牛津译林版选择必修性必修第三册UNIT3Back to the past预习新知早知道1学案

这是一份牛津译林版选择必修性必修第三册UNIT3Back to the past预习新知早知道1学案，共8页。
UNIT 3 Back to the pastⅠ.匹配词义A．单词匹配(　　)1.depart　　　　 A．加强，增强(　　)2.financial B．不足，短缺(　　)3.captain   C．装上，装入；负载；承载量；大量(　　)4.breadth D．证据，证明(　　)5.load   E．不予考虑，对……不屑一提； 去除，摒除；解雇；解散(　　)6.strengthen   F．宽度；广泛(　　)7.dismiss   G．随后的，后来的(　　)8.proof   H．船长，机长；上校；队长(　　)9.shortage   I．connected with money and finance(　　)10.subsequent   J．to leave a place，especially to start a trip[答案]　1—5　JIHFC　6—10　AEDBGB．短语匹配(　　)1.set sail　　　　 A．有助于(　　)2.on behalf of B．坚持(　　)3.as far as   C．在远处(　　)4.pass on D．不管，不顾(　　)5.be loaded with   E．启航；开船(　　)6.insist on   F．远到……(　　)7.in panic   G．代表(或代替)；为了帮助；为了(　　)8.in the distance   H．传递(　　)9.contribute to   I．被装满(　　)10.regardless of   J．惊慌；恐慌[答案]　1—5　EGFHI　6—10　BJCADⅡ.默写单词1．convince vt.　　 使确信，使相信；说服，劝说2．chart vt.   绘制区域地图；记录，跟踪n.   图表；(the charts)排行榜；海图3．harmonious adj.   友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的4．acknowledge vt.   承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)； (公开)感谢5．influential adj.   有很大影响力的，有支配力的6．route n.   路线，路径；途径，渠道7．regardless adv.   不顾，不加理会8．shore n.   岸，滨9．leak vi.   漏，渗漏；渗入vt.   漏，渗露；泄露n.   漏洞10．insist vi.& vt.   坚决要求，坚持；坚持说Ⅰ.语境填空load；chart；route；acknowledge；breadth；shortage；dismiss；insist；panic；proof1．An earthquake hit the capital，causing panic among the population.2．Motorists are advised to find an alternative route．3．We insist on the highest standards at all times.4．I did not acknowledge that he had done anything wrong.5．These results are a further proof of his outstanding ability.6．He was so irresponsible that I decide to dismiss him.7．The women came down the hill with their loads of firewood.8．She estimated the breadth of the lake to be 500 metres.9．Each colour on the chart represents a different department.10．A shortage of funds is preventing the UN from monitoring relief.Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词1．The exercises are designed to strengthen(strength) your stomach muscles.2．It is a harmonious(harmony) community where pupils are happy and industrious.3．She is one of the most influential(influence) figures in local politics.4．Quite apart from all the work，he had financial(finance) problems.5．There is no shortage(short)of things to do in the town.6．A kingdom(king)is a country ruled by a king or queen.1．A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas，with almost 28，000 people on board，which was a splendid scene.一支由200多艘船只组成的船队在蓝色的海上航行，船上有28 000人，场面十分壮观。2．According to some records，the largest ships were over 140 metres in length，demonstrating the advanced technology and special skills used in constructing ships.根据一些记录可知，船队中最大的船只长度超过140米，显示了建造船只的先进技术和特殊技能。3．Zheng He's efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions，exposing foreign people to Chinese culture，and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands.郑和的努力有助于发展和加强同这些国家和地区的和谐关系，使外国人了解中国文化，使中国人更好地了解海外。4．Those who make great discoveries must often overcome many challenges along the way—as was the case with the explorer Christopher Columbus.那些取得重大发现的人必须经常克服许多挑战，就像探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布那样。