2022年中考英语语法形容词与副词专项讲解与练习一

这是一份2022年中考英语语法形容词与副词专项讲解与练习一，文件包含形容词与副词语法练习一答案docx、形容词与副词语法练习一docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共16页， 欢迎下载使用。
Part 1 形容词
一、定义及作用
形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。
Lucy is a clever girl .（作定语）
Lucy is clever.（作表语）
The rich shuld help the pr. (作主语)
二、形容词的分类及用法
1.形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
大多数以a开头的形容词常放在系动词后做表语（给LV做装饰）
例如：well，ill，afraid，alike，alive，alne，asleep，awake
2.叙述形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。
（错）He is an ill man.
（对）He is ill.
（错）She is an afraid girl.
（对）The girl is afraid.
3）形容词在修饰smene, smebdy, smething, anyne, anybdy, anything, nbdy, nthing等不定代词时，需要置于其后。想一想，什么是不定代词呢？
如：smething nice
I have smething imprtant t tell yu ..我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。
There is smething wrng with my bike我的自行车出了点问题。
Exercise 1
1. ---Where wuld yu like t g?
---Warm places! Yu knw, I dn’t like t g ___.
A. cld smewhereB. cld anywhereC. smewhere cldD. anywhere cld
2. He has ___________ t tell us.
A. smething imprtant B. imprtant smething C. anything useful D. useful nthing
3. Yur classrm is s dirty. Everyne shuld keep it ______.
A. dry B. pen C. clean D. quiet
4. ---Where did yu g n hliday this summer? England?
---Yu are _________. We went n a 10-day tur t Paris.
A. funny B. right C. cl D. clse
2. 以-ly结尾的形容词
1） 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。如happily, heavily. 但有些以ly结尾的单词如 friendly，deadly，lvely，lnely，likely，lively，ugly，brtherly，仍为形容词。
改错：(错） She sang lvely.
（错） He spke t me very friendly.
（对） Her singing was lvely.
（对） He spke t me in a very friendly way.
2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。
daily，weekly，mnthly，yearly，early
The Times is a daily paper.
The Times is published daily.
3．用形容词表示类别和整体
1） 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the pr，the blind，the hungry
The pr are lsing hpe.
2） 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。
the British，the English，the French，the Chinese.
The English have wnderful sense f humr.
4．多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：
限定词（包括冠词、人称代词、指示代词等）+大小+形状+性质或状态+颜色+年龄或新旧+材料或种类+来源+名词。
口诀法：“美小圆旧黄，中国木书房”
注：
“美”代表“描述或性质类”形容词；
“小”代表“大小、长短、高低、胖瘦类” 形容词；
“圆”代表“形状类” 形容词；
“旧”代表“新旧、年龄类” 形容词；
“黄”代表“颜色类” 形容词；
“中国”代表“来源、国籍、地区、出处类” 形容词；“
木”代表“物质、材料
a small rund table
a tall gray building
a dirty ld brwn shirt
a famus German medical schl
an expensive Japanese sprts car
There are a few big rund black new wden French tables in the rm.
Exercise 2
一、看一看下面句中形容词的用法，注意它的位置哦！并完成后面的句子。
1. It’s a cld and windy day.
2. Wuld yu like smething ht t drink?
3. The man is ill.
4. She lks very happy nw. (happily, happy)
5. He gives smething interesting t yu. (interesting, smething)
6. The ld man feels very lnely. (lnely, feel)
7. The giraffe is tall .(be, tall)
8. She is always a happy girl . (girl, happy)
二、写出下列形容词的反义词。
1. lng→ shrt slw→ quick/fast interesting→ bring
2. high→lw ugly→beautiful expensive→cheap
3. big→smallwhite→blackwet→dry
4. gd→baddifficult→easyyung→ld
5. heavy→lightfat→thinstrng→weak
6. cld→warmclean→dirtysad→happy
三、易混淆形容词
1. –ed形容词和-ing形容词
I’m interested in reading interesting bks.
我对阅读有意思的书很感兴趣
I’m excited t see the exciting mvie.
看到那部令人兴奋的电影我很兴奋。
I’m because he gives me a present.
我很惊讶，因为他给我一个令人惊讶的礼物。
I feel s because f the film.
因为这个无聊的电影，我感到很无聊。
总结：–ed类形容词用来形容人，-ing类形容词用来形容物。
2. 四好形容词
gd形容词
电影、书记等某种东西的内容好，表示人品好，善良等。
如：This is a gd bk.
fine形容词
天气好，气质好等。
如：It’s a fine day.
nice形容词
“令人喜悦的，讨人喜爱的”人、味道、言语、天气等。
如：Nice t meet yu!
well形容词、副词
形容词时指身体健康
如：--Hw are yu? --I’m very well.
副词表好
如：He can speak English well.
Exercise 3
用fine, nice, gd或well填空。
1. She is a girl. gd, nice
2. She draws . well
3. My grandpa is very strng. He feels very .gd
4. What’s the weather like tday? It’s very .nice
5. What a watch it is!nice
选词填空
1. Jim feels very excited t watch the exciting ftball match. (excitedly; excited; exciting)
2. She is surprised at the result. (surprising; surprised)
3.My mther is very strict，she makes me very tired（tired；tiring）
四、形容词的常见句式
有一些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定时。
1. 人+be+ 形容词+t d sth.
如：I’m glad t be here. 我很高兴来到这里。
我很抱歉告诉你这个坏消息。I’m srry t tell yu the bad news.
你真好，来帮助我。It’s nice f yu t help me.
他害怕晚上出去。He is afraid t g utside at night.
