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Unit+7同步测试卷--2021-2022学年初中英语人教版八年级下册
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这是一份Unit+7同步测试卷--2021-2022学年初中英语人教版八年级下册，共16页。
第七单元同步测试卷
一、单项选择
1．Be careful! The ice is not ________ enough. You’d better not skate on it.
A．thick B．thin C．white D．big
2．Tom missed the chair and ________ over.
A．came B．fell C．got D．walked
3．His job ________ looking after all the babies in this room.
A．includes B．shines C．cheats D．competes
4．— Let’s go to the park after we finish the homework.
— Sounds good. It’s a good place for us to ________ fresh air.
A．take up B．take after C．take in D．take out
5．He’s wearing a pair of sunglasses to ________ his eyes from the strong sunlight.
A．practice B．protect C．promise D．print
6．— How long is the river?
— ________ I know, it is about 1,000 kilometers long.
A．As far as B．As long as C．As many as D．As much as
7．The Great Wall is about 21 thousand kilometers ________. It’s the longest wall in the world.
A．long B．wide C．deep D．high
8．—________ the population of Tianshui?
—It’s about 3.4 million.
A．How many B．How much C．What is D．Which is
9．— Dear friends, do you still remember why you came here three years ago?
— To ________ our dreams!
A．copy B．save C．imagine D．achieve
10．— Can you tell me if your visiting plan ________ visiting the Summer Palace?
— Of course. We will visit it next week.
A．decides B．includes C．achieves D．reminds
11．— Where is the Nile?
— It ________ the northern part of Africa.
A．runs along B．runs after C．runs up D．runs over
12．The baby elephant’s ________ is about 100 kilos, but an adult elephant may ________ about 5,000 kilos.
A．weight; weigh B．weight; weight C．weigh; weigh D．weigh; weight
13．In our class, no one can speak English ________ Jim. He is the best.
A．as beautiful as B．as badly as C．worse than D．better than
14．My pet dog feels like standing ________ his two legs.
A．in B．by C．on D．of
15．The dog was 2 kilos ________, but now it is 30 kilos.
A．at birth B．at least C．at last D．at once
16．—Our neighborhood is so dirty. Shall we clean it this afternoon or tomorrow?
— . Any time is OK.
A．It is up to you B．Excuse me C．Have a good time D．I′m afraid I can′t
17．He gave out the ________ food to the worker, so he had nothing to eat.
A．remaining B．freezing C．fresh D．simple
18．The boy ________ a car while he was playing with his mobile phone.
A．walked into B．got into C．fixed up D．set up
19．The pandas are ________. We should try our best to protect them.
A．endangered B．useful C．serious D．careless
20．Many wild animals are ________, so it’s time for us to do whatever we can to protect them.
A．in danger B．in peace C．in need D．in time
21．On weekends, the Smiths usually drive to the countryside and ________ the fresh air there.
A．come in B．take in C．take off D．wake up
22．I enjoy playing computer games, but I can’t ________ too much time ________ that.
A．take; doing B．spend; doing C．spend; to do D．take; to do
23．— How tall is the tree? — It’s about ________.
A．5 meter B．5 meters tall C．10 foot tall D．10-feet tall
24．—Mike, do you know how deep the Caspian Sea is?
— ________. Maybe we can search online to find the answer.
A．Sorry, I don’t know B．That’s really amazing
C．I think it’s a little bit silly D．I can’t agree with you
25．—The Great Wall runs about 21, 200 kilometres.
—Wow! ________.
A．It's OK B．Good idea C．That's amazing D．You are welcome
二、完形填空
Fourteen years ago, the BBC’s documentary Planet Earth took us on an amazing ____26____ from the rainforest to the sea. It celebrated the beauty ____27____ our planet. Last year, a show called Our Planet was doing even ____28____ than that. We were really surprised at the diversity (多样性) of life on the earth. It called on us to ____29____ the earth before it was too late.
“What we do in the next 20 years will decide the future for all life on the earth,” Alastair Fothergill, one of the show’s makers said.
Our Planet came out on April 5th, 2019. It ____30____ 50 countries and more than 600 people spent over four years ____31____ on it. The show has eight episodes (集). ____32____ of them begins with a picture of the earth taken from the moon. It shows some problems that we should take ____33____. It also shows that the numbers of many ____34____ animals are growing with the help of the scientists. All this reminds us that ____35____ we work together, it will never be too late to save our planet.
26．A．building B．mountain C．journey D．city
27．A．with B．of C．from D．for
28．A．more B．few C．much D．less
29．A．move B．hide C．copy D．save
30．A．flies B．covers C．offers D．reminds
31．A．arguing B．working C．returning D．depending
32．A．Each B．None C．Some D．Both
33．A．heavily B．easily C．seriously D．completely
34．A．talented B．endangered C．brave D．strange
35．A．because of B．as soon as C．even though D．as long as
三、用所给单词的正确形式填空
36．To finish the work on time, Mr. Green drank some coffee to keep himself ________ (wake).
37．When the little boy saw his mother, he ran over with ________ (excite).
38．John is absent from school today because of ________ (ill).
四、划线部分提问
39．Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world. （对画线部分提问）
________ ________ the highest mountain in the world?
40．The old wall is about 8,850 kilometers long.（对画线部分提问）
________ ________ is the old wall?
41．Jim is the tallest boy in his class.（同义句转换）
Jim is ________ ________ any other boy in his class.
五、阅读单选
A Chinese spacecraft called Chang’e-4 made the first soft landing on the far side of the moon at 10:26 a. m. on January 3, 2019. It is the first time that a spacecraft has made it. The far side is the part of the moon that always faces away from the Earth.
After it landed on the ground, the spacecraft took the first photo of the “dark side” of the moon, and sent it back to the Earth through the Queqiao relay satellite（中继卫星）. The scientists launched the satellite into space in May, 20l8.
“What we know about the far side of the moon is from orbiters（轨道飞行器）, from Russia, the US, European countries, China and India,” Andrew Coates, a professor of Physics at University College London, told a reporter.
China sent Chang’e-4 into space from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in December, 2018. Sending a spacecraft to the far side of the moon isn’t easy, because the far side is covered in craters（环形山）. Some of its mountains are higher than Qomolangma, the highest mountain on the Earth.
What’s more, we can’t see the far side because it takes the moon about 28 days to move around the Earth with the same side always facing our planet. Direct communication with the Earth is impossible on the far side of the moon, so communications must go through a communication satellite. That was why scientists launched the Quegiao relay satellite.
42．What does the underlined word “launched” mean in Chinese?
A．研发 B．改造 C．发射 D．追踪
43．Why did scientists launch the Queqiao relay satellite?
A．To help Chang’e-4 move around the moon.
B．To get information of other relay satellites.
C．To send pictures of space to scientists on the Earth.
D．To provide a way of communication with the Earth.
44．What do the last two paragraphs mainly tell us?
A．Why sending a spacecraft to the far side of the moon is difficult.
