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2022届甘肃省兰州市高三下学期4月一诊（一模）英语试题（原卷版+解析版）
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这是一份2022届甘肃省兰州市高三下学期4月一诊（一模）英语试题（原卷版+解析版），文件包含2022届甘肃省兰州市高三下学期4月一诊一模英语试题解析版docx、2022届甘肃省兰州市高三下学期4月一诊一模英语试题原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共30页， 欢迎下载使用。
2022年兰州市高三诊断考试
英语
注意事项:
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卡相应的位置上。
2.作答时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 阅读理解( 共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Ever wanted to learn a new language? Or maybe you need to speak a different language, for work or personal reasons? Here are some apps that will help you talk smartly in some nations on earth.
Living Language (Spanish)
The standard bearer (领袖) for language-learning apps, this series of apps from Random House Digital presents real language courses that teach vocabulary and grammar with some fun interactive games thrown in. The free download gets you eleven free lessons, but you can unlock the full app for $14.99, getting you all 46 lessons.Random House Digital has similar apps available for learning French, Italian, German, Chinese, and Japanese.
Learn a Language with Michel Thomas
This one hails from the U.K., where Thomas' method for learning new languages has garnered some heavy-hitter endorsements (赞同) from the likes of Woody Allen, Emma Thompson, and Stephen Fry. Thomas teaches you with a simple, but highly effective process: “you listen, he explains, you speak.” Lessons run an hour a piece, and you buy the hour lessons you want from inside the free app, for $4.99 a pop. Lessons are available for Spanish, French, Italian, and German.
Mango Languages
One of the most comprehensive apps is also the most cost-effective — it’s free! No in-app purchases, no nothing. It offers classes for 35 foreign languages and 15 English as-a-second-language. The catch is that it requires a connection to your local library, and only if your library has a Mango Languages subscription. It teaches not only vocabulary and grammar, but also pronunciation (by native speakers) and helpful cultural tips, such as slang usages of common words.Book 2
This one uses a novel 3-step method: you learn while listening, training, and sleeping. The app actually monitors your sleeping patterns and activates itself at the right time, playing its short sentences while you’re asleep, to enhance your recall. Lessons are available in-app for 40 different languages, but they’ll run you $3.99 each for anything more than a language’s first chapter.
1. How many languages can you learn from Thomas?
A. Four. B. Five. C. Six. D. Seven.
2. Which of the following apps can be used for free?
A. Book 2.
B. Mango Languages.
C. Living Language (Spanish).
D. Learn a Language with Michel Thomas.
3. What’s the feature of Book 2?
A. It can only be used in the UK.
B. It has access to your local library.
C. It can keep you learning even when you are asleep.
D. It teaches languages with some fun interactive games.
【1~3题答案】
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇应用文。介绍了几个语言学习的应用软件。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Learn a Language with Michel Thomas部分的“Lessons are available for Spanish, French, Italian, and German.”（可以学到西班牙语、法语、意大利语和德语的相关课程。）可知，从Thomas你可以学到四门语言，故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Mango Languages部分的“One of the most comprehensive apps is also the most cost-effective — it’s free! ”（这不仅是最全面的软件，也是最划算的——它免费！）可知，Mango Languages可以免费使用。故选B。
3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Book 2部分的“The app actually monitors your sleeping patterns and activates itself at the right time, playing its short sentences while you’re asleep, to enhance your recall.”（这个软件会监测你的睡眠模式并且在合适的时间激发它，当你在睡觉时为你播放短句，以增强你的记忆力。）可知，Book 2软件的特点在于当你睡觉时，它也能让你持续学习，故选C。
B
I will never forget the first dessert class at a cooking school in France, where a group of anxious dessert students (myself included) were tasked with preparing an apple pie. It looked simple enough, but I soon realized that it was as far from simple as it could be. However, my knife and I mastered this French classic, as well as dozens of others.
After graduating, I found a job at a modern American restaurant in Florida. Despite the restaurant’s tiny kitchen, I was excited to work under Sylvia, the executive chef (主厨). The first job she gave me was to make apple pies. I couldn’t have been more excited — until I realized these pies were actually in the form of a dumpling. But my education had made me stick to French tradition. It took me a minute to get comfortable with this way of cooking again. Slowly, I was forgetting my French tradition, and beginning to go with the flow more. The response from diners was good. Our desserts were sold out on most days.
Then one day, chef Sylvia gave me the chance to make a new dessert and planned to add it to the menu for a week. Surprised and touched by the chance, I decided to go all out. I created a seasonal citrus mousse (柑橘慕斯) made with Florida oranges and pistachio croquant (a crisp, delicate cookie). But after a week, the apple pie dumplings continued to far outsell my special dessert. A sense of frustration went inside of me.
It finally made me aware that there isn’t one “right” way to understand a cuisine, or set of ingredients (配料). Where one chef can look at apples, butter, and flour and see a French apple pie, another might see baked apple dumplings. Even though each person’s translation may be different, I think they all deserve a spot on the table. And that was the most important lesson I discovered, through something as seemingly simple as fruit and dough (生面团).
4. What makes the author feel surprised according to paragraph 2?
A. The tiny kitchen.
B. The shape of apple pies.
C. The restaurant’s tradition.
D. The French way of coking.
5. How was the author’s new dessert?
A. It wasn’t popular as expected.
B. It was thought highly of by Sylvia.C. It was removed from the menu.
D. It built up the author‘s confidence.
6. What did the author finally realize?
A. Foods stand for cultures.
B. Ingredients matter to cooking.
C. There is no fixed way for cooking.
D. Understanding a cuisine is necessary.
7. What is the text mainly about?
A. A job affecting one’s life.
B. A new dessert on the menu.
C. A special class at a cooking school.
D. A lesson taken as a dessert chef.
【4~7题答案】
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在学习烹饪后来到餐厅，在主厨Sylvia的带领下所经历的事情，最后作者明白了，烹饪没有一种特定的正确的方式，也没有一套特定的配料配方。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“I couldn’t have been more excited — until I realized these pies were actually in the form of a dumpling. But my education had made me stick to French tradition. It took me a minute to get comfortable with this way of cooking again.”（我十分地激动——直到我注意到这些苹果派是做成饺子的形状。但是我的教育让我坚持法国传统。花了我一段时间才看习惯这种烹饪方式。）可知，让作者惊讶的是苹果派竟是饺子形状的，故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“I created a seasonal citrus mousse (柑橘慕斯) made with Florida oranges and pistachio croquant (a crisp, delicate cookie). But after a week, the apple pie dumplings continued to far outsell my special dessert. A sense of frustration went inside of me.”（我用佛罗里达柑橘做了一种季节性的柑橘慕斯。但是一周后，饺子形状的苹果派的销量仍然比我做的甜品高。我感到内心很沮丧。）可知，作者做出的甜品并不是想象中那么受欢迎，故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“It finally made me aware that there isn’t one “right” way to understand a cuisine, or set of ingredients (配料).”（最终，我明白了，对于烹饪，没有一种极其正确的方法，也没有一套特定的配料。）可知，最终作者明白了，烹饪没有固定的方法，故选C。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“And that was the most important lesson I discovered, through something as seemingly simple as fruit and dough (生面团).”（这就是我通过像水果和生面团一样简单的东西所学到的最重要的一课。）可知，本篇文章主要是在讲作者在甜点厨师这份工作中所学到的一课，故选D。
C
By CUI JIA | China Daily | Updated: 2022-02-12 Snowboarding pioneer Shaun White took his final bow at the bottom of the halfpipe course (U型槽) at the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games on Friday, officially marking the end of his long and storied career as a professional snowboarder.No matter how hard the 35-year-old tried to hold back his emotions, it just got to be too much.
Although he wanted to do his best by performing two 1440s during his final run, he fell while attempting his second double cork 1440.Despite the fall, everyone cheered for the snowboarding legend at Genting Snow Park in Zhangjiakou as he stood back up and continued down the halfpipe.“Siding on my back, I was thinking, this isn't how I wanted it to go.You don't always get what you want, but I have to be thankful for everything I do have and what I have gotten in my career and that's why I'm very emotional.I can't believe it's over.It's wild," said White, who finished in fourth place.
From a young age, snowboarding was what White wanted to do more than anything.At 19,White took part in his first Winter Olympics in Turin in 2006 and scored gold.The victory changed his life forever and he became the sport's global superstar.
Meanwhile, he continued to push his limits by landing the first double cork in halfpipe and inventing the double McTwist 1260.Those tricks brought him three Olympic gold medals, as well as injuries, including the brutal (残酷的) crash in 2018 when he slammed his head against the top of a superpipe, leading to 62 stitches (缝合) in his face in the lead-up to the Pyeongchang 2018 Winter Olympics.
“‘T'm not competing' doesn't mean I won't be here at the next Winter Olympics cheering on all my friends,”he said.“The future for me is so exciting.There is so much to do and so much to live for.This is just the beginning for me.”
