2022年高考英语一轮复习Unit22Environmental Protection单元主题语篇训练三含解析北师大版选修8

Unit 22  单元主题语篇训练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

China is set to join a growing number of countries that are taking strict measures on single­use plastic items, with multiple bans expected to come into force gradually within the next six years.

The new policy, announced Sunday, will first take effect in major cities, where many of the non­biodegradable (非生物降解的) plastics found in the world's oceans originally come.The distribution of plastic bags is supposed to stop in large Chinese cities by the end of the year, whereas smaller cities and rural areas have until 2022.Among other items are single­use straws and many disposable (一次性的)items.The effort was described as a global “war on plastic”．

Between 1950 and 2015, plastic production has risen from 2 million tons annually to 381 million worldwide, which has seen a rise in policies to reduce dependence on plastics.Extremely strict steps have been taken in many places.

Last August, the Pakistani government banned all single­use plastic bags in the country's capital region, home to some 1.5 million people.While environmental protection groups celebrated the move, industry representatives warned it would come at a huge financial cost. “They should first find new jobs for the plastic factory workers and then ban the bags，” 38­year­old fruit seller Nazeer Abbasi told The Washington Post last year.

Last spring, the European Parliament voted to ban many single­use plastic items — including plates, straws and cups — by 2021.It also voted to increase recycling targets.Many E．U.member states already have built systems to encourage customers to return plastic bottle for recycling.

语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了中国将和许多国家一起采取严格的措施控制一次性塑料制品来减少对环境的污染。

1．What are the multiple bans targeted at?

A．Recyclable glass bottles.

B．Reusable shopping bags.

C．Degradable plastic straws.

D．Disposable plastic plates.

解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“taking strict measures on single­use plastic items”可知，一次性塑料板属于被禁物品。

2．How will China carry out the new policy?

A．By banning plastics once for all.

B．By taking measures step by step.

C．By conducting it in big cities only.

D．By performing it in small cities first.

解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段和第二段可知，中国将逐步采取措施来执行新政策。

3．How does Nazeer Abbasi feel about the workers according to Paragraph 4?

A．Worried.　　　 B．Annoyed.

C．Puzzled.  D．Disappointed.

解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第四段后两句可知，他认为政府应该首先为塑料工厂的工人找到新工作，然后禁止购物袋的生产。因此Nazeer Abbasi很担心工人的生活。

4．Why does the author write this text?

A．To explain the causes of plastic pollution.

B．To offer tips about Chinese plastic production.

C．To share his own ideas about plastic recycling.

D．To introduce different bans on single­use plastics.

解析：选D　写作意图题。通读全文可知，第一段讲述了“中国将加入越来越多的对一次性塑料制品采取严格措施的国家行列中”。接下来文章的第二、第四、第五段介绍了中国、巴基斯坦和欧洲的限塑措施。因此作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍不同国家实施的对一次性塑料的禁令。

B

Many scientists are now exploring the idea of going to live on Mars.Some other scientists from the NASA Ames Research Center have already started the creation of a “Mars town” and many others are in fact already experimenting with it. Of course, these experiments are done on Earth itself, but this “Mars town” has an environment practically like that of Mars.

The astronauts working in these towns wear their spacesuits and also do everything they will really have to carry out if they go to Mars in the future.

But Mars would be like Earth, a temporary (临时的) place for humans. When the Sun starts swallowing up (吞没) the planets, Mars will disappear only hours after Earth. So Mars only seems to be the ideal place to spread the human beings. It will also be a good location to send humans if there is a disaster on Earth. By saying disaster, I mean asteroids (小行星) hitting and things like that.

If we humans do not want to disappear when Earth or Mars gets swallowed up, we will have to go and live beyond the solar system. But are there any planets outside the solar system prepared to support life? Astronomers' answer is: If Earth can support life, why can't other planets do the same too? Astronomers have already discovered a Jupiter (木星)­like planet orbiting a Sun­like star, so why not an Earth­like planet orbiting a Sun­like star?

To achieve this goal though, many other problems have to be taken into consideration. How do we transform (改造) a dusty planet like Mars into one more or less like our Earth? How should we go on it? There is still a long way to go.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。科学家们正在进行实验研究人类到火星上居住的想法，但火星也只会是人类的临时处所。要研究人类在太阳系以外的处所，还有许多问题有待解决。

5．The “Mars town” mentioned in the passage is ________.

A．a research base on Mars

B．an experimental lab built on Earth

C．a strange place on Mars

D．a town existing in scientists' imagination

解析：选B　细节理解题。由文章首段第二、三句可知，the “Mars Town”是在地球上建立的一个科学实验室，其环境极其类似于火星环境。

6．We can know from the passage that astronomers probably think ________.

A．it is impossible to transport humans to other planets

B．there may be an Earth­like planet outside the solar system

C．humans will move to the new­found Jupiter­like planet

D．there's no need for humans to move beyond the solar system

解析：选B　细节理解题。由文章第四段第二、三句可知，天文学家认为在太阳系以外的空间可能存在类似于地球的其他行星。

7．Why would Mars only be a temporary place for humans?

A．The conditions there would be too hard for human beings.

B．There would be more disasters like asteroids hitting.

C．It would disappear when Earth disappears.

D．It would be too hot to live on.

解析：选C　细节理解题。由文章第三段第一、二句可知，火星将会是人类临时的处所，其原因是当太阳开始吞噬行星时，它将会在地球被吞噬的几小时后被吞噬。

Ⅱ.短文改错

I used to be a person who hates exercising. But after I started playing baseball, I attracted by the sport. Therefore, I cut down on most of my spare time, like shopping. Though it wasn't the hard process for me, I needed to make more of an effort than others. I enjoy the feeling of work with my teammates as well as the time we spend it together. There is a proverb that goes, “The process is much beautiful than the outcome.”

I am a beginner in this sport. Sometimes people will look down on me, and it doesn't matter. It will only make me keep trying. Only with practising over and over again do I believe I can catch up with other fantastic player one day. The challenge encourages myself to go on.

答案：第一句：hates→hated

第二句：attracted前加was

第四句：the→a

第五句：work→working; 去掉it

第六句：much→more或much后加more

第八句：and→but

第十句：第一个with→by; player→players

第十一句：myself→me

Ⅲ.书面表达

假定你是李华，当前在伦敦的孔子学院(Confucius Institute)做志愿者。你的英国朋友Henry对孔子特别感兴趣，请你写封邮件邀请他参观孔子学院，要点如下：

1．简述孔子及中国文化在世界上的影响；

2．告知参观时间：11月6日(本周六)上午8点；

3．介绍参加活动：汉语班，剪纸，书法。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：剪纸paper­cutting；书法calligraphy

Dear Henry，

Yours truly，

Li Hua

参考范文：

Dear Henry，

I am glad to know that you are keen on Confucius and Chinese culture.

Confucius, whose ideas have a great impact on Chinese culture, is considered the greatest ancient educator. As an increasing number of foreigners want to learn Chinese culture, the Confucius Institutes are set up in many foreign countries.

Since I am a volunteer working in the Confucius Institute in London, I'd like to invite you to visit it at 8：00 a．m. on Saturday, November 6.

During our visit, we can attend some Chinese classes, which will be followed by some activities such as paper­cutting and Chinese calligraphy.

I sincerely hope that you will accept this invitation. Looking forward to your reply.

Yours truly，

Li Hua