B．How China sent Chang’e-4 into space from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center.
C．The differences between the mountains on the Earth and the mountains on the moon.
D．How the moon travels around the Earth with the same side always facing our planet.
45．What CANNOT we know from the passage?
A．When Chang’e-4 landed on the far side of the moon.
B．How scientists sent the satellite into space.
C．What Chang’e-4 did after landing on the far side of the moon.
D．What people knew about the far side of the moon.
46．Where does the passage probably come from?
A．A notice. B．A newspaper. C．A letter. D．A diary.
Wild beavers (河狸) are back! Experts say that the wild beaver families are doing well. The beavers are even boosting wildlife and the environment!
Over ten years ago, a family of beavers turned up in a part of the river Otter, in Devon. No one knew exactly where they came from. It was a big surprise, wild beavers hadn't lived in England for around 400 years!
In 2015, the government allowed the beavers to stay there as part of a trial (试验). They wanted to see if these animals could be reintroduced to the wild. The trial ends in February. Some scientists from the University of Exeter already say the beavers help the wildlife in the area. One scientist called it "an amazing story".
A lot of this is because of dams. Beavers build dams along the river. This creates deep pools in the riverbed and slows the water down. Scientists say this is perfect for many different types of plants and animals! Many plants are growing near the beavers. Different types of animals are also becoming more and more in the river. Beavers also help make flooding less, scientists say. The beavers' dams slow down the speed of the river, especially after heavy rain.
There are, however, some problems. Beavers gnaw (咬,啃)on trees and this can harm them. Their dams can also sometimes create floods (洪水) on people's land.
Beavers aren't the only animals that are being reintroduced to the wild! In 2019, red squirrels were brought back to an area of the Scottish Highlands. Further away, the world's rarest (罕见的) duck, the Madagascar pochard, is making a comeback. It was set free into the wild on the African island in 2019 and is doing well.
Who knows what other animals might be making a comeback?
47．Which of the following best explains "boosting" in paragraph 1?
A．building B．spreading C．helping D．creating
48．Why did the government want a trial first? Because they wanted to ________.
A．grow more plants along the river
B．build dams for the beavers in the wild
C．introduce the beavers to the wild
D．see if the beavers could be reintroduced to the wild
49．What are the good things about wild beavers living on the river Otter?
A．They help plants grow and make flooding less. B．They bring heavy rain and floods.
C．They gnaw on trees and harm them. D．Their dams create floods on people's land.
50．How many kinds of animals are mentioned in the news story which have been reintroduced to the wild?
A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.
51．How do you think animal lovers feel about the news?
A．Embarrassed. B．Pleased. C．Tired. D．Disappointed.
Four Major Plateaus(四大高原) in China
Qinghai－Tibet Plateau is the largest plateau in China and the highest in the world, covering about 2.5 million square kilometers. Its elevation(高度) is between 4,000 and 5,000 meters.
The second largest plateau in China, Inner Mongolian Plateau, is between 1,000 and 1,400 meters above sea level in north China.
The Loess Plateau is on the west of Taihang Mountains and on the east of Qilian Mountains. It covers 400,000 square kilometers and is between 1,500 to 2,000 meters above sea level.
Covering Guizhou Province and east Yunnan Province, Yunnan－Guizhou Plateau is between 1,000 to 2,000 meters above sea level. It is the smallest of the four. The famous Huangguoshu Waterfall is on the plateau.
52．Which one is in the north of China?A．Qinghai－Tibet Plateau. B．The Loess Plateau.
C．Yunnan－Guizhou Plateau. D．Inner Mongolian Plateau.
53．Which one is the highest plateau in the world?
A．Qinghai－Tibet Plateau. B．The Loess Plateau.
C．Yunnan－Guizhou Plateau. D．Inner Mongolian Plateau.
54．What's the Chinese meaning of the underlined word “Loess”?
A．石头 B．黄土 C．沙尘 D．岩溶
55．Which one is the smallest of the four?
A．Qinghai－Tibet Plateau. B．The Loess Plateau.
C．Yunnan－Guizhou Plateau. D．Inner Mongolian Plateau.
56．Where is the Loess Plateau?
A．On the east of Taihang Mountains.
B．On the south of Qingling Mountains.
C．Between Taihang Mountains and Qilian Mountains.
D．Between Taihang Mountains and Qinling Mountains.
1．A
【详解】
句意：小心点！冰不够厚。你最好不要在上面滑冰。
