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高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions教学设计
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions教学设计，共6页。
教学内容分析
The emphasis f this perid will be placed n listening and speaking.There are altgether tw texts fr the students t listen t in this perid：ne is in the Student's Bk and the ther is in the Wrkbk.The first ne(n Page 31，Listening and speaking)is a cnversatin between tw peple，Li Bin and Prfessr Keeling，wh is a scientist studying glbal warming.Prfessr Keeling has been mentined in the reading passage n Page 26.The listening text is a radi interview abut the use f fssil fuels and ther surces f energy.It cntains examples f the fcus functin fr this unit：agreement and disagreement.While listening t Part 1 fr the first time the students are asked t decide which statement in Exercise 1 Prfessr Keeling des NOT agree with.Then students are required t listen t Part 1 again and tick the energy surces that are mentined in the text.After listening t Part 2 students are asked t list three things they can d t save energy.At last they shuld als listen t Part 2 again and fill in the blanks in Exercise 4.
The secnd ne(n Page 65，Listening Task)invlves an envirnmental rganizatin.A student，Tm，is giving an ral presentatin.As with mst ral presentatins that students give，Tm has sme visual aids t g with his talk.Students will first be required t listen t the whle speech t get the general idea，and then listen again and take sme ntes abut sme facts mentined in the speech.
三维目标设计
Knwledge and skills
1．T understand the meanings f the fllwing key wrds and expressins while hearing them in the tape：fssil fuels(化石燃料)，industrial scieties(工业化社会)，cncentrated(浓缩的)，radiatin(辐射)，ecnmical(经济的)，glbal cmmunity(地球村)，cigarette butts(烟蒂)，cmmitment(承诺)，inspiratin(启发)．
2．T enable the students t understand the listening texts.
3．T help the students learn hw t express agreement and disagreement.
Prcess and methds
1．Smthing away language prblems if any befre listening.
Befre asking the students t listen t the tape，help them t smth away any language prblems such as new wrds and expressins that they may nt understand while listening.
2．Listening fr needed infrmatin.
Befre asking the students t listen t the tape fr the first time，give them ne r tw questins abut the general idea f the text s as t lead the students t cncentrate nly n the needed infrmatin.Then ask them t listen t the tape fr a secnd r even a third time fr sme specific infrmatin by giving them sme detailed questins t answer.
3．Speaking freely and making cnversatins.
At last the students may be asked t give their wn pints f view and attitudes twards the subject mentined in the text.
Emtin，attitude and value
1．T stimulate students' spirit f cmmunicatin and cperatin.
2．T develp students' ability f enjying language beauty.
教学重、难点
1．The understanding f the listening text.
2．The expressing f agreement and disagreement.
eq \(\s\up7(),\s\d5(教学过程))
Step 1 Revisin
1．Retell the text n P26－P27.
2．Check the last perid's hmewrk and explain the difficulties.
Step 2 Pre－listening
1．Shw the fllwing pictures t the students and ask them t tell which kind f energy each picture shws.
Picture 1 ____________ Picture 2 ____________
Picture 3 ____________ Picture 4 ____________
Suggested answers：
Picture 1：tide；Picture 2：wind pwer；Picture 3：slar energy；Picture 4：nuclear energy
2．Tell the students t think ver and tell which energy is the mst widely used nw and what are its advantages and disadvantages.
________________________________________________________________________
Suggested answers：
Slar energy is the mst widely used nw.Its advantages are envirnmentally friendly and renewable.Its disadvantage is that the equipment is t expensive.
Step 3 Listening
1．Listen t Part 1 f Text 1(Page 31)and finish the fllwing exercises.
(1)Hw lng des Prfessr Keeling think fssil fuels will last?
A．Several years. B．Only a few years. C．Centuries.
(2)What is the disadvantage f nuclear energy?
A．It is dangerus.
B．It prduces carbn dixide.
C．There isn't enugh fr it.
(3)What makes it impssible fr us t use sun pwer at present?
A．The danger. B．The technlgy. C．Being clean.
Suggested answers：(1)C (2)A (3)B
2．Listen t Part 1 f Text 1 again(Page 31)and tick the energy surces that are mentined.Cmplete the ntes n them.
Suggested answers：
3.Listen t Part 2 f Text 1(Page 31)and chse the best answers t the fllwing questins.