8. What did White feel when he finished the competition?
A. He was worried about his future.
B. He was proud of his professional career.
C. He was doubtful about the result of the competition.D. He was satisfied with what he had done in the competition.
9. Why does the author mention White's serious injuries in paragraph 4?
A. To explain why he retired.
B. To describe the rules of snowboarding.
C. To show the hardship before his success.
D. To warn about the possible risks of snowboarding.
10. What can be inferred about Shaun White from the last paragraph?
A. He will compete in the next Winter Olympics.
B. He will continue to contribute to the ice-snow sports.
C. He won't talk about his early achievements any more.
D. He will try his best to make more friends in the future.
11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Final Performance
B. Emotional Goodbye
C. How to Be a Great Snowboarder
D. Snowboarding-the World's Most Dangerous Sport
【8~11题答案】
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. B 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，介绍滑雪运动员Shaun White。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“officially marking the end of his long and storied career as a professional snowboarder.No matter how hard the 35-year-old tried to hold back his emotions, it just got to be too much.”（正式标志着他作为职业滑雪板运动员漫长而传奇的职业生涯的结束。无论35岁的他多么努力地控制自己的情绪，他的情绪还是太强烈了。）可知，他为自己的职业生涯感到自豪，故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Those tricks brought him three Olympic gold medals, as well as injuries, including the brutal crash in 2018 when he slammed his head against the top of a superpipe, leading to 62 stitches in his face in the lead-up to the Pyeongchang 2018 Winter Olympics.”（这些技巧让他获得了三枚奥运会金牌，也让他受伤，包括2018年在平昌冬奥会前夕，他的头撞上了一个超级管道的顶部，导致脸上缝了62针。）可知，作者讲述他受过的伤想要说明他成功前的艰辛，故选C。【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The future for me is so exciting.There is so much to do and so much to live for.This is just the beginning for me.”（我的未来是如此令人兴奋。有那么多事情要做，有那么多生活的意义。这对我来说只是个开始。）可知，他将继续为冰雪运动做出贡献，故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“officially marking the end of his long and storied career as a professional snowboarder.No matter how hard the 35-year-old tried to hold back his emotions, it just got to be too much.”（正式标志着他作为职业滑雪板运动员漫长而传奇的职业生涯的结束。无论35岁的他多么努力地控制自己的情绪，他的情绪还是太强烈了。）可知，本文主要讲述滑雪运动员Shaun White在2022届冬奥会之后，结束自己的职业生涯时，激动地向自己的职业生涯告别，故选B。
D
When you throw something in the recycling bin, do you think about what it could become? And when you do, does it make you more likely to use that recycling bin? Recently, a study was conducted in an effort to decide whether or not explaining to people what their recyclables are transformed into would help increase recycling rates.
The researchers started with a group of 111 college students, asked to draw on paper before watching one of three ads.One was a public service message that showed paper going into recycling bins.The other two also showed the paper either being transformed into new paper or a guitar.After completing a survey, the students were asked to deal with the paper when they left. Half of those who saw the first ad recycled their paper, while the recycling rate jumped to 80% for those who'd seen the other ads.
After doing a few more lab experiments, the researchers headed into the real world.At a party, volunteers spoke with attendees (出席者) about recycling, with half mentioning transformed products and half keeping it general.They discovered the subject of the talks came into play.After the game, the recycling and trash bags were weighed.Those who received a message recycled over half of their waste, while those who did not recycled less than a fifth.
All this is to say that details matter.People want to know what treasures their trash can become, and when that's laid out clearly, they' re more likely to do it.Perhaps recycling companies should redesign signs to describe the items being created.Recycling is far from a perfect solution,but it doesn't hurt to manage to improve its rates.
12. What's the function of the first paragraph?
A. To lead to the main topic.
B. To reflect the author's attitude.
C. To introduce a new recycling bin.D. 1 To emphasize the benefits of recycling.
13. What does the underlined part“came into play”in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Took effect.
B. Broke down.
C. Took off.
D. Came to mind.
14. What does the author advise recycling companies to do?
A. Sign the names on the items.
B. Find perfect ways of recycling.
C. Examine the details of items.
D. Show the transformation of waste.
15. In which column of the website does the text probably appear?
A. Sports and games.
B. Travel and tourism.
C. Entertainment and recreation.
D. Science and human life.
【12~15题答案】
【答案】12. A 13. A 14. D 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，告知人们回收废品的最终去向，将会有利于提高废品的回收率。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Recently, a study was conducted in an effort to decide whether or not explaining to people what their recyclables are transformed into would help increase recycling rates.”（最近进行了一项研究，试图决定向人们解释他们的可回收物品被转化成什么，是否有助于提高回收率。）可知，第一段主要是为了引出文章主旨——提高回收废品的转化率，故选A。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段中“After the game, the recycling and trash bags were weighed. Those who received a message recycled over half of their waste, while those who did not recycled less than a fifth.”（比赛结束后，对回收袋和垃圾袋称重。收到短信的人回收了一半以上的垃圾，而没有收到短信的人回收的垃圾不到五分之一。）可知，划线词应该是“奏效”的意思，故选A。
【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Perhaps recycling companies should redesign signs to describe the items being created.”（也许回收公司应该重新设计标识来描述正在制作的物品。）可知，作者建议回收公司展示出废物转化成什么，故选D。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Recently, a study was conducted in an effort to decide whether or not explaining to people what their recyclables are transformed into would help increase recycling rates.”（最近进行了一项研究，试图决定向人们解释他们的可回收物品被转化成什么，是否有助于提高回收率。）可知，本文主旨大意为提高回收废品的转化率，与人类生活密切相关，故选D。
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The quality of the family relationship is more important than family configuration (结构). A healthy family relationship is the base of a happy family. ___16___. Although family relationships are different, there are certain characteristics that healthy family relationships share.
___17___. Family members listen to and genuinely care about what the others are saying. In these families, communication is on a deep enough level that all members are able to share their feelings, goals, achievements and experiences. When some feedback and constructive criticism are given, love and affection are made clear by the use of positive words.
A family with a healthy relationship requires every single family member’s commitment. Family members hold family as a top priority (优先考虑的事) and consider the impact on relatives before making important decisions. Family members are dependable and always there for each other in times of crisis.___18___.
A characteristic of healthy family relationship is that they spend time doing enjoyable activities together. ___19___. Often, these activities become family traditions, such as sharing meals together, having family outings every weekend or playing sports together.
___20___. Family members accept that they each have their own personalities, qualities and interests. Everyone plays an important role in the family. When there is conflict between family members, it is solved in a positive and healthy manner. Family members also acknowledge each other’s achievements and show appreciation for other members.
A. Therefore, members do not feel they are on their own
B. Family members share everything they have with each other
C. Respect is an important characteristic of healthy family relationships
D. It provides members with the support and encouragement that they needE. Family members tend to select activities that help the family to grow closer
F. It is important to keep in mind that each family member is a unique individual
G. Families with healthy relationships engage in positive and meaningful communication
【16~20题答案】
【答案】16. D 17. G 18. A 19. E 20. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了健康的家庭关系的一些特征。
【16题详解】
根据上文“A healthy family relationship is the base of a happy family. (健康的家庭关系是幸福家庭的基础)”和下文“Although family relationships are different, there are certain characteristics that healthy family relationships share. (虽然家庭关系不同，但健康的家庭关系有一些共同的特征)”可知，上文指出健康的家庭关系是幸福家庭的基础，下文指出健康的家庭有一些共同的特征。由此推知，空处承接上文，指出健康的家庭关系的好处。D项“它为成员提供他们所需要的支持和鼓励”符合题意，选项中的“It”指代上文的“A healthy family relationship”。故选D。
【17题详解】
空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“Family members listen to and genuinely care about what the others are saying. In these families, communication is on a deep enough level that all members are able to share their feelings, goals, achievements and experiences. When some feedback and constructive criticism are given, love and affection are made clear by the use of positive words. (家人会倾听并真诚地关心别人说的话。在这些家庭中，交流是在一个足够深的层次上，所有成员能够分享他们的感受，目标，成就和经验。当一些反馈和建设性的批评被给予时，爱和情感通过使用积极的词语来表达)”可知，在健康的家庭关系中成员们的交流都是积极的、有意义的。G项“拥有健康关系的家庭会进行积极而有意义的交流”符合本段主旨，“communication”是关键词。故选G。
【18题详解】
空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文“Family members hold family as a top priority (优先考虑事) and consider the impact on relatives before making important decisions. Family members are dependable and always there for each other in times of crisis. (家庭成员把家庭作为最优先考虑的事情，家庭成员在做重要决定前，会考虑对亲属的影响。家庭成员是可靠的，在危机时刻总是相互帮助)”可知，家庭成员会相会帮助，这样成员就不会觉得什么都靠自己独立解决。A项“因此，家庭成员们并不觉得自己是孤立无援的”符合题意，与上文形成明显的因果关系。故选A。
【19题详解】根据主旨句“A characteristic of healthy family relationship is that they spend time doing enjoyable activities together. (健康家庭关系的一个特点是他们花时间一起做愉快的活动)”可知，本段主要说明在健康的家庭关系中成员们会一起度过快乐、有意义的时光。再结合下文“Often, these activities become family traditions, such as sharing meals together, having family outings every weekend or playing sports together. (通常，这些活动会成为家庭传统，比如一起吃饭，每个周末一起外出或一起运动)”推知，上文提到了有利于增进家庭成员关系的活动。E项“家庭成员倾向于选择有助于家庭关系更加亲密的活动”符合题意，且贴合主旨，下文的“these activities”指代选项中的“activities that help the family to grow closer”。故选E。
20题详解】
空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“Family members accept that they each have their own personalities, qualities and interests. Everyone plays an important role in the family. When there is conflict between family members, it is solved in a positive and healthy manner. Family members also acknowledge each other’s achievements and show appreciation for other members. (家庭成员承认他们每个人都有自己的个性、品质和兴趣。每个人在家庭中都扮演着重要的角色。当家庭成员之间发生冲突时，以积极健康的方式解决。家庭成员也承认彼此的成就，并对其他成员表示赞赏)”可知，虽然家庭成员性格各异，但要承认彼此的成就，并且相互赞赏，即家庭成员之间应该尊重并欣赏。C项“尊重是健康家庭关系的重要特征”可以作为本段主旨句。故选C。
第二部分 语言知识运用 (共两节，满分45分)
第一节 (共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处，的最佳选项。
It's the stuff of travel nightmares (噩梦).Taking something precious on your trip, keeping it close to hand so you don't risk___21___.it in checked baggage - and then realizing you don't have it when you get home.
