高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 3 Family matters导学案

这是一份高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 3 Family matters导学案，共11页。学案主要包含了语法图解，语法突破等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Grammar——复习时态
一、语法图解
二、语法突破
1．一般现在时
(1)表示现在发生的动作或存在的状态。
He des his hmewrk befre dinner every evening.
他每天晚上晚饭前做作业。
(2)表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与ften, usually, smetimes, always等连用。
They always care fr each ther and help each ther.
他们总是互相关心、互相帮助。
(3)表示客观真理或客观存在的事实。
Time and tide wait fr n man.
岁月不等人。
(4)表示计划、安排好的将来的动作。常用于表示位置转移的动词，如：g, cme, arrive, leave, start, begin等。
The train fr Hanku leaves at 8：00 in the mrning.
开往汉口的列车于早上8点发车。
(5)在时间或条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时。
Please ring me up as sn as yu arrive in Germany.
请你一到德国就给我打电话。
I'll write t her when I have time.
有时间我会写信给她。
2．现在完成时
(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。可以表示最近完成的动作，也可以表示经历或经验。常与just, recently, s far, up t nw，till nw, ever, never等连用。
I have just cleaned my clthes.
我刚洗过衣服。
(2)表示过去已经开始，持续到现在(可能还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态，常和表示一段时间的状语连用，如：fr, since, these days, this year, nw等。
She has taught in the schl fr ten years.
她在这所学校教书已经10年了。
I haven't eaten anything since breakfast.
我从早饭起就一直没有吃东西。
[名师点津] 表示短暂意义的动词(动作不能持续)，如arrive, begin, brrw, buy, cme, die, jin, leave等，其现在完成时的肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，需要时要用相应的表示延续状态的动词替换。
(3)在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可表示将来完成时。
I shall pst the letter as sn as I have written it.
我一写完信就会寄出的。
As lng as yu have cleaned all the windws，yu are allwed t play.
只要你把所有的窗户擦完，你就可以玩了。
(4)经常用于以下句型：
①It is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句
It is/has been abut 5 days since she left here.
自从她离开这里大约有5天了。
It is/has been 3 years since he lived here.
他不在这里生活已经有3年了。
②This (It) is the first (secnd ...) time that＋现在完成时
This is the first time that I have been here.
这是我第一次来这里。
3．现在进行时
(1)表示说话时正在发生的动作，常和nw, right nw, at this mment等时间状语及动词lk, listen等连用，这是现在进行时的“暂时性”特征。
We are waiting fr yu nw.
我们正等着你呢。
(2)表示目前一段时间内一直在发生的动作，但是说话时不一定在发生，常和these days, this week, at present等时间状语连用，这是现在进行时的“阶段性”特征。
She is learning t swim recently.
她最近正在学游泳。
We are having a wnderful time.
我们(这几天)玩得很开心。
(3)现在进行时表示将来。g，cme, start, leave, arrive, return等表示位置移动的动词可以用现在进行时表示将来。
I am leaving fr Beijing next week.
我下周要去北京。
(4)现在进行时可与always，frever，cntinually，cnstantly等副词连用，表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作，含有抱怨、赞叹、厌倦等感情色彩。
He is always asking the same questin.
他总是问同一个问题。
[即时演练1] 单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)It means (mean) we have the chance t btain infrmatin abut hw the mn is cnstructed.
②(2020·天津高考)The number f medical schls reached 18 in the early 1990s and has remained (remain) arund that level ever since.
③(2020·江苏高考)If yu lk at all sides f the situatin, yu'll find prbably a slutin that suits (suit) everyne.
④Lk! The mnkey is climbing (climb) the banana tree.
⑤Hurry up! The train is leaving (leave)．We must get n as sn as pssible.
⑥I dn't knw whether my sister will cme.If she cmes (cme), I will let yu knw.
4．一般过去时
(1)主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
I saw him in the street yesterday.
昨天我在街上看见他了。
(2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和ften, always等频率副词连用。
When I was a teenager, I played table tennis almst every day.
十几岁时，我几乎每天都打乒乓球。
(3)在以下句型中，常用一般过去时表示虚拟语气。
It is (high/abut) time (that) yu went t bed.
