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外研版 (2019)Unit 1 A new start学案及答案
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这是一份外研版 (2019)Unit 1 A new start学案及答案，共11页。学案主要包含了语法图解，语法突破等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Grammar——基本句型
一、语法图解
二、语法突破
1．句子的基本成分
根据英语词汇在句子中的地位和作用，英语的句子成分可分为主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语、同位语及独立成分等。
(1)主语：表示句子说的是什么人或什么事。
通常由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等充当。
The yung lady ver there is my English teacher.(名词)
那边的那位年轻女士是我的英语老师。
Climbing muntains is really fun.
爬山真是有趣。(动名词)
What caused the accident is nt clear.
事故的起因尚不清楚。(从句)
(2)谓语：说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。实义动词可以单独作谓语，连系动词需要和表语一起构成谓语；情态动词和助动词需要和实义动词一起构成谓语。
I made yur birthday cake last night.(实义动词)
昨晚我做好了你的生日蛋糕。
Fd supplies in the fldstricken area are running ut.(动词短语)
洪水灾区的食物供应即将耗尽。
Yu lk the same.(连系动词＋表语)
你们看起来很像。
(3)表语：用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态。一般位于系动词之后，由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句充当。
He became interested in physics.(形容词)
他变得对物理感兴趣。
That remains a puzzle t me.(名词)
这对我还是个难题。
His jb is selling cmputers.(动名词短语)
他的工作是销售电脑。
Our duty is t make ur envirnment better.(动词不定式)
我们的责任是使我们的环境更好。
(4)宾语：表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式或相当于名词的词组和句子充当。
①直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果，通常指物。
②间接宾语表示动作的接受者或指向，它位于直接宾语之前；位于直接宾语之后时，其前面则常加介词t或fr。
Many Chinese speak English tday.(名词)
现在许多中国人说英语。
Jack is selfish and nbdy likes him.(代词)
杰克很自私，没有人喜欢他。
My brther intends t write a new bk.(动词不定式)
我哥哥打算写一本新书。
I can't understand what yu mean.(从句)
我不明白你的意思。
(5)宾语补足语：补充说明宾语的成分叫作宾语补足语。一般由形容词、名词、副词、不定式、分词和介词短语等充当。
We keep the classrm clean.(形容词)
我们保持教室干净。
We made him ur mnitr.(名词)
我们选他当班长。
He has the hrse running all day.(现在分词)
他让这匹马跑了一整天。
(6)定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等充当。
The tw bys are students.(数词)
这两个男孩是学生。
The by in blue is Tm.(介词短语)
穿蓝色衣服的男孩是汤姆。
The by writing this letter needs a pen.(现在分词短语)
写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
(7)状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分叫作状语。一般由副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和从句等充当。可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、伴随、条件、程度、让步、频率等。
He speaks English well.(副词)
他英语说得很好。
Seen frm a distance, the farmhuse lked deserted.(过去分词)
从远处看，这座农舍显得空无一人。
She lked at me in surprise.(介词短语)
她吃惊地看着我。
[即时演练1] 判断下列句中加黑部分的句子成分
①The number f private cars will increase.主语
②Dn will feed the birds tmrrw.状语
③My little sister always makes me laugh.宾语补足语
④The students didn't understand the teacher's wrds that day.宾语
⑤Mst peple leave their hmes fr wrk at 7：00 am.谓语
⑥The new building lks mst impressive.表语
⑦My grandma usually tells us stries abut the past.宾语
⑧I am writing t ask fr mre infrmatin.状语
⑨I'll never frget the day when I wrked tgether with yu.定语
⑩He was elected chairman f the cmpany.主语补足语
2．基本句型
按照结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语) 的句子叫作简单句。简单句有7种基本句型：
(1)主谓(SV)
这种句式是英语中最简单的句式，句中的动词大多为不及物动词，其后不能接宾语，但可以用状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子。
The temperature has changed.温度变了。
He cried.他哭了。
(2)主谓宾(SVO)
主谓宾结构的句子中含有有实际意义的谓语动词。这种动词的动作是由主语产生，但不能表达完整的意思，必须有宾语(动作的承受者)才能使意思完整。这类动词叫作及物动词。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。
He has accepted ur invitatin.
