高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 2 Wildlife protection教案

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 2 Wildlife protection教案，共12页。
This perid is the highlight f the whle unit.It lays emphasis n reading and understanding.
First the teacher shuld check if the students have mastered the new wrds and expressins by asking them t fill in the blanks f sme sentences by using sme f the wrds and phrases that will appear in the reading passage.This part can help the students t learn wrds and expressins by heart in a certain language situatin.
Then in Pre-reading part, the students are asked t distinguish the differences between the UK, Great Britain and England.Hence, the teacher can lead t the tpic f the histrical influence n gegraphy in the cuntry.Prvided with tw simple questins: “Did the cuntries f the UK unite peacefully r by war?Where shuld we g if we want t appreciate sme histrical attractins f the UK?”, the students will read the passage fast and find the answers directly in the passage.
Next, the students will first listen t the tape with their textbks clsed.In rder t make this step efficient, the teacher will prvide them with five statements based n the passage.While listening, the students shuld judge whether these statements are true r false.If it is false, the students shuld crrect it.
Then the students will be given several minutes t read the passage silently.They shuld divide the passage int three parts and write the main ideas f each part.In rder t help the students understand the passage better, the teacher can prvide sme cmprehending exercises, including answering sme questins, paraphrasing sme difficult sentences.As t the secnd, third and sixth paragraphs, the students will finish tw tables, analyzing the details.The purpse f this step is t train the students’ability f reading cmprehensin, which is a very imprtant skill.
At last, the students will d a speaking task in pairs.One acts as a visitr t England and the ther acts as a native Englishman.The visitr is asking the native sme questins abut the gegraphy the United Kingdm.This part nt nly helps the students t revise what the have learned in this part but als prvides them with an pprtunity t speak in English.
Teaching Imprtant Pints
Imprve the students’ reading ability.
Train the students’ ability t grasp key infrmatin while listening.
Teaching Difficulties
Knw abut the UK’s histrical influence n the gegraphy.
Knw abut the histrical treasures left by the invaders.
Teaching Aids
a tape recrder
a prjectr
the blackbard
Three Dimensinal Teaching Aims
Knwledge Aims
debate, clarify, legal, relatin, cnvenience, attractin, influence, cllectin, cnstruct, puzzle, educatinal, rughly, industrial, histrical
break away frm, leave ut, , be linked t, t ne’s surprise, as well as, be knwn as, lk arund, keep ne’s eyes pen, make ne’s trip wrthwhile
There is n need t debate any mre abut why different wrds are used t describe the fur cuntries: England, Wales, Sctland and Nrthern Ireland.
Yu must keep yur eyes pen if yu are ging t make yur trip t the United Kingdm wrthwhile!
Ability Aims
Learn sme detailed infrmatin abut the United Kingdm.
Imprve the students’ reading ability.
Train the students’ ability t grasp key infrmatin while listening.
Train the students’ speaking ability.
Emtinal Aims
Train the students’ability t cperate with thers.
Knw abut the UK’s histrical influence n the gegraphy.
Knw abut the histrical treasures left by the invaders.
Teaching Prcedure
Step 1 Greetings
Greet the students as usual.
Step 2 Revisin
T: At the beginning f this perid, I will check if yu have mastered the new wrds and phrases in this unit.Please finish the fllwing sentences using sme wrds and phrase in this unit.Please pay attentin t the frms f the wrds and phrases.
1.The UK__________fur cuntries.
2.Many peple find the gegraphy f the UK__________ .
3.Unless the mney is paid immediately we shall be frced t take__________ actin.
4.The printer has__________tw lines frm this paragraph.
5.Janet has a very gd __________f freign cins.
6.I dn’t want t__________yu.Yu must decide fr yurself.
7.It is difficult t__________a bad habit.
8.The explanatin in the nte__________ the difficult sentence.
9.Shpping bags are prvided fr the custmers’ __________.
10.It takes abut tw years t__________a large bridge.
(Give the students several minutes t think abut them.)