I’m ready t study hard. 我准备好努力学习了。
Are yu able t d it by yurself? 你能自己做好这项工作吗？
我的句子：
4. It’s + 形容词+t d sth.
It is difficult t make a perfect plan. 要做一个完美的计划很难。
学好英语是很重要的。It’s imprtant t learn English well.
说起来容易做起来难。It’s difficult t say than d.
Part 2 副词
一、定义：
副词是说明事情发生的时间、地点、程度、方式等含义，用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等的一类词，在句中可以作状语、表语、定语等。
如：Luckily, she had gt anther chance. (作状语)
Srry, I have t be ff right nw. (作表语)
Wh is the persn ver there? (作定语)
2、副词的分类和位置：
Exercise 4
一、看一看下面句中副词的用法，注意它的位置哦！并完成后面的句子。
1）They smetimes g t the party. (g, smetimes)
2）Hw d yu d it well? (Hw)
3）The little by can g there by himself. (there, g)
4）The girl studies hard nw. (hard, study)
3、区别与形容词同形的副词与带-ly 副词
一般说来，与形容词同形的副词通常表示具体情况，而带-ly 副词一般表示抽象概念
有时两者的意义相差很大，如：hard与hardly
hard做副词，意为“努力地”，而hardly意为“几乎不”。
词义辨析
hard wrk 艰难的工作
wrk hard 工作努力
He hardly wrks 几乎不工作
Hwever, I hardly have any time fr my hbbies .
.如果你努力学习，你能够回答这个问题。
4、有时副词意思相近，但是修饰的成份不同，如：very, much, very much
very, much 和very much 都有“非常”的意思。very修饰形容词、副词原级；much用于修饰比较级；very much 用于修饰动词。
He is nt very tall.
My new cmputer is much faster than the ld ne.
I miss yu very much.
判断正误
I very like English. （ ）
I like English very much. （ ） 正确
5、辨析：alne, lnely
alne做副词独自‟的意思，不含感情色彩；lnely是形容词，“寂寞“的意思，有浓厚的感情色彩。
He came alne. 他独自来的。
She has n friend and she feels lnely.她感到很孤独。
. 她独自居住，但是她不感到寂寞。
She lives alne, but she desn’t feel lnely.
Exercise 5
一 ．单项选择。
1.）We didn’t climb the muntains because it was raining .
A. badly B. hardly C. strngly D. heavily
2） He learns Russian .
A. gdB. niceC. wellD. fine
3） He wrks very . He has a rest n Sundays.
A. hard, hardlyB. hardly, hardC. hard, hardD. hardly, hardly
4.）When the famus singer started t sing, everyne began t shut very .
A. ludB. ludlyC. highD. heavily
5.）He wrks ______.
A. lne B. lnely C. alne D. Alnely
6、四大也人
Lucy has an apple. Lily has an apple, t.
Lucy desn’t have an apple. Lily desn’t have, either.
Lucy has an apple. Lily als has an apple.
Lucy has an apple and Lily has an apple as well.
t：肯定句末，逗号也人
either：否定句末，逗号也人
als：句中也人
as well：句末也人
Exercise 6
1）I'll g t see the film， .t
2）If yu dn't cme here，I shuldn't, .either
3）Jack can speak Chinese，and his brther can speak Chinese. als
4）He knws Chinese . as well
enugh足够地：名前形副后
She is ld enugh t g t schl.
I dn’t have enugh mney t buy iphne 6
Exercise 7
足够多的食物________________________足够简单________________________
足够有趣________________________ 足够快________________________
enugh fdesay enughinteresting enughfast enugh
Hw t use?
1. 形容词和副词的基本概念及用法
2. 比较特殊的几组形容词和副词
Exercise 6
选择正确的词填空。
1. The by desn’t wrk as____hard______ as the girl. (hard, hardly)
2. The ___hungry,_______ child is eating ___hungrily___. (hungry, hungrily)
3. She likes animals. I like animals , t . (t, either)
4. He desn’t want t g there nw. I dn’t want t g there, __either___. (t, either)
5. He lks ___carefully_______ at these maths prblems. (careful, carefully)
6. This ne is _much_________ better than that ne. (very, much )
7. Have yu finished yur hmewrk__yet________? (yet, already)
8. He is nt __ld enugh,________ t g t schl by himself. (ld enugh, enugh ld)
9. He can run____very______ fast. (very, much )
10. She likes the presents _very much__. (very, very much)
分类
代表副词
通常位置
例句
时间副词
nw, then, yesterday, sn
句首或句尾
Yesterday he went hme n ft.
I’m ging t g fishing tmrrw.
地点副词
here, there, dwn, everywhere, up
句首或句尾
I went t yur hme, but yu weren’t in.
频率副词
always＞usually＞ften ＞smetimes ＞seldm never
行为动词之后，be动词之前
She ften ges t mvies.
He plays basketball twice a week.
方式副词
well, fast, hard, carefully
在修饰的形容词和动词之后
I read very slwly.
He draws very well.
程度副词
very, much, even, s, t
在修饰的形容词之前
This kind f paper feels very sft.
The man is t fat.
疑问副词
hw, when, why
句首
Hw d yu get t schl?
分组
副词
意思
例句
1
clse
空间距离上近
He is sitting clse t me.
clsely
仔细地
Watch him clsely.
2
deep
深（空间深度）
He pushed the stick deep int the mud.
deeply
深深地（感情上的深度）
Even father was deeply mved by the film.
3
wide
空间宽度上宽
He pened the dr wide.
widely
广泛地，在许多地方
English is widely used in the wrld.
4
high
空间高度的高
The plane was flying high.
highly
高度，程度高
I think highly f yur pinin.