(1)Hw many suggestins des Prfessr Keeling ffer?
A．2 B．3 C．4
(2)Which f the fllwing is t blame fr glbal warming?
A．Develping cuntries. B．Develped cuntries. C．Pr cuntries.
Suggested answers：(1)B (2)B
4．Listen t Text 2(Page 65)fr the first time and catch its main idea and then summarize each part.
Main idea：_________________________________________________
Part 1：______________________________________________________
Part 2：_____________________________________________________
Suggested answers：
Main idea：The talk is mainly abut Clean Up Australia Day and its rganizer Ian Kierman.
Part 1：Hw Ian Kierman began Clean Up Australia Day.
Part 2：Clean Up the Wrld Day and Ian Kierman's cntributin t imprving the envirnment.
5．Listen t the whle talk again.Ask students t ntice the years that Tm mentins，what happened in these years and many ther facts.Make ntes in the fllwing table.
Suggested answers：
Step 3 Speaking
Since the students have learned much knwledge abut glbal warming by bth reading and listening.It's necessary fr them t talk abut it nw.Teach them hw t express agreements and disagreements，blame and cmplaint by shwing them the fllwing patterns n the screen.
Ask students t read again what Prfessr Keeling and Li Bin say.Then in grups discuss wh yu agree with and give reasns.Use sme f the expressins listed abve r any thers they knw.
Give the students three minutes t prepare and practice，and then ask tw grups t demnstrate their dialgues in frnt f the whle class.
Step 4 Hmewrk
Write a passage t talk abut glbal warming and peple's different views n it.
Step 5 Reflectin after teaching
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
eq \(\s\up7(),\s\d5(教学参考))
Ⅰ.国际知名环保组织介绍
这些国际性的环保组织克服了重重困难，获得了世界范围内的响应和支持，依靠组织手段，将提倡的环保概念普及，并通过各种环保项目的实施，切实推动世界各地的环保进程。
(1)世界环保组织(IUCN)
全名为Internatinal Unin fr Cnservatin f Nature and Natural Resurces，缩写为IUCN，该组织历史悠久，1948年即在瑞士格兰德成立，是政府及非政府机构都能参与合作的少数几个国际组织之一。由全球81个国家、120个政府组织、超过800个非政府组织、10 000个专家及科学家组成，该组织共有181个成员国，实际工作人员已超过8500名。组织每3年召开一次世界自然保护大会(Wrld Cnservatin Cngress)。IUCN旨在影响、鼓励及协助全球各地的协会，保护自然的完整性与多样性，并确保在使用自然资源上的公平性，及生态上的可持续发展。
(2)世界自然基金会(WWF)
WWF是在全球享有盛誉的、最大的独立性非政府环境保护机构之一，在全世界拥有将近500万支持者和一个在90多个国家活跃着的网络。WWF的使命是遏止地球自然环境的恶化，创造人类与自然和谐相处的美好未来，保护世界生物多样性；确保可再生自然资源的可持续利用；推动降低污染和减少浪费性消费的行动。该组织的标志为大熊猫。
(3)全球环境基金(GEF)
GEF是关于生物多样性、气候变化、持久性有机污染物和土地荒漠化的国际公约的资金机制。GEF通过其业务规划，支持发展中国家和经济转型国家在生物多样性、气候变化、国家水域、臭氧层损耗、土地退化和持久性有机污染物的重点领域上开展活动，取得全球效益。自1991年启动以来，GEF已通过1000多个项目，向140多个发展中国家和经济转型国家提供了大约40亿美元赠款，并从各种渠道吸引了120亿美元的项目融资。2002年8月，32个捐资国保证，在随后4年内，向GEF提供近30亿美元，用于GEF活动。
(4)国际绿色和平组织
1971年，12名怀有共同梦想的人从加拿大温哥华起航，驶往安奇卡岛(Amchitka)，去阻止美国在那里进行的核试验。他们在渔船上挂了一条横幅，上面写着“绿色和平”。尽管在中途遭到美国军方阻拦，他们的行动却触发了舆论和公众的声援。次年，美国放弃在安奇卡岛进行核试验。在此后的30多年里，绿色和平组织逐渐发展成为全球最有影响力的环保组织之一。该组织继承了创始人勇敢独立的精神，坚信以行动促成改变。同时，通过研究、教育和游说工作，推动政府、企业和公众共同寻求环境问题的解决方案。绿色和平组织在中国的环保项目包括气候与能源项目——致力于减缓由燃烧煤、石油和天然气等化石燃料造成的气候变化，还有致力于消除有毒污染物的污染防治项目，森林保护项目品等。
(5)地球之友(Friends f Earth)
