北师大版选择性必修第一册Unit3CONSERVTION单元复习学案
展开Unit 3 CONSERVTION
核 心 单 词 | 1.threat n． 威胁； (灾难等坏事)发生的可能 2．switch vi.& vt. 转换，改变 3．species n. 物种，种 4．wipe vt. 擦；拭 5．decrease vi.& vt. 减少 n. 减少；减少的量 6．blame vt. 责怪，指责 7．wrap vt. 包，裹 8．relate vi. 相联系，有关联 9．essay n. 论说文；散文 10．organic adj. 不使用化肥的，有机的，绿色的 11．institute n. 机构；研究院 12．billion n. 十亿 13．opponent n. 反对者；对手，敌手 14．claim vt. 声称；断言；主张 n. 声称； (根据权力而提出的)要求 15．chemical n. 化学品adj. 化学的 16．carve vt. 雕，刻 | Ⅰ.根据语境和汉语提示写出正确单词 1．They contain a harmful chemical (化学物质) that caused my liver to fail. 2．It took them more than one billion (十亿) dollars to complete the project. 3．I tried to comfort him after he was defeated by his opponent (对手)． 4．It is a good essay (论说文) apart from a few slight faults. 5．Organic (有机的) produce is likely slightly healthier to eat. 6．Can you put me through to the president office of the institute (机构)? 7．They claim (声称) to be the party of law and order. |
拓 展 单 词 | 1.conservation n．保护→conserve v．保护 2．destroy vt.破坏；毁掉→destruction n．破坏；毁掉→destroyer n. 破坏者 3．illegally adv.非法地，违法地→legally adv.合法地→legal adj.合法的→illegal adj.非法的 4．hunt vi.& vt.猎取，猎杀→hunter n．猎人 5．extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的→extinction n．灭绝，绝种 6．incredibly adv.非常地，极端地→incredible adj.难以置信的；极好的 7．urgent adj.紧急的，急迫的→urgency n．急迫，紧急→urge v．敦促 8．unusual adj.异常的；不平常的→unusually adv.异常地；不平常地→usual adj.往常的 9．varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的→vary v．不同→various adj.多种多样的→variety n．种类 10．annoyed adj.烦恼的，生气的→annoy v．使烦恼；使生气→annoyance n．烦恼，生气 | Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1．Your efforts to conserve the environment have led to good conservation.(conserve) 2．We know from the daily legal report that the former president had something to do with the illegal organization and was put to prison.(legal) 3．As far as I know, many species have been extincted, but your foundation can help rescue those species that are at the edge of extinction.(extinct) 4．It is urgent that I should keep calm in face of urgency. (urge) 5．There are various goods in the supermarket, and the prices vary from cents to dollars. The variety attracts many customers.(vary)
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重 点 短 语 | 1.have a role 起某种作用 2．do one ’s part 尽自己的职责 3．die out 消失；绝迹，灭绝 4．wipe out 彻底毁灭 5．be to blame 把……归咎于 6．be at risk 处境危险，受到威胁 7．stressed out 焦虑的 8．set out 开始做某事，着手进行 9．be related to ... 与……有关联 10．for instance 例如 11．sum up 概括，总结 | Ⅲ.选用左栏短语的适当形式填空 1．I enjoyed, for instance, the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. 2．To sum up, it ’s worthwhile to rebuild the old bridge. 3．Bitterly disappointed, he and his companions set out on the return journey. 4．Hundreds of thousands of people are at risk. 5．He had discovered that this noble family had died out and was forgotten. |
经 典 句 式 | 1.宾语从句that的省略 ... we need to make everyone know hunting these animals is illegal and that (而且) these amazing animals are part of the world we live in. 2．倍数表达法 They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than (快1,000倍) normal. 3．without的双重否定 Without forests (没有森林), we would have no air to breathe (无法呼吸), and without clean water (没有干净的水) we would be unable to survive (不能活命)． 4．why (not) do sth表示建议 I mean, why wrap (为什么包装) a coconut in plastic? 5．独立结构 To be frank (坦率地说), I ’m addicted to my car. 6．形容词作状语 At the ball, Mathilde is the most elegant and graceful woman there, smiling and happy (笑得很开心)．
| Ⅳ.佳句仿写 1．Advertisements persuade us newer is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. 广告使我们相信产品越新越好，最新的产品会使我们更快乐。 2．This hospital is three times larger than that one. 这家医院比那家医院大三倍。 3．I ’d never have got through it all without you. 假如没有您，我是绝对渡不过这个难关的。 4．Why not go and ask your teacher? 为什么不去问你的老师？ 5．Judging from our economic performance in the first quarter of this year，the result is actually better than we expected. 从今年第一季度的经济表现来看，结果实际上比我们预期的要好。 6．Curious about Australian cities, he read the book written by Dr Johnson. 出于对澳大利亚城市的好奇，他读了约翰逊博士写的书。 |
[即时演练]
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．However, not everyone wishes for change, and destruction (destroy) leads to a new fight, a long way from home.
2．Don ’t miss your chance to get involved in this important conservation (conserve) effort.
3．The giant panda has become an endangered (endanger) species.