他已经接受了我们的邀请。
I have brrwed fur bks frm the library.
我从图书馆里借了4本书。
He pretended nt t see us.
他假装没有看见我们。
She usually puts ff carrying ut her prmise.
她通常拖延履行她的诺言。
(3)主系表(SVP)
主系表结构的句子中的谓语动词是系动词，它们不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。除了系动词be外，还有一些实义动词也可以用作系动词：
表示感官的动词： feel, smell, taste, sund, lk 等。
表示变化的动词：becme, get, grw, turn, g, fall, run, cme等。
表示延续的动词：remain, keep, stay, stand, cntinue, lie等。
表示表象的动词：seem, appear, lk 等。
表示终止的动词：prve, turn ut等。
Man's lve f wnder is the seed f ur science.
人类对于不可思议之事物的爱好是我们科学的根本。
His vice sunded strange t her.
他的声音在她听来有些奇怪。
He became a teacher f English.
他成了一名英语教师。
We shuld remain mdest at any time.
任何时候我们都应保持谦虚。
[名师点津] 感官动词的系表结构通常是主动表示被动。
(4)主谓宾宾(SVOO)
主谓双宾的句子中谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。其中一个是动词动作的直接承受者，另一个是动词动作的间接承受者。主谓双宾结构中间接宾语常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。
My sister tld me a lng stry.
我姐姐给我讲了一个很长的故事。
Mther bught me a cat yesterday.
昨天妈妈给我买了一件外套。
[名师点津] (1)下列动词后面接间接宾语时前面需要加t：allw, bring, give, hand, leave, lend, ffer, pass, pay, permit, prmise, read, refuse, sell, send, shw, teach, tell, wish, write等。
(2)下列动词后面接间接宾语时前面需要加fr：buy, chse, get, leave, make, rder, paint, save, sing, spare等。
(5)主谓宾补(SVOC)
有些及物动词只带宾语句子意义仍不完整，还需要带一个补足语来进一步说明宾语的情况，从而使句子意思完整明确。宾语和宾语补足语构成复合宾语，逻辑上有主谓关系。
We all call the baby Sara.
我们都叫这个婴儿萨拉。
They made her happy.
他们让她快乐。
Will yu ask Mary t help us?
你能让玛丽帮我们吗？
I ften hear her sing the German sng in her lvely vice.
我时常听到她用优美的嗓音唱这首德国歌曲。
She kept us waiting fr her answer fr ver a week.
她让我们等她的答复等了一个多星期。
I will have all my clthes washed this afternn.
今天下午我将把所有的衣服都洗完。
I nticed the letter in the drawer.
我发现信在抽屉里。
(6)主谓状(SVA)
My parents live in Taibei.我的父母住在台北。
Jhn has gne t buy bks.约翰去买书了。
(7)主谓宾状(SVOA)
The wind raised the fallen leaves frm the grund.
大风把落叶从地面上刮了起来。
They knw us very well.他们非常了解我们。
He brught his brther t see me.
他带着他的弟弟来看我。
[即时演练2] 判断下列句子属于哪种句型
①They laughed.主谓
②The answer brke his heart.主谓宾
③These machines are still expensive.主系表
④I was wndering if we culd g skiing n the weekend. 主谓宾
⑤Bks f this kind sell well.主谓状
⑥She sent her mther a nice new car. 主谓宾宾
⑦I want the letter t be ready tmrrw. 主谓宾补
⑧I liked my English teacher very much. 主谓宾状
⑨Everybdy types differently. 主谓状
⑩It gives us a great feeling f happiness. 主谓宾宾
1．debate n．&v.讨论，辩论
Peter Bullck was nt nly an English teacher，but als the man wh funded the debate club in ur schl.
彼得·布洛克不仅是一位英语老师，也是创办我们学校辩论俱乐部的人。
(1)have a debate n/abut/ver sth.