For Rachel DeGolia, the nightmare of losing something on a___22___came true.In September, her___23___collection of family letters from the 1940s to 1970s was left on a plane as it pulled into Chicago Midway Airport.
It was, says DeGolia, “tragic (悲惨的)”But that tragedy turned to___24___- when, after a three-week search, one airline representative___25___ DeGolia with her letters.
DeGolia says, in summer 2021, she received a collection of family letters sent by her cousin.She decided to take them with her to her daughter's wedding party as she thought it would be the perfect occasion to share the letters with her brother.Her brother was very___26___and decided to take the precious cargo (货物) home, making
sure to keep it with him in the cabin - but then ___27___it in the cabin when he got off his flight home to Chicago.
After the passengers got off the plane, crew (乘务员)___28___the cargo during their post-flight checks, realized the letters were precious, and handed the cargo over to a gate agent.The letters___29___in Sarah Haffner's hands.Haffner, a Baggage Service Office supervisor (主管) for Southwest at Midway, checked the letters___30___and realized it was very precious item that needed to find its___31___.
Normally, the procedure for reuniting items with their owners is fairly_ ___32___.Agents like Haffner look for any identification on the item, and then ___33___ the name to a passenger booking.If the person has been on a connecting flight, that's not an issue, because they have a database of___34___ going back a couple of years.But the___35___ was that the only identifying name in the whole batch of letters was Rachel DeGolia - and she hadn't been on the fight.
Haffner and her colleagues tried their best.After three weeks of___36___, they finally found some___37___of a Rachel DeGolia from Ohio on the Internet, “I was like, what are the chances -it's got to be her,”Haffner says.Then she managed to track down a ___38___ number.
“At 9 p.m.one night I got this call,”says DeGolia.She was___39___ to tears, calling Haffner“A wonderful young woman for ___40___her family legacy (遗产).
21. A. finding B. losing C. solving D. keeping
22. A. flight B. bus C. train D. boat
23. A. unbelievable B. impossible C. unacceptable D. irreplaceable
24. A. sorrow B. anxiety C. relief D. effort
25. A. helped B. reunited C. favored D. impressed
26. A. bored B. excited C. confused D. disappointed
27. A. put B. hid C. left D. threw
28. A. received B. missed C. delivered D. found
29. A. ended up B. came out C. passed on D. took over
30. A. secretly B. carefully C. carelessly D. differently
31. A. way B. value C. owner D. price
32. A. simple B. useful C. unusual D. slow
33. A. add B. apply C. match D. introduce
34. A. agents B. crew C. parcels D. passengers
35. A. cause B. excuse C. process D. problem
36. A. preparing B. searching C. waiting D. thinking
37. A. rewards B. meanings C. clues D. puzzles
38. A. cabin B. baggage C. phone D. room39. A. annoyed B. worried C. scared D. moved
40. A. saving B. creating C. proving D. sharing
【21~40题答案】
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. D 36. B 37. C 38. C 39. D 40. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Rachel DeGolia将珍贵的家书落在飞机上，经过三周的辛苦寻找，最终找回了家书。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：把它放在手边，这样你就不会有在托运行李中丢失的风险。A. finding发现；B. losing失去；C. solving解决；D. keeping保持。根据“keeping it close to hand”（把它放在手边）可知，这样就不会弄丢了，故选B。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对蕾切尔•德戈利亚来说，在飞机上丢东西的噩梦变成了现实。A. flight航班；B. bus公交；C. train火车；D. boat船。根据“collection of family letters from the 1940s to 1970s was left on a plane as it pulled into Chicago Midway Airport.”（把20世纪40年代到70年代那些家信留在了飞机上）可知，她乘坐的是飞机，故选A。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：9月，一架飞机在芝加哥中途机场降落时，她把20世纪40年代到70年代那些无可替代的家信留在了飞机上。A. unbelievable难以置信的；B. impossible不可能的；C. unacceptable无法接受的；D. irreplaceable不可替代的。根据下文“and decided to take the precious cargo (货物) home”（决定把珍贵的货物带回家）可知，这里指珍贵的无可替代的家书，故选D。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但那场悲剧变成了宽慰。A. sorrow悲伤；B. anxiety焦虑；C. relief宽慰；D. effort努力。根据“after a three-week search, one airline representative___5__ _ DeGolia with her letters.”（经过三周的搜寻，一名航空公司代表用让德戈利亚与她的信件团聚）可知，家书失而复得，故此处指如释重负，感到宽慰。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一名航空公司代表用让德戈利亚与她的信件重聚。A. helped帮助；B. reunited重聚；C. favored支持；D. impressed印象。根据第六段中“Normally, the procedure for reuniting items with their owners is fairly”可知，航空公司找到了家书并物归原主了，失主与信件重聚。故选B。【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的哥哥非常兴奋，决定把这宝贵的货物带回家。A. bored厌倦的；B. excited兴奋的；C. confused困惑的；D. disappointed失望的。根据“and decided to take the precious cargo home”（决定把这宝贵的货物带回家）可知，她哥哥很兴奋，故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是当他下飞机回芝加哥的时候，却把它落在了机舱里。A. put放置；B. hid隐藏；C. left离开，落下；D. threw抛弃。根据“in the cabin when he got off his flight home to Chicago.”并联系上文内容可知，下飞机时将信件落在了飞机上，故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：乘客下飞机后，机组人员在飞行后检查中发现了这些货物。A. received收到；B. missed错过；C. delivered递送；D. found发现。根据“realized the letters were precious, and handed the cargo over to a gate agent.”（意识到这些信件很珍贵，就把货物交给了登机口的工作人员）可知，机组人员发现了这些信件，故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些信件最终落入了Sarah Haffner的手中。A. ended up最后来到；结束；B. came out出版；C. passed on通过；D. took over接管。根据“when, after a three-week search, one airline representative___5_ _ DeGolia with her letters.”（经过三周的寻找之后，一名航空公司代表归还了她的信件）可知，这些信件最终到了Sarah Haffner的手中，故选A。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：哈弗纳是中途机场西南航空公司行李服务办公室的主管，他仔细检查了这些信件，意识到这是非常珍贵的东西，需要找到失主。A. secretly秘密地；B. carefully认真地；C. carelessly粗心地；D. differently不同地。根据“realized it was very precious item”（意识到这是非常珍贵的东西）可知，他经过了仔细地检查后得出了结论，故选B。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：哈弗纳是中途机场西南航空公司行李服务办公室的主管，他仔细检查了这些信件，意识到这是非常珍贵的东西，需要找到失主。A. way方式；B. value价值；C. owner主人；D. price价格。根据“realized it was very precious item”（意识到这是非常珍贵的东西）可知，珍贵的东西需要物归原主，故选C。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常，将物品归还给物主过程是相当简单的。A. simple简单的；B. useful有用的；C. unusual不寻常的；D. slow缓慢的。根据“Agents like Haffner look for any identification on the item, and then _ _13___ the name to a passenger booking.”（像Haffner这样的代理人寻找物品上的任何身份证明，然后将名字与乘客预订匹配）可知，归还的过程很简单，故选A。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：像Haffner这样的代理人寻找物品上的任何身份证明，然后将名字与乘客预订匹配。A. add增加；B. apply申请；C. match匹配；D. introduce介绍。根据前文“ look for any identification on the item”和下文“the name to a passenger booking”并联系语境是寻找失主可知，此处指的是与乘客名字相匹配，故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果这个人坐过中转航班，那不是问题，因为他们有一个几年前乘客的数据库。A. agents代理人；B. crew船员；C. parcels包裹；D. passengers旅客。根据“If the person has been on a connecting flight, that's not an issue”（如果这个人已经坐过中转航班，那不是问题）可知，航空公司有旅客的数据库，故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但问题是，在整批信件中，唯一可以辨认的名字是瑞秋•德戈利亚——而她没有乘坐过航班。A. cause原因；B. excuse借口；C. process步骤；D. problem问题。根据“was that the only identifying name in the whole batch of letters was Rachel DeGolia - and she hadn't been on the fight.”（在整批信件中，唯一可以辨认的名字是瑞秋•德戈利亚——而她没有乘坐过航班）可知，此处指的是归还过程中唯一的问题，故选D。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过三周的搜寻，他们终于在网上找到了来自俄亥俄州的瑞秋•德戈利亚的一些线索。A. preparing准备；B. searching寻找；C. waiting等待；D. thinking思考。根据“After three weeks of”（经过三周）和下文的“they finally found”可知，经过了三周的搜索，故选B。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过三周的搜寻，他们终于在网上找到了来自俄亥俄州的瑞秋•德戈利亚的一些线索。A. rewards奖励；B. meanings含义；C. clues线索；D. puzzles谜。根据“they finally found some”和“I was like, what are the chances -it's got to be her”可知，他们找到了一些线索，故选C。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后她设法找到了一个电话号码。A. cabin木屋；B. baggage行李；C. phone电话；D. room房间。根据“At 9 p.m.one night I got this call”（一天晚上9点，我接到一个电话）可知，航空公司找到了电话号码并联系了她，故选C。
【39题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她被感动得热泪盈眶。A. annoyed生气的；B. worried担忧的；C. scared恐惧的；D. moved感动的。根据“calling Haffner A wonderful young woman for ___20___her family legacy (遗产).”（称Haffner是拯救家族财产了不起的女人）可知，她很感动，故选D。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个了不起的年轻女人拯救了她的家族遗产。A. saving挽救；B. creating创造；C. proving证明；D. sharing分享。根据“her family legacy”（她的家族遗产）可知，信件失而复得的过程即被挽救的过程，故选A。
第二节 (共 10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s accumulated experience in reducing food loss and waste is being shared with the world. This knowledge will help many countries improve their ability___41___ (reduce) food loss and ensure food security, experts and officials said.