Suggested answers:
1.cnsists f
2.puzzling
3.legal
4.left ut
5.cllectin
6.influence
7.break away frm
8.clarified
9.cnvenience
10.cnstruct
Step 3 Pre-reading
T: In the first perid, yu have learned a brief intrductin t the UK.D yu knw the difference between the United Kingdm, Great Britain, and England?
S: I find their relatinship puzzling.
T: The fficial name f the cuntry is“The United Kingdm f Great Britain and Nrthern Ireland.”The United Kingdm cnsists f Great Britain and Nrthern Ireland.Great Britain is the name f the island nrthwest f France and east f Ireland that can be divided int three regins: England, Wales and Sctland.Therefre, England is part f Great Britain, which is part f the United Kingdm.The puzzling situatin was caused by the histry.In this unit we will learn abut the histrical influence n the gegraphy f the cuntry.
Step 4 Fast Reading
T: Read the passage entitled“Puzzles in Gegraphy”, and answer the fllwing questins.
1.Did the cuntries f the UK unite peacefully r by war?
2.Where shuld we g if we want t appreciate sme histrical attractins f the UK?
(Give the students several minutes t read the passage silently, and answer the questins.)
(The teacher checks the answers with the whle class.)
S: The cuntries united peacefully instead f by war.
S: We shuld g t sme lder but smaller twns t appreciate sme histrical attractins.
T: Excellent.
Step 5 Listening and Understanding
T: Nw I’ll play the tape fr yu t listen.While listening, please find ut whether the fllwing statements are true r false.
True r False Questins:
1.When Wales and England united, the cuntry was named Great Britain.
2.The nrthern part f Ireland brke away t becme an independent cuntry.
3.The cuntries in the UK have develped their wn educatinal and legal systems.
4.Mst peple in Lndn live in the Suth.
5.The Nrmans influenced the vcabulary and place-names f the Nrth f Lndn.
(The teacher plays the tape.)
Suggested answers:
1.False Because Great Britain was the name given when England and Wales were jined t Sctland.
2.False Because it was the suthern part f Ireland that brke away t frm its wn gvernment.
3.True.
4.True.
5.False Because the Nrmans left castles and wrds fr fd, while the Vikings influenced the vcabulary and place-names f the Nrth f Lndn.
T: Yu have dne a very gd jb.
Step 6 Detailed Reading
T: Nw I will give yu several minutes t read the passage again.While reading, please try t divide the passage int three parts and write dwn the main idea f each part.
(Students read the passage and finish the task.)
S: Part 1: Paragraph 1 The intrductin t the tpic.
Part 2: Paragraph 2-5 The histrical influence n its gegraphy.
Part 3: Paragraph 6 Histrical treasure left by the invaders.
T: Lk at the first sentence in Paragraph 1, “There is n need t debate any mre abut why different wrds are used t describe the fur cuntries: England, Wales, Sctland and Nrthern Ireland.”Can yu say it in anther way?Try t fill in the blanks in the sentence: 
It is __________ t __________ any mre abut why peple __________ different wrds t describe the fur cuntries.
S: It is unnecessary t argue any mre abut why peple use different wrds t describe the fur cuntries.
T: Read the secnd part.
T: Here is the natinal flag f the United Kingdm.What is it called?
S: The Unin Jack.
T: Here are the descriptins f the flag.Read it.
Blue field with the red crss f St Gerge (England) edged in white superimpsed n the diagnal red crss f St Patrick (Ireland), which is superimpsed n the diagnal white crss f St Andrew (Sctland).It is prperly knwn as the Unin Flag, but cmmnly called the Unin Jack.The design and clrs (especially the Blue Ensign) have been the basis fr a number f ther flags including ther Cmmnwealth cuntries and their cnstituent states r prvinces, as well as British verseas territries.
T: Which cuntry is left ut?Why?
S: Wales.Wales was linked t England in the 13th century AD, s when peple refer t England, it is included as well.
T: Have yu fund ut hw the fur cuntries jined tgether?Use the infrmatin frm the passage t fill in the blanks.
