必修 第一册Unit 3 Sports and fitness学案设计

这是一份必修 第一册Unit 3 Sports and fitness学案设计，共9页。
Grammar——附加疑问句
1．Everything has gne wrng, hasn't it?
2．He must be in his rm nw, isn't he?
3．Neither f yu will have cffee, will yu?
4．Listen t me carefully, will/wn't yu?
5．I believe he can make it, can't he?
6．—That isn't imprtant, is it?
—Yes, it is./N, it isn't.
7．Dn't make much nise, will yu?
[我的发现]
(1)当主语是this、 that、 everything、 smething、 nthing、 anything、不定式、动名词或从句时，附加疑问部分中的代词用it。如上述句1和句6。
(2)当陈述部分中含有情态动词must时，附加疑问部分要根据must在陈述部分中的意义决定。如上述句2。
(3)陈述部分中用了表示否定或半否定的词时，附加疑问部分用肯定形式。如neither、 nne、 nbdy、 nthing、 few、 little、 never、 hardly、 seldm等。如上述句3。
(4)肯定的祈使句的附加疑问部分用will/wn't yu，如上述句4；否定的祈使句的附加疑问部分用will yu，如上述句7。
(5)当主句主语是第一人称，并且谓语部分为think、 believe、 imagine、 suppse等且后有从句时，附加疑问部分一般与从句的谓语一致，如上述句5。
(6)回答附加疑问句时，事实是肯定的，回答用“yes＋肯定的简略句”；事实是否定的，回答用“n＋否定的简略句”，形式要一致，如上述句6。
一、附加疑问句的基本概念
1．附加疑问句的概述
附加疑问句就是对陈述部分所叙述的事情提出相反疑问的问句。主要表示以礼貌或委婉的语气提出要求、询问或确认信息等。读时前半部分用降调，后半部分既可用升调也可用降调。通常情况下，用升调时，多表示疑问或请求；用降调时，多表示求证或希望对方同意。
2．附加疑问句的基本构成形式
附加疑问句由两部分构成：陈述部分和附加疑问部分。两部分的人称和时态应保持一致。陈述部分为肯定句时，附加疑问部分用否定式；陈述部分为否定句时，附加疑问部分用肯定式。
Yu are a student, aren't yu?
你是一个学生，是吗？
He desn't like ice cream, des he?
他不喜欢冰淇淋，是吗？
[点津] (1)若陈述部分含有seldm、 hardly、 never、 few、 nthing等否定词或半否定词，附加疑问部分要用肯定式。
(2)若陈述部分含有带否定前缀的词，附加疑问部分仍用否定式。
He has few friends here, has he?
他在这儿几乎没有朋友，是吗？
She said nthing, did she?
她什么也没说，是不是？
It is unfair, isn't it?
这不公平，是吗？
[即时演练一] 完成下列附加疑问句
①Yu can't speak French, can yu?
②They wrk there, dn't they?
③Mary likes playing basketball in her spare time, desn't she?
④This will nt be mentined at the meeting, will it?
二、附加疑问句的具体用法
1．附加疑问部分的主语问题
(1)基本原则：附加疑问部分的主语应与陈述部分主语一致，且只能是代词。
误：Mary is a nurse, isn't Mary?
正：Mary is a nurse, isn't she?
玛丽是护士，对吗？
(2)当陈述部分为there be句型时，附加疑问部分的主语仍用there。
There was nthing in the rm, was there?
房间里什么也没有，是吗？
(3)当陈述部分的主语是指示代词时，附加疑问部分的主语用it、 they等代词。
That is a new car, isn't it?
那是一辆新汽车，是吗？
(4)当陈述部分的主语是smebdy、 smene、 everyne、 everybdy、 n ne、 nbdy等复合不定代词时，附加疑问部分的主语用he/they；当陈述部分的主语是 smething、 anything、 nthing、 everything等复合不定代词时，附加疑问部分的主语要用it。
Nbdy was late, were they?
没有一个人迟到，是吗？
Everything is ready, isn't it?
一切都准备好了，是吗？
Nthing is imprtant, is it?
没有什么重要的，是吗？
(5)当陈述部分的主语为动名词、不定式或从句时，附加疑问部分的主语用it。
Swimming is great fun, isn't it?
游泳非常有趣，是吗？
[即时演练二] 完成下列附加疑问句
①This is a lvely card, isn't it?