进行一场关于某事的辩论/讨论
under debate 在辩论/讨论中
beynd debate 无可争论
(2)debate with sb.abut/n ... 就……与某人辩论
(经典佳句) After a heated debate, we all agreed n the plan.
经过一场激烈的辩论，我们就这一计划达成一致意见。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①He likes t debate issues with his friends.
②Even the genetic makeup f the virus is under debate.
③It is a fact beynd debate that the emplyment pressure f graduates is heavy.
[写美] 补全句子
④一年来，我们就未来的政策进行了多次讨论。
Over the year we have had several debates n/abut/ver future plicy.
2．argue v．争论，争辩
(教材P6) Argue abut the week's httest tpics with the schl's sharpest minds!
和全校头脑最敏锐的人物辩论每周热点。
(1)argue with sb.abut/ver sth. 与某人争论某事
argue fr ... 为……而争论；为……而辩护
argue against 争辩(反对……)
argue sb.int/ut f ding sth. 说服某人做某事/不做某事
(2)argument n. 争论，辩论；论据，论点
(经典佳句) They were arguing abut/ver which film t see.
他们正在争论看哪部电影。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Many experts argue fr the ban f riding mtrcycles in the city.
②He argued against smking because he thught it was harmful t health.
③A decisin was finally made after sme heated argument (argue)．
[写美] 补全句子
④我终于说服我的好朋友在我居住的城市定居下来。
I finally argued my gd friend int settling dwn in the city where I lived.
[巧学助记] The wrkers, wh argued fr their wn rights, argued with the bss fr a few days, but failed t argue him int giving them a rise in wages because the bss argued against it and insisted that their pay had already been OK.
为自己的权利而辩护的工人们和老板争论了几天了，但还是没能说服老板给他们涨工资，因为老板反对并且坚持认为给工人们的工资已经不错了。
3．sharp adj.敏锐的，聪明的；急转的；急剧的；锋利的；剧烈的；敏捷的；严厉的 adv.……整(表示时间)
(2020·浙江高考改编)Challenging might help yur brain stay sharp as yu age.
随着年龄的增长，挑战可能会帮助你的大脑保持敏锐。
sharpen v． 使变锋利；使敏锐
sharply adv. 严厉地；突然地；锋利地
sharpened adj. 打磨尖利的；削尖的
(经典佳句) It was very sharp f yu t have nticed that.
你注意到了这一点，真够机灵的。
[练透] 一词多义
①Make sure yu use a gd sharp knife.锋利的
②There is a sharp drp in the prices.急剧的
③He was a little sharp with me when I asked him t help.严厉的
④I felt a sharp pain in my back.剧烈的
⑤He is very sharp, a quick thinker.敏锐的
单句语法填空
⑥I need t sharpen (sharp) that knife.
⑦His health imprved sharply (sharp) this week.
[写美] 翻译句子
⑧请七点整到这里。
Please be here at seven 'clck sharp.
[名师点津] 有些形容词加后缀en可变为动词：darken(使)变暗；sharpen使尖锐，加剧；widen加宽；deepen加深；braden加宽，扩大； straighten弄直，变直；quicken加快； brighten(使)变亮，(使)愉快；shrten缩短； wrsen(使)恶化
4．apply v．申请；应用
(教材P7) Afterschl activities als play a part when students apply t cllege.
学生申请大学时，课外活动也起到了一定的作用。
(1)apply (t ...) fr ... (向……)申请……
apply neself t ... 致力于……，专心于……
apply ... 把……应用于……
(2) applicatin n. 应用；用途；申请
have a wide applicatin in ... 在……中得到广泛应用
applicatin frm 申请表
(3)applicant n. 申请者
(经典佳句) I've applied fr a new jb in the lcal newspaper.
我已经在地方报社申请了一份新工作。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①The new technlgy was applied t farming.
②Next week is the deadline fr sending in yur applicatin (apply)．
③Hw many applicants (apply) did yu have fr the jb?
[写美] 补全句子
④他已向那家公司申请一份工作。
He has applied t the cmpany fr a jb.