5．His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration，a period which witnessed many important geographical findings.他的航行揭开了探索时代的新篇章，这一时期见证了许多重要的地理发现。词语助读①set sail 启航；开船②fleet n．舰队；捕鱼船队；车队③navigate vt.航行；导航④splendid adj.壮丽的；极佳的；极好的⑤scene n．场面，场景；现场⑥in length在长度上⑦demonstrate vt.证明，论证；表露，显露⑧advanced adj.高级的；先进的⑨construct vt.建造；修造⑩on behalf of 代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了⑪load vt.& vi.装上，装入n.负载；承载量；大量⑫china n．瓷器⑬pay visits to 拜访……⑭as far as远到……；就……而言⑮compass n．罗盘，指南针；圆规⑯log n．航海日志，正式记录；原木vi.& vt.伐木⑰chart vt.绘制区域地图；记录，跟踪n.图表；(the charts)排行榜；海图⑱detailed adj.详细的，详尽的⑲have an impact on对……产生影响⑳set foot踏足；踏进legend n．传说；传奇人物pass on 传递；流传strengthen vt.& vi.加强；增强harmonious adj.友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的historian n．历史学家dismiss vt.不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散proof n．证据，证明enormous adj.巨大的；庞大的shipyard n．船坞；造船厂acknowledge vt.承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢influential adj.有很大影响力的，有支配力的overcome vt.克服；战胜insist vi.& vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说route n．路线，路径；途径，渠道continuous adj.连续的，不断的attempt n．试图；企图financial adj.财政的，金融的；财务的depart vi.& vt.离开，起程shortage n．不足，短缺leak vi.漏，渗漏；渗入 vt.漏，渗露；泄露n.漏洞grave adj.严重的；重大的panic n．惊恐，恐慌vi.& vt.(使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措regardless of不管；不顾bravery n．勇敢；勇气spot v．发现 n．斑点；污点；现场in the distance在远处；在远方convince使相信；使信服shore n．岸，滨subsequent adj.随后的，后来的contribution n．贡献witness vt.目睹；见证geographical adj.地理的；地理上的课文呈现Zheng HeIn the summer of 1405，Zheng He，one of China's greatest explorers，set sail① from Taicang on his first voyage.A fleet② of over 200 ships navigated③ the blue seas，with almost 28，000 people on board，which was a splendid④ scene⑤．[1] It would take 500 years before a larger fleet sailed the seas.According to some records，the largest ships were over 140 metres in length⑥，demonstrating⑦ the advanced⑧ technology and special skills used in constructing⑨ ships．[2][1]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子内容。[2] demonstrating...是现在分词短语作状语。Between 1405 and 1433，on behalf of⑩ the Ming Dynasty，Zheng He made a total of seven voyages.His ships were loaded⑪ with china⑫，silk，tea and other treasures as gifts to foreign rulers，and the fleet paid friendly visits to⑬ more than 30 countries and regions.He even sailed as far as⑭ the east coast of Africa.As they sailed，the navigators took compass⑮ readings，kept logs⑯ of their voyages and charted⑰ the coast．[3] Later the detailed⑱ maps became Zheng He's Navigation Map.[3]as they sailed是as引导的时间状语从句。Zheng He's seven voyages had a far­reaching impact on⑲ China and its neighbours.In the countries and regions where Zheng He set foot⑳，[4] legends㉑ have been passed on㉒ about this great explorer.Zheng He's efforts helped develop and strengthen㉓ harmonious㉔ relations with these countries and regions，exposing foreign people to Chinese culture，and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands．[5][4]where引导定语从句，修饰countries and regions。[5]exposing...和allowing...是并列状语。