The Frmatin f the United Kingdm: 
__________→__________→__________→__________
S: England → Wales jined England (13th century A.D.) → England, Wales jined Sctland (1603) → England, Wales, Sctland gt Nrthern Ireland cnnected
T: Often will use England t stand fr the UK.One f the reasns is that England is the largest f the fur cuntries.S England is divided int three znes.D yu knw the three znes?
S: The Suth, the Midlands and the Nrth.
T: Yes.Lk at the map in part 2 n Page 11.Draw lines acrss t shw the znes f the Suth, Midlands and Nrth f England.Then put each twn r city int its crrect zne.
S: Yrk, Leeds, Manchester and Sheffield belng t the Nrth.
S: Birmingham and Cventry belng t the Midlands.
S: Plymuth, Brightn, Reading and Lndn belng t the Suth.
T: Yu did quite a gd jb.
T: D yu have any questins abut Part 2?
S: What des “thse” mean in the sentence “Fr thse yu have t g t lder but smaller twns first built by the Rmans.”?
T: In rder t analyze“thse”, yu have t read the sentence befre it.“ industrial nt have the histrical attractins f ther places.”S nw d yu knw what “thse” refers t?
S: Yes.It must refer t “the histrical attractins”.
T: Yu are very clever.Nw try t paraphrase the sentence by finishing the fllwing sentence.
__________ yu want t __________ sme __________ __________, yu have t g t lder but smaller twns __________ __________ first built by the Rmans.
S: If yu want t see sme histrical attractins, yu have t g t lder but smaller twns which were first built by the Rmans.
T: Yu are right.
T: The last part tells us abut the invaders’ influence n England and Lndn.Read it and try t fill in the table belw.
(After a few minutes.)
T: Nw let’s check yur answers.
Step 7 Pair Wrk
The students wrk in pairs t make a dialgue.One f them is a native Englishman, while the ther is a visitr t England.The visitr is asking the native Englishman abut the gegraphy f the United Kingdm.
(The teacher gives the students t practice in pairs fr a few minutes.)
(Then the teacher asks ne r tw pairs t cme t the frnt t demnstrate their dialgues.)
One example:
A: Welcme t England.Is this yur first visit t England?
B: Yes.I’m very glad t meet yu.Wuld yu mind if I asked yu sme questins?
A: Of curse nt.G ahead.
B: Is yur cuntry called England r Britain?I am really puzzled.
A: Actually, the whle cuntry is called the UK, which stands fr the United Kingdm f Great Britain and Nrthern Ireland.The Great Britain is made up f three cuntries, that is, England, Wales and Sctland.
A: What abut the suthern part f Ireland?
B: The suthern part f that island brke away t frm its wn gvernment.
B: Then why d peple call yur cuntry England smetimes?
A: Oh, that’s because England is the largest ne f the fur cuntries.
B: I see.I have anther questin.Last time when I watched the Wrld Cup, I nticed there is a ftball team f England.But there are als teams f Nrthern Ireland and Sctland.Can yu explain this t me?
A: The fur cuntries d wrk tgether in sme areas, but they are still very different.Fr example, Nrthern Ireland, England and Sctland have develped different educatinal and legal systems as well as different ftball teams fr cmpetitins like the Wrld Cup.
B: I see.Thank yu fr yur kindness.
A: Yu are welcme.Have a gd stay in England.
B: Thanks.Bye.
A: Bye.
Step 8 Hmewrk
1.Try t write a shrt summary f the passage in abut 50 wrds.
2.Finish Part 1 in Learning abut language n Page 11.
The Design f the Writing n the Blackbard
Unit 2 The United Kingdm
Perid 2 Reading
Ⅰ Wrds & phrases:
1.cnsists f
2.puzzling
3.legal
4.left ut
5.cllectin 
6.influence
7.break away frm
8.clarified
9.cnvenience
10.cnstruct
Ⅱ Fast-reading
1.Did the cuntries f the UK unite peacefully r by war?
2.Where shuld we g if we want t appreciate sme histrical attractins f the UK?
Ⅲ Invaders’ influence n England and Lndn
Research and Activities
Read anther passage abut the United Kingdm.Cmpare it with the passage “Puzzles in Gegraphy”, paying special attentin t the writing styles f the tw writers.