5．take part (in sth.) 参与某事
(教材P7) In the UK and the US，senir high schl students take part in varius afterschl activities，such as club activities and vlunteer wrk.
在英国和美国，高中学生参加各种课外活动，例如俱乐部活动和志愿者工作。
play a part in 在……中起作用
play the part f 扮演……的角色
fr the mst part 大部分，在很大程度上
(经典佳句) Mre than fifteen thusand peple tk part in the memrial service.
有15,000多人参加了悼念仪式。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①My little girl is ging t play the part f the princess!
②S，we still d nt knw where these buried miners are fr the mst part.
[写美] 补全句子
③教练鼓励的话语在我的成功方面起了很重要的作用。
The cach's encuraging wrds played an imprtant part in my success.
[辨清] take part in/jin/jin in/attend
6.take up 开始从事；占用
(教材P7) Hwever，they can take up a lt f time，s students have t learn t rganise their busy schedules.
然而，它们占用了大量的时间，因此学生们不得不学会安排自己繁忙的日程。
take in 欺骗；理解
take n 呈现；雇用；承担；从事
take ver 掌管，控制
take ff 脱下；(飞机)起飞；事业腾飞；取消，请假
(经典佳句) I knw hw busy yu must be and naturally I wuldn't want t take up t much f yur time.
我知道您肯定特别忙，我当然不想占用您太多的时间。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①When the delayed flight will take ff depends much n the weather.
②Technlgy is here t help us，but we shuld nt allw it t take ver ur lives.
③He is unwilling t take n heavy respnsibilities.
[写美] 补全句子
④他决定把摄影当作自己的终生职业。
He decided t take up phtgraphy as his lifelng career.
维度一 基础题型练
单句语法填空
1．Running is cheap, easy and it's always energetic (energy)．
2．While running regularly can't make yu live frever, the review says it is (be) mre effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling r swimming.
3．The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice t imprve (imprve) water quality.
4．When the grillas and I frightened each ther, I was just glad t find them (they) alive.
5．Many westerners wh cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw cheap it can be t eat ut.
6．I still remember visiting (visit) a friend wh'd lived here fr five years and I was shcked (shck) when I learnt she hadn't cked nce in all that time.
7．“She thught I had hurt myself ( I ) ，” says Pahlssn.
8．After a heated discussin, we agreed n making a vide t recrd (recrd) ur experiences at schl.
9．It was kind f yu t help the ld lady crss the rad.
10．The wrkers were made t wrk (wrk) 12 hurs a day.
维度二 语法与写作
补全句子
1．我的朋友打算给我做顿饭。
My friend is ging t ck me a meal.
2．天气变得更冷了。
The weather has turned much clder.
3．他们举行了一个晚会来庆祝他们的成功。
They held a party t celebrate their success.
4．我相信只要你努力学习，你就会成功。
I believe that as lng as yu study hard, yu will succeed.
5．大火发生在夜里。
The fire brke ut at night.
6．他注意到有个白发苍苍的老人进了这个房间。
He nticed a whitehaired man enter the rm.
维度三 以语段形式练习语法
写出下面短文中画线句子的基本句型形式
Hw wuld yu like t g t schl and travel the wrld at the same time？Fr Tim,1.that dream has cme true！This term, 2.Tim and his classmates are living n a ship！They take the same subjects as yu d, like maths and als learn abut ships and the writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened n the ship.Tim lves living n the ship.There's always smething exciting t d.And，after a lng day f study, 5.he likes t watch the sun g dwn and wait fr the stars t cme and ding hmewrk seem much mre fun when yu are at sea!
答案：1.主谓 2.主谓状 3.主谓宾 4.主谓宾状 5.主谓宾补 6.主系表
take part in
指参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用
jin
①指加入某个党派、团体、组织等，成为其成员之一。②和某人一起做某事，其结构为jin sb.in (ding) sth.，根据上下文in (ding) sth.也可以省去
jin in
多指参加小规模的活动，如球赛、游戏等，常用于日常口语中
attend
是正式用语，为及物动词，指参加会议、婚礼、葬礼、典礼，去上课、上学、听报告等。句子的主语只是去听、去看，自己不一定起积极作用
Grammar——基本句型
一、语法图解
二、语法突破
1．句子的基本成分
根据英语词汇在句子中的地位和作用，英语的句子成分可分为主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语、同位语及独立成分等。
(1)主语：表示句子说的是什么人或什么事。
通常由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等充当。
The yung lady ver there is my English teacher.(名词)
那边的那位年轻女士是我的英语老师。
Climbing muntains is really fun.