②T swim in such cld water is crazy, isn't it?
③What he did really scared yu, didn't it?
④Nbdy understd his speech, did they/he?
⑤There is smething wrng with yur watch, isn't there?
2．陈述部分有动词have的附加疑问句
(1)当have为助动词时，附加疑问部分用同样的助动词。
He has already left, hasn't he?
他已经离开了，是吗？
(2)当have为实义动词时，要分两种情况：
①若表示“所有”，附加疑问部分可以用have，也可以用d；但是若陈述部分用的是have的否定式，附加疑问部分用have 还是用d，取决于陈述部分的动词形式。
He has a lt f friends here, hasn't/desn't he?
在这儿他有许多朋友，是吗？
He hasn't any mney, has he?
他没有钱，是吗？
He desn't have any mney, des he?
他没有钱，是吗？
②若表示“吃；玩”等意思，附加疑问部分要用d。
He has supper at 5, desn't he?
他5点吃晚餐，是吗？
He had a gd time at the party, didn't he?
他在晚会上玩得很开心，是吗？
[即时演练三] 完成下列附加疑问句
①He has a car, hasn't/desn't he?
②Jack had dinner with his mther at hme yesterday，didn't he?
③Yu haven't a penfriend, have yu?
3．含情态动词的附加疑问句
(1)基本原则：在通常情况下，当陈述部分含有情态动词时，附加疑问部分会重复前面同样的情态动词。
He can speak English, can't he?
他会说英语，是吗？
We shuldn't g, shuld we?
我们不应该去，对不对？
(2)当陈述部分含有must时，要分两种情况：
①若must表示“必须”，附加疑问部分用 mustn't 或needn't；但是若陈述部分有mustn't表示禁止，附加疑问部分要用must。
Yu must leave at nce, mustn't/needn't yu?
你必须(有必要)马上离开，是吗？
Yu mustn't laugh, must yu?
你不准笑，知道吗？
②若must表示推测，附加疑问部分不能用must，而应根据must后的动词结构采用相应的动词形式。
He must be tired, isn't he?
他一定累了，是吗？
③当must用来对过去的情况进行“推测”(must＋have dne)时，如强调对过去情况的推测(一般有过去的时间状语)，附加疑问部分用didn't＋主语；如果强调动作的完成(没有时间状语)，附加疑问部分用haven't/hasn't＋主语。
He must have finished hmewrk, hasn't he?
他一定完成作业了，不是吗？
He must have been in the park yesterday, wasn't he?
昨天他一定在公园，是吗？
[即时演练四] 完成下列附加疑问句
①Students mustn't be late, must they?
②Yu must have tld her abut it, haven't yu?
③His parents must have been hard n him when he was yung, weren't they?
4．陈述部分为祈使句的附加疑问句
(1)基本原则：若陈述部分为肯定的祈使句，附加疑问部分通常用will/wn't yu，若陈述部分为否定的祈使句，附加疑问部分用will yu。
Please help us, will/wn't yu?
请帮帮我们，好吗？
Dn't frget t pst the letter, will yu?
别忘了寄信，好吗？
(2)当祈使句为Let's ...时，附加疑问部分用shall we。
Let's g there tgether, shall we?
我们一起去那里，好吗？
[即时演练五] 完成下列附加疑问句
①Dn't talk like that, will yu?
②Let's g and have a rest, shall we?
③Turn ff the lights when yu leave the classrm, will/wn't yu?
5．陈述部分为主从复合句的附加疑问句
(1)当陈述部分为主从复合句时，附加疑问部分一般应与主句保持一致。
He knws where I live, desn't he?
他知道我住在什么地方，是不是？
(2)当陈述部分为I think (believe, imagine, suppse) that ...等时，附加疑问部分通常与从句保持一致(注意否定的转移)。
I think that it is t shrt, isn't it?
我认为它太短了，对不对？
I dn't think he will cme, will he?
我认为他不会来，对吗？
[点津] 这类用法主要限于主语为第一人称且think等动词为一般现在时的情况。
[即时演练六] 完成下列附加疑问句
①We dn't believe we were defeated, were we?
②I dn't think it is gd, is it?
③They said that the plan wrked, didn't they?
④It desn't matter if they want t cme t yur party, des it?
6．几种特殊情况的附加疑问句
(1)当陈述部分是I'm ...时，附加疑问部分通常用aren't I。
I'm wrng, aren't I?