For many years，some historians㉕ dismissed㉖ the records of these voyages as legends.The final proof㉗ came when an enormous㉘ shipyard㉙ was discovered in Nanjing，where the fleet had been built．[6] Zheng He's accomplishments are now widely acknowledged㉚，and he is remembered as one of China's most influential㉛ explorers.[6]where引导定语从句，修饰先行词shipyard。Christopher ColumbusThose who make great discoveries must often overcome㉜ many challenges along the way—as was the case with the explorer Christopher Columbus.Columbus was born in a port city of Italy in 1451.As a teenager，he loved sailing，and he showed great interest in geography，which inspired him to begin his career as a seaman.Columbus insisted㉝ on searching for a direct sea route㉞ to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean.After continuous㉟ attempts㊱，he received financial㊲ support from the King and Queen of Spain.On 3 August 1492，he departed㊳ from Spain with three ships carrying about 90 crewmen.The journey was full of challenges：it took longer than expected，they faced a shortage㊴ of food，and one of the ships was leaking㊵ badly，which put everyone on this ship in grave㊶ danger．[7] The men on board were in panic㊷.Regardless of㊸ all the challenges，Columbus managed to keep everyone out of danger with his knowledge and bravery㊹ across the ocean.Finally，on 12 October，the crew spotted㊺ land in the distance㊻.Columbus called the natives living on the islands Indians because he was convinced㊼ that he was in the East Indies.However，the shores㊽ they had reached were of the Caribbean，not the East Indies.[7]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子。Between 1493 and 1504，Columbus found more land over the course of his three subsequent㊾ voyages.The major contribution㊿ of this great explorer is that he “discovered” the New World.His discovery inspired explorers such as Captain James Cook to explore and discover more vast areas of the world.His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration，a period which witnessed many important geographical findings.This period also allowed for an international exchange of ideas and cultures.译文参考《郑和》1405年夏天，中国最伟大的探险家之一郑和从太仓启航，开始了他的第一次航行。一支由200多艘船只组成的船队在蓝色的海上航行，船上有28 000人，场面十分壮观。要花500年才能有一支更大的舰队出海航行。根据一些记录可知，船队中最大的船只长度超过140米，显示了建造船只的先进技术和特殊技能。1405年到1433年期间，郑和代表明朝总共进行了七次航行。他的船上装载着瓷器、丝绸、茶叶等珍品，作为馈赠外国统治者的礼物，船队还对30多个国家和地区进行了友好访问。他甚至远航到非洲东海岸。当他们航行时，领航员读取罗盘读数，记录航行日志，绘制海岸图。后来详细的地图成了《郑和的航海图》。郑和的七次航行对中国及其邻国都产生了深远的影响。在郑和踏足的国家和地区，一直流传着关于这位伟大的探险家的传说。郑和的努力有助于发展和加强同这些国家和地区的和谐关系，使外国人了解中国文化，使中国人更好地了解海外。多年来，一些历史学家把这些航海记录当作传说不予理会。在建造船队的南京发现的一个巨大的造船厂最终证明了这一事实。郑和的成就现在受到广泛认可，他也作为中国最具影响力的探险家之一被世人铭记。克里斯托弗·哥伦布那些取得重大发现的人必须经常克服许多挑战，就像探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布那样。哥伦布于1451年出生在意大利的一个港口城市，十几岁时，他就喜欢航海，他对地理表现出极大的兴趣，这激励了他作为一个海员开始他的职业生涯。他的职业生涯是在他移居葡萄牙后开始的。哥伦布坚持要横渡大西洋，寻找直达东印度群岛的海上航线。经过不断的努力，他得到了西班牙国王和王后的资助。1492年8月3日，他带着三艘载有大约90名船员的船从西班牙起程。旅程中充满了挑战：时间比预期的要长，他们面临着食物短缺，其中一艘船严重漏水，这使船上的每个人都处于严重的危险之中。船上的人惊慌失措。不顾所有挑战，哥伦布设法凭借自己的知识和勇敢确保每个人都平安越过海洋。最后，在10月12日，船员们发现了远处的陆地。哥伦布称居住在群岛上的土著为印第安人，因为他确信自己在东印度群岛。然而，他们到达的是加勒比海海岸，而不是东印度群岛。1493年至1504年间，哥伦布在随后的三次航行中发现了更多的陆地。这位伟大的探险家的主要贡献是他“发现”了新世界。他的发现激励了像詹姆斯·库克船长等探险家去探索和发现世界上更广阔的地区。他的航行揭开了探索时代的新篇章，这一时期见证了许多重要的地理发现。这一时期也实现了思想和文化的国际交流。