你该睡觉了。
I wuld rather they came tmrrw.
我宁愿他们明天来。
[名师点津] 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
(1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在造成的影响，强调的是影响。
(2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语有yesterday，last week, ，in 1980，just nw等具体的时间状语；现在完成时的时间状语有fr，since，s far，ever，never，just，yet，till/until，up t nw，in the past years等不确定的时间状语。
5．过去完成时
(1)表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。
The train had left befre I arrived at the statin.
我到车站之前火车就开走了。
(2)表示愿望、打算的词(如hpe, think, want, plan, expect)用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法、打算、希望或意图。
(2019·天津高考)I had hped t send Peter a gift t cngratulate him n his marriage，but I culdn't manage it.
我本希望送彼得一件礼物祝贺他结婚，可是我没有做到。
(3)“时间名词＋befre”在句中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词＋ag”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去时。
He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years befre.
他说他的启蒙老师至少10年前就过世了。
Xia Hua left schl three years ag.
肖华于三年前毕业。
(4)可用于以下句型中：
①在hardly/scarcely ...，n sner ...句型中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一……就……”。当hardly, scarcely, n sner置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。
She had hardly/scarcely gne t bed when the cellphne rang.
＝Hardly/Scarcely had she gne t bed when the cellphne rang.
她刚刚睡下手机就响了。
②This (That/It) was the first (secnd ...) time that ...＋过去完成时。
This was the first time that Tm had climbed the Munt Tai.
这是汤姆第一次爬泰山。
[名师点津] 在befre和after引导的时间状语从句中，若表示两个过去的动作相继发生，两个动作都用一般过去时，前一个动作不必用过去完成时。
After he left the rm, the bss came in.
他离开房间后老板进来了。
6．过去进行时
过去进行时表示过去某个时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
He was reading an interesting bk this time yesterday.
昨天的这个时候他正在读一本有趣的书。
[即时演练2] 单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The unmanned Chang'e­4 prbe (探测器)— the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese mn gddess — tuched (tuch) dwn last week in the Suth Ple­Aitken basin.
②(2020·浙江高考)As mre children were brn, mre fd was needed (need)．
③(2020·浙江高考)By abut 6000 BC, peple had discvered (discver) the best crps t grw and animals t raise.
④(2020·江苏高考)Instead f getting dwn t a new task as I had expected(expect), he examined the previus wrk again.
⑤We were talking (talk) abut yur bk this mrning.The bk is excellent.
7．一般将来时
(1)表示将来的动作或状态，常用“will/shall＋动词原形”，与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tmrrw, next week等。
We will have a meeting tmrrw.
我们明天要开会。
(2)be abut t d表示“即将，正要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。
Autumn harvest is abut t start.
秋收即将开始。
8．过去将来时
过去将来时表示过去某个时候看来即将发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句中，主句常用一般过去时。
He always said that he wuld study hard at that time.
他那时总是说他会努力学习的。
[即时演练3] 单句语法填空
①(2020·江苏高考)Technlgical innvatins，cmbined with gd marketing, will prmte (prmte) the sales f these prducts.
②We will g (g) ut fr a picnic this weekend.Wuld yu like t attend it?
③He prmised that he wuld cme (cme), but he hasn't arrived until nw.
④(2020·浙江高考)The curtains are abut t pen (pen), and in a few minutes the actin and dialgue will tell yu the stry.
1．respnsible adj.(对事故、错误、罪行等)负有责任的，应承担责任的
(教材P29) Wh's respnsible?
谁负责呢？
(1)respnsibility n. 责任；义务
have (the/a) respnsibility t d ... 有责任/有义务做……
bear/take the respnsibility fr 对……负责
a sense f respnsibility 责任感
(2)be respnsible fr＝be t blame fr 对……负责
(经典佳句)The minister was respnsible fr the disaster and resigned.
部长对这场灾难负责并引咎辞职。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①He is free frm any sense f respnsibility(respnsible)．
②As fr me, I am s cnfident that I think I can have the respnsibility t be (be) a vlunteer fr this event.