在香港地区创立的“地球之友”(Friends f the Earth Internatinal)是著名的环境非政府组织之一，还是反全球化运动的一支重要力量。与其他环境组织一样，“地球之友”近年来也改变了就环境问题谈环境的做法，转而将环境问题与社会问题及发展问题联系起来，既扩大了活动领域，也扩大了影响。自1983年成立以来，“地球之友”曾经走过一段艰辛的路。在香港的超级物质主义的大潮流下，“地球之友”仍然坚守使命，捍卫公众利益，维护环境公义，不屈不挠地推动环保，反对扩充发电厂、滥用杀虫剂、侵占郊野土地、关注过度消费、城市空气污染、水质污染、填海和环境管理失误等问题。
Ⅱ.Kids F．(儿童环保组织“为了世界更清洁”)
Melissa Pe was 9 years ld when she began a campaign fr a cleaner envirnment by writing a letter t the then President Bush.Thrugh her wn effrts，her letter was reprduced n ver 250 dnated billbards acrss the cuntry.
The respnse t her request fr help was s huge that Pe established Kids fr A Cleaner Envirnment(Kids F．)in 1989.There are nw 300 000 members f Kids F． and is the wrld's largest yuth envirnmental rganizatin.
Pe has als asked the Natinal Park Service t carry ut a “Children's Frest” prject in every natinal park.In 1992，she was invited as ne f nly six children in the wrld t speak at the Earth Summit in Brazil as part f the Vices f the Future Prgram.In 1993，she was given a Caring Award fr her effrts by the Caring Institute.
Since the rganizatin started，Kids F． have distributed and planted ver 1 millin trees! Onging tree－planting prjects include Kid's Yards—the creatin f backyard wildlife habitats(栖息地)and nw Kids F． invlved in the exciting Earth Odyssey，which is a great way t start helping.
“Starting the club turned ut t be a way t help peple get invlved with the envirnment.Club members started ding things like recycling，picking up litter and planting trees as well as inviting ther kids t jin their club.”
“We try t tell kids that it's nt OK t be lazy，” she explains.“Yu need t start being a respnsible，envirnmentally friendly persn nw，right away，befre yu becme a resurce－sucking adult.”
Surces f energy
Ntes
Fssil fuels
Wind pwer
Energy frm the sun
[来源:学。科。网]
Nuclear pwer
Surces f energy
Ntes
Fssil fuels
●prduce carbn dixide
●cheap and cncentrated frm f energy
Wind pwer
●clean
●nt practical：need huge areas f land t prvide enugh energy
Energy frm the sun
●clean
●nt very practical with present technlgy
Nuclear pwer
●desn't prduce carbn dixide
●dangerus
Year
Event
Facts abut the event
Year
Event
Facts abut the event
1987
Ian Kierman cmpeted in a rund－the－wrld yacht race
He was shcked at the pllutin in the cean.
1989
Clean－up Day fr Sydney Harbur
40 000 vlunteers；cllected ld car bdies，plastics，glass bttles，cigarette butts
1990
The first Clean Up Australia Day
300 000 vlunteers
2001
Clean Up Australia Day
Mst cmmn kinds f rubbish：cigarette butts，glass bttles and plastic bags
1993
The first Clean Up the Wrld Day
30 millin vlunteers in 80 cuntries
2001
Clean Up the Wrld Day
40 millin vlunteers in 128 cuntries；cleaned streets，beaches，river banks and parks
(Slide shw)
Agreement：
Exactly.
Yu're right.
I agree.
That's crrect/true/right.
Disagreement：
I'm afraid I disagree with yu.
I'm afraid nt.
I dn't think s.
N way.
I dn't agree.
I dubt...
Blame and cmplaint：
I'm srry t bring this up，
I'm srry t have t say this，but...
They shuldn't have dne it.
They are t blame.
Perhaps/Maybe they shuld/ught t...