BRITAIN AND IRELAND
The island f Britain lies t the east f Ireland.The tw are separated by the Irish Sea.
The letters“UK”stand fr“The United Kingdm f Great Britain and Nrthern Ireland.”The UK is made up f fur cuntries.In the nrth is Sctland, with its capital Edinburgh.Sctland has many lakes and muntains, and is famus fr its beautiful.
Wales lies t the west f England.Its capital is Cardiff.Everyne there can speak English, but the first language in Nrth Wales is Welsh.There are Welsh newspapers.Prgrammes n the radi and TV are in Welsh.The cuntryside here is very beautiful t, with lts f muntains and rivers.There used t be a lt f cal mines in the suth, but many f them have been clsed, r are abut t be clsed.
England, the largest cuntry in Britain, is in the sutheast.Its capital is Lndn, which is als the capital f the UK.Lndn lies n the River Thames and has a ppulatin f seven millin. Much f England is rather flat, althugh there are hills in the nrtheast and in the centre f the cuntry.
Ireland is divided int tw cuntries.In the nrth, Nrthern Ireland, with its capital Belfast, is part f the United Kingdm.The Suthern part f the island is a separate cuntry, called the Republic f Ireland with Dublin as its capital.
Generally, the weather in Britain is neither t cld in winter nr t ht in summer.It is clder in the nrth, warmer in the suth, drier in the east and wetter in the west.Ireland is especially wet.In all parts f Britain it rains every mnth f the year; there is n“dry seasn”.Snw falls in Sctland every winter and smetimes in England and Wales t.Falls f snw in Ireland are mst unusual.
*Questin fr discussin:
Bth passages are abut the United Kingdm, but the tw writers fcused n different things.What are the majr differences between the tw passages?
Reference fr Teaching
An Intrductin t the United Kingdm
The United Kingdm f Great Britain and Nrthern Ireland is a cuntry in western Eurpe.It is a Cmmnwealth Realm, and a member f the Eurpean Unin and NATO.Usually knwn simply as the United Kingdm r the UK, it is als ften inaccurately named Great Britain, Britain r England (the mst ppulus f the hme natins).The UK has fur cnstituent parts, three f which—the ancient natins f England, Wales and Sctland—are lcated n the island f Great Britanin.The furth part is Nrthern Ireland, which is lcated n the island f Ireland.
The brder between Nrthern Ireland and the Republic f Ireland frms the United Kingdm’s principal internatinal land brder, althugh there is als a nminal frntier with France in the middle f the Channel Tunnel.The UK als has verseas territries thrughut the wrld, and relatinships with several Crwn dependencies.
The UK was frmed by a series f Acts f Unin which united the Kingdm f England (which included Wales as a principality) with thse f, first, Kingdm f Sctland and then Kingdm f Ireland under a single gvernment in Lndn.The greater part f Ireland left the United Kingdm (then called the United Kingdm f Great Britain and Ireland) in 1922 t frm an independent state (in which, until 1949, the King f the United Kingdm was als King f Ireland).This state later became the Republic f Ireland.Six cunties in the nrth-eastern prtin f the island, meanwhile, remained a part f the United Kingdm, frming Nrthern Ireland t this day.
The UK is situated ff the nrth-western cast f cntinental Eurpe, and has a land brder with the Republic f Ireland, but is therwise surrunded by the Nrth Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea, the Irish Sea, and the Atlantic Ocean.
Great Britain, r just Britain, is the gegraphical name f the largest f the British Isles (ften als including its smaller neighbring islands, thugh never Ireland).Plitically, the term Great Britain refers cllectively t the natins f England, Wales and Sctland (i.e., the United Kingdm except fr Nrthern Ireland).This plitical usage f “Great Britain” dates frm the persnal unin f the Crwns f Sctland and England (including Wales) in 1603, with the term being used in the sense “all f Britain”.In the early years f the “United Kingdm f Great Britain”, frmed by the Act f Unin f 1707, it was custmary t refer fficially t Sctland and t England and Wales as, respectively, “Nrth Britain” and“Suth Britain”, thugh the usage never really caught n.It shuld be nted that the practice by sme, the infrmal media in particular, f using “(Great) Britain” as shrthand fr the United Kingdm is an inaccuracy, which can cause ffence.