[写美] 一句多译
没有人想对这个问题负责。
③N ne wants t be respnsible fr the prblem.(respnsible)
④N ne wants t take/bear the respnsibility fr the prblem.(respnsibility)
⑤N ne wants t be t blame fr the prblem.(blame v．)
2．aim v．力求达到；力争做到；目的是；旨在；瞄准；对准 n．目的；目标；瞄准
(教材P31) It aims t deepen peple's understanding f issues that are related t families.
它的目的是加深人们对与家庭有关的问题的认识。
(1)aim at ding sth./t d sth. 企图/力求做某事
be aimed at (ding) sth. 旨在/目的在于
(2)achieve ne's aim 达到某人的目的
with the aim f 为了……，目的是……
withut aim 无目的地
(3)aimless adj. 无目的的
(4)aimlessly adv. 无目的地
(经典佳句)These measures are aimed at preventing vilent crime.
这些措施旨在防止暴力犯罪。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Then a discussin will be held, aiming (aim) t imprve mutual understanding.
②She said that her life seemed aimless (aim) after her children left hme.
补全句子
③印发该传单的目的是提高公众对这种疾病的认识。
The leaflet has been prduced with the aim f increasing public awareness f the disease.
[写美] 一句多译
这一措施的目的是减少交通事故。
④The aim f this measure is t reduce rad accidents.(aim n．)
⑤This measure aims at reducing rad accidents.(aim v．)
⑥This measure aims t reduce rad accidents.(aim v．)
3．bserve v．庆祝，过(节日、生日等)；观察，观测；看到，注意到；遵守(规则、法律等)
(教材P31) With a different theme each year, the day is bserved with a wide range f events ...
每年有一个不同的主题，这天用许多活动来庆祝……
(1)bserve sb.d sth. 观察到某人做了某事
bserve sb.ding sth. 观察到某人正在做某事
bserve sb./sth.dne 观察到某人/某物被……
bserve＋that从句 发现……
(2)bservatin n. 观察
(3)bserver n. 观察员
(经典佳句)The patients were bserved ver a perid f several mnths.
这些病人被观察了数月之久。
[练透] 一词多义
①Thugh having lived abrad fr years, many Chinese still bserve the traditinal custms.
遵守
②The villagers bserve the autumn harvest and lk frward t the better crps next year.
庆祝
③Jack bserved a lk f anxiety n his brther's face. 观察到
单句语法填空
④In hspital she'll be under bservatin (bserve) all the time.
[写美] 句型转换
⑤The plice bserved the man enter the bank.
→The man was bserved t enter the bank by the plice.(改为被动句)
⑥She bserved a man walking n the ppsite f the way.
→She bserved that a man was walking n the ppsite f the way.(改为宾语从句)
[巧学助记] When we attend the parade t bserve the Natinal Day, we must bserve the traffic regulatins.If we bserve smene run a red light, we shuld stp him.
当我们参加游行庆祝国庆节的时候，我们必须遵守交通规则。如果我们看到有人闯红灯，我们就要阻止他。
4．range n．一系列；种类；范围
(1)a wide range f 广泛的
beynd/ut f ne's range 超出某人的能力范围
within the range f 在……范围之内
(2)range v. (在一定范围内)变动，变化；排列；包括(从……
到……)之间的各类事物
rangeeq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(frm ... 从……到……之间变动,between ... 在……和……之间变化))
(经典佳句)In any given ffice, emplyees can range frm age 22 t 70 and beynd.
在任何一间办公室里，员工的年龄从22岁到70岁甚至更大。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①The rm rates at this mtel range frm $30 t $50 per day.
②There are a number f cmpanies that create rbts t teach subjects t children, ranging (range) frm bilgy t cmputer science.
[写美] 补全句子
③这种工作我做不了。
This type f wrk is beynd/ut f my range.
④在这个问题上，存在着很多不同的意见。
There is a wide range f pinins n this issue.
5．aplgise v．道歉
(教材P31) Act ut the cnversatin t aplgise t a family member.