Why dn't yu d smething abut it？
教学内容分析
The emphasis f this perid will be placed n listening and speaking.There are altgether tw texts fr the students t listen t in this perid：ne is in the Student's Bk and the ther is in the Wrkbk.The first ne(n Page 31，Listening and speaking)is a cnversatin between tw peple，Li Bin and Prfessr Keeling，wh is a scientist studying glbal warming.Prfessr Keeling has been mentined in the reading passage n Page 26.The listening text is a radi interview abut the use f fssil fuels and ther surces f energy.It cntains examples f the fcus functin fr this unit：agreement and disagreement.While listening t Part 1 fr the first time the students are asked t decide which statement in Exercise 1 Prfessr Keeling des NOT agree with.Then students are required t listen t Part 1 again and tick the energy surces that are mentined in the text.After listening t Part 2 students are asked t list three things they can d t save energy.At last they shuld als listen t Part 2 again and fill in the blanks in Exercise 4.
The secnd ne(n Page 65，Listening Task)invlves an envirnmental rganizatin.A student，Tm，is giving an ral presentatin.As with mst ral presentatins that students give，Tm has sme visual aids t g with his talk.Students will first be required t listen t the whle speech t get the general idea，and then listen again and take sme ntes abut sme facts mentined in the speech.
三维目标设计
Knwledge and skills
1．T understand the meanings f the fllwing key wrds and expressins while hearing them in the tape：fssil fuels(化石燃料)，industrial scieties(工业化社会)，cncentrated(浓缩的)，radiatin(辐射)，ecnmical(经济的)，glbal cmmunity(地球村)，cigarette butts(烟蒂)，cmmitment(承诺)，inspiratin(启发)．
2．T enable the students t understand the listening texts.
3．T help the students learn hw t express agreement and disagreement.
Prcess and methds
1．Smthing away language prblems if any befre listening.
Befre asking the students t listen t the tape，help them t smth away any language prblems such as new wrds and expressins that they may nt understand while listening.
2．Listening fr needed infrmatin.
Befre asking the students t listen t the tape fr the first time，give them ne r tw questins abut the general idea f the text s as t lead the students t cncentrate nly n the needed infrmatin.Then ask them t listen t the tape fr a secnd r even a third time fr sme specific infrmatin by giving them sme detailed questins t answer.
3．Speaking freely and making cnversatins.
At last the students may be asked t give their wn pints f view and attitudes twards the subject mentined in the text.
Emtin，attitude and value
1．T stimulate students' spirit f cmmunicatin and cperatin.
2．T develp students' ability f enjying language beauty.
教学重、难点
1．The understanding f the listening text.
2．The expressing f agreement and disagreement.
eq \(\s\up7(),\s\d5(教学过程))
Step 1 Revisin
1．Retell the text n P26－P27.
2．Check the last perid's hmewrk and explain the difficulties.
Step 2 Pre－listening
1．Shw the fllwing pictures t the students and ask them t tell which kind f energy each picture shws.
Picture 1 ____________ Picture 2 ____________
Picture 3 ____________ Picture 4 ____________
Suggested answers：
Picture 1：tide；Picture 2：wind pwer；Picture 3：slar energy；Picture 4：nuclear energy
2．Tell the students t think ver and tell which energy is the mst widely used nw and what are its advantages and disadvantages.
________________________________________________________________________
Suggested answers：
Slar energy is the mst widely used nw.Its advantages are envirnmentally friendly and renewable.Its disadvantage is that the equipment is t expensive.
Step 3 Listening
1．Listen t Part 1 f Text 1(Page 31)and finish the fllwing exercises.
(1)Hw lng des Prfessr Keeling think fssil fuels will last?
A．Several years. B．Only a few years. C．Centuries.
(2)What is the disadvantage f nuclear energy?
A．It is dangerus.
B．It prduces carbn dixide.
C．There isn't enugh fr it.
(3)What makes it impssible fr us t use sun pwer at present?
A．The danger. B．The technlgy. C．Being clean.
Suggested answers：(1)C (2)A (3)B
2．Listen t Part 1 f Text 1 again(Page 31)and tick the energy surces that are mentined.Cmplete the ntes n them.
Suggested answers：
3.Listen t Part 2 f Text 1(Page 31)and chse the best answers t the fllwing questins.
