. 刚回家，就下起雨来了。 I had n sner gt hme than it began t rain. As sn as I gt hme, it began t rain. 注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或n sner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构。 Hardly / Scarcely had I gt hme when it began t rain. N sner had I gt hme than it began t rain.
时间状语从句的时态问题：在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句如果使用一般将来时态，从句使用一般现在时表示将来，即所谓的＂主将从现＂。As sn as I arrive in Beijing, I will ring yu up. Yu’ll fall behind the thers unless yu study hard. 主句是一般过去时，从句也要用一般过去时。（主过从过）如：When he was seven years ld, he culd swim. She turned ff the light befre she left the ffice.
条件状语从句，即在某种条件下，一件事情可能发生。在英语中由连接词if或unless等引导的状语从句叫作条件状语从句。条件是指某一件事情实现之后（状语从句中），一件事情（主句）才能发生，通常译作＂假如，只要，如果＂等意思。条件状语从句中，主从句的时态要遵循＂主将从现＂的原则。即，主句是将来时态时，从句用一般现在时代替将来时态。引导条件状语从句的连词或词组有：if(如果)，unless(除非)，as lng as(只要)，n cnditin that (在..条件下)等。如果主句是将来时，条件状语从句也用一般现在时来表示。如：I will stay at hme if it rains tmrrw. Yu can’t learn English well unless yu wrk hard.
if 条件句的时态搭配
（1）if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。 If he runs he’ll get there in time. 如果他用跑的，他就会及时赶到那儿。 The cat will scratch yu if yu pull her tail. 如果你拉猫的尾巴，它就会抓你。 （2）if从句用一般现在时，主句用may/might/can。 If the fg gets thicker the plane may/might be diverted. 如果雾再大一些，飞机可能就会改在别的机场降落。 If it stps snwing we can g ut. 如果雪停了，我们就可以出去。 如果你想减肥，你必须少吃面包。 （3）if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般现在时。 客观事实、真理If yu heat ice it turns t water. (也可用will turn)如果把冰加热，它就会化成水。
2.If条件句的同义句：祈使句，and /r+将来时态的陈述句。 Wrk hard, and yu will make great prgress.= If yu wrk hard, yu will make great prgress. Hurry up, r yu will be late.=If yu dn’t hurry up, yu will be late.
英语里可以用t，in rder t，s as t，s that，in rder that来表示目的。1. t，in rder t，s as t引导目的状语短语，构成简单句。He has t earn lts f mney in rder t/t/s as t raise his family.2. s that，in rder that引导目的状语从句，构成复合句，并且从句中谓语动词常与can，culd，may，might等情态动词连用。Speak clearly s that/in rder t everybdy can understand yu.
目的状语从句 结果状语从句
3. 目的状语从句与结果状语从句
3. s thats that既可以引导目的状语从句又可以引导结果状语从句。引导目的状语从句时译为＂为了＂，引导结果状语从句时可译为＂以便＂。He wrked hard at his lessns s that he culd gain high grades in the exams.He wrked hard at his lessns, s that he gained high grades in the exams.s that引导目的状语从句时，表示＂以便，为了＂，从句中常使用can，culd，may，might，will，wuld，shuld等情态动词或助动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用can和may等词。He has t earn s lts f mney s that he can buy his children nice fd and clthes.
4. 在句型中，such修饰名词，意思是＂如此……以至于……＂，引导四种不同的句子结构。（1）such+ a(n)+形容词+单数名词+that从句This is such a gd bk that all f us like it very much. 这是一本很好的书，我们大家都喜欢读它。（2）such+形容词+复数名词+that从句They are such gd students that the teacher likes them. 他们都是很好的学生，老师喜欢他们。（3）such+（形容词）+不可数名词+that从句It was such fime weather yesterday that we went swimming.昨天天气很好，我们去游泳了。（4）ne（n，any，all，many，sme，several等）+such+可数名词+that从句There are many such gd bks that I can’t decide which ne t chse. 有这么多的好书，我无法决定选择哪一本。
5. 句型中的s是副词，常用来修饰形容词或副词，意思是＂如此/这么……以至于……＂。（1）常用句型：主语+谓语+s+adj./adv.+that从句The by ran s fast that I culdn’t catch him. 这个男孩跑得太快了以至于我追不上他。（2）s+形容词+ a(n)+单数名词+that从句She made s gd a meal that we all ate far t much. 她做的饭菜那么好吃，结果我们都吃得太多了。（3）s+many/much few/little（少）+名词+that从句当名词前有many、much、few、little（少）等词修饰时，句子中要用而不能用。There was s little water in the jar that it was nt enugh fr all f us. 缸里的水太少了，不够我们这些人用。注意：当little的意思是＂小＂时，仍用。
6. 用in rder that引导：in rder that的意思是＂为了＂。He is wrking hard in rder t pass the examinatin.=He is wrking hard in rder that he can pass the examinatin. 7. 用in case引导：in case此时的意思是＂以防＂＂以备＂。I always keep a bttle f wine by in case friends call rund. 我平时总存着一瓶酒以备朋友来时喝。注意：in case引导目的状语从句与引导条件状语从句时的意思不一样。8. 在目的状语从句中也有这样一个引导词——in rder that，容易与它混淆的词组是in rder t，后者并不能引导状语从句。下面看一下两者有哪些具体差别。首先要注意的是，in rder that与in rder t译文相同，都译作＂为了……＂，不同之处在于：in rder that+从句；in rder t+动词原形。in rder that+从句构成目的状语从句，表明主句行为目的；in rder t+动词原形构成目的状语，不成从句。I get up early in rder that I can catch the early bus.I get up early in rder t catch the early bus.