考查形容词辨析。thick厚的；thin薄的，瘦的；white白色的；big大的。根据题干中的“Be careful!”以及“You’d better not skate on it.”可知，此处指冰不够厚，所以要小心。故选A。
2．B
【详解】
句意：汤姆没坐到椅子上，摔倒了。
考查动词辨析。came来；fell跌倒；got得到；walked行走。根据“Tom missed the chair”可知，他摔倒了；fall over表示“摔倒，跌倒”。故选B。
3．A
【详解】
句意：他的工作包括照顾这个房间里所有的婴儿。
考查动词辨析。includes包含，包括；shines闪耀，发光；cheats欺骗，作弊；competes竞争。根据分析“job”及“looking after all the babies”可知，两者是包含关系。故选A。
4．C
【详解】
句意：——我们做完作业后去公园吧。——听起来不错。这是我们呼吸新鲜空气的好地方。
考查动词短语。take up开始从事；take after（在外表、举止、性格方面）像；take in吸收；take out取出。通过句意和“It’s a good place for us to … fresh air”可知，这里指“呼吸”新鲜空气，“take in”符合语境。故选C。
5．B
【详解】
句意：他戴着一副太阳镜以保护眼睛免受强烈阳光的照射。
考查动词辨析。practice练习；protect保护；promise承诺；print打印。根据“He’s wearing a pair of sunglasses to …his eyes from the strong sunlight”可知，戴太阳镜是为了保护眼睛免受强烈阳光的照射，故选B。
6．A
【详解】
句意：——这条河有多长？——据我所知，它大约有1000公里长。
考查as far as用法。As far as远至，据……；As long as和……一样长，只要；As many as和……一样多，修饰可数名词；As much as和……一样多，修饰不可数名词。固定短语as far as I know“据我所知”，故选A。
7．A
【详解】
句意：长城大约有21,000公里长。它是世界上最长的墙。
考查形容词辨析。long长的；wide宽的；deep深的；high高的。根据“It’s the longest wall in the world.”可知此处讲长城的长度，用long。故选A。
8．C
【详解】
句意：——天水有多少人口？——大约340万。
考查特殊疑问词。how many多少，对可数名词的数量提问；how much多少，对不可数名词数量或价格提问；what什么，在没有范围情况下，对事物提问；which 哪一个，在有范围情况下，对事物提问；根据答语“It’s about 3.4 million.”可知，此处是在询问 人口数量；询问某地有多少人口，用句型： What is the population of...? 故选C。
9．D
【详解】
句意：——亲爱的朋友们，你们还记得三年前为什么来这里吗？——为了实现我们的梦想！
考查动词辨析。copy抄写；save挽救；imagine想象；achieve实现，根据空后的“our dreams”可知，应该是实现梦想，故选D。
10．B
【详解】
句意：——你能告诉我你的参观计划是否包括参观颐和园吗？——当然。下周我们将参观它。
考查动词词义辨析。decides决定；includes包含；achieves取得；reminds使想起；通过“plan”和“visiting the Summer Palace”可知，此处要表达“参观计划包含……”，includes“包含”，动词的三单形式，其后可跟动名词或名词表示“包含……”。故选B。
11．A
【详解】
句意：——尼罗河在哪里?——它贯穿非洲北部。
考查动词短语。runs along延申，贯穿；runs after追赶；runs up上升；runs over造访。根据“the northern part of Africa”可知讲述的是尼罗河贯穿非洲北部地区，用短语“runs along”。故选A。
12．A
【详解】
句意：小象的体重约为100公斤，而成年象的体重约为5000公斤。
考查名词及动词的用法。weight重量；是名词；weigh称重，是动词。第一空前是名词所有格，后加名词；第二空前may是情态动词，后加动词原形，此处缺少谓语动词，weigh“称重”，是动词，故选A。
13．D
【详解】
句意：在我们班，没有人说英语能比吉姆说得更好。他是最好的。
考查形容词比较级。根据“In our class, no one can speak English...Jim”可知是两者进行比较，要用比较级，再由“He is the best.”可知，没有人比他更好，故选D。
14．C
【详解】
句意：我的宠物狗想要两条腿站立。
考查介词辨析。in在……里；by通过；on在……上面；of属于……的。固定短语stand on one’s two legs“两条腿站立”，故选C。
15．A
【详解】
句意：这条狗出生时只有2公斤，但现在已经30公斤了。
考查介词短语。at birth出生；at least至少；at last最后；at once立刻。根据“but now it is 30 kilos.”可知是狗出生时候只有2公斤。故选A。
16．A
【详解】
句意：——我们的社区太脏了，我们今天下午或明天能打扫下吗？——由你决定。什么时候都可以。
考查交际用语。It is up to you由你决定；Excuse me对不起；Have a good time玩的开心；I’m afraid I can’t我担心我不能。根据回答“Any time is OK.”可以推断，是同意对方的请求，选项中只有“It is up to you”符合语境。故选A。
17．A
【详解】
句意：他把剩余的食物给了工人，因此他没有吃的了。
考查形容词辨析。remaining剩余的；freezing冰冻的；fresh新鲜的；simple简单的。根据“...so he had nothing to eat.”可知他把自己的吃的给了工人，自己没吃的了，A选项符合句意。故选A。
18．A
【详解】
句意：那男孩在玩手机时撞上了一辆车。
考查动词短语。walked into走路时撞着；got into进入；fixed up修理；set up建立。根据“The boy...a car while he was playing with his mobile phone”可知是走路玩手机撞上了车。故选A。
19．A
【详解】
句意：熊猫濒临灭绝。我们应该尽力保护他们。
考查形容词辨析。endangered濒危的；useful有用的；serious认真的；careless粗心的。根据“We should try our best to protect them.”可知熊猫是濒危的，故选A。
20．A
【详解】
句意：许多野生动物正处于危险之中，所以我们应该尽我们所能保护它们。
考查介词短语。in danger处于危险之中；in peace处于和平之中；in need需要；in time及时。根据“so it’s time for us to do whatever we can to protect them”可知动物处于危险，所以应该保护。故选A。
21．B
【详解】
句意：在周末，史密斯一家通常开车去乡下呼吸新鲜空气。
考查动词短语辨析。come in进来；take in吸收；take off起飞；wake up醒来。根据“the fresh air there”可知，此处指“呼吸新鲜空气”，应用take in。故选B。
22．B
【详解】
句意：我喜欢玩电脑游戏，但我不能花太多的时间。
考查动词辨析。take花费，常见搭配是“It takes sb. to do sth.”；spend花费，常见搭配是“sb. spend sth. doing sth.”。根据固定搭配“sb. spend sth. doing sth.”可知，“spend；doing”符合句意。故选B。
23．B
【详解】
句意：——这树多高？——大约5米高。
考查数词。meter米；tall高的，foot英尺，复数是feet，超过“一”时，要用复数形式，排除A和C，当有连字符时，名词不能用复数，排除D，故选B。
24．A
【详解】
句意：——迈克，你知道里海有多深吗？——对不起，我不知道。也许我们可以在网上搜索答案。
考查情景交际。Sorry, I don’t know“对不起，我不知道”；That’s really amazing“这真太神奇了”；I think it’s a little bit silly“我认为这有点蠢”；I can’t agree with you“我不同意你的看法”。根据“Maybe we can search online to find the answer.”可知，答者不知道里海有多深，应用Sorry, I don’t know。故选A。
25．C
【详解】
句意：——长城大约有21,200公里。——哇!太神奇了。
考查情景交际。It's OK很好；Good idea好主意；That's amazing太神奇了；You are welcome不客气。根据上文The Great Wall runs about 21, 200 kilometres. 以及前面的Wow!可知此处应该是感到惊叹，所以C选项符合语境，故答案选C。
26．C
27．B
28．A
29．D
30．B
31．B
32．A
33．C
34．B
35．D
【解析】
本文主要介绍了BBC的纪录片《行星地球》带我们踏上了从雨林到大海的奇妙旅程，它颂扬了我们星球的美丽。去年，另一个节目《我们的星球》号召我们拯救地球。只要我们共同努力，拯救我们的星球就永远不会太迟。
26．
句意：14年前，BBC的纪录片《行星地球》带我们踏上了从雨林到大海的奇妙旅程。
building“建筑物”；mountain“山”；journey“旅行，旅程”；city“城市”。空格后提及从雨林到大海，由此可知此处为journey“旅行”。故选C。
27．
句意：它颂扬了我们星球的美丽。
with“和……一起”；of“……的”；from“来自”；for“为了”。“the beauty of...”意为“……的美丽”。故选B。
28．
句意：去年，一个叫做《我们的星球》的节目做的比那更多。
more“更多”；few“很少，几乎没有”；much“许多”；less“更少”。根据句中“than”可知，此处用比较级；又根据下文“We were really surprised at the diversity (多样性) of life on the earth.”可知，地球生命的多样性，由此可知上文表示一场名为《我们的星球》的演出比《行星地球》精彩得多。故选A。
29．
句意：它号召我们在为时未晚之前拯救地球。
