2022年高考英语一轮复习Unit20New Frontiers单元主题语篇训练一含解析北师大版选修7

Unit 20  单元主题语篇训练

A

Zhang Zhixia is sitting in a black metal chair with her reading glasses on.She is back in class after leaving school almost five decades ago. The 62­year­old former kindergarten teacher is all ears. She is determined not to be left behind by China's technology revolution and learning with great attention.

In Zhang's lifetime, China has become one of the world's largest economies, with a population that has, for a large part, experienced the rapid pace of technological change. There are already 890 million users of mobile phone payment apps across China, for example. In urban China, many people have gone almost completely cashless, at a faster pace than many more advanced economies. Everything from coffees to cars can be purchased with a simple tap on the mobile screen. But that has left some elderly people feeling left behind.

Every week, Zhang attends “cell phone classes” run by a volunteer group, See Young, in Panzhuang, in northwestern Beijing. “I'm so eager to learn，” Zhang says. “I signed up for the class immediately and came with my phone charged to its fullest.” While Zhang has made big progress in mastering her phone, she says she still pays her hospital bills with notes. “I'm so jealous of other people. They pay with a simple scan but I need to count my notes by hand one by one，” she says.

As urban life in China increasingly includes digital life, the way of living Zhang knew for decades — shopping in stores, queuing in banks — is fading fast. “The popularity of new digital tools has a great effect on the life of the elderly，” says Lu Jiehua, a professor at Peking University. Lu says that group is sometimes referred to as “digital refugees”. Lu says that while new technologies are trying make life more convenient for people it has made things harder for some older citizens.

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。中国科技的飞速发展，特别是手机支付的普及，让人们的生活越来越便利，但是有些老人跟不上技术的发展，他们不会使用这便捷的支付方式，被称为“数字难民”。为了改变这种现状，有些老人开始了积极的学习。

1．Why is Zhang Zhixia back in class?

A．She is eager to read more books.

B．She intends to make more friends.

C．She wants to start her career again.

D．She desires to keep up with technology.

解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，她去学习就是为了让自己跟上新科技的步伐。

2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2?

A．People living in cities like to pay in cash.

B．Digital life has a large number of disadvantages.

C．China has experienced big technological changes.

D．It is hard for older citizens to accept smart phones.

解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知，中国经历了科技的飞速发展。

3．What does Zhang think of digital payment?

A．Complex.　　　　　　　 B．Convenient.

C．Safe.  D．Limited.

解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第一、二句可知，她认为电子支付很方便。

B

It may look like a giant robot but the MooVita could be the car of the future. Made by the startup MooVita, it's one of dozens of autonomous vehicles being put to the test at a special center in Singapore that aims to advance the development of self­driving car technology.

Startups from around the world are coming to the purpose­built track that recreates an urban environment over 5 acres at Singapore's Nanyang Technological University. The roads look like any other in the city, with stop lights, crosswalks and traffic signs. There's even a rain simulator (模拟装置). It's part of an effort to test how autonomous vehicles deal with all those elements.

Projects like Nanyang's test track have helped Singapore become a center for the development of self­driving vehicles. That role fits in with the city's broader push to encourage the growth of its technology and overcome some of the challenges it faces at the same time.

“Singapore is aging more rapidly and at a faster rate than anywhere else in the world, so we have a situation where, in order to provide mobility for seniors, it would be really advantageous to have such technology available，” said Subodh Mhaisalkar, the professor in charge of Nanyang's Energy Research Institute, which carries out autonomous vehicle research.

The institute's self­driving work focuses on groups like the elderly or disabled who they believe would be the first to benefit from the technology.

Autonomous vehicles are already combining with traditional cars on Singapore's roads in designated towns and zones. The Singapore government has imposed limitations to make sure things don't move ahead too fast though. Speed limits are as low as 30 kilometers per hour (19 mph), and the presence of a safety drive is required by law. Experts say Singapore is well prepared for the gradual introduction of the technology.

The MooVita, which is still in research and development, functioned much like an ordinary car on the university test track, respecting stop lights, stopping for pedestrians and taking passengers from one point to another. Cars like the MooVita will become a common sight in Singapore for carrying passengers on fixed routes in Singapore in the next few years.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了因人口老龄化严重，新加坡政府鼓励逐渐引进自动驾驶汽车技术，以给老年人和残疾人提供更多便利。

4．Why do the startups come to Singapore's Nanyang Technological University?

A．To exhibit their new cars.

B．To try out their new cars.

C．To ask professors for advice.

D．To share their technology.

解析：选B　细节理解题。第二段介绍了很多公司都到南洋理工大学建造的自动驾驶汽车全真试验轨道来进行试验。故B项是最佳答案。

5．Which of the following motivates Singapore to develop autonomous vehicles?

A．To bring in a large sum of money.

B．To promote its car industry.

C．To develop its tourism.

D．To provide travelling convenience for elders.

解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Singapore ... in order to provide mobility for seniors, it would be really advantageous to have such technology available”可知，新加坡老龄化速度很快，为了给老年人提供出行的便利，新加坡需要发展这门技术。

6．What can we conclude from the text?

A．The elders and the disabled have gained much from autonomous vehicles.

B．The technology of autonomous vehicles should be limited.

C．Autonomous vehicles will replace the traditional ones.