爬山真是有趣。(动名词)
What caused the accident is nt clear.
事故的起因尚不清楚。(从句)
(2)谓语：说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。实义动词可以单独作谓语，连系动词需要和表语一起构成谓语；情态动词和助动词需要和实义动词一起构成谓语。
I made yur birthday cake last night.(实义动词)
昨晚我做好了你的生日蛋糕。
Fd supplies in the fldstricken area are running ut.(动词短语)
洪水灾区的食物供应即将耗尽。
Yu lk the same.(连系动词＋表语)
你们看起来很像。
(3)表语：用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态。一般位于系动词之后，由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句充当。
He became interested in physics.(形容词)
他变得对物理感兴趣。
That remains a puzzle t me.(名词)
这对我还是个难题。
His jb is selling cmputers.(动名词短语)
他的工作是销售电脑。
Our duty is t make ur envirnment better.(动词不定式)
我们的责任是使我们的环境更好。
(4)宾语：表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式或相当于名词的词组和句子充当。
①直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果，通常指物。
②间接宾语表示动作的接受者或指向，它位于直接宾语之前；位于直接宾语之后时，其前面则常加介词t或fr。
Many Chinese speak English tday.(名词)
现在许多中国人说英语。
Jack is selfish and nbdy likes him.(代词)
杰克很自私，没有人喜欢他。
My brther intends t write a new bk.(动词不定式)
我哥哥打算写一本新书。
I can't understand what yu mean.(从句)
我不明白你的意思。
(5)宾语补足语：补充说明宾语的成分叫作宾语补足语。一般由形容词、名词、副词、不定式、分词和介词短语等充当。
We keep the classrm clean.(形容词)
我们保持教室干净。
We made him ur mnitr.(名词)
我们选他当班长。
He has the hrse running all day.(现在分词)
他让这匹马跑了一整天。
(6)定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等充当。
The tw bys are students.(数词)
这两个男孩是学生。
The by in blue is Tm.(介词短语)
穿蓝色衣服的男孩是汤姆。
The by writing this letter needs a pen.(现在分词短语)
写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
(7)状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分叫作状语。一般由副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和从句等充当。可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、伴随、条件、程度、让步、频率等。
He speaks English well.(副词)
他英语说得很好。
Seen frm a distance, the farmhuse lked deserted.(过去分词)
从远处看，这座农舍显得空无一人。
She lked at me in surprise.(介词短语)
她吃惊地看着我。
[即时演练1] 判断下列句中加黑部分的句子成分
①The number f private cars will increase.主语
②Dn will feed the birds tmrrw.状语
③My little sister always makes me laugh.宾语补足语
④The students didn't understand the teacher's wrds that day.宾语
⑤Mst peple leave their hmes fr wrk at 7：00 am.谓语
⑥The new building lks mst impressive.表语
⑦My grandma usually tells us stries abut the past.宾语
⑧I am writing t ask fr mre infrmatin.状语
⑨I'll never frget the day when I wrked tgether with yu.定语
⑩He was elected chairman f the cmpany.主语补足语
2．基本句型
按照结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语) 的句子叫作简单句。简单句有7种基本句型：
(1)主谓(SV)
这种句式是英语中最简单的句式，句中的动词大多为不及物动词，其后不能接宾语，但可以用状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子。
The temperature has changed.温度变了。
He cried.他哭了。
(2)主谓宾(SVO)
主谓宾结构的句子中含有有实际意义的谓语动词。这种动词的动作是由主语产生，但不能表达完整的意思，必须有宾语(动作的承受者)才能使意思完整。这类动词叫作及物动词。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。
He has accepted ur invitatin.