move“移动”；hide“隐藏”；copy“抄袭”；save“拯救”。根据句中“called on us”，“before it was too late”可知，此处表示它号召我们“拯救”地球。save意为“拯救”。故选D。
30．
句意：它覆盖了50个国家。
flies“飞”；covers“覆盖”；offers“提供”；reminds“提醒”。此处表示这个节目覆盖50个国家，cover意为“覆盖”。故选B。
31．
句意：600多人耗时四年多的时间从事该工作。
arguing“争吵”；working“工作”；returning“返回”；depending“取决于”。work on意为“从事”。故选B。
32．
句意：它们中的每一集都是以从月球上拍摄的地球照片开始的。
Each“每一个”；None“没有一个”；Some“一些”；Both“两者都”。根据下文的谓语动词“begins”是第三人称单数，主语应用Each，强调每一个。故选A。
33．
句意：它展示了一些我们应该认真对待的问题。
heavily“沉重地”；easily“容易地”；seriously“认真地”；completely“完全地”。take... seriously意为“认真对待……”。故选C。
34．
句意：它也展示了在科学家们的帮助下，很多濒危动物的数量正在增长。
talented“有天赋的”；endangered“濒危的”；brave“勇敢的”；strange“陌生的”。根据下文“with the help of the scientists”可知，在科学家们的帮助下许多“濒危”动物的数量正在增加。故选B。
35．
句意：所有这些都提醒我们，只要我们共同合作，拯救我们的星球永远不会太迟。
because of“由于”；as soon as“一……就……”；even though“即使”；as long as“只要”。根据“we work together”与“it will never be too late to save our planet.”是条件关系，所以用as long as“只要”引导条件状语从句。故选D。
36．awake
【详解】
句意：为了按时完成工作，格林先生喝了一些咖啡来让自己保持清醒。“wake”是动词，表示“醒”。根据“keep himself”可知用形容词“awake”作宾补，表达“让自己保持清醒”。故填awake。
37．excitement
【详解】
句意：当这个小男孩看到他的母亲，他兴奋地跑过去。“with”是介词，后面接名词。“excite”的名词是excitement，表示“兴奋”。故填excitement。
38．illness
【详解】
句意：约翰今天因病没来上学。根据“because of”可知，后要接名词；ill“生病的”，形容词，其名词为illness，表示“疾病”。故填illness。
39． What is
【详解】
句意：珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山。画线部分是一个名词，对其提问用特殊疑问词what，后面紧跟be动词is。故填What；is。
40． How long
【详解】
句意：古长城大约有8850公里长。画线部分“about 8,850 kilometers long”指的是古长城的长度，用“how long”提问，意为“多长”，句子开头首字母大写。故填How；long。
41． taller than
【详解】
句意：吉姆是他班上最高的男孩。根据题意是变成同义句，即：最高级和比较级的转换，最高的男孩也就是比其他男孩都高，A+be+形容词比较级+than+B，表示“A比B……”，tall“高的”，是形容词，比较级用taller，故填taller；than。
42．C
43．D
44．A
45．B
46．B
【解析】
本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讲了为了探索月球，中国发射的嫦娥四号月球探测器首次在月球背面着陆，并拍摄了月球“黑暗面”的第一张照片。
42．
词义猜测题。根据“The scientists launched the satellite into space in May, 20l8.”可知，科学家们于2018年5月将这颗卫星送入太空，因此“launched”意为“发射”。故选C。
43．
细节理解题。根据“ Direct communication with the Earth is impossible on the far side of the moon, so communications must go through a communication satellite. That was why scientists launched the Quegiao relay satellite.”可知，在月球的远端，与地球的直接通信是不可能的，因此通信必须通过通信卫星。这就是为什么科学家发射了中继卫星。故选D。
44．
主旨大意题。通读这两段可知，主要讲了为什么把宇宙飞船送到月球的远端是困难的。故选A。
45．
细节理解题。根据“A Chinese spacecraft called Chang’e-4 made the first soft landing on the far side of the moon at 10:26 a. m. on January 3, 2019.”；“After it landed on the ground...relay satellite.”以及“Sending a spacecraft to the far side of the moon isn’t easy, because the far side is covered in craters（环形山）. Some of its mountains are higher than Qomolangma, the highest mountain on the Earth.”可知，能够知道嫦娥四号到达月球远端的时间、到达之后做了什么以及从地球的远端，人们可以了解到什么，而文章没有提到科学家们是如何将中继卫星发送到太空的。故选B。
46．
推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲了为了探索月球，中国发射的嫦娥四号月球探测器首次在月球背面着陆，并拍摄了月球“黑暗面”的第一张照片，因此文章可能来源自报纸。故选B。
47．C
48．D
49．A
50．C
51．B
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几种重新引入到野外的野生动物，以野生河狸为例说明了重新被引入到野外的野生动物状况良好，并介绍了其对环境发展的促进作用和不良影响。
47．词句猜测题。building建造；spreading传播；helping帮助；creating创造。根据第三段“the beavers help the wildlife in the area”可知，野生河狸帮助了该地区的野生动物，故野生河狸可以促进野生动物和环境的发展，故划线部分boosting意为“促进、提高”，可以用help“帮助”解释，即野生河狸帮助了野生动物和环境的发展。故选C。
48．细节理解题。根据第三段“They wanted to see if these animals could be reintroduced to the wild”可知，政府想要先做一个试验的目的是看这些野生河狸能否被重新引入野外。故选D。
49．细节理解题。根据第四段“Many plants are growing near the beavers…Beavers also help make flooding less”可知，野生河狸能够帮助植物生长，并减少洪水的发生，这是野生河狸带来的好处，其余的诸如引发洪水和啃咬树木，这些都是坏处。故选A。
50．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Beavers aren't the only animals…red squirrels were brought back…the world's rarest duck, the Madagascar pochard, is making a comeback”可知，文中一共提到了三种被重新引入到野外的动物，分别是河狸、红松鼠和马达加斯加麻鸭。故选C。
51．推理判断题。根据第二段“It was a big surprise”及全文内容可知，对于动物爱好者来说，野生动物重新被引入到野外的消息无疑是让他们非常高兴的。故选B。
52．D
53．A
54．B
55．C
56．C
【解析】
本文介绍了中国的四大高原——青藏高原、内蒙古高原、黄土高原和云贵高原。由于它们的高度、位置、成因和受外力侵蚀作用不同，这四大高原的外貌特征各异。
52．细节理解题。由句子The second largest plateau in China, Inner Mongolian Plateau, is between 1，000 and 1，400 meters above sea level in north China. 中国第二大高原，内蒙古高原，位于中国北方海拔1000-1400米之间。可知，内蒙古高原在中国的北方。故选D。
53．细节理解题。根据句子Qinghai－Tibet Plateau is the largest plateau in China and the highest in the world, covering about 2.5 million square kilometers.可知，青藏高原是中国最大、世界最高的高原。故选A。
54．词意猜测题。句子The Loess Plateau is on the west of Taihang Mountains and on the east of Qilian Mountains.的意思是：黄土高原位于太行山以西、祁连山以东。可知， Loess是“黄土”的意思。故选B。
55．细节理解题。由句子It is the smallest of the four.可知，云贵高原是四个中最小的一个。故选C。
56．细节理解题。由句子The Loess Plateau is on the west of Taihang Mountains and on the east of Qilian Mountains. 黄土高原位于太行山以西、祁连山以东。可知，黄土高原在太行山和祁连山之间。故选C。
第七单元同步测试卷
一、单项选择
1．Be careful! The ice is not ________ enough. You’d better not skate on it.