About 14 percent of the world’s food is lost during from___42___(produce) to retail (零售). Reducing that loss by 1 percentage point would be equal to a 28 million metric ton increase in grain output, ___43___could feed 70 million people for a year. This is according to the State of Food and Agriculture 2019 report released by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization.
According to the FAO, over 155 million people experienced serious food insecurity in 2020, the___44___(high) number in the past five years. This was caused by conflict, extreme weather events and economic shocks___45___(relate) to COVID-19.
Wu Laping, ___46___professor at China Agricultural University’s College of Economics and Management, said food loss and waste is___47___(large) affected by economic development. They noted that___48___(develop) countries lose food mainly before it is retailed, whereas developed countries mainly lose it after retail.
___49___example, food loss and waste mostly occurs in harvesting and storage in Africa and South Asia. Up to 30 percent of food loss was found during farmers’ storage in some areas in Africa, and 21 percent of food in the United States____50____(waste) during daily consumption, Wu told Economic Daily.
【41~50题答案】
【答案】41. to reduce
42. production
43. which 44. highest
45. related
46. a 47. largely 48. developing
49. For 50. was wasted
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国积累的经验，关于全世界食物的损失和浪费。
【41题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：这一知识能帮助很多国家来提升他们减少食物损失的能力，并且能确保食物安全。此处做the ability的定语，“做某事的能力”表达为the ability to do sth.，应用动词不定式做定语，故填to reduce。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：世界上大约14%的食物从生产到零售过程中被损失掉。此处from为介词，且根据to retail中的retail为名词可知，此处也应用名词，故填production。
【43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：减少1%的食物损失就能增加28万公吨的谷物输出，这能养活7000万人一年。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a 28 million metric ton increase in grain output，指物，从句中缺少主语，故填which。
【44题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：根据FAO，超过15亿5000万人在2020年经历了严重的食物不安全问题，是过去五年内最高值。根据此空前定冠词the可知，此处表示“近五年来最高值”，故应用形容词最高级，故填highest。
【45题详解】
考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：这是由冲突、极端气候和与新冠相关的经济冲击引起的。此处做economic shocks的定语，economic shocks与relate之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语，故填related。
【46题详解】
考查冠词。句意：中国农业大学的经济管理系的教授吴说道，食物损耗和食物废弃主要受经济发展的影响。此处professor意为“教授”，为可数名词，表泛指“一个教授”，故应填不定冠词，且professor音素以辅音开头，故应填a。
【47题详解】
考查副词。句意：中国农业大学的经济管理系的教授吴说道，食物损耗和食物废弃主要受经济发展的影响。此处修饰动词is affected，应用副词修饰，故填largely。
【48题详解】
考查形容词作定语。句意：他们强调，发展中国家食物耗损只要是在零售之前，然而发达国家只要是在零售后。根据后文的whereas developed countries可知，此处表示前后对比，故此处应指“发展中国家”，故填developing。【49题详解】
考查介词。句意：比如说，在非洲和亚洲南部，食物耗损和废弃主要发生在丰收和储存阶段。此处意为“比如说”，表达为for example，故填For。
【50题详解】
考查时态。句意：并且，美国的21%食物是在每日的消耗中损耗的。根据前文的“Up to 30 percent of food loss was found”可知，此处应用一般过去时，且food与waste之间为被动关系，故应填一般过去时的被动，故填was wasted。
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号( Λ )，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划-横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Reading is my favorite hobby. I can never stop the love for read because books are like wise teachers as well as good friends in my life. As we all know, books are the source of knowledges. I benefit a great deal of from reading. There is a variety of books for us to choose from, like history books, science books, literary books and so on. But which interests me most is literary books, especial those written by famous writers. For one thing, they helped to improve my writing skills and broaden my horizons. For other, they can enrich my life and provide us with great fun. Isn't it pleasure to have great calm in mind while reading?
【51题答案】
【答案】1.read→reading 2.knowledges→knowledge 3.去掉of 4.is→are
5.which→what 6.especial→especially 7.helped→help 8.other→another
9.us→me 10.pleasure前加上a
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了阅读的好处。
【详解】1.考查动名词做宾语。句意：我无法停止对阅读的喜欢，因为书既是我生命中的良师，又是我的好朋友。此处意为“对……的喜爱”，表达为the love for doing sth.。故将read改为reading。
2.考查不可数名词。句意：众所周知，书是知识的源泉。此处knowledge为不可名词，没有复数形式。故将knowledges改为knowledge。
3.考查介词。句意：从阅读中，我获益很多。此处意为“获益很多”，表达为benefit a great deal，of后要跟宾语，此处为副词短语。修饰动词benefit。故去掉of。
4.考查主谓一致。句意：有很多种书可供我们选择。此处主语为a variety of books，为复数，故谓语动词应用复数。故将is改为are。
5.考查主语从句。句意：最让我感兴趣的是文学书，尤其是由著名作家写的那些书。此处为主语从句，从句缺少主语，且意思为“什么”，故应用what引导，故将which改为what。
6.考查副词。句意：最让我感兴趣是文学书，尤其是由著名作家写的那些书。此处意为“尤其是，特别是”，应用副词。故将especial改为especially。
7.考查动词时态。句意：一方面，它帮助我提高我的写作能力，并开阔我的眼界。此处为陈述客观事实，故应用一般现在时。故将helped改为help。
8.考查代词。句意：另一方面，他们可以丰富我的生活，并为我带来乐趣。此处意为“另一方面”，表达为for another。故将other改为another。
9.考查代词。句意：另一方面，他们可以丰富我的生活，并为我带来乐趣。此处意为“给我带来很多乐趣”，故用代词me。故将us改为me。
10.考查冠词。句意：阅读时，享受内心的平静难道不是一件令人快乐的事吗？此处pleasure是抽象名词具体化，泛指“一件令人快乐的事”，应用不定冠词，且pleasure是以辅音音素开头，故在pleasure前加上a。
第二节 书面表达 (满分25分)
52. 2021年12月9日下午，神舟十三号天宫乘组航天员在中国空间站向全国青少年进行了第一次“天宫课堂”现场授课活动。你校英语报对此进行了全面报道，以下是报道的节选内容:
China’s Shenzhou 13 astronauts have presented a science lesson live from the orbiting (绕轨道运行) Tiangong space station on Thursday.
Astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu began the class at 2:40 am EST (0740GMT, 3:40 pm Beijing time) on Thursday from inside the Tianhe module, the core of the Tiangong station.
The class featured topics including life and work aboard the Tianhe space station module, the behavior of biological cells, how astronauts move in micro-gravity (微重力), water surface tension (张力) experiments and more, according to CMSA, China's human spaceflight agency.
假设“天宫课堂”第二讲将于近期开播，你校英语报以“If you were given a chance to meet the astronauts face-to-face, what questions would you like to ask?”为主题，面向全校广大师生征 稿。请你用英语给三位宇航员写一封信并以此投稿，内容包括；1.向宇航员致敬；
2.提出你的问题(2一3个)；
3.预祝成功返回。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear astronauts,
Thank you for all the trouble you’ve taken to spend such a long and unusual time in space.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【52题答案】
【答案】Dear astronauts,
Thank you for all the trouble you’ve taken to spend such a long and unusual time in space. Without your effort, China’s space industry couldn’t have created one miracle after another.
Seeing your last class presenting your life and work aboard the space station, I’m greatly interested in it and I want to know more. What appeals to me most is how you get accustomed to your daily routine in micro-gravity such as having dinner, washing faces, getting changed and so on. As it was the first time for Chinese astronauts to spend Spring Festival in space, I’m curious about whether you decorated your “home” with Spring Festival couplets and red lanterns? And did you enjoy a good meal at Lunar New year’s eve as usual?
May you happy in the core and we are waiting for your coming back safely and successfully.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给神舟十三号的三位宇航员写信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
奇迹：wonder→miracle
展示：show→present吸引：attract→appeal to
习惯：be used to→get accustomed to
2.句式拓展：
简单句变复合句
原句：May you happy in the core and we are waiting for your coming back safely and successfully.
拓展句：We hope you are happy in the core, and we are waiting for your coming back safely and successfully.