(1)Hw many suggestins des Prfessr Keeling ffer?
A．2 B．3 C．4
(2)Which f the fllwing is t blame fr glbal warming?
A．Develping cuntries. B．Develped cuntries. C．Pr cuntries.
Suggested answers：(1)B (2)B
4．Listen t Text 2(Page 65)fr the first time and catch its main idea and then summarize each part.
Main idea：_________________________________________________
Part 1：______________________________________________________
Part 2：_____________________________________________________
Suggested answers：
Main idea：The talk is mainly abut Clean Up Australia Day and its rganizer Ian Kierman.
Part 1：Hw Ian Kierman began Clean Up Australia Day.
Part 2：Clean Up the Wrld Day and Ian Kierman's cntributin t imprving the envirnment.
5．Listen t the whle talk again.Ask students t ntice the years that Tm mentins，what happened in these years and many ther facts.Make ntes in the fllwing table.
Suggested answers：
Step 3 Speaking
Since the students have learned much knwledge abut glbal warming by bth reading and listening.It's necessary fr them t talk abut it nw.Teach them hw t express agreements and disagreements，blame and cmplaint by shwing them the fllwing patterns n the screen.
Ask students t read again what Prfessr Keeling and Li Bin say.Then in grups discuss wh yu agree with and give reasns.Use sme f the expressins listed abve r any thers they knw.
Give the students three minutes t prepare and practice，and then ask tw grups t demnstrate their dialgues in frnt f the whle class.
Step 4 Hmewrk
Write a passage t talk abut glbal warming and peple's different views n it.
Step 5 Reflectin after teaching
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
eq \(\s\up7(),\s\d5(教学参考))
Ⅰ.国际知名环保组织介绍
这些国际性的环保组织克服了重重困难，获得了世界范围内的响应和支持，依靠组织手段，将提倡的环保概念普及，并通过各种环保项目的实施，切实推动世界各地的环保进程。
(1)世界环保组织(IUCN)
全名为Internatinal Unin fr Cnservatin f Nature and Natural Resurces，缩写为IUCN，该组织历史悠久，1948年即在瑞士格兰德成立，是政府及非政府机构都能参与合作的少数几个国际组织之一。由全球81个国家、120个政府组织、超过800个非政府组织、10 000个专家及科学家组成，该组织共有181个成员国，实际工作人员已超过8500名。组织每3年召开一次世界自然保护大会(Wrld Cnservatin Cngress)。IUCN旨在影响、鼓励及协助全球各地的协会，保护自然的完整性与多样性，并确保在使用自然资源上的公平性，及生态上的可持续发展。
(2)世界自然基金会(WWF)
WWF是在全球享有盛誉的、最大的独立性非政府环境保护机构之一，在全世界拥有将近500万支持者和一个在90多个国家活跃着的网络。WWF的使命是遏止地球自然环境的恶化，创造人类与自然和谐相处的美好未来，保护世界生物多样性；确保可再生自然资源的可持续利用；推动降低污染和减少浪费性消费的行动。该组织的标志为大熊猫。
(3)全球环境基金(GEF)
GEF是关于生物多样性、气候变化、持久性有机污染物和土地荒漠化的国际公约的资金机制。GEF通过其业务规划，支持发展中国家和经济转型国家在生物多样性、气候变化、国家水域、臭氧层损耗、土地退化和持久性有机污染物的重点领域上开展活动，取得全球效益。自1991年启动以来，GEF已通过1000多个项目，向140多个发展中国家和经济转型国家提供了大约40亿美元赠款，并从各种渠道吸引了120亿美元的项目融资。2002年8月，32个捐资国保证，在随后4年内，向GEF提供近30亿美元，用于GEF活动。
(4)国际绿色和平组织
1971年，12名怀有共同梦想的人从加拿大温哥华起航，驶往安奇卡岛(Amchitka)，去阻止美国在那里进行的核试验。他们在渔船上挂了一条横幅，上面写着“绿色和平”。尽管在中途遭到美国军方阻拦，他们的行动却触发了舆论和公众的声援。次年，美国放弃在安奇卡岛进行核试验。在此后的30多年里，绿色和平组织逐渐发展成为全球最有影响力的环保组织之一。该组织继承了创始人勇敢独立的精神，坚信以行动促成改变。同时，通过研究、教育和游说工作，推动政府、企业和公众共同寻求环境问题的解决方案。绿色和平组织在中国的环保项目包括气候与能源项目——致力于减缓由燃烧煤、石油和天然气等化石燃料造成的气候变化，还有致力于消除有毒污染物的污染防治项目，森林保护项目品等。
(5)地球之友(Friends f Earth)