A．thick B．thin C．white D．big
2．Tom missed the chair and ________ over.
A．came B．fell C．got D．walked
3．His job ________ looking after all the babies in this room.
A．includes B．shines C．cheats D．competes
4．— Let’s go to the park after we finish the homework.
— Sounds good. It’s a good place for us to ________ fresh air.
A．take up B．take after C．take in D．take out
5．He’s wearing a pair of sunglasses to ________ his eyes from the strong sunlight.
A．practice B．protect C．promise D．print
6．— How long is the river?
— ________ I know, it is about 1,000 kilometers long.
A．As far as B．As long as C．As many as D．As much as
7．The Great Wall is about 21 thousand kilometers ________. It’s the longest wall in the world.
A．long B．wide C．deep D．high
8．—________ the population of Tianshui?
—It’s about 3.4 million.
A．How many B．How much C．What is D．Which is
9．— Dear friends, do you still remember why you came here three years ago?
— To ________ our dreams!
A．copy B．save C．imagine D．achieve
10．— Can you tell me if your visiting plan ________ visiting the Summer Palace?
— Of course. We will visit it next week.
A．decides B．includes C．achieves D．reminds
11．— Where is the Nile?
— It ________ the northern part of Africa.
A．runs along B．runs after C．runs up D．runs over
12．The baby elephant’s ________ is about 100 kilos, but an adult elephant may ________ about 5,000 kilos.
A．weight; weigh B．weight; weight C．weigh; weigh D．weigh; weight
13．In our class, no one can speak English ________ Jim. He is the best.
A．as beautiful as B．as badly as C．worse than D．better than
14．My pet dog feels like standing ________ his two legs.
A．in B．by C．on D．of
15．The dog was 2 kilos ________, but now it is 30 kilos.
A．at birth B．at least C．at last D．at once
16．—Our neighborhood is so dirty. Shall we clean it this afternoon or tomorrow?
— . Any time is OK.
A．It is up to you B．Excuse me C．Have a good time D．I′m afraid I can′t
17．He gave out the ________ food to the worker, so he had nothing to eat.
A．remaining B．freezing C．fresh D．simple
18．The boy ________ a car while he was playing with his mobile phone.
A．walked into B．got into C．fixed up D．set up
19．The pandas are ________. We should try our best to protect them.
A．endangered B．useful C．serious D．careless
20．Many wild animals are ________, so it’s time for us to do whatever we can to protect them.
A．in danger B．in peace C．in need D．in time
21．On weekends, the Smiths usually drive to the countryside and ________ the fresh air there.
A．come in B．take in C．take off D．wake up
22．I enjoy playing computer games, but I can’t ________ too much time ________ that.
A．take; doing B．spend; doing C．spend; to do D．take; to do
23．— How tall is the tree? — It’s about ________.
A．5 meter B．5 meters tall C．10 foot tall D．10-feet tall
24．—Mike, do you know how deep the Caspian Sea is?
— ________. Maybe we can search online to find the answer.
A．Sorry, I don’t know B．That’s really amazing
C．I think it’s a little bit silly D．I can’t agree with you
25．—The Great Wall runs about 21, 200 kilometres.
—Wow! ________.
A．It's OK B．Good idea C．That's amazing D．You are welcome
二、完形填空
Fourteen years ago, the BBC’s documentary Planet Earth took us on an amazing ____26____ from the rainforest to the sea. It celebrated the beauty ____27____ our planet. Last year, a show called Our Planet was doing even ____28____ than that. We were really surprised at the diversity (多样性) of life on the earth. It called on us to ____29____ the earth before it was too late.
“What we do in the next 20 years will decide the future for all life on the earth,” Alastair Fothergill, one of the show’s makers said.
Our Planet came out on April 5th, 2019. It ____30____ 50 countries and more than 600 people spent over four years ____31____ on it. The show has eight episodes (集). ____32____ of them begins with a picture of the earth taken from the moon. It shows some problems that we should take ____33____. It also shows that the numbers of many ____34____ animals are growing with the help of the scientists. All this reminds us that ____35____ we work together, it will never be too late to save our planet.
26．A．building B．mountain C．journey D．city
27．A．with B．of C．from D．for
28．A．more B．few C．much D．less
29．A．move B．hide C．copy D．save
30．A．flies B．covers C．offers D．reminds
31．A．arguing B．working C．returning D．depending
32．A．Each B．None C．Some D．Both
33．A．heavily B．easily C．seriously D．completely
34．A．talented B．endangered C．brave D．strange
35．A．because of B．as soon as C．even though D．as long as
三、用所给单词的正确形式填空
36．To finish the work on time, Mr. Green drank some coffee to keep himself ________ (wake).
37．When the little boy saw his mother, he ran over with ________ (excite).
38．John is absent from school today because of ________ (ill).
四、划线部分提问
39．Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world. （对画线部分提问）
________ ________ the highest mountain in the world?
40．The old wall is about 8,850 kilometers long.（对画线部分提问）
________ ________ is the old wall?
41．Jim is the tallest boy in his class.（同义句转换）
Jim is ________ ________ any other boy in his class.
五、阅读单选
A Chinese spacecraft called Chang’e-4 made the first soft landing on the far side of the moon at 10:26 a. m. on January 3, 2019. It is the first time that a spacecraft has made it. The far side is the part of the moon that always faces away from the Earth.
After it landed on the ground, the spacecraft took the first photo of the “dark side” of the moon, and sent it back to the Earth through the Queqiao relay satellite（中继卫星）. The scientists launched the satellite into space in May, 20l8.
“What we know about the far side of the moon is from orbiters（轨道飞行器）, from Russia, the US, European countries, China and India,” Andrew Coates, a professor of Physics at University College London, told a reporter.
China sent Chang’e-4 into space from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in December, 2018. Sending a spacecraft to the far side of the moon isn’t easy, because the far side is covered in craters（环形山）. Some of its mountains are higher than Qomolangma, the highest mountain on the Earth.
What’s more, we can’t see the far side because it takes the moon about 28 days to move around the Earth with the same side always facing our planet. Direct communication with the Earth is impossible on the far side of the moon, so communications must go through a communication satellite. That was why scientists launched the Quegiao relay satellite.
42．What does the underlined word “launched” mean in Chinese?
A．研发 B．改造 C．发射 D．追踪
43．Why did scientists launch the Queqiao relay satellite?
A．To help Chang’e-4 move around the moon.
B．To get information of other relay satellites.
C．To send pictures of space to scientists on the Earth.
D．To provide a way of communication with the Earth.
44．What do the last two paragraphs mainly tell us?
A．Why sending a spacecraft to the far side of the moon is difficult.
B．How China sent Chang’e-4 into space from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center.
C．The differences between the mountains on the Earth and the mountains on the moon.