【点睛】[高分句型1]What appeals to me most is how you get accustomed to your daily routine in micro-gravity such as having dinner, washing faces, getting changed and so on. (what引导的主语从句和how引导的表语从句)
[高分句型2]As it was the first time for Chinese astronauts to spend Spring Festival in space, I’m curious about whether you decorated your “home” with Spring Festival couplets and red lanterns? (As引导的原因状语从句和whether引导的宾语从句)
2022年兰州市高三诊断考试
英语
注意事项:
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卡相应的位置上。
2.作答时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 阅读理解( 共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Ever wanted to learn a new language? Or maybe you need to speak a different language, for work or personal reasons? Here are some apps that will help you talk smartly in some nations on earth.
Living Language (Spanish)
The standard bearer (领袖) for language-learning apps, this series of apps from Random House Digital presents real language courses that teach vocabulary and grammar with some fun interactive games thrown in. The free download gets you eleven free lessons, but you can unlock the full app for $14.99, getting you all 46 lessons.Random House Digital has similar apps available for learning French, Italian, German, Chinese, and Japanese.
Learn a Language with Michel Thomas
This one hails from the U.K., where Thomas' method for learning new languages has garnered some heavy-hitter endorsements (赞同) from the likes of Woody Allen, Emma Thompson, and Stephen Fry. Thomas teaches you with a simple, but highly effective process: “you listen, he explains, you speak.” Lessons run an hour a piece, and you buy the hour lessons you want from inside the free app, for $4.99 a pop. Lessons are available for Spanish, French, Italian, and German.
Mango Languages
One of the most comprehensive apps is also the most cost-effective — it’s free! No in-app purchases, no nothing. It offers classes for 35 foreign languages and 15 English as-a-second-language. The catch is that it requires a connection to your local library, and only if your library has a Mango Languages subscription. It teaches not only vocabulary and grammar, but also pronunciation (by native speakers) and helpful cultural tips, such as slang usages of common words.Book 2
This one uses a novel 3-step method: you learn while listening, training, and sleeping. The app actually monitors your sleeping patterns and activates itself at the right time, playing its short sentences while you’re asleep, to enhance your recall. Lessons are available in-app for 40 different languages, but they’ll run you $3.99 each for anything more than a language’s first chapter.
1. How many languages can you learn from Thomas?
A. Four. B. Five. C. Six. D. Seven.
2. Which of the following apps can be used for free?
A. Book 2.
B. Mango Languages.
C. Living Language (Spanish).
D. Learn a Language with Michel Thomas.
3. What’s the feature of Book 2?
A. It can only be used in the UK.
B. It has access to your local library.
C. It can keep you learning even when you are asleep.
D. It teaches languages with some fun interactive games.
【1~3题答案】
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇应用文。介绍了几个语言学习的应用软件。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Learn a Language with Michel Thomas部分的“Lessons are available for Spanish, French, Italian, and German.”（可以学到西班牙语、法语、意大利语和德语的相关课程。）可知，从Thomas你可以学到四门语言，故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Mango Languages部分的“One of the most comprehensive apps is also the most cost-effective — it’s free! ”（这不仅是最全面的软件，也是最划算的——它免费！）可知，Mango Languages可以免费使用。故选B。
3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Book 2部分的“The app actually monitors your sleeping patterns and activates itself at the right time, playing its short sentences while you’re asleep, to enhance your recall.”（这个软件会监测你的睡眠模式并且在合适的时间激发它，当你在睡觉时为你播放短句，以增强你的记忆力。）可知，Book 2软件的特点在于当你睡觉时，它也能让你持续学习，故选C。
B
I will never forget the first dessert class at a cooking school in France, where a group of anxious dessert students (myself included) were tasked with preparing an apple pie. It looked simple enough, but I soon realized that it was as far from simple as it could be. However, my knife and I mastered this French classic, as well as dozens of others.
After graduating, I found a job at a modern American restaurant in Florida. Despite the restaurant’s tiny kitchen, I was excited to work under Sylvia, the executive chef (主厨). The first job she gave me was to make apple pies. I couldn’t have been more excited — until I realized these pies were actually in the form of a dumpling. But my education had made me stick to French tradition. It took me a minute to get comfortable with this way of cooking again. Slowly, I was forgetting my French tradition, and beginning to go with the flow more. The response from diners was good. Our desserts were sold out on most days.
Then one day, chef Sylvia gave me the chance to make a new dessert and planned to add it to the menu for a week. Surprised and touched by the chance, I decided to go all out. I created a seasonal citrus mousse (柑橘慕斯) made with Florida oranges and pistachio croquant (a crisp, delicate cookie). But after a week, the apple pie dumplings continued to far outsell my special dessert. A sense of frustration went inside of me.
It finally made me aware that there isn’t one “right” way to understand a cuisine, or set of ingredients (配料). Where one chef can look at apples, butter, and flour and see a French apple pie, another might see baked apple dumplings. Even though each person’s translation may be different, I think they all deserve a spot on the table. And that was the most important lesson I discovered, through something as seemingly simple as fruit and dough (生面团).
4. What makes the author feel surprised according to paragraph 2?
A. The tiny kitchen.
B. The shape of apple pies.
C. The restaurant’s tradition.
D. The French way of coking.
5. How was the author’s new dessert?
A. It wasn’t popular as expected.
B. It was thought highly of by Sylvia.C. It was removed from the menu.
D. It built up the author‘s confidence.
6. What did the author finally realize?
A. Foods stand for cultures.
B. Ingredients matter to cooking.
C. There is no fixed way for cooking.
D. Understanding a cuisine is necessary.
7. What is the text mainly about?
A. A job affecting one’s life.
B. A new dessert on the menu.
C. A special class at a cooking school.
D. A lesson taken as a dessert chef.
【4~7题答案】
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在学习烹饪后来到餐厅，在主厨Sylvia的带领下所经历的事情，最后作者明白了，烹饪没有一种特定的正确的方式，也没有一套特定的配料配方。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“I couldn’t have been more excited — until I realized these pies were actually in the form of a dumpling. But my education had made me stick to French tradition. It took me a minute to get comfortable with this way of cooking again.”（我十分地激动——直到我注意到这些苹果派是做成饺子的形状。但是我的教育让我坚持法国传统。花了我一段时间才看习惯这种烹饪方式。）可知，让作者惊讶的是苹果派竟是饺子形状的，故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“I created a seasonal citrus mousse (柑橘慕斯) made with Florida oranges and pistachio croquant (a crisp, delicate cookie). But after a week, the apple pie dumplings continued to far outsell my special dessert. A sense of frustration went inside of me.”（我用佛罗里达柑橘做了一种季节性的柑橘慕斯。但是一周后，饺子形状的苹果派的销量仍然比我做的甜品高。我感到内心很沮丧。）可知，作者做出的甜品并不是想象中那么受欢迎，故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“It finally made me aware that there isn’t one “right” way to understand a cuisine, or set of ingredients (配料).”（最终，我明白了，对于烹饪，没有一种极其正确的方法，也没有一套特定的配料。）可知，最终作者明白了，烹饪没有固定的方法，故选C。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“And that was the most important lesson I discovered, through something as seemingly simple as fruit and dough (生面团).”（这就是我通过像水果和生面团一样简单的东西所学到的最重要的一课。）可知，本篇文章主要是在讲作者在甜点厨师这份工作中所学到的一课，故选D。
C
By CUI JIA | China Daily | Updated: 2022-02-12 Snowboarding pioneer Shaun White took his final bow at the bottom of the halfpipe course (U型槽) at the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games on Friday, officially marking the end of his long and storied career as a professional snowboarder.No matter how hard the 35-year-old tried to hold back his emotions, it just got to be too much.
Although he wanted to do his best by performing two 1440s during his final run, he fell while attempting his second double cork 1440.Despite the fall, everyone cheered for the snowboarding legend at Genting Snow Park in Zhangjiakou as he stood back up and continued down the halfpipe.“Siding on my back, I was thinking, this isn't how I wanted it to go.You don't always get what you want, but I have to be thankful for everything I do have and what I have gotten in my career and that's why I'm very emotional.I can't believe it's over.It's wild," said White, who finished in fourth place.
From a young age, snowboarding was what White wanted to do more than anything.At 19,White took part in his first Winter Olympics in Turin in 2006 and scored gold.The victory changed his life forever and he became the sport's global superstar.
Meanwhile, he continued to push his limits by landing the first double cork in halfpipe and inventing the double McTwist 1260.Those tricks brought him three Olympic gold medals, as well as injuries, including the brutal (残酷的) crash in 2018 when he slammed his head against the top of a superpipe, leading to 62 stitches (缝合) in his face in the lead-up to the Pyeongchang 2018 Winter Olympics.
“‘T'm not competing' doesn't mean I won't be here at the next Winter Olympics cheering on all my friends,”he said.“The future for me is so exciting.There is so much to do and so much to live for.This is just the beginning for me.”