比较状语从句常用的连接词有as … as 和(nt) s … as等。如：Mrs Smith is as friendly as Mr Smith (is).Jane des nt sing s well as her elder sister (des).
原因状语从句常用的连接词有because, as，fr和since等。如：Tm was late fr schl this mrning because he didn’t catch the early bus.I can’t g t Beijing n business as my mther is ill.Since all f us agree abut this plan, we will carry it ut next week.It’s ging t snw, fr it’s getting clder and clder.
注意：在这三个连接词中，because语气最强,最直接的原因，since（众所周知的原因）次之，as最弱；fr（推测出的原因），不能放于句首。because, as, since引导的从句可在主句前面或后面。此外，他们不能与s出现在同一句中。
让步状语从句常用的连接词有althugh, thugh等。如：Althugh/Thugh I gave him sme advice, he didn’t take it. Althugh/Thugh he wrked hard, he still failed the Maths exam.
注意：althugh 和thugh的用法相近，都不可与but连用，但可与still, yet等连用。
even if, even thugh 的用法even if,even thugh 表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使”。even if更强调对“假设”的让步，even thugh 更加强调对“既成事实”的让步。eg: We'll make a trip even thugh the weather is bad.即使天气糟糕，我们也要旅行。eg: Even thugh he is 20,he is still like a little child.虽然他现在20岁了，但是他仍然像个小孩子。
疑问词-ever类的用法在英语中“疑问词-ever”可用作表示具有强烈意义的疑问词，也可引导名词性从句，还可引导让步状语从句。这类词在引导让步第 状语从句时可换成“n matter+相应的疑问词”，但在引导名词性16 从句时不可以。 eg: Whenever I am unhappy, it is my friend wh cheers me up.=N matter when I am unhappy, it is my friend wh cheers me up. 不管什么时候我不高兴，总是我的朋友使我快乐起来。 eg: I will wait fr yu hwever late it is. =I will wait fr yu n matter hw late it is.不管有多晚，我都会等着你。
在句子中作方式状语的从句称为方式状语从句。方式状语从句首，这时as从句带有比喻一般位于句尾，有时位于句中。引导方式状语从句的从属连词主的含义，意思是“正如…….…要有as(像，如同),as if/as thugh(好像)等。 就像”，多用于正式文体。as的用法as引导方式状语从句，意为“按……的方式，如同”。eg: Will yu d the experiment as I am ding?请按照我做的方法做这个实验好吗？eg: Leave the children as they are.让孩子们随便吧。
as if/as thugh的用法 注意两者引导的方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或者具有很大的 可能性时，通常用陈述语气；如果从句表示的情况不是事实，而 是主观的想象，则用虚拟语气。eg: He glanced abut as if/thugh he was in search f smething. 请他四处看了看，好像在找什么东西。eg: It lks as if thugh it were ging t rain.
除 as, as if, as thugh 以外，the way 也可以引导方式状语从句。
eg:Please prnunce the wrd the way I d.
主从复合句中考真题练习
1. The bk is excellent. Culd yu tell me________ ?where did yu buy it B. where yu bught itC. Where d yu buy it D. where yu buy it
2. -- Tm, I went t the party yesterday evening. -- Oh, I want t knw _____ at the party. wh d yu meet B. wh yu meet C. wh did yu meet D. wh yu met
3. We’re discussing why _______ fr ur health. A. are fast fd bad B. fast fds are bad C. fast fd is bad D. is fast fd bad
1.Tm rushed int the huse his mther was B.befre C.while D.after2. —What's yur plan fr the summer hlidays? —I'll g t Beijing the schl term rder that B.s that C.as sn as D.even thugh3. Sme peple wn't realize the imprtance f their health they have lst B.when C.until D.as
4.—D yu knw if we t the z next Saturday. —I think we will g if we much g; dn't have B.will g; wn't haveC.g; dn't have D.g;wn't have5.—We can't be successful we keep n wrking hard. —I agree with B.because C.unless D.until
6.The crps failed it didn't rain fr a lng time. A.when B.thugh C.until D.because7. He fund it increasingly difficult t read, his eyesight was beginning t B.fr C.but D.s
8. Maria is always plite t everyne and she is a sweet girl all f us really like ; as B. t; tC.s; that D. such; that9.A snake bit him he went t see a dctr at nce. A.if B.where C.because D.s
10. the text is shrt and there are n new wrds in it,but it is nt easy t B.And C.Fr D./11.When the accident happened,he cried fr help nbdy B.r C.but D.when