D．How the moon travels around the Earth with the same side always facing our planet.
45．What CANNOT we know from the passage?
A．When Chang’e-4 landed on the far side of the moon.
B．How scientists sent the satellite into space.
C．What Chang’e-4 did after landing on the far side of the moon.
D．What people knew about the far side of the moon.
46．Where does the passage probably come from?
A．A notice. B．A newspaper. C．A letter. D．A diary.
Wild beavers (河狸) are back! Experts say that the wild beaver families are doing well. The beavers are even boosting wildlife and the environment!
Over ten years ago, a family of beavers turned up in a part of the river Otter, in Devon. No one knew exactly where they came from. It was a big surprise, wild beavers hadn't lived in England for around 400 years!
In 2015, the government allowed the beavers to stay there as part of a trial (试验). They wanted to see if these animals could be reintroduced to the wild. The trial ends in February. Some scientists from the University of Exeter already say the beavers help the wildlife in the area. One scientist called it "an amazing story".
A lot of this is because of dams. Beavers build dams along the river. This creates deep pools in the riverbed and slows the water down. Scientists say this is perfect for many different types of plants and animals! Many plants are growing near the beavers. Different types of animals are also becoming more and more in the river. Beavers also help make flooding less, scientists say. The beavers' dams slow down the speed of the river, especially after heavy rain.
There are, however, some problems. Beavers gnaw (咬,啃)on trees and this can harm them. Their dams can also sometimes create floods (洪水) on people's land.
Beavers aren't the only animals that are being reintroduced to the wild! In 2019, red squirrels were brought back to an area of the Scottish Highlands. Further away, the world's rarest (罕见的) duck, the Madagascar pochard, is making a comeback. It was set free into the wild on the African island in 2019 and is doing well.
Who knows what other animals might be making a comeback?
47．Which of the following best explains "boosting" in paragraph 1?
A．building B．spreading C．helping D．creating
48．Why did the government want a trial first? Because they wanted to ________.
A．grow more plants along the river
B．build dams for the beavers in the wild
C．introduce the beavers to the wild
D．see if the beavers could be reintroduced to the wild
49．What are the good things about wild beavers living on the river Otter?
A．They help plants grow and make flooding less. B．They bring heavy rain and floods.
C．They gnaw on trees and harm them. D．Their dams create floods on people's land.
50．How many kinds of animals are mentioned in the news story which have been reintroduced to the wild?
A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.
51．How do you think animal lovers feel about the news?
A．Embarrassed. B．Pleased. C．Tired. D．Disappointed.
Four Major Plateaus(四大高原) in China
Qinghai－Tibet Plateau is the largest plateau in China and the highest in the world, covering about 2.5 million square kilometers. Its elevation(高度) is between 4,000 and 5,000 meters.
The second largest plateau in China, Inner Mongolian Plateau, is between 1,000 and 1,400 meters above sea level in north China.
The Loess Plateau is on the west of Taihang Mountains and on the east of Qilian Mountains. It covers 400,000 square kilometers and is between 1,500 to 2,000 meters above sea level.
Covering Guizhou Province and east Yunnan Province, Yunnan－Guizhou Plateau is between 1,000 to 2,000 meters above sea level. It is the smallest of the four. The famous Huangguoshu Waterfall is on the plateau.
52．Which one is in the north of China?A．Qinghai－Tibet Plateau. B．The Loess Plateau.
C．Yunnan－Guizhou Plateau. D．Inner Mongolian Plateau.
53．Which one is the highest plateau in the world?
A．Qinghai－Tibet Plateau. B．The Loess Plateau.
C．Yunnan－Guizhou Plateau. D．Inner Mongolian Plateau.
54．What's the Chinese meaning of the underlined word “Loess”?
A．石头 B．黄土 C．沙尘 D．岩溶
55．Which one is the smallest of the four?
A．Qinghai－Tibet Plateau. B．The Loess Plateau.
C．Yunnan－Guizhou Plateau. D．Inner Mongolian Plateau.
56．Where is the Loess Plateau?
A．On the east of Taihang Mountains.
B．On the south of Qingling Mountains.
C．Between Taihang Mountains and Qilian Mountains.
D．Between Taihang Mountains and Qinling Mountains.
1．A
【详解】
句意：小心点！冰不够厚。你最好不要在上面滑冰。
考查形容词辨析。thick厚的；thin薄的，瘦的；white白色的；big大的。根据题干中的“Be careful!”以及“You’d better not skate on it.”可知，此处指冰不够厚，所以要小心。故选A。
2．B
【详解】