他已经接受了我们的邀请。
I have brrwed fur bks frm the library.
我从图书馆里借了4本书。
He pretended nt t see us.
他假装没有看见我们。
She usually puts ff carrying ut her prmise.
她通常拖延履行她的诺言。
(3)主系表(SVP)
主系表结构的句子中的谓语动词是系动词，它们不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。除了系动词be外，还有一些实义动词也可以用作系动词：
表示感官的动词： feel, smell, taste, sund, lk 等。
表示变化的动词：becme, get, grw, turn, g, fall, run, cme等。
表示延续的动词：remain, keep, stay, stand, cntinue, lie等。
表示表象的动词：seem, appear, lk 等。
表示终止的动词：prve, turn ut等。
Man's lve f wnder is the seed f ur science.
人类对于不可思议之事物的爱好是我们科学的根本。
His vice sunded strange t her.
他的声音在她听来有些奇怪。
He became a teacher f English.
他成了一名英语教师。
We shuld remain mdest at any time.
任何时候我们都应保持谦虚。
[名师点津] 感官动词的系表结构通常是主动表示被动。
(4)主谓宾宾(SVOO)
主谓双宾的句子中谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。其中一个是动词动作的直接承受者，另一个是动词动作的间接承受者。主谓双宾结构中间接宾语常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。
My sister tld me a lng stry.
我姐姐给我讲了一个很长的故事。
Mther bught me a cat yesterday.
昨天妈妈给我买了一件外套。
[名师点津] (1)下列动词后面接间接宾语时前面需要加t：allw, bring, give, hand, leave, lend, ffer, pass, pay, permit, prmise, read, refuse, sell, send, shw, teach, tell, wish, write等。
(2)下列动词后面接间接宾语时前面需要加fr：buy, chse, get, leave, make, rder, paint, save, sing, spare等。
(5)主谓宾补(SVOC)
有些及物动词只带宾语句子意义仍不完整，还需要带一个补足语来进一步说明宾语的情况，从而使句子意思完整明确。宾语和宾语补足语构成复合宾语，逻辑上有主谓关系。
We all call the baby Sara.
我们都叫这个婴儿萨拉。
They made her happy.
他们让她快乐。
Will yu ask Mary t help us?
你能让玛丽帮我们吗？
I ften hear her sing the German sng in her lvely vice.
我时常听到她用优美的嗓音唱这首德国歌曲。
She kept us waiting fr her answer fr ver a week.
她让我们等她的答复等了一个多星期。
I will have all my clthes washed this afternn.
今天下午我将把所有的衣服都洗完。
I nticed the letter in the drawer.
我发现信在抽屉里。
(6)主谓状(SVA)
My parents live in Taibei.我的父母住在台北。
Jhn has gne t buy bks.约翰去买书了。
(7)主谓宾状(SVOA)
The wind raised the fallen leaves frm the grund.
大风把落叶从地面上刮了起来。
They knw us very well.他们非常了解我们。
He brught his brther t see me.
他带着他的弟弟来看我。
[即时演练2] 判断下列句子属于哪种句型
①They laughed.主谓
②The answer brke his heart.主谓宾
③These machines are still expensive.主系表
④I was wndering if we culd g skiing n the weekend. 主谓宾
⑤Bks f this kind sell well.主谓状
⑥She sent her mther a nice new car. 主谓宾宾
⑦I want the letter t be ready tmrrw. 主谓宾补
⑧I liked my English teacher very much. 主谓宾状
⑨Everybdy types differently. 主谓状
⑩It gives us a great feeling f happiness. 主谓宾宾
1．debate n．&v.讨论，辩论
Peter Bullck was nt nly an English teacher，but als the man wh funded the debate club in ur schl.
彼得·布洛克不仅是一位英语老师，也是创办我们学校辩论俱乐部的人。
(1)have a debate n/abut/ver sth.
进行一场关于某事的辩论/讨论
under debate 在辩论/讨论中
beynd debate 无可争论
(2)debate with sb.abut/n ... 就……与某人辩论
(经典佳句) After a heated debate, we all agreed n the plan.
