人教新目标(Go for it)版英语八年级下册 人教版初中英语八年级下册语法(课件)
展开期末复习语法并列连词01并列连词and ,but , or ,so用法 连词是连接单词、短语或者句子的一种虚词,在句中不单独做任何成分。 ①并列连词 并列句② and 并列关系 but 转折关系 or 选择关系 so 因果关系and的用法1、并列连词and意为“和,又”。①表示并列关系;②连接表示对等成分的单词、短语或者句子;③表示意思的顺延或增补。 1)Our maths teacher is kind and helpful. (连接两个形容词)2)I went to the supermarket and bought some vegetables this morning.(连接两个动词短语,表示意思的顺延,动作的先后发生)3)Her uncle gave her a new bike as her birthday present and she liked it very much. (连接两个简单句,表示意思的顺延,并列句) 2、表示条件和目的关系①Come and see my family. Go and see the pandas.② 祈使句 + and +将来时的句子Work hard, and you will get good marks. Be careful, and you will make fewer mistakes. Work hard and you’ll succeed. but的用法(1)并列连词but意为“但是”;(2)表示转折关系;(3)所连接的成分意思相反或相对。例如:1)Our school is small but beautiful. 2)The car is very old but it runs very fast.(连接两个形容词,意思相对) (4)用于not…but…,表示不是……而是……”Not you but I am wrong. (5)用在某些否定语后,表示“只……”,例如: He eats nothing but hamburgers. 他只吃汉堡包。She knows no one but you. 她只认识你。or的用法 1、并列连词or意为“或者”,表示选择关系 (1)Which do you like better, juice or milk? (连接两个名词)(2)Do you often go to school on foot or by bike?(连接两个介词短语) (3)You can stay here, or you can leave. (连接两个简单句) 2、在否定句中否定并列成分时,用or,而不用and。例如: I can’t speak English or French.3、“祈使句+or+将来时的句子”结构用句型。句型中,or意为“否则”,祈使句相当于一个条件。Put on your coat, or you will catch a cold. =If you don’t put on your coat, you will catch a cold.so的用法 1、常用来连接两个简单句,这两个简单句有意思上的因果关系。 The rain began to fall, so we went home. 2、so和because不能一起连用。3、他病了,没去上学。 (1)He didn’t go to school because he was ill.(2)He was ill, so he didn’t go to school. 基本句型02 英语简单句五种基本句型 词类及基本用法 英语句子长短简繁不一,表面上似乎难以捉摸,但可以从实质上发现其内在联系,找出其共同规律。即可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。基本句型一:S +V (主+谓)基本句型二:S +V +P (主+谓/系+表)基本句型三:S +V +O (主+谓+宾)基本句型四:S +V +InO +DO (主+谓+间宾+直宾)基本句型五:S +V +O +OC (主+谓+宾+宾补)各种词类及其在句子中的作用: 1. Nouns (n.) 名词:作主语(S),宾语(O),表语(P)等 2. Verbs (v.) 动词 :作谓语(V) ( vt. 及物动词 / vi. 不及物动词)八年级英语期末复习3. Pronouns (pron.) 代词:作主语,宾语,表语等e.g. Kate has a piano. She likes it very much. ____ S ___V _______ O ___ S ___ V __O 4. Adjectives (adj.) 形容词:作定语(At.) 表语 (P) e.g. The overcoat is very beautiful. This is a very beautiful overcoat.5. Adverbs (adv.) 副词:作状语(Ad.)(At.)(P) 6. Numerals (num.) 数词: 作定语,表语,主语等e.g., Twenty-five(desks)______(be)enough.7. Articles (art.) 冠词: 一般不单独构成句子成分 is8. Prepositions (prep.) 介词(in, at, on, …)和介词短语:作状语 (Ad.),表语等e.g., We can see the bike under the tree. 9. Conjunctions(conj.)连词( and, or, but, so…):一般不构成成分,仅起连接作用10. Interjections ( interj.) 感叹词 (ah, oh, yeah…)一般不构成成分,起加强语气作用 英语简单句五种基本句型五种句型基本句型 一S(subject) +V(verb)(主+谓) 特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 e.g., His words works. SV基本句型 二S +V +P(主+系+表)特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做(连)系动词。系动词可分四类:1)be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用,后可接动词外的任何词;2)感官动词类 look, feel, smell, taste, sound等+adj. 3)表示变化:get, grow, become, turn, go等+adj. 4)表示状态延续:stay, keep等+adj. S V (link-V.) P This is an English dictionary. Everything looks different. 基本句型 三S +V +O(主+谓+宾)特点:谓语动词都是实义动词,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。 e.g., We like the movie. S Vo S V (Vt.) O She often helps her mother.2. I want a cup of tea. 基本句型 四 S +V + InO + DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常可改为: S + V + DO + prep. + InOe.g., She gave me an apple. =She gave an apple to me. S V (Vt.) InO DO She passed him a new dress. John told me his idea. 基本句型 五S +V +O +OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)特点:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。e.g., We made him the manager. SVOOC1. We keep the table clean. S V (Vt.) O OC2. He asked me to come back soon. 典例分析03同一个动词使用的句型也不尽一样,因此在学习动词时,应掌握动词的类型。以 get 为例: He’s getting angry. (S V P) You’ll get a surprise. (S V O) He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C)在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:I found the book easily.我很容易地找到了这本书。 ( S V O )I found the book easy. 我觉得这本书很容易。 (S V O C)课堂作业04一、单项选择1、—Which of those radios sounds ________? —The smallest one. A. good B. well C. better D. best 2、Grandma, you must feel ________ after cleaning the house. Let’s take a rest. A. tired B. well C. good D. angry DA3、—What is Mum cooking in the kitchen? —Fish, I guess. How nice it _________! A. looks B. sounds C. tastes D. smells 4、Go along(沿着) the road, _______ you’ll find the market(市场) at the end of it. A. when B. and C. or D. thoughDB5、Will Gary wait for her at home ______ at the library? A. or B. as C. and D. both6、Study hard, ______ you will fall behind. A. and B. but C. so D. orAD16、—I don’t like chicken _______ fish. —I don’t like chicken, _______ I like fish very much. A. and; and B. and; but C. or; but D. or; andC二、写出下面句子的句子类型1、Plants need water. ______________________________2、The flower is so fresh. __________________________3、He gives me some seeds. _________________________4、We should keep the plants in the shade. ________________________S + V + O S + V + P S + V + In O + DO S + V + O + OCTHANK YOU
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