D．The Singapore government encourages steady development of autonomous vehicles.

解析：选D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，新加坡政府虽然鼓励引进自动驾驶汽车技术，但对其仍持谨慎态度，施加了一些限制，防止自动驾驶汽车技术发展过快。新加坡政府的态度是“the gradual introduction of the technology”，即逐渐引进这项技术。

7．What does the author think of the MooVita?

A．It is the key to solving the traffic problems in Singapore.

B．It is impossible for autonomous vehicles to be popular.

C．It is promising in the transportation of Singapore.

D．It is impractical for the complex traffic systems in Singapore.

解析：选C　观点态度题。从最后一段可知，MooVita公司的自动驾驶汽车技术仍处于研究开发和试验阶段，在未来几年，将会在新加坡的某些路线上运送乘客。所以，作者认为MooVita公司是有前景的。

C

A team of scientists found a new planet in space by accident. It was a discovery that could change science. “We hit_the_jackpot here，” said scientist Guillem Anglada­Escude about the discovery of the planet more or less like Earth that is orbiting Proxima Centauri (半人马座比邻星), the star nearest to our solar system.

What do we know about this exciting new Earth? Well, Proxima b, or “Earth Ⅱ” as you could call it, is a little bigger than our Earth, and its revolution only takes 11 days. Also, since it is so much closer to its red dwarf star than Earth to the sun, the sky there is orange without any blue at all, creating a forever sunset effect. But there are a lot of questions about life forms that could live on this new planet.

The discovery of the planet made the Chicago Tribune newspaper wonder if anyone had seen or heard of the US's space postcards from its Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 spaceship, which were pictures of a man and a woman, along with diagrams of the solar system. If there are aliens (外星人) on Proxima b, they would have found images showing the incredible diversity of Earth.

Aliens might also have heard the message from former US President Jimmy Carter：“This is a present from a small distant world ... We are attempting to survive our time so we may live into yours. We hope someday, having solved the problems we face, to join a community of galactic (银河的) civilizations. This record represents our hope and our determination, and our good will in a vast and awesome universe.”

It might not be time to plan a visit to Proxima b just yet — even if it has an atmosphere — at first, we would need to invent a way to get there in less than 78,000 years it would take at 36,000 mph (about 57,900 km/h)．

语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。科学家在太空中发现一颗大小与地球有几分相似的行星。这颗类地行星绕着半人马座比邻星距我们太阳系最近的恒星进行轨道运动。

8．What does the underlined phrase “hit the jackpot” probably mean?

A．Make a bet.　　　　　　 B．Take a risk.

C．Succeed by chance.  D．Miss the boat.

解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据第一段中的第一、二句及下文内容可知，科学家偶然发现了一颗类似地球的行星，这是一项能够改变科学的新发现。对于发现这颗行星的科学家来说，他们好像是中头奖了。hit the jackpot意为“中头奖”，在此可指“意外成功”。

9．What does the author say about Proxima b?

A．It has a shorter period of revolution.

B．It is of the similar weight to Earth.

C．It is a newly­found planet in the solar system.

D．Its sky looks orange for being closer to the sun.

解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“its revolution only takes 11 days”可知，比邻星b的公转周期仅有11天。相对于地球的公转周期(约365天)而言，比邻星b的公转周期要短得多。

10．What do President Jimmy Carter's words suggest?

A．Humans' eagerness to meet creatures from outer space.

B．The great progress made in space exploration.

C．The best wishes for America's space program.

D．Humans' determination to explore outer space.

解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第四段的内容和其中的关键信息“we may live into yours”“to join”“our determination”可知，美国前总统吉米·卡特给外星人的留言内容传递了人类探索外太空的决心。

11．What seems to be the major problem for our visit to Proxima b?

A．The lack of air on the planet.

B．Too great a distance from us.

C．Uncertainty about life forms there.

D．The glaring sunlight all years.

解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，如果人类想要探访比邻星b，需要寻找一种更快的抵达方式。人类以3.6万英里每小时(约5.79万千米/时)的速度需要7.8万年才能到达那里。由此可推知，人类探索比邻星b的最大问题是比邻星b距离我们太远。

tips 利用上下文语境猜测词义

在文章中，任何一个单词都不是孤立存在的，它总要通过上下文和其他单词有着紧密的联系(如定义、重述、举例、近义词和反义词等)，通过这些联系可以猜测出单词的意思。

有时作者在阐述某人、某物或某一现象的特点时，先是一般地或概括性地说一下，然后再作具体的说明或解释；或者反过来，先作具体的阐述，然后再进行归纳、总结。如果读者能抓住作者的思路就能从那些具体说明、解释或归纳中找出猜词的线索来。

做词义猜测题，要学会“顺藤摸瓜”和“上下取证”，即利用上下文提供的情景和线索，通过对平行结构或对应结构中的同义词、反义词等进行推断，再结合我们的生活常识和社会经验进行符合逻辑的综合分析，并依此来推测词义，切忌脱离上下文盲目猜测。

例如上文C篇阅读中的第8题，根据“hit the jackpot”的上下文可知，科学家偶然发现了一颗类似地球的行星，这是一项能够改变科学的新发现。对于发现这颗行星的科学家来说，他们好像是中头奖了。hit the jackpot意为“中头奖”，在此可指“意外成功”。