The British Isles is a term frequently used t refer t the archipelag which includes the mainland f Great Britain, the mainland f Ireland, and the smaller islands assciated with these tw, such as the Channel Islands, the Hebrides, the Isle f Man, the Isle f Wight, Orkney, the Shetland Islands, etc.The term is, hwever, ften avided, especially in Ireland, by thse wh are cnscius that it is smetimes misunderstd internatinally t mean “the islands belnging t Britain (i.e. the United Kingdm)”, a descriptin ut f date in the Irish case since 1922.An alternative, the Islands f the Nrth Atlantic(IONA) has been prpsed, but is little used utside diplmatic circles.
GEOGRAPHY
King James Ⅰ
BIOGRAPHY
AN INFANT KING.
James Charles Stuart was brn n June 19, 1566 at Edinburgh Castle in Sctland.His father, Lrd Darnley, was murdered in early 1567 befre yung James was 1 year ld.His mther, Mary Queen f Scts, subsequently ascended（上升） t the Scttish thrne.Her reign（统治）, hwever was shrt lived and she was frced t abdicate（退位） in favr f her sn n July 24, 1567.Little James was crwned King James Ⅵ f Sctland five days later at the tender age f 13 mnths.Refrmatin leader Jhn Knx preached the sermn at his crnatin（加冕礼）.
James’ mther, Mary, was imprisned in England by her cusin Queen Elizabeth and 19 years later, in February f 1587, was executed fr her part in the cnspiracy（阴谋） t assassinate（暗杀）Queen Elizabeth.King James never knew his mther.
And s, like many mnarchs f the time, King James was reared by neither father nr mther but rather by tutrs.Of his fur tutrs, perhaps ne f the mst influential was Gerge Buchanan, a staunch（坚定的）Calvinist.It was under Mr.Buchanan’s strict teaching methds that King James became ne f the mst learned and intellectually curius men t ever sit n any thrne. Mr. Buchanan was 64 years ld when he began tutring the yung king.
KING JAMES BEGINS TO REIGN IN SCOTLAND.
King James began t rule his native Sctland when he was 19 years ld.A few years later, he tk Anne f Denmark t be his queen.King James lved his wife and wrte beautiful petry fr her.Tgether they had nine children.Once, when the King and Queen were ut hunting, Queen Anne accidentally killed the King’s favrite hunting dg, Jewell.The Queen felt badly abut this and the King bught her a gift t ease her mind f this incident.
King James believed in the Divine Right f Kings and the mnarch’s duty t reign accrding t Gd’s law and the public gd.In rder t pass n his kingly instructin t his eldest sn, Prince Henry, King James wrte Basilicn Drn which means, “the Kingly Gift”.Basilicn Drn was nt meant fr general publicatin, but fr the instructin f the yung prince in the likely event that his father wuld nt survive t instruct him—King James was sickly and survived a number f assassinatin attempts.The King bund his printer Rbert Waldegrave t secrecy and rdered an editin f nly seven cpies.Smehw, hwever, intelligence f the bk and its cntents gt abrad.
Subsequently, there was s much demand fr Basilicn Drn that frged（稳步前进）, crrupted cpies were being distributed.With these pressures, the King then had it published fr the general public and it became a bestseller.It was published in English, Welsh, Latin, French, Swedish and German fr a perid f ver 50 years.
Basilicn Drn is a shrt treatise（论文）, nly 153 pages lng.It cnsists f three shrt vlumes, the first f which is “A King’s Christian Duetie twards Gd.”James D’israeli said, “James had frmed the mst elevated cnceptin f the virtues and duties f a mnarch.”
In Basilicn Drn, King James’ understanding f Christian discipleship, style and prse are at their best.He skillfully intertwines sacred scripture with gdly and Christian advice.The King ffers his sn this imprtant advice n knwing Gd: 
Diligently read his wrd, & fr the right understanding theref.Search the scriptures saith Christ fr they will bear testimny f me.The whle Scriptures saith Paul are prfitable t teach, t imprve, t crrect, and t instruct in righteusness, that the man f Gd may be perfect unt all gd wrks.
