英语必修 第二册Unit 3 The internet课前预习ppt课件

这是一份英语必修 第二册Unit 3 The internet课前预习ppt课件，共18页。PPT课件主要包含了被动语态的定义，人家从不听他的话等内容，欢迎下载使用。
语态(vice)是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（Active Vice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（Passive Vice）。
We cleaned the classrm yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。The classrm was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。
动词的被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的 过去分词”构成。当主动句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来的主语变成了介词by 的宾语。主动句与被动句的结构虽然不同，但动作的执行者和承受者的关系并没有改变。
二、被动语态的一般结构：
即：be+ dne (+ by)
在被动句中有时用by- 词组，有时不用。一般来说，当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚重要或难以说出时，通常不用by。但有时为了强调动作执行者或者由于上下文和结构上的需要则必须使用 by 词组。例如：
Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. 《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚写的。The task has been finished. 任务已经完成了。
一般现在时： am / is / are dne一般过去时： was / were dne现在进行时： am / is / are being dne过去进行时： was / were being dne现在完成时： have / has been dne过去完成时： had been dne一般将来时： shall / will be dne ; be ging t be dne当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can / must / have t…be dne
He is regarded as a brilliant persn. 他被认为很有才气。
This bk was written in 1969. 这本书是1969年写成的。
The brken bike is being repaired nw. 那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。
He tld us the cat was being washed when we called him. 他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。
The pen has been used fr several years. 这支钢笔已经用了几年。
He said the factry had been pened . 他说这家工厂已经开张。
The wrk will be finished in three hurs. 工作将于三小时后完成。
The baby must be lked after well. 这孩子必须被好好照顾。
三、几种常用时态的被动语态：
Peple speak English almst all ver the wrld. 世界各地都有人讲英语。
English is spken almst all ver the wrld.
1.含有单宾语的句子转换：
四、主动变被动中的几个问题：
Peple believe that he is an hnest by. 大家认为他是个诚实的孩子。
It is believed that he is an hnest by.
The by is believed t be an hnest ne.
1）用先行的it作形式主语，把宾语从句变成后置的主语从句。
练习：We think that we culd win the game.
we are thught t win the game.
It is thught that we culd win the game.
2）把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。
当主动句的宾语是that引导的宾语从句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。
2.含有双宾语的主动句的转换
I gave the bk t Mr. Smith yesterday. 昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。
The bk was given t Mr. Smith yesterday ( by me).
Mr. Smith was given a bk yesterday (by me).
His mther gave him a present fr his birthday.
He was given a present by his mther fr his birthday.
3. 含有动词短语的句子转换。
They have never listened t him.
He has never been listened t.
练习： They take gd care f the baby.
The baby is taken gd care f by them.
注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一 个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。
He made me d the wrk.
I was made t d the wrk by him.
4. 主动句中动词不带t, 但在被动句中带t：
练习： we heard him say gd-bye t his friends.
He was heard t say gd-bye t his friends.
注意：make, hear, see, watch等词在主动句中动词不带t, 但在被动句中要带t。
这些动词真奇怪，主动句中t 离开，被动句中t回 来。
五、“get+P.P. ”表示被动
The naughty by gt ff the bike and gt injured.这个调皮的男孩从自行车上掉下来受伤了。My watch gt brken while I was playing with the children.我跟孩子们玩的时候把手表弄坏了。
六、介词短语表示被动意义
介词in, n under等+n.构成介词短语表示被动, in print/use, n shw/sale, under cntrl/ under treatment/ repair/ cnstructin/ discussin。1. 大楼正在建设中。2. 这本小说正在印刷。3.这件艺术品正在展出。1. The building is under cnstructin.2. This nvel is in print.3. This artwrk is n shw.
七、主动形式也可以表示被动意义的几种情况：
　1、主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性的动词。常见的这类动词有write, read, wear, wash, clean, sell, cut，run，dry等，这些动词常与副词well，easily，quickly，smthly等连用。例如：
This pen writes quite smthly. This kind f bk sells well. The cat dries easily.
　2、表示主语状态特征的连系动词：lk, feel, smell, taste, sund, prve, appear，remain，keep，stay，becme，turn，grw，turn ut，prve等。例如：
Yur idea sunds reasnable. What he said prved t be crrect. The water feels cld.The sup tastes delicius.
3、 be wrth ,want,need,require后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义：be wrth ding， deserve /need / want / require ding (t be dne)结构中
His suggestin is nt wrth cnsidering. The huse needs repairing(t be repaired). The flwers want watering(t be watered).
进行时表被动：The bk is printing.The meat is cking.Our new teaching building is building.
The dr wn't shut\pen.The radi wn't play. (本身固有的特性)The radi desn't play. （暂时的状况）
4、 当pen, clse, shut, lck, mve等用做不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。他们常与can’t, wn’t等连用。
5、不定式的主动形式表被动：HIV is difficult t cure.The questin is easy t answer.The man has a large family t supprt.They have a lt f wrk t d.I fund the guy difficult t get alng with.