经过一场激烈的辩论，我们就这一计划达成一致意见。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①He likes t debate issues with his friends.
②Even the genetic makeup f the virus is under debate.
③It is a fact beynd debate that the emplyment pressure f graduates is heavy.
[写美] 补全句子
④一年来，我们就未来的政策进行了多次讨论。
Over the year we have had several debates n/abut/ver future plicy.
2．argue v．争论，争辩
(教材P6) Argue abut the week's httest tpics with the schl's sharpest minds!
和全校头脑最敏锐的人物辩论每周热点。
(1)argue with sb.abut/ver sth. 与某人争论某事
argue fr ... 为……而争论；为……而辩护
argue against 争辩(反对……)
argue sb.int/ut f ding sth. 说服某人做某事/不做某事
(2)argument n. 争论，辩论；论据，论点
(经典佳句) They were arguing abut/ver which film t see.
他们正在争论看哪部电影。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Many experts argue fr the ban f riding mtrcycles in the city.
②He argued against smking because he thught it was harmful t health.
③A decisin was finally made after sme heated argument (argue)．
[写美] 补全句子
④我终于说服我的好朋友在我居住的城市定居下来。
I finally argued my gd friend int settling dwn in the city where I lived.
[巧学助记] The wrkers, wh argued fr their wn rights, argued with the bss fr a few days, but failed t argue him int giving them a rise in wages because the bss argued against it and insisted that their pay had already been OK.
为自己的权利而辩护的工人们和老板争论了几天了，但还是没能说服老板给他们涨工资，因为老板反对并且坚持认为给工人们的工资已经不错了。
3．sharp adj.敏锐的，聪明的；急转的；急剧的；锋利的；剧烈的；敏捷的；严厉的 adv.……整(表示时间)
(2020·浙江高考改编)Challenging might help yur brain stay sharp as yu age.
随着年龄的增长，挑战可能会帮助你的大脑保持敏锐。
sharpen v． 使变锋利；使敏锐
sharply adv. 严厉地；突然地；锋利地
sharpened adj. 打磨尖利的；削尖的
(经典佳句) It was very sharp f yu t have nticed that.
你注意到了这一点，真够机灵的。
[练透] 一词多义
①Make sure yu use a gd sharp knife.锋利的
②There is a sharp drp in the prices.急剧的
③He was a little sharp with me when I asked him t help.严厉的
④I felt a sharp pain in my back.剧烈的
⑤He is very sharp, a quick thinker.敏锐的
单句语法填空
⑥I need t sharpen (sharp) that knife.
⑦His health imprved sharply (sharp) this week.
[写美] 翻译句子
⑧请七点整到这里。
Please be here at seven 'clck sharp.
[名师点津] 有些形容词加后缀en可变为动词：darken(使)变暗；sharpen使尖锐，加剧；widen加宽；deepen加深；braden加宽，扩大； straighten弄直，变直；quicken加快； brighten(使)变亮，(使)愉快；shrten缩短； wrsen(使)恶化
4．apply v．申请；应用
(教材P7) Afterschl activities als play a part when students apply t cllege.
学生申请大学时，课外活动也起到了一定的作用。
(1)apply (t ...) fr ... (向……)申请……
apply neself t ... 致力于……，专心于……
apply ... 把……应用于……
(2) applicatin n. 应用；用途；申请
have a wide applicatin in ... 在……中得到广泛应用
applicatin frm 申请表
(3)applicant n. 申请者
(经典佳句) I've applied fr a new jb in the lcal newspaper.
我已经在地方报社申请了一份新工作。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①The new technlgy was applied t farming.
②Next week is the deadline fr sending in yur applicatin (apply)．
③Hw many applicants (apply) did yu have fr the jb?
[写美] 补全句子
④他已向那家公司申请一份工作。
He has applied t the cmpany fr a jb.
5．take part (in sth.) 参与某事
(教材P7) In the UK and the US，senir high schl students take part in varius afterschl activities，such as club activities and vlunteer wrk.