“The whle Scripture cntayneth but tw things: a cmmand and a prhibitin.Obey in wrship f Gd is whlly grunded upn the Scripture, quickened by faith.”
Basilicn Drn
by King James
THE KING UNITES SCOTLAND AND ENGLAND.
King James’ great aspiratin t be the first King f bth Sctland and England was realized in 1603 upn the death f Queen Elizabeth.When he ascended t the English thrne that year he had already been king f Sctland fr 36 years.He was nw knwn as King James VI f Sctland & I f England. The king played a masterly plitical game and kept his kingdm ut f war.Fr the first time a Scttish mnarch wielded effective authrity ver the mre far-flung areas f the realm（领域）.He supprted literature bth thrugh his wn writing and his patrnage（赞助）.There was peace during his reign—bth with his subjects and freign pwers.
THE KING HAD MANY ENEMIES.
As a Sctsman ruling ver the English, the King endured much racism and slander—especially frm the nce pwerful English Lrds and Ladies wh he replaced with his Scttish cuntrymen.Unfrtunately, many f tday’s histrians lk t the writings f hstile surces such as Sir Anthny Weldn and Francis Osbrne as accurate descriptins f this great king.
One f the king’s detractrs（诽谤者）, Sir Anthny Weldn, was knighted by King James but was subsequently dismissed after King James fund racist writings by Weldn abut the King’s native Sctland.Many histrians tday qute Weldn as if he were a reliable histrical surce. Examples f Weldn’s racism are fund in his treatise entitled, “A Perfect Descriptin f the Peple and Cuntry f Sctland” where he says that the Scts are a “stinking peple” wh hld “ a pastime”.He als said,
“ flesh naturally abhrs cleanness.Their breath cmmnly stinks f be chained in marriage with ne f them, were t be tied t a dead carcass, and cast int a stinking d wnder James shuld be brn in s stinking a twn as Edinburgh in lusy Sctland.”
Despite this bvius bias, histrians cntinue t cnsult the writings f Anthny Weldn wh intimated that King James had inrdinate affectins twards ther men—but he did nt d this until 25 years after King James was dead and culd nt defend himself.Tday’s sdmite/ hmsexual cmmunity is tuting the King as ne f their wn, which he was nt.These misinfrmed surces, virtually withut exceptin, fail t mentin that King James and his Queen had nine children tgether.Yu can read abut the rumrs in this article r check ut an excellently researched bk n the subject by Stephen Cstn, Sr.entitled, King James: Unjustly Accused?
Almst prphetically, the king wrte f his enemies: 
“They quarrel me (nt fr any evil r vice in me) but because I was a king, which they thught the highest evil, and because they were ashamed t prfess this quarrel they were busy t lk narrwly in all my actins, and I warrant yu a mat in my eye, yes a false reprt was matter enugh fr them t wrk upn.”
—James I, Basilicn Drn
The religin was als an enemy f king James.Papists (as King James called them) attempted t assassinate him a number f times.Mst ntably, in 1605 Rman Cathlic Guy Fawkes attempted t blw up Parliament when the king was t have been present.The cnspiracy was discvered and all c-cnspiratrs were executed.This failed attempt is celebrated n Nvember 5 in England each year and is knwn as Guy Fawkes Night.
King James was an evangelist f the true gspel, which autmatically made him an enemy f Rme.King James strngly delineated the errrs f Rman superstitin and spurned them yet he treated Rmanist subjects fairly.Cathlic ambassadr Nicl Mlin said this f King James: 
“He is a King tries t extend his Prtestant religin t the whle island. The King is a bitter enemy f ur religin.He frequently speaks f it in terms f cntempt.He is all the harsher because f this last cnspiracy against his understd that the Jesuits had a hand in it.”
SUCCESS IN KINGSHIP.
Despite his detractrs, King James the Ⅵ f Sctland and Ⅰ f England was a highly successful King.