8. What did White feel when he finished the competition?
A. He was worried about his future.
B. He was proud of his professional career.
C. He was doubtful about the result of the competition.D. He was satisfied with what he had done in the competition.
9. Why does the author mention White's serious injuries in paragraph 4?
A. To explain why he retired.
B. To describe the rules of snowboarding.
C. To show the hardship before his success.
D. To warn about the possible risks of snowboarding.
10. What can be inferred about Shaun White from the last paragraph?
A. He will compete in the next Winter Olympics.
B. He will continue to contribute to the ice-snow sports.
C. He won't talk about his early achievements any more.
D. He will try his best to make more friends in the future.
11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Final Performance
B. Emotional Goodbye
C. How to Be a Great Snowboarder
D. Snowboarding-the World's Most Dangerous Sport
【8~11题答案】
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. B 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，介绍滑雪运动员Shaun White。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“officially marking the end of his long and storied career as a professional snowboarder.No matter how hard the 35-year-old tried to hold back his emotions, it just got to be too much.”（正式标志着他作为职业滑雪板运动员漫长而传奇的职业生涯的结束。无论35岁的他多么努力地控制自己的情绪，他的情绪还是太强烈了。）可知，他为自己的职业生涯感到自豪，故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Those tricks brought him three Olympic gold medals, as well as injuries, including the brutal crash in 2018 when he slammed his head against the top of a superpipe, leading to 62 stitches in his face in the lead-up to the Pyeongchang 2018 Winter Olympics.”（这些技巧让他获得了三枚奥运会金牌，也让他受伤，包括2018年在平昌冬奥会前夕，他的头撞上了一个超级管道的顶部，导致脸上缝了62针。）可知，作者讲述他受过的伤想要说明他成功前的艰辛，故选C。【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The future for me is so exciting.There is so much to do and so much to live for.This is just the beginning for me.”（我的未来是如此令人兴奋。有那么多事情要做，有那么多生活的意义。这对我来说只是个开始。）可知，他将继续为冰雪运动做出贡献，故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“officially marking the end of his long and storied career as a professional snowboarder.No matter how hard the 35-year-old tried to hold back his emotions, it just got to be too much.”（正式标志着他作为职业滑雪板运动员漫长而传奇的职业生涯的结束。无论35岁的他多么努力地控制自己的情绪，他的情绪还是太强烈了。）可知，本文主要讲述滑雪运动员Shaun White在2022届冬奥会之后，结束自己的职业生涯时，激动地向自己的职业生涯告别，故选B。
D
When you throw something in the recycling bin, do you think about what it could become? And when you do, does it make you more likely to use that recycling bin? Recently, a study was conducted in an effort to decide whether or not explaining to people what their recyclables are transformed into would help increase recycling rates.
The researchers started with a group of 111 college students, asked to draw on paper before watching one of three ads.One was a public service message that showed paper going into recycling bins.The other two also showed the paper either being transformed into new paper or a guitar.After completing a survey, the students were asked to deal with the paper when they left. Half of those who saw the first ad recycled their paper, while the recycling rate jumped to 80% for those who'd seen the other ads.
After doing a few more lab experiments, the researchers headed into the real world.At a party, volunteers spoke with attendees (出席者) about recycling, with half mentioning transformed products and half keeping it general.They discovered the subject of the talks came into play.After the game, the recycling and trash bags were weighed.Those who received a message recycled over half of their waste, while those who did not recycled less than a fifth.
All this is to say that details matter.People want to know what treasures their trash can become, and when that's laid out clearly, they' re more likely to do it.Perhaps recycling companies should redesign signs to describe the items being created.Recycling is far from a perfect solution,but it doesn't hurt to manage to improve its rates.
12. What's the function of the first paragraph?
A. To lead to the main topic.
B. To reflect the author's attitude.
C. To introduce a new recycling bin.D. 1 To emphasize the benefits of recycling.
13. What does the underlined part“came into play”in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Took effect.
B. Broke down.
C. Took off.
D. Came to mind.
14. What does the author advise recycling companies to do?
A. Sign the names on the items.
B. Find perfect ways of recycling.
C. Examine the details of items.
D. Show the transformation of waste.
15. In which column of the website does the text probably appear?
A. Sports and games.
B. Travel and tourism.
C. Entertainment and recreation.
D. Science and human life.
【12~15题答案】
【答案】12. A 13. A 14. D 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，告知人们回收废品的最终去向，将会有利于提高废品的回收率。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Recently, a study was conducted in an effort to decide whether or not explaining to people what their recyclables are transformed into would help increase recycling rates.”（最近进行了一项研究，试图决定向人们解释他们的可回收物品被转化成什么，是否有助于提高回收率。）可知，第一段主要是为了引出文章主旨——提高回收废品的转化率，故选A。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段中“After the game, the recycling and trash bags were weighed. Those who received a message recycled over half of their waste, while those who did not recycled less than a fifth.”（比赛结束后，对回收袋和垃圾袋称重。收到短信的人回收了一半以上的垃圾，而没有收到短信的人回收的垃圾不到五分之一。）可知，划线词应该是“奏效”的意思，故选A。
【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Perhaps recycling companies should redesign signs to describe the items being created.”（也许回收公司应该重新设计标识来描述正在制作的物品。）可知，作者建议回收公司展示出废物转化成什么，故选D。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Recently, a study was conducted in an effort to decide whether or not explaining to people what their recyclables are transformed into would help increase recycling rates.”（最近进行了一项研究，试图决定向人们解释他们的可回收物品被转化成什么，是否有助于提高回收率。）可知，本文主旨大意为提高回收废品的转化率，与人类生活密切相关，故选D。
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The quality of the family relationship is more important than family configuration (结构). A healthy family relationship is the base of a happy family. ___16___. Although family relationships are different, there are certain characteristics that healthy family relationships share.
___17___. Family members listen to and genuinely care about what the others are saying. In these families, communication is on a deep enough level that all members are able to share their feelings, goals, achievements and experiences. When some feedback and constructive criticism are given, love and affection are made clear by the use of positive words.
A family with a healthy relationship requires every single family member’s commitment. Family members hold family as a top priority (优先考虑的事) and consider the impact on relatives before making important decisions. Family members are dependable and always there for each other in times of crisis.___18___.
A characteristic of healthy family relationship is that they spend time doing enjoyable activities together. ___19___. Often, these activities become family traditions, such as sharing meals together, having family outings every weekend or playing sports together.
___20___. Family members accept that they each have their own personalities, qualities and interests. Everyone plays an important role in the family. When there is conflict between family members, it is solved in a positive and healthy manner. Family members also acknowledge each other’s achievements and show appreciation for other members.
A. Therefore, members do not feel they are on their own
B. Family members share everything they have with each other
C. Respect is an important characteristic of healthy family relationships
D. It provides members with the support and encouragement that they needE. Family members tend to select activities that help the family to grow closer
F. It is important to keep in mind that each family member is a unique individual
G. Families with healthy relationships engage in positive and meaningful communication
【16~20题答案】
【答案】16. D 17. G 18. A 19. E 20. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了健康的家庭关系的一些特征。
【16题详解】
根据上文“A healthy family relationship is the base of a happy family. (健康的家庭关系是幸福家庭的基础)”和下文“Although family relationships are different, there are certain characteristics that healthy family relationships share. (虽然家庭关系不同，但健康的家庭关系有一些共同的特征)”可知，上文指出健康的家庭关系是幸福家庭的基础，下文指出健康的家庭有一些共同的特征。由此推知，空处承接上文，指出健康的家庭关系的好处。D项“它为成员提供他们所需要的支持和鼓励”符合题意，选项中的“It”指代上文的“A healthy family relationship”。故选D。
【17题详解】
空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“Family members listen to and genuinely care about what the others are saying. In these families, communication is on a deep enough level that all members are able to share their feelings, goals, achievements and experiences. When some feedback and constructive criticism are given, love and affection are made clear by the use of positive words. (家人会倾听并真诚地关心别人说的话。在这些家庭中，交流是在一个足够深的层次上，所有成员能够分享他们的感受，目标，成就和经验。当一些反馈和建设性的批评被给予时，爱和情感通过使用积极的词语来表达)”可知，在健康的家庭关系中成员们的交流都是积极的、有意义的。G项“拥有健康关系的家庭会进行积极而有意义的交流”符合本段主旨，“communication”是关键词。故选G。
【18题详解】
空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文“Family members hold family as a top priority (优先考虑事) and consider the impact on relatives before making important decisions. Family members are dependable and always there for each other in times of crisis. (家庭成员把家庭作为最优先考虑的事情，家庭成员在做重要决定前，会考虑对亲属的影响。家庭成员是可靠的，在危机时刻总是相互帮助)”可知，家庭成员会相会帮助，这样成员就不会觉得什么都靠自己独立解决。A项“因此，家庭成员们并不觉得自己是孤立无援的”符合题意，与上文形成明显的因果关系。故选A。
【19题详解】根据主旨句“A characteristic of healthy family relationship is that they spend time doing enjoyable activities together. (健康家庭关系的一个特点是他们花时间一起做愉快的活动)”可知，本段主要说明在健康的家庭关系中成员们会一起度过快乐、有意义的时光。再结合下文“Often, these activities become family traditions, such as sharing meals together, having family outings every weekend or playing sports together. (通常，这些活动会成为家庭传统，比如一起吃饭，每个周末一起外出或一起运动)”推知，上文提到了有利于增进家庭成员关系的活动。E项“家庭成员倾向于选择有助于家庭关系更加亲密的活动”符合题意，且贴合主旨，下文的“these activities”指代选项中的“activities that help the family to grow closer”。故选E。
20题详解】
空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“Family members accept that they each have their own personalities, qualities and interests. Everyone plays an important role in the family. When there is conflict between family members, it is solved in a positive and healthy manner. Family members also acknowledge each other’s achievements and show appreciation for other members. (家庭成员承认他们每个人都有自己的个性、品质和兴趣。每个人在家庭中都扮演着重要的角色。当家庭成员之间发生冲突时，以积极健康的方式解决。家庭成员也承认彼此的成就，并对其他成员表示赞赏)”可知，虽然家庭成员性格各异，但要承认彼此的成就，并且相互赞赏，即家庭成员之间应该尊重并欣赏。C项“尊重是健康家庭关系的重要特征”可以作为本段主旨句。故选C。
第二部分 语言知识运用 (共两节，满分45分)
第一节 (共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处，的最佳选项。
It's the stuff of travel nightmares (噩梦).Taking something precious on your trip, keeping it close to hand so you don't risk___21___.it in checked baggage - and then realizing you don't have it when you get home.