表演对话，向家人道歉。
(1)aplgise t sb.fr (ding) sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉
(2)aplgy n. 道歉；辩白
make/ffer an aplgy t sb.fr (ding) sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉
accept/refuse ne's aplgy 接受/拒绝某人的道歉
(经典佳句)(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)After a while, she aplgised fr the way she behaved at the beginning.
过了一会儿，她为自己一开始的行为道歉。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Yu must aplgise t her fr having kept (keep) her waiting.
②I ffered her an aplgy (aplgise), but she wuldn't accept it.
[写美] 一句多译
你应该为你的粗心向她道歉。
③Yu shuld make an aplgy t her fr yur carelessness.(aplgy)
④Yu shuld aplgise t her fr yur carelessness.(aplgise)
6．stress n．重音，重读；压力；重要性；v.强调；重读
(教材P31) Placing stress n particular wrds can have a big impact n the meaning and strength f aplgies.
重读特定的词语会对道歉的意义和力度产生很大的影响。
(1)stress the imprtance f 强调……的重要性
(2)under stress 在压力下
lay/put great/much stress n 重视
(3)stressful adj. 紧张的，有压力的
(经典佳句)In “strategic” the stress falls n the secnd syllable.
strategic一词的重音在第二个音节。
[练透] 一词多义
①Stress is a majr prblem f mdern life.压力
②He is careful t stress the labratry's safety standards are the best in the cuntry.强调
③In the wrd “engine” yu shuld stress the first syllable.重读
单句语法填空
④Sme peple have t lead stressful (stress) lifestyles ut f necessity.
⑤Things can easily g wrng when peple are under stress.
[写美] 一句多译
他强调了接受良好教育的重要性。
⑥He laid/put great/much stress n receiving a gd educatin.(stress n．)
⑦He stressed the imprtance f receiving a gd educatin.(stress v．)
维度一 基础题型练
单句语法填空
1．They aimed t make (make) the cuntry safe frm terrrist attacks.
2．Plice wrk is physically demanding and stressful (stress)．
3．She cmplained t the cmpany and they sent her a written aplgy (aplgise)．
4．The anti­smking campaign had quite an impact n yung peple.
5．I lve cming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made (make) ver the years.
6．On the last day f ur week­lng stay，we were invited (invite) t attend a private cncert.
7．As yu g thrugh this bk，yu will find (find) that each f the millins f peple wh lived thrugh Wrld War Ⅱ had a different experience.
8．If my brther cmes (cme) back frm Beijing tmrrw, I will ask him t call yu back.
9．—I hear yu are wrking (wrk) in a pub.What's it like?
—Well, it's very hard wrk and I'm always tired，but I dn't mind.
10．I wuld rather yu went (g) shpping tmrrw.
维度二 语法与写作
补全句子
1．他总是想着怎样才能为人们多做些事情。
He is always thinking f hw he culd d mre fr the peple.
2．除非我亲眼看到，否则我不会相信你的。
I will nt believe yu unless I have seen it with my wn eyes.
3．我小时候，妈妈很少听到我在公共场合唱歌。
My mther seldm heard me singing in public when I was yung.
4．我已经多次劝说我父亲戒烟。
I have persuaded my father t give up smking fr many times.
5．2022年冬奥会将在北京和张家口举行。
The 2022 Winter Olympic Games will take place in Beijing and Zhangjiaku.
6．到昨天为止，我们已经收到了来自世界各地的1,000多封信。
By the end f yesterday, we had received ver 1,000 letters frm all ver the wrld.
维度三 以语段形式练习语法
用正确的时态填空
Xia Ming is very excited tday, because his parents 1.will be (be) back frm America.This is the first time that he 2.has been (be) away frm his family fr such a lng time.They 3.phned (phne) him yesterday and said, “We 4.are leaving (leave) fr the airprt at fur 'clck, because the plane 5.takes (take) ff at six.Are yu 6.cming (cme) t the airprt t meet us？” “Of curse，” he said.Just nw he as well as his grandpa 7.was (be) ging t meet his parents at the airprt.They were abut 8.t lck (lck) the dr when the phne 9.rang (ring)．It was Xia Ming's parents.“We 10.will arrive (arrive) hme in half an hur.” What a great surprise!