在英国和美国，高中学生参加各种课外活动，例如俱乐部活动和志愿者工作。
play a part in 在……中起作用
play the part f 扮演……的角色
fr the mst part 大部分，在很大程度上
(经典佳句) Mre than fifteen thusand peple tk part in the memrial service.
有15,000多人参加了悼念仪式。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①My little girl is ging t play the part f the princess!
②S，we still d nt knw where these buried miners are fr the mst part.
[写美] 补全句子
③教练鼓励的话语在我的成功方面起了很重要的作用。
The cach's encuraging wrds played an imprtant part in my success.
[辨清] take part in/jin/jin in/attend
6.take up 开始从事；占用
(教材P7) Hwever，they can take up a lt f time，s students have t learn t rganise their busy schedules.
然而，它们占用了大量的时间，因此学生们不得不学会安排自己繁忙的日程。
take in 欺骗；理解
take n 呈现；雇用；承担；从事
take ver 掌管，控制
take ff 脱下；(飞机)起飞；事业腾飞；取消，请假
(经典佳句) I knw hw busy yu must be and naturally I wuldn't want t take up t much f yur time.
我知道您肯定特别忙，我当然不想占用您太多的时间。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①When the delayed flight will take ff depends much n the weather.
②Technlgy is here t help us，but we shuld nt allw it t take ver ur lives.
③He is unwilling t take n heavy respnsibilities.
[写美] 补全句子
④他决定把摄影当作自己的终生职业。
He decided t take up phtgraphy as his lifelng career.
维度一 基础题型练
单句语法填空
1．Running is cheap, easy and it's always energetic (energy)．
2．While running regularly can't make yu live frever, the review says it is (be) mre effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling r swimming.
3．The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice t imprve (imprve) water quality.
4．When the grillas and I frightened each ther, I was just glad t find them (they) alive.
5．Many westerners wh cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw cheap it can be t eat ut.
6．I still remember visiting (visit) a friend wh'd lived here fr five years and I was shcked (shck) when I learnt she hadn't cked nce in all that time.
7．“She thught I had hurt myself ( I ) ，” says Pahlssn.
8．After a heated discussin, we agreed n making a vide t recrd (recrd) ur experiences at schl.
9．It was kind f yu t help the ld lady crss the rad.
10．The wrkers were made t wrk (wrk) 12 hurs a day.
维度二 语法与写作
补全句子
1．我的朋友打算给我做顿饭。
My friend is ging t ck me a meal.
2．天气变得更冷了。
The weather has turned much clder.
3．他们举行了一个晚会来庆祝他们的成功。
They held a party t celebrate their success.
4．我相信只要你努力学习，你就会成功。
I believe that as lng as yu study hard, yu will succeed.
5．大火发生在夜里。
The fire brke ut at night.
6．他注意到有个白发苍苍的老人进了这个房间。
He nticed a whitehaired man enter the rm.
维度三 以语段形式练习语法
写出下面短文中画线句子的基本句型形式
Hw wuld yu like t g t schl and travel the wrld at the same time？Fr Tim,1.that dream has cme true！This term, 2.Tim and his classmates are living n a ship！They take the same subjects as yu d, like maths and als learn abut ships and the writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened n the ship.Tim lves living n the ship.There's always smething exciting t d.And，after a lng day f study, 5.he likes t watch the sun g dwn and wait fr the stars t cme and ding hmewrk seem much mre fun when yu are at sea!
答案：1.主谓 2.主谓状 3.主谓宾 4.主谓宾状 5.主谓宾补 6.主系表
take part in
指参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用
jin
①指加入某个党派、团体、组织等，成为其成员之一。②和某人一起做某事，其结构为jin sb.in (ding) sth.，根据上下文in (ding) sth.也可以省去
jin in
多指参加小规模的活动，如球赛、游戏等，常用于日常口语中
attend
是正式用语，为及物动词，指参加会议、婚礼、葬礼、典礼，去上课、上学、听报告等。句子的主语只是去听、去看，自己不一定起积极作用
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