For Rachel DeGolia, the nightmare of losing something on a___22___came true.In September, her___23___collection of family letters from the 1940s to 1970s was left on a plane as it pulled into Chicago Midway Airport.
It was, says DeGolia, “tragic (悲惨的)”But that tragedy turned to___24___- when, after a three-week search, one airline representative___25___ DeGolia with her letters.
DeGolia says, in summer 2021, she received a collection of family letters sent by her cousin.She decided to take them with her to her daughter's wedding party as she thought it would be the perfect occasion to share the letters with her brother.Her brother was very___26___and decided to take the precious cargo (货物) home, making
sure to keep it with him in the cabin - but then ___27___it in the cabin when he got off his flight home to Chicago.
After the passengers got off the plane, crew (乘务员)___28___the cargo during their post-flight checks, realized the letters were precious, and handed the cargo over to a gate agent.The letters___29___in Sarah Haffner's hands.Haffner, a Baggage Service Office supervisor (主管) for Southwest at Midway, checked the letters___30___and realized it was very precious item that needed to find its___31___.
Normally, the procedure for reuniting items with their owners is fairly_ ___32___.Agents like Haffner look for any identification on the item, and then ___33___ the name to a passenger booking.If the person has been on a connecting flight, that's not an issue, because they have a database of___34___ going back a couple of years.But the___35___ was that the only identifying name in the whole batch of letters was Rachel DeGolia - and she hadn't been on the fight.
Haffner and her colleagues tried their best.After three weeks of___36___, they finally found some___37___of a Rachel DeGolia from Ohio on the Internet, “I was like, what are the chances -it's got to be her,”Haffner says.Then she managed to track down a ___38___ number.
“At 9 p.m.one night I got this call,”says DeGolia.She was___39___ to tears, calling Haffner“A wonderful young woman for ___40___her family legacy (遗产).
21. A. finding B. losing C. solving D. keeping
22. A. flight B. bus C. train D. boat
23. A. unbelievable B. impossible C. unacceptable D. irreplaceable
24. A. sorrow B. anxiety C. relief D. effort
25. A. helped B. reunited C. favored D. impressed
26. A. bored B. excited C. confused D. disappointed
27. A. put B. hid C. left D. threw
28. A. received B. missed C. delivered D. found
29. A. ended up B. came out C. passed on D. took over
30. A. secretly B. carefully C. carelessly D. differently
31. A. way B. value C. owner D. price
32. A. simple B. useful C. unusual D. slow
33. A. add B. apply C. match D. introduce
34. A. agents B. crew C. parcels D. passengers
35. A. cause B. excuse C. process D. problem
36. A. preparing B. searching C. waiting D. thinking
37. A. rewards B. meanings C. clues D. puzzles
38. A. cabin B. baggage C. phone D. room39. A. annoyed B. worried C. scared D. moved
40. A. saving B. creating C. proving D. sharing
【21~40题答案】
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. D 36. B 37. C 38. C 39. D 40. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Rachel DeGolia将珍贵的家书落在飞机上，经过三周的辛苦寻找，最终找回了家书。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：把它放在手边，这样你就不会有在托运行李中丢失的风险。A. finding发现；B. losing失去；C. solving解决；D. keeping保持。根据“keeping it close to hand”（把它放在手边）可知，这样就不会弄丢了，故选B。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对蕾切尔•德戈利亚来说，在飞机上丢东西的噩梦变成了现实。A. flight航班；B. bus公交；C. train火车；D. boat船。根据“collection of family letters from the 1940s to 1970s was left on a plane as it pulled into Chicago Midway Airport.”（把20世纪40年代到70年代那些家信留在了飞机上）可知，她乘坐的是飞机，故选A。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：9月，一架飞机在芝加哥中途机场降落时，她把20世纪40年代到70年代那些无可替代的家信留在了飞机上。A. unbelievable难以置信的；B. impossible不可能的；C. unacceptable无法接受的；D. irreplaceable不可替代的。根据下文“and decided to take the precious cargo (货物) home”（决定把珍贵的货物带回家）可知，这里指珍贵的无可替代的家书，故选D。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但那场悲剧变成了宽慰。A. sorrow悲伤；B. anxiety焦虑；C. relief宽慰；D. effort努力。根据“after a three-week search, one airline representative___5__ _ DeGolia with her letters.”（经过三周的搜寻，一名航空公司代表用让德戈利亚与她的信件团聚）可知，家书失而复得，故此处指如释重负，感到宽慰。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一名航空公司代表用让德戈利亚与她的信件重聚。A. helped帮助；B. reunited重聚；C. favored支持；D. impressed印象。根据第六段中“Normally, the procedure for reuniting items with their owners is fairly”可知，航空公司找到了家书并物归原主了，失主与信件重聚。故选B。【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的哥哥非常兴奋，决定把这宝贵的货物带回家。A. bored厌倦的；B. excited兴奋的；C. confused困惑的；D. disappointed失望的。根据“and decided to take the precious cargo home”（决定把这宝贵的货物带回家）可知，她哥哥很兴奋，故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是当他下飞机回芝加哥的时候，却把它落在了机舱里。A. put放置；B. hid隐藏；C. left离开，落下；D. threw抛弃。根据“in the cabin when he got off his flight home to Chicago.”并联系上文内容可知，下飞机时将信件落在了飞机上，故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：乘客下飞机后，机组人员在飞行后检查中发现了这些货物。A. received收到；B. missed错过；C. delivered递送；D. found发现。根据“realized the letters were precious, and handed the cargo over to a gate agent.”（意识到这些信件很珍贵，就把货物交给了登机口的工作人员）可知，机组人员发现了这些信件，故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些信件最终落入了Sarah Haffner的手中。A. ended up最后来到；结束；B. came out出版；C. passed on通过；D. took over接管。根据“when, after a three-week search, one airline representative___5_ _ DeGolia with her letters.”（经过三周的寻找之后，一名航空公司代表归还了她的信件）可知，这些信件最终到了Sarah Haffner的手中，故选A。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：哈弗纳是中途机场西南航空公司行李服务办公室的主管，他仔细检查了这些信件，意识到这是非常珍贵的东西，需要找到失主。A. secretly秘密地；B. carefully认真地；C. carelessly粗心地；D. differently不同地。根据“realized it was very precious item”（意识到这是非常珍贵的东西）可知，他经过了仔细地检查后得出了结论，故选B。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：哈弗纳是中途机场西南航空公司行李服务办公室的主管，他仔细检查了这些信件，意识到这是非常珍贵的东西，需要找到失主。A. way方式；B. value价值；C. owner主人；D. price价格。根据“realized it was very precious item”（意识到这是非常珍贵的东西）可知，珍贵的东西需要物归原主，故选C。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常，将物品归还给物主过程是相当简单的。A. simple简单的；B. useful有用的；C. unusual不寻常的；D. slow缓慢的。根据“Agents like Haffner look for any identification on the item, and then _ _13___ the name to a passenger booking.”（像Haffner这样的代理人寻找物品上的任何身份证明，然后将名字与乘客预订匹配）可知，归还的过程很简单，故选A。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：像Haffner这样的代理人寻找物品上的任何身份证明，然后将名字与乘客预订匹配。A. add增加；B. apply申请；C. match匹配；D. introduce介绍。根据前文“ look for any identification on the item”和下文“the name to a passenger booking”并联系语境是寻找失主可知，此处指的是与乘客名字相匹配，故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果这个人坐过中转航班，那不是问题，因为他们有一个几年前乘客的数据库。A. agents代理人；B. crew船员；C. parcels包裹；D. passengers旅客。根据“If the person has been on a connecting flight, that's not an issue”（如果这个人已经坐过中转航班，那不是问题）可知，航空公司有旅客的数据库，故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但问题是，在整批信件中，唯一可以辨认的名字是瑞秋•德戈利亚——而她没有乘坐过航班。A. cause原因；B. excuse借口；C. process步骤；D. problem问题。根据“was that the only identifying name in the whole batch of letters was Rachel DeGolia - and she hadn't been on the fight.”（在整批信件中，唯一可以辨认的名字是瑞秋•德戈利亚——而她没有乘坐过航班）可知，此处指的是归还过程中唯一的问题，故选D。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过三周的搜寻，他们终于在网上找到了来自俄亥俄州的瑞秋•德戈利亚的一些线索。A. preparing准备；B. searching寻找；C. waiting等待；D. thinking思考。根据“After three weeks of”（经过三周）和下文的“they finally found”可知，经过了三周的搜索，故选B。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过三周的搜寻，他们终于在网上找到了来自俄亥俄州的瑞秋•德戈利亚的一些线索。A. rewards奖励；B. meanings含义；C. clues线索；D. puzzles谜。根据“they finally found some”和“I was like, what are the chances -it's got to be her”可知，他们找到了一些线索，故选C。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后她设法找到了一个电话号码。A. cabin木屋；B. baggage行李；C. phone电话；D. room房间。根据“At 9 p.m.one night I got this call”（一天晚上9点，我接到一个电话）可知，航空公司找到了电话号码并联系了她，故选C。
【39题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她被感动得热泪盈眶。A. annoyed生气的；B. worried担忧的；C. scared恐惧的；D. moved感动的。根据“calling Haffner A wonderful young woman for ___20___her family legacy (遗产).”（称Haffner是拯救家族财产了不起的女人）可知，她很感动，故选D。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个了不起的年轻女人拯救了她的家族遗产。A. saving挽救；B. creating创造；C. proving证明；D. sharing分享。根据“her family legacy”（她的家族遗产）可知，信件失而复得的过程即被挽救的过程，故选A。
第二节 (共 10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s accumulated experience in reducing food loss and waste is being shared with the world. This knowledge will help many countries improve their ability___41___ (reduce) food loss and ensure food security, experts and officials said.