在香港地区创立的“地球之友”(Friends f the Earth Internatinal)是著名的环境非政府组织之一，还是反全球化运动的一支重要力量。与其他环境组织一样，“地球之友”近年来也改变了就环境问题谈环境的做法，转而将环境问题与社会问题及发展问题联系起来，既扩大了活动领域，也扩大了影响。自1983年成立以来，“地球之友”曾经走过一段艰辛的路。在香港的超级物质主义的大潮流下，“地球之友”仍然坚守使命，捍卫公众利益，维护环境公义，不屈不挠地推动环保，反对扩充发电厂、滥用杀虫剂、侵占郊野土地、关注过度消费、城市空气污染、水质污染、填海和环境管理失误等问题。
Ⅱ.Kids F．(儿童环保组织“为了世界更清洁”)
Melissa Pe was 9 years ld when she began a campaign fr a cleaner envirnment by writing a letter t the then President Bush.Thrugh her wn effrts，her letter was reprduced n ver 250 dnated billbards acrss the cuntry.
The respnse t her request fr help was s huge that Pe established Kids fr A Cleaner Envirnment(Kids F．)in 1989.There are nw 300 000 members f Kids F． and is the wrld's largest yuth envirnmental rganizatin.
Pe has als asked the Natinal Park Service t carry ut a “Children's Frest” prject in every natinal park.In 1992，she was invited as ne f nly six children in the wrld t speak at the Earth Summit in Brazil as part f the Vices f the Future Prgram.In 1993，she was given a Caring Award fr her effrts by the Caring Institute.
Since the rganizatin started，Kids F． have distributed and planted ver 1 millin trees! Onging tree－planting prjects include Kid's Yards—the creatin f backyard wildlife habitats(栖息地)and nw Kids F． invlved in the exciting Earth Odyssey，which is a great way t start helping.
“Starting the club turned ut t be a way t help peple get invlved with the envirnment.Club members started ding things like recycling，picking up litter and planting trees as well as inviting ther kids t jin their club.”
“We try t tell kids that it's nt OK t be lazy，” she explains.“Yu need t start being a respnsible，envirnmentally friendly persn nw，right away，befre yu becme a resurce－sucking adult.”
Surces f energy
Ntes
Fssil fuels
Wind pwer
Energy frm the sun
[来源:学。科。网]
Nuclear pwer
Surces f energy
Ntes
Fssil fuels
●prduce carbn dixide
●cheap and cncentrated frm f energy
Wind pwer
●clean
●nt practical：need huge areas f land t prvide enugh energy
Energy frm the sun
●clean
●nt very practical with present technlgy
Nuclear pwer
●desn't prduce carbn dixide
●dangerus
Year
Event
Facts abut the event
Year
Event
Facts abut the event
1987
Ian Kierman cmpeted in a rund－the－wrld yacht race
He was shcked at the pllutin in the cean.
1989
Clean－up Day fr Sydney Harbur
40 000 vlunteers；cllected ld car bdies，plastics，glass bttles，cigarette butts
1990
The first Clean Up Australia Day
300 000 vlunteers
2001
Clean Up Australia Day
Mst cmmn kinds f rubbish：cigarette butts，glass bttles and plastic bags
1993
The first Clean Up the Wrld Day
30 millin vlunteers in 80 cuntries
2001
Clean Up the Wrld Day
40 millin vlunteers in 128 cuntries；cleaned streets，beaches，river banks and parks
(Slide shw)
Agreement：
Exactly.
Yu're right.
I agree.
That's crrect/true/right.
Disagreement：
I'm afraid I disagree with yu.
I'm afraid nt.
I dn't think s.
N way.
I dn't agree.
I dubt...
Blame and cmplaint：
I'm srry t bring this up，
I'm srry t have t say this，but...
They shuldn't have dne it.
They are t blame.
Perhaps/Maybe they shuld/ught t...
Why dn't yu d smething abut it？
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