2022年高考英语一轮复习Unit24Society单元主题语篇训练一含解析北师大版选修8

Unit 24  单元主题语篇训练

A

Millions of children have grown up reading Little Golden Books. In 2017, Little Golden Books celebrated its 75th birthday. Here are four things to know about the collection.

It transformed the concept of a children's book.

Previous to the launch of Little Golden Books in 1942, children's books looked very different. Kids' picture books often came in big and heavy volumes and were sold only in bookstores. They cost between D|S2 and D|S3. That all changed when Simon & Schuster partnered Western Publishing. They became affordable children's books, costing just 25 cents each. They were placed in plain sight of young readers.

It produced the top­selling children's book of the 20th century.

That book would be The Poky Little Puppy. It has sold almost 15 million copies since its publication in 1942. The tale of a dessert­loving dog wasn't the only Little Golden Books hit. Titles like The Saggy Baggy Elephant and Scuffy  the Tugboat also sold millions of copies.

Artists who fled Europe during World War Ⅱ found a home at Little Golden Books.

The publishers of Little Golden Books sought out talented commercial illustrators (插图画家) who had escaped the destruction of WWⅡ. Among these illustrators was Russian émigré Feodor Rojankovsky. He brought several Little Golden Books to life. One was Gaston and Josephine, a story about two pigs who run away from their homeland and start a new life in America.

Little Golden Books has taken steps to make positive changes.

In the 1960s, the series was criticized for failing to represent any black children in a book about the Central Park Zoo. The publishers initially brushed aside the charges. But after some time they published books that featured black characters.

语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了著名童书系列《小金书》Little Golden Books四个值得了解的方面。

1．What were children's books before 1942 like?

A．Small and beyond the reach of ordinary families.

B．Big and easily seen by young readers.

C．Expensive and specific to bookshops.

D．Light and available only in bookstores.

解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段第一二句可知，1942年之前的童书仅书店有售；再对比1942年之前的童书价格“They cost between D|S2 and D|S3”和1942年新出的Little Golden Books系列童书的价格“costing just 25 cents each”可知，1942年之前的童书很贵。

2．What do we know about The Poky Little Puppy?

A．It is the only Little Golden Books hit.

B．It is about a dog fond of eating sweet food.

C．Its sales reached nearly 15 million in the 1900s.

D．It is related to the destruction of World War Ⅱ.

解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段的“The tale of a dessert­loving dog wasn't the only Little Golden Books hit.”可知，The Poky Little Puppy描述的是一只喜欢甜食的狗。

3．How did Little Golden Books react to the criticism in the 1960s?

A．They made adjustments immediately.

B．They ignored it and went on like before.

C．They eventually addressed the prejudices.

D．They published a new book about a zoo.

解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The publishers initially ...that featured black characters.”可知，起初出版商并没有把人们的指责当一回事，但过了一段时间他们出版了以黑人为主角的图书，由此可推知，他们最终设法处理了图书中的偏见问题。

B

After a nail salon turns away a physically challenged woman, a stranger makes a truly beautiful gesture, “Beauty isn't about having a pretty face.It's about having a pretty mind, a pretty heart, and a pretty soul, oh, and pretty nails！” That may well be Angela Peters' motto.Last July, Peters, 36, rolled her wheelchair into a nail salon at the Walmart shopping center in Burton, Michigan, with the idea of painting her fingers.But Peters was turned away.The salon told her that they were afraid it would be too difficult to properly paint her nails given that her hands shook.What was meant to be a day of happiness for Peters was now a disappointment.

Ebony Harris, 40, saw everything and approached Peters.Harris offered to do her nails.They shopped for nail polish.They settled on a bright blue — a color that would catch every eye.They then made their way into a neighbouring Subway, found a table for two, and set up shop.Harris gently took Peters' hand into hers and carefully began painting her nails.Watching it all with awe and admiration was Subway employee Tasia Smith.What struck her most was the ease and gentleness displayed by Harris as she painted Peters' nails, all the while chatting as if they were old friends.

Peters, who runs a poetry website, heavenlypoems.com., harbors no bitterness towards the nail salon that turned her away.The salon says they refused to offer Peters service because they were too busy.“When people do us wrong, we must forgive, ” Peters wrote on her website.“I just want to educate people that people with different disabilities, like being in a wheelchair, can have our own business and get our nails done like anyone else.”

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了身有残疾的Peters被美甲沙龙拒绝后，遇到了体贴的Harris，她认真给Peters做了美甲。通过这个故事，作者告诉我们要平等对待身体残疾的人。

4．Why did Peters go to the Walmart shopping centre?

A．To go shopping.　　　　 B．To eat at a Subway.

C．To meet her friend Harris.  D．To have her nails painted.

解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“with the idea of painting her fingers”可知，Peters去沃尔玛购物中心是为了去做美甲。

5．What caused Peters' disappointment?

A．She was disabled.  B．She was refused.

C．The salon was busy.  D．She had no nail polish.

解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，因为被美容院拒绝，所以Peters很失望。

6．How do you find Ebony Harris?

A．Mean.  B．Optimistic.

C．Caring.  D．Stubborn.

解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句和第六句可推知，Harris是一个非常体贴的人。

7．What can we infer from the passage?

A．It's better to use websites to educate people.

B．The salon had its acceptable reason to decline a disabled woman.

C．Those who did something wrong should not be forgiven.

D．People with different disabilities should be treated equally.

解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可推知，本篇文章通过这个故事要告诉我们，残疾人也应该受到平等的对待。

C

We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our  worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and  new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. That's bad  news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer  ones that do the same things.

To figure out how much power these devices are  using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester  Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box­set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e­readers showed up in 2007.

As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. “The living­room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house，” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.

So what's the solution (解决方案)? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on­demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，过时的电子设备比新设备要消耗更多的能源，而且危害环境。因此从环保的角度来看，文章建议用多功能的新设备来替换过时的设备。

8. What does the author think of new devices?

A．They are environment­friendly.

B．They are no better than the old.

C．They cost more to use at home.

D．They go out of style quickly.

解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things”可知，这些过时的设备比那些做同样事情的新设备消耗更多的能源，也就是说新的设备更节能、更环保。

9．Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?

A．To reduce the cost of minerals.

B．To test the life cycle of a product.

C．To update consumers on new technology.

D．To find out electricity consumption of the devices.

解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“To figure out how much power these devices are using ... ”可知，Babbitt和她的团队进行这项研究的目的是计算这些设备的用电量。

10．Which of the following uses the least energy?

A．The box­set TV.  B．The tablet.

C．The LCD TV.  D．The desktop computer.

解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，在平板电脑上观看更多的点播娱乐节目，而不是看电视和台式电脑，可以将能耗降低44%，由此可知，平板电脑消耗最少的能源。

11．What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?

A．Stop using them.  B．Take them apart.

C．Upgrade them.  D．Recycle them.

解析：选A　推理判断题。文章通过科学家的研究表明，过时的旧电子设备会消耗更多的能源，不环保。由此推知，文章建议人们停止使用旧电子设备。

tips 四诀窍快速定位主题句

(1)首先浏览首段的首、尾句，及尾段的首、尾句，这是主题句常出现的地方。

(2)段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。

(3)作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。

(4)表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等词。

例如上文C篇阅读的主题句是首段尾句“these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things”，本句话的意思是“这些过时的设备比那些做同样事情的新设备消耗更多的能源”，据此可推知第8和第11题答案。