About 14 percent of the world’s food is lost during from___42___(produce) to retail (零售). Reducing that loss by 1 percentage point would be equal to a 28 million metric ton increase in grain output, ___43___could feed 70 million people for a year. This is according to the State of Food and Agriculture 2019 report released by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization.
According to the FAO, over 155 million people experienced serious food insecurity in 2020, the___44___(high) number in the past five years. This was caused by conflict, extreme weather events and economic shocks___45___(relate) to COVID-19.
Wu Laping, ___46___professor at China Agricultural University’s College of Economics and Management, said food loss and waste is___47___(large) affected by economic development. They noted that___48___(develop) countries lose food mainly before it is retailed, whereas developed countries mainly lose it after retail.
___49___example, food loss and waste mostly occurs in harvesting and storage in Africa and South Asia. Up to 30 percent of food loss was found during farmers’ storage in some areas in Africa, and 21 percent of food in the United States____50____(waste) during daily consumption, Wu told Economic Daily.
【41~50题答案】
【答案】41. to reduce
42. production
43. which 44. highest
45. related
46. a 47. largely 48. developing
49. For 50. was wasted
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国积累的经验，关于全世界食物的损失和浪费。
【41题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：这一知识能帮助很多国家来提升他们减少食物损失的能力，并且能确保食物安全。此处做the ability的定语，“做某事的能力”表达为the ability to do sth.，应用动词不定式做定语，故填to reduce。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：世界上大约14%的食物从生产到零售过程中被损失掉。此处from为介词，且根据to retail中的retail为名词可知，此处也应用名词，故填production。
【43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：减少1%的食物损失就能增加28万公吨的谷物输出，这能养活7000万人一年。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a 28 million metric ton increase in grain output，指物，从句中缺少主语，故填which。
【44题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：根据FAO，超过15亿5000万人在2020年经历了严重的食物不安全问题，是过去五年内最高值。根据此空前定冠词the可知，此处表示“近五年来最高值”，故应用形容词最高级，故填highest。
【45题详解】
考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：这是由冲突、极端气候和与新冠相关的经济冲击引起的。此处做economic shocks的定语，economic shocks与relate之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语，故填related。
【46题详解】
考查冠词。句意：中国农业大学的经济管理系的教授吴说道，食物损耗和食物废弃主要受经济发展的影响。此处professor意为“教授”，为可数名词，表泛指“一个教授”，故应填不定冠词，且professor音素以辅音开头，故应填a。
【47题详解】
考查副词。句意：中国农业大学的经济管理系的教授吴说道，食物损耗和食物废弃主要受经济发展的影响。此处修饰动词is affected，应用副词修饰，故填largely。
【48题详解】
考查形容词作定语。句意：他们强调，发展中国家食物耗损只要是在零售之前，然而发达国家只要是在零售后。根据后文的whereas developed countries可知，此处表示前后对比，故此处应指“发展中国家”，故填developing。【49题详解】
考查介词。句意：比如说，在非洲和亚洲南部，食物耗损和废弃主要发生在丰收和储存阶段。此处意为“比如说”，表达为for example，故填For。
【50题详解】
考查时态。句意：并且，美国的21%食物是在每日的消耗中损耗的。根据前文的“Up to 30 percent of food loss was found”可知，此处应用一般过去时，且food与waste之间为被动关系，故应填一般过去时的被动，故填was wasted。
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号( Λ )，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划-横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Reading is my favorite hobby. I can never stop the love for read because books are like wise teachers as well as good friends in my life. As we all know, books are the source of knowledges. I benefit a great deal of from reading. There is a variety of books for us to choose from, like history books, science books, literary books and so on. But which interests me most is literary books, especial those written by famous writers. For one thing, they helped to improve my writing skills and broaden my horizons. For other, they can enrich my life and provide us with great fun. Isn't it pleasure to have great calm in mind while reading?
【51题答案】
【答案】1.read→reading 2.knowledges→knowledge 3.去掉of 4.is→are
5.which→what 6.especial→especially 7.helped→help 8.other→another
9.us→me 10.pleasure前加上a
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了阅读的好处。
【详解】1.考查动名词做宾语。句意：我无法停止对阅读的喜欢，因为书既是我生命中的良师，又是我的好朋友。此处意为“对……的喜爱”，表达为the love for doing sth.。故将read改为reading。
2.考查不可数名词。句意：众所周知，书是知识的源泉。此处knowledge为不可名词，没有复数形式。故将knowledges改为knowledge。
3.考查介词。句意：从阅读中，我获益很多。此处意为“获益很多”，表达为benefit a great deal，of后要跟宾语，此处为副词短语。修饰动词benefit。故去掉of。
4.考查主谓一致。句意：有很多种书可供我们选择。此处主语为a variety of books，为复数，故谓语动词应用复数。故将is改为are。
5.考查主语从句。句意：最让我感兴趣的是文学书，尤其是由著名作家写的那些书。此处为主语从句，从句缺少主语，且意思为“什么”，故应用what引导，故将which改为what。
6.考查副词。句意：最让我感兴趣是文学书，尤其是由著名作家写的那些书。此处意为“尤其是，特别是”，应用副词。故将especial改为especially。
7.考查动词时态。句意：一方面，它帮助我提高我的写作能力，并开阔我的眼界。此处为陈述客观事实，故应用一般现在时。故将helped改为help。
8.考查代词。句意：另一方面，他们可以丰富我的生活，并为我带来乐趣。此处意为“另一方面”，表达为for another。故将other改为another。
9.考查代词。句意：另一方面，他们可以丰富我的生活，并为我带来乐趣。此处意为“给我带来很多乐趣”，故用代词me。故将us改为me。
10.考查冠词。句意：阅读时，享受内心的平静难道不是一件令人快乐的事吗？此处pleasure是抽象名词具体化，泛指“一件令人快乐的事”，应用不定冠词，且pleasure是以辅音音素开头，故在pleasure前加上a。
第二节 书面表达 (满分25分)
52. 2021年12月9日下午，神舟十三号天宫乘组航天员在中国空间站向全国青少年进行了第一次“天宫课堂”现场授课活动。你校英语报对此进行了全面报道，以下是报道的节选内容:
China’s Shenzhou 13 astronauts have presented a science lesson live from the orbiting (绕轨道运行) Tiangong space station on Thursday.
Astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu began the class at 2:40 am EST (0740GMT, 3:40 pm Beijing time) on Thursday from inside the Tianhe module, the core of the Tiangong station.
The class featured topics including life and work aboard the Tianhe space station module, the behavior of biological cells, how astronauts move in micro-gravity (微重力), water surface tension (张力) experiments and more, according to CMSA, China's human spaceflight agency.
假设“天宫课堂”第二讲将于近期开播，你校英语报以“If you were given a chance to meet the astronauts face-to-face, what questions would you like to ask?”为主题，面向全校广大师生征 稿。请你用英语给三位宇航员写一封信并以此投稿，内容包括；1.向宇航员致敬；
2.提出你的问题(2一3个)；
3.预祝成功返回。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear astronauts,
Thank you for all the trouble you’ve taken to spend such a long and unusual time in space.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【52题答案】
【答案】Dear astronauts,
Thank you for all the trouble you’ve taken to spend such a long and unusual time in space. Without your effort, China’s space industry couldn’t have created one miracle after another.
Seeing your last class presenting your life and work aboard the space station, I’m greatly interested in it and I want to know more. What appeals to me most is how you get accustomed to your daily routine in micro-gravity such as having dinner, washing faces, getting changed and so on. As it was the first time for Chinese astronauts to spend Spring Festival in space, I’m curious about whether you decorated your “home” with Spring Festival couplets and red lanterns? And did you enjoy a good meal at Lunar New year’s eve as usual?
May you happy in the core and we are waiting for your coming back safely and successfully.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给神舟十三号的三位宇航员写信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
奇迹：wonder→miracle
展示：show→present吸引：attract→appeal to
习惯：be used to→get accustomed to
2.句式拓展：
简单句变复合句
原句：May you happy in the core and we are waiting for your coming back safely and successfully.
拓展句：We hope you are happy in the core, and we are waiting for your coming back safely and successfully.
【点睛】[高分句型1]What appeals to me most is how you get accustomed to your daily routine in micro-gravity such as having dinner, washing faces, getting changed and so on. (what引导的主语从句和how引导的表语从句)
[高分句型2]As it was the first time for Chinese astronauts to spend Spring Festival in space, I’m curious about whether you decorated your “home” with Spring Festival couplets and red lanterns? (As引导的原因状语从句和whether引导的宾语从句)
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