As a lver f the theatre, King James became patrn t the trp f ne f his mst famus subjects—William Shakespeare the playwright.Shakespeare’s trp came t be knwn as the King’s Men.Shakespeare and the King held a special relatinship as they bth lved literature. Shakespeare even wrte his famus play, “Macbeth”specifically fr King James.
Anther little recgnized fact is that King James the Ⅵ and Ⅰ is the funding mnarch f the United States.Under his reign, we have the first successful clnies planted n the American mainland—Virginia, Massachusetts, and Nva Sctia (Latin fr New Sctland) in SE Canada.The King himself rdered, wrte and authrized the Evangelistic Grant Charter t settle the Clny f Virginia: 
“T make t deduce a clny f sundry f ur peple int that part f America, cmmnly called prpagating f Christian religin t such peple as yet live in bring a settled and quiet gvernment.”
England
Lndn
The Rmans
The Angl-Saxns
The Vikings
The Nrmans
England
Lndn
The Rmans
left their twns and rads
built the ldest prt in the 1st century AD
The Angl-Saxns
left their language and gvernment
built the ldest building in the 1060s
The Vikings
influenced the vcabulary and place-names
Nne
The Nrmans
left castles and wrds fr fd
cnstructed the ldest castle in 1066
England
Lndn
The Rmans
The Angl-Saxns

The Vikings
The Nrmans
Lcatin:
Western Eurpe, islands including the nrthern ne-sixth f the island f Ireland between the Nrth Atlantic Ocean and the Nrth Sea, nrthwest f France
Gegraphic crdinates:
5400 N, 200 W
Map references:
Eurpe
Area:
ttal: 244 820 sq km
water: 3 230 sq km
nte: includes Rckall and Shetland Islands
land: 241 590 sq km
Area-cmparative:
slightly smaller than Oregn
Land bundaries:
ttal: 360 km
brder cuntries: Ireland 360 km
Castline:
12 429 km
Maritime claims:
cntinental shelf: as defined in cntinental shelf rders r in accrdance with agreed upn bundaries
exclusive fishing zne: 200 NM
territrial sea: 12 NM
Climate:
temperate; mderated by prevailing suthwest winds ver the Nrth Atlantic Current; mre than ne-half f the days are vercast
Terrain:
mstly rugged hills and lw muntains; level t rlling plains in east and sutheast
Elevatin extremes:
lwest pint: Fenland -4 m highest
pint: Ben Nevis 1343 m
Natural resurces:
cal, petrleum, natural gas, tin, limestne, irn re, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, lead, silica, arable land
Land use:
arable land: 26.41%
permanent crps: 0.18%
ther: 73.41% (1998 est.)
Irrigated land:
1080 sq km (1998 est.)
Natural hazards:
winter windstrms; flds
Envirnment - current issues:
cntinues t reduce greenhuse gas emissins (has met Kyt Prtcl target f a 12.5% reductin frm 1990 levels and intends t meet the legally binding target and mve twards a dmestic gal f a 20% cut in emissins by 2010); by 2005 the gvernment aims t reduce the amunt f industrial and cmmercial waste dispsed f in landfill sites t 85% f 1998 levels and t recycle r cmpst at least 25% f husehld waste, increasing t 33% by 2015; between 1998-1999 and 1999-2000, husehld recycling increased frm 8.8% t 10.3%
Envirnment-internatinal agreements:
party t: Air Pllutin, Air Pllutin-Nitrgen Oxides, Air Pllutin-Sulphur 94, Air Pllutin-Vlatile Organic Cmpunds, Antarctic-Envirnmental Prtcl, Antarctic-Marine Living Resurces, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Bidiversity, Climate Change, Desertificatin, Endangered Species, Envirnmental Mdificatin, Hazardus Wastes, Law f the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Cnservatin, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozne Layer Prtectin, Ship Pllutin, Trpical Timber 83, Trpical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but nt ratified: Air Pllutin-Persistent Organic Pllutants, Climate Change-Kyt Prtcl
Gegraphy - nte:
lies near vital Nrth Atlantic sea lanes; nly 35 km frm France and nw linked by tunnel under the English Channel; because f heavily indented castline, n lcatin is mre than 125 km frm tidal waters