我错了，是吗？
(2)当陈述部分有had better时，附加疑问部分用hadn't＋主语。
He'd better leave here, hadn't he?
他最好离开这儿，是吗？
(3)陈述部分的谓语是used t 时，附加疑问部分用didn't/usedn't＋主语。
He used t cme here, usedn't/didn't he?
他过去常来这儿，是吗？
[即时演练七] 完成下列附加疑问句
①I'm as tall as yur sister, aren't I?
②He used t take pictures there, didn't/usedn't he?
③Yu'd better read it by yurself, hadn't yu?
7．附加疑问句的回答
在回答这类问句时，不管其陈述部分是肯定的还是否定的，事实是肯定的，回答用“yes＋肯定的简略句”；事实是否定的，回答用“n＋否定的简略句”，形式要一致。陈述部分是否定形式时，答语中的yes译成“不”，n译成 “是”。
—He wants t g, desn't he?
—Yes, he des./N, he desn't.
——他想去，是吗？
——是的，他想去。/不，他不想去。
—That isn't a useful bk, is it?
—Yes, it is./N, it isn't.
——那不是一本有用的书，是吗？
——不，它是一本有用的书。/是的，它不是一本有用的书。
[即时演练八] 根据汉语提示完成下列附加疑问句
①—There are many peple in the hall, aren't there?
—Yes, there are (是的，有).
—N, there aren't (不，没有).
②—We haven't been infrmed, have we?
—Yes, we have (不，我们接到通知了).
—N, we haven't (是，我们还没有接到通知).
维度一：基础题型练
完成下列附加疑问句。
1．Yur parents had a lng talk with yu last night, didn't they?
2．Everyne has advised yu nt t g n a diet, haven't they/hasn't he?
3．Shpping isn't what yu want t d, is it?
4．Everything seems all right, desn't it?
5．Yu must have gt the letter when yu were in the ffice, didn't yu?
6．She seldm argues with thers, des she?
7．They are hpeless, aren't they?
8．Dn't play with fire, will yu?
9．Let's g hme, shall we?
10．They tld me it was nt true, didn't they?
11．There is nbdy utside, is there?
12．—He knws little abut it, des he?
—Yes，he des．/N, he desn't.
维度二：语法与写作
1．让我们听老师提到的广播节目，好吗？
Let's listen t the radi prgram that the teacher mentined，shall we?
2．你觉得你很滑稽，是吗？
Yu think yu're funny, dn't yu?
3．充分利用我们的业余时间，好吗？
Make gd use f ur spare time, will/wn't yu?
4．没有人相信他的工作多么困难，不是吗？
Nbdy believes hw difficult his wrk is, d they?
5．不要忘记明天早点起床，好吗？
Dn't frget t get up early tmrrw, will yu?
6．我认为他会来的，对吗？
I think he will cme, wn't he?
维度三：语法与语篇
阅读下面对话，补全对话中的附加疑问部分或答语。
1．Lily：I haven't seen yu recently.What are yu ding these days?
Bb：I am ding research n hw t prtect wildlife.
Lily：Yu have never dne such research befre, (1)have yu?
Bb：Yes, this is the first time that I have dne this.I have read sme papers n this tpic and als attended a lecture.
Lily：The lecture is very useful t yur research, (2)isn't it?
Bb：Yes, it is.It is als inspiring.
Lily：It inspires yu t find mre infrmatin abut the tpic, desn't it?
Bb：(3)Yes, it des．It gives me suggestins n finding mre infrmatin.
2．Sam：Amy, there will be a film in the schl hall tnight, (1)wn't there?
Amy：I've just heard abut it.It is called A Brief Histry f Time, a film abut Stephen Hawking.
Sam：It must be a great mvie, (2)isn't it?
Amy：I think s.Let's watch it tgether, (3)shall we?
Sam：OK, we can meet in frnt f the schl hall at abut six, (4)can't we?
Amy：OK, see yu then!
Sam：See yu!
3．Mther：Mary, yu haven't finished yur hmewrk, (1)have yu?
Mary：Yes, I have.I'm reading a bk nw.Yu need help, (2)dn't yu?
Mther：There is n tmat at hme.I'm busy nw.Can yu help me buy sme?
Mary：N prblem.My father will cme back fr lunch, (3)wn't he?
Mther：Yes, he will.We will have a big lunch tday.