句意：汤姆没坐到椅子上，摔倒了。
考查动词辨析。came来；fell跌倒；got得到；walked行走。根据“Tom missed the chair”可知，他摔倒了；fall over表示“摔倒，跌倒”。故选B。
3．A
【详解】
句意：他的工作包括照顾这个房间里所有的婴儿。
考查动词辨析。includes包含，包括；shines闪耀，发光；cheats欺骗，作弊；competes竞争。根据分析“job”及“looking after all the babies”可知，两者是包含关系。故选A。
4．C
【详解】
句意：——我们做完作业后去公园吧。——听起来不错。这是我们呼吸新鲜空气的好地方。
考查动词短语。take up开始从事；take after（在外表、举止、性格方面）像；take in吸收；take out取出。通过句意和“It’s a good place for us to … fresh air”可知，这里指“呼吸”新鲜空气，“take in”符合语境。故选C。
5．B
【详解】
句意：他戴着一副太阳镜以保护眼睛免受强烈阳光的照射。
考查动词辨析。practice练习；protect保护；promise承诺；print打印。根据“He’s wearing a pair of sunglasses to …his eyes from the strong sunlight”可知，戴太阳镜是为了保护眼睛免受强烈阳光的照射，故选B。
6．A
【详解】
句意：——这条河有多长？——据我所知，它大约有1000公里长。
考查as far as用法。As far as远至，据……；As long as和……一样长，只要；As many as和……一样多，修饰可数名词；As much as和……一样多，修饰不可数名词。固定短语as far as I know“据我所知”，故选A。
7．A
【详解】
句意：长城大约有21,000公里长。它是世界上最长的墙。
考查形容词辨析。long长的；wide宽的；deep深的；high高的。根据“It’s the longest wall in the world.”可知此处讲长城的长度，用long。故选A。
8．C
【详解】
句意：——天水有多少人口？——大约340万。
考查特殊疑问词。how many多少，对可数名词的数量提问；how much多少，对不可数名词数量或价格提问；what什么，在没有范围情况下，对事物提问；which 哪一个，在有范围情况下，对事物提问；根据答语“It’s about 3.4 million.”可知，此处是在询问 人口数量；询问某地有多少人口，用句型： What is the population of...? 故选C。
9．D
【详解】
句意：——亲爱的朋友们，你们还记得三年前为什么来这里吗？——为了实现我们的梦想！
考查动词辨析。copy抄写；save挽救；imagine想象；achieve实现，根据空后的“our dreams”可知，应该是实现梦想，故选D。
10．B
【详解】
句意：——你能告诉我你的参观计划是否包括参观颐和园吗？——当然。下周我们将参观它。
考查动词词义辨析。decides决定；includes包含；achieves取得；reminds使想起；通过“plan”和“visiting the Summer Palace”可知，此处要表达“参观计划包含……”，includes“包含”，动词的三单形式，其后可跟动名词或名词表示“包含……”。故选B。
11．A
【详解】
句意：——尼罗河在哪里?——它贯穿非洲北部。
考查动词短语。runs along延申，贯穿；runs after追赶；runs up上升；runs over造访。根据“the northern part of Africa”可知讲述的是尼罗河贯穿非洲北部地区，用短语“runs along”。故选A。
12．A
【详解】
句意：小象的体重约为100公斤，而成年象的体重约为5000公斤。
考查名词及动词的用法。weight重量；是名词；weigh称重，是动词。第一空前是名词所有格，后加名词；第二空前may是情态动词，后加动词原形，此处缺少谓语动词，weigh“称重”，是动词，故选A。
13．D
【详解】
句意：在我们班，没有人说英语能比吉姆说得更好。他是最好的。
考查形容词比较级。根据“In our class, no one can speak English...Jim”可知是两者进行比较，要用比较级，再由“He is the best.”可知，没有人比他更好，故选D。
14．C
【详解】
句意：我的宠物狗想要两条腿站立。
考查介词辨析。in在……里；by通过；on在……上面；of属于……的。固定短语stand on one’s two legs“两条腿站立”，故选C。
15．A
【详解】
句意：这条狗出生时只有2公斤，但现在已经30公斤了。
考查介词短语。at birth出生；at least至少；at last最后；at once立刻。根据“but now it is 30 kilos.”可知是狗出生时候只有2公斤。故选A。
16．A
【详解】
句意：——我们的社区太脏了，我们今天下午或明天能打扫下吗？——由你决定。什么时候都可以。
考查交际用语。It is up to you由你决定；Excuse me对不起；Have a good time玩的开心；I’m afraid I can’t我担心我不能。根据回答“Any time is OK.”可以推断，是同意对方的请求，选项中只有“It is up to you”符合语境。故选A。
17．A
【详解】
句意：他把剩余的食物给了工人，因此他没有吃的了。
考查形容词辨析。remaining剩余的；freezing冰冻的；fresh新鲜的；simple简单的。根据“...so he had nothing to eat.”可知他把自己的吃的给了工人，自己没吃的了，A选项符合句意。故选A。
18．A
【详解】
句意：那男孩在玩手机时撞上了一辆车。
考查动词短语。walked into走路时撞着；got into进入；fixed up修理；set up建立。根据“The boy...a car while he was playing with his mobile phone”可知是走路玩手机撞上了车。故选A。
19．A
【详解】
句意：熊猫濒临灭绝。我们应该尽力保护他们。
考查形容词辨析。endangered濒危的；useful有用的；serious认真的；careless粗心的。根据“We should try our best to protect them.”可知熊猫是濒危的，故选A。
20．A
【详解】
句意：许多野生动物正处于危险之中，所以我们应该尽我们所能保护它们。
考查介词短语。in danger处于危险之中；in peace处于和平之中；in need需要；in time及时。根据“so it’s time for us to do whatever we can to protect them”可知动物处于危险，所以应该保护。故选A。
21．B
【详解】
句意：在周末，史密斯一家通常开车去乡下呼吸新鲜空气。
考查动词短语辨析。come in进来；take in吸收；take off起飞；wake up醒来。根据“the fresh air there”可知，此处指“呼吸新鲜空气”，应用take in。故选B。
22．B
【详解】
句意：我喜欢玩电脑游戏，但我不能花太多的时间。
考查动词辨析。take花费，常见搭配是“It takes sb. to do sth.”；spend花费，常见搭配是“sb. spend sth. doing sth.”。根据固定搭配“sb. spend sth. doing sth.”可知，“spend；doing”符合句意。故选B。
23．B
【详解】
句意：——这树多高？——大约5米高。
考查数词。meter米；tall高的，foot英尺，复数是feet，超过“一”时，要用复数形式，排除A和C，当有连字符时，名词不能用复数，排除D，故选B。
24．A
【详解】
句意：——迈克，你知道里海有多深吗？——对不起，我不知道。也许我们可以在网上搜索答案。
考查情景交际。Sorry, I don’t know“对不起，我不知道”；That’s really amazing“这真太神奇了”；I think it’s a little bit silly“我认为这有点蠢”；I can’t agree with you“我不同意你的看法”。根据“Maybe we can search online to find the answer.”可知，答者不知道里海有多深，应用Sorry, I don’t know。故选A。
25．C
【详解】
句意：——长城大约有21,200公里。——哇!太神奇了。
考查情景交际。It's OK很好；Good idea好主意；That's amazing太神奇了；You are welcome不客气。根据上文The Great Wall runs about 21, 200 kilometres. 以及前面的Wow!可知此处应该是感到惊叹，所以C选项符合语境，故答案选C。
26．C
27．B
28．A
29．D
30．B
31．B
32．A
33．C
34．B
35．D
【解析】
本文主要介绍了BBC的纪录片《行星地球》带我们踏上了从雨林到大海的奇妙旅程，它颂扬了我们星球的美丽。去年，另一个节目《我们的星球》号召我们拯救地球。只要我们共同努力，拯救我们的星球就永远不会太迟。
26．
句意：14年前，BBC的纪录片《行星地球》带我们踏上了从雨林到大海的奇妙旅程。
building“建筑物”；mountain“山”；journey“旅行，旅程”；city“城市”。空格后提及从雨林到大海，由此可知此处为journey“旅行”。故选C。
27．
句意：它颂扬了我们星球的美丽。
with“和……一起”；of“……的”；from“来自”；for“为了”。“the beauty of...”意为“……的美丽”。故选B。
28．
句意：去年，一个叫做《我们的星球》的节目做的比那更多。
more“更多”；few“很少，几乎没有”；much“许多”；less“更少”。根据句中“than”可知，此处用比较级；又根据下文“We were really surprised at the diversity (多样性) of life on the earth.”可知，地球生命的多样性，由此可知上文表示一场名为《我们的星球》的演出比《行星地球》精彩得多。故选A。
29．
句意：它号召我们在为时未晚之前拯救地球。
move“移动”；hide“隐藏”；copy“抄袭”；save“拯救”。根据句中“called on us”，“before it was too late”可知，此处表示它号召我们“拯救”地球。save意为“拯救”。故选D。
30．
句意：它覆盖了50个国家。
flies“飞”；covers“覆盖”；offers“提供”；reminds“提醒”。此处表示这个节目覆盖50个国家，cover意为“覆盖”。故选B。
31．
句意：600多人耗时四年多的时间从事该工作。
arguing“争吵”；working“工作”；returning“返回”；depending“取决于”。work on意为“从事”。故选B。
32．
句意：它们中的每一集都是以从月球上拍摄的地球照片开始的。
Each“每一个”；None“没有一个”；Some“一些”；Both“两者都”。根据下文的谓语动词“begins”是第三人称单数，主语应用Each，强调每一个。故选A。
33．
句意：它展示了一些我们应该认真对待的问题。
heavily“沉重地”；easily“容易地”；seriously“认真地”；completely“完全地”。take... seriously意为“认真对待……”。故选C。
34．
句意：它也展示了在科学家们的帮助下，很多濒危动物的数量正在增长。
talented“有天赋的”；endangered“濒危的”；brave“勇敢的”；strange“陌生的”。根据下文“with the help of the scientists”可知，在科学家们的帮助下许多“濒危”动物的数量正在增加。故选B。
35．
句意：所有这些都提醒我们，只要我们共同合作，拯救我们的星球永远不会太迟。
because of“由于”；as soon as“一……就……”；even though“即使”；as long as“只要”。根据“we work together”与“it will never be too late to save our planet.”是条件关系，所以用as long as“只要”引导条件状语从句。故选D。
36．awake
【详解】
句意：为了按时完成工作，格林先生喝了一些咖啡来让自己保持清醒。“wake”是动词，表示“醒”。根据“keep himself”可知用形容词“awake”作宾补，表达“让自己保持清醒”。故填awake。
37．excitement
【详解】
句意：当这个小男孩看到他的母亲，他兴奋地跑过去。“with”是介词，后面接名词。“excite”的名词是excitement，表示“兴奋”。故填excitement。
38．illness
【详解】
句意：约翰今天因病没来上学。根据“because of”可知，后要接名词；ill“生病的”，形容词，其名词为illness，表示“疾病”。故填illness。
39． What is
【详解】
句意：珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山。画线部分是一个名词，对其提问用特殊疑问词what，后面紧跟be动词is。故填What；is。
40． How long
【详解】
句意：古长城大约有8850公里长。画线部分“about 8,850 kilometers long”指的是古长城的长度，用“how long”提问，意为“多长”，句子开头首字母大写。故填How；long。
41． taller than
【详解】
句意：吉姆是他班上最高的男孩。根据题意是变成同义句，即：最高级和比较级的转换，最高的男孩也就是比其他男孩都高，A+be+形容词比较级+than+B，表示“A比B……”，tall“高的”，是形容词，比较级用taller，故填taller；than。
42．C
43．D
44．A
45．B
46．B
【解析】
本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讲了为了探索月球，中国发射的嫦娥四号月球探测器首次在月球背面着陆，并拍摄了月球“黑暗面”的第一张照片。
42．
词义猜测题。根据“The scientists launched the satellite into space in May, 20l8.”可知，科学家们于2018年5月将这颗卫星送入太空，因此“launched”意为“发射”。故选C。
43．
细节理解题。根据“ Direct communication with the Earth is impossible on the far side of the moon, so communications must go through a communication satellite. That was why scientists launched the Quegiao relay satellite.”可知，在月球的远端，与地球的直接通信是不可能的，因此通信必须通过通信卫星。这就是为什么科学家发射了中继卫星。故选D。
44．
主旨大意题。通读这两段可知，主要讲了为什么把宇宙飞船送到月球的远端是困难的。故选A。
45．
细节理解题。根据“A Chinese spacecraft called Chang’e-4 made the first soft landing on the far side of the moon at 10:26 a. m. on January 3, 2019.”；“After it landed on the ground...relay satellite.”以及“Sending a spacecraft to the far side of the moon isn’t easy, because the far side is covered in craters（环形山）. Some of its mountains are higher than Qomolangma, the highest mountain on the Earth.”可知，能够知道嫦娥四号到达月球远端的时间、到达之后做了什么以及从地球的远端，人们可以了解到什么，而文章没有提到科学家们是如何将中继卫星发送到太空的。故选B。
46．
推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲了为了探索月球，中国发射的嫦娥四号月球探测器首次在月球背面着陆，并拍摄了月球“黑暗面”的第一张照片，因此文章可能来源自报纸。故选B。
47．C
48．D
49．A
50．C
51．B
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几种重新引入到野外的野生动物，以野生河狸为例说明了重新被引入到野外的野生动物状况良好，并介绍了其对环境发展的促进作用和不良影响。
47．词句猜测题。building建造；spreading传播；helping帮助；creating创造。根据第三段“the beavers help the wildlife in the area”可知，野生河狸帮助了该地区的野生动物，故野生河狸可以促进野生动物和环境的发展，故划线部分boosting意为“促进、提高”，可以用help“帮助”解释，即野生河狸帮助了野生动物和环境的发展。故选C。
48．细节理解题。根据第三段“They wanted to see if these animals could be reintroduced to the wild”可知，政府想要先做一个试验的目的是看这些野生河狸能否被重新引入野外。故选D。
49．细节理解题。根据第四段“Many plants are growing near the beavers…Beavers also help make flooding less”可知，野生河狸能够帮助植物生长，并减少洪水的发生，这是野生河狸带来的好处，其余的诸如引发洪水和啃咬树木，这些都是坏处。故选A。
50．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Beavers aren't the only animals…red squirrels were brought back…the world's rarest duck, the Madagascar pochard, is making a comeback”可知，文中一共提到了三种被重新引入到野外的动物，分别是河狸、红松鼠和马达加斯加麻鸭。故选C。
51．推理判断题。根据第二段“It was a big surprise”及全文内容可知，对于动物爱好者来说，野生动物重新被引入到野外的消息无疑是让他们非常高兴的。故选B。
52．D
53．A
54．B
55．C
56．C
【解析】
本文介绍了中国的四大高原——青藏高原、内蒙古高原、黄土高原和云贵高原。由于它们的高度、位置、成因和受外力侵蚀作用不同，这四大高原的外貌特征各异。
52．细节理解题。由句子The second largest plateau in China, Inner Mongolian Plateau, is between 1，000 and 1，400 meters above sea level in north China. 中国第二大高原，内蒙古高原，位于中国北方海拔1000-1400米之间。可知，内蒙古高原在中国的北方。故选D。
53．细节理解题。根据句子Qinghai－Tibet Plateau is the largest plateau in China and the highest in the world, covering about 2.5 million square kilometers.可知，青藏高原是中国最大、世界最高的高原。故选A。
54．词意猜测题。句子The Loess Plateau is on the west of Taihang Mountains and on the east of Qilian Mountains.的意思是：黄土高原位于太行山以西、祁连山以东。可知， Loess是“黄土”的意思。故选B。
55．细节理解题。由句子It is the smallest of the four.可知，云贵高原是四个中最小的一个。故选C。
56．细节理解题。由句子The Loess Plateau is on the west of Taihang Mountains and on the east of Qilian Mountains. 黄土高原位于太行山以西、祁连山以东。可知，黄土高原在太行山和祁连山之间。故选C。
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