4．A few days later, Vesuvius was in violent eruption (erupt)．
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．Public awareness campaigns were carried out to raise the people ’s awareness of environmental protection.
为了增强人们对环境保护的意识，发起了公共认识运动。2.The book treats the problems of economic development.
该书探讨了一些有关经济发展的问题。
3．They try their best to decrease desertification.
他们尽最大的努力减少沙漠化。
4．Grass and trees are planted on the uppermiddle reaches of the Yangtze River to help improve the local environment.
在长江中上游地区植树种草，帮助改善当地的环境。
背景阅读
找到生活的意义，生活就会改变。
Every January for the past 20 years, I would take a few moments to ponder the answer to the big question, “What is the meaning of life？”
It ’s one of those enormous questions that are so important — philosophically and practically in terms of how we live our lives — and yet we never stop to really think about the answer. If you might be able to get your response in less than a minute, the wisdomtoeffort rate for this exercise could not be more advantageous. I tend to ponder such things as the creator of the Wisdom Project, a collection of writings about the wisdom in everyday life experiences.
The reason why I ask this question year after year is that my answer changes over time, which I find interesting and meaningful. There is no only correct answer, I believe — only answers that are right for you at any given time.
My favorite answer, though, is the Zenlike circular reasoning attributed to writer Robert Byrne, who put it, “The purpose of life is a life of purpose.”Some people have concluded that life ’s meaning is subjective. “There is not one big universal meaning for all，” author Anaïs Nin wrote in her diary. “There is only the meaning we each give to our life, an individual meaning, an individual plot, like an individual novel, a book for each person.”
Taking a few moments to record your response to the question “What is the meaning of life？” is the kind of simple exercise that effectively adds meaning to your life.And then I suggest answering it every year. Looking back at how your thinking has evolved and been influenced by experience tells you something more about yourself. Cumulatively, it gets you closer to a deeper selfunderstanding.
Whatever small step you take toward finding the meaning of life is a step toward a more meaningful and longer life.
1．What have the examples of Robert Byrne and Anaïs Nin proved?
A．Our life should be a life of purpose.
B．The answer of the two persons is the best one.
C．Everyone has his or her own answer at any given time.
D．Life ’s meaning is philosophically and practically important.
答案：C
2．What does the author suggest people doing about adding meaning to your life?
A．Trying asking others about what their opinions are.
B．Understanding yourself more by answering it every year.
C．Looking back at your life influences your meaning of life.
D．Writing down their responses to the question and do more exercise.
答案：B,
1．ponder vt. 考虑；衡量；反思
2．philosophically adv.
哲学地，贤明地，达观地，沉着地
3．cumulatively adv. 渐增地，累积地
画线句句意：我之所以年复一年地问这个问题，是因为我的答案会随着时间的推移而变化，我觉得这很有趣，也很有意义。
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。why引导定语从句，修饰先行词The reason; that引导表语从句；which引导非限制性定语从句，指代my answer changes over time整句话的内容。
时事阅读
海平面上升使沿海地区处于气候变化影响的最前沿，但新研究表明，沿海地区也面临其他与气候有关的威胁。1月14日发表在《自然通讯》(Nature Communications)上的一项研究发现海浪的能量在全球范围内一直在增长，这种增长与海表温度的上升密切相关，并且会导致海平面上升，带来更加剧烈的飓风和其他极端天气，进而威胁到沿海地区人们的生活。这对于人类来说不是一件好事，因此我们必须高度重视这一问题，并采取行之有效的措施。
The ocean waves are getting stronger as a result of climate change, which might pose dangers for coastal communities in the future, according to a latest study published in the scientific magazine Nature. Researchers found that waves have increased in strength by 0.41 percent per year since 1948, and this change is correlated with the increasing seasurface temperatures. That is driving sea level rise, as oceans warm and expand, and bringing more intense hurricanes and other extreme weather, scientists warn.
This relationship is important, as it shows that “global wave power can be a potentially valuable indicator of global warming, similarly to carbon dioxide concentration, the global sea level rise, or the global surface atmospheric temperature，” said director of research at the Environmental Hydraulics Institute at Spain ’s University of Cantabria, and coauthor of the new study, Inigo J. Losada.
While the study reveals a longterm trend of increasing wave energy, the effects of this increase are particularly apparent during the most energetic storm seasons, as occurred during the winter of 2013－2014 in the North Atlantic, which affected the west coast of Europe, or the devastating 2017 hurricane season in the Caribbean, which offered a harsh reminder of the destructive power and economic impacts of coastal storms, said the study.
Researchers hope the findings could provide a more complete understanding of the dangers faced by coastal communities in the coming decades. “Our results indicate that risk analysis neglecting the changes in wave power and having sea level rise as the only driver may underestimate the consequences of climate change and result in not enough or poor adapt，” said coauthor Fernando J. Mendez, associate professor at the University of Cantabria.
The findings may alert governments to better protect populations and infrastructure such as ports and harbors by building coastal defenses.
1．What ’s the result of stronger waves?
A．Climate begins to change.
B．People living near coast face danger.
C．Oceans are being polluted.
D．Sea communities must move to other places.
答案：B
2．What should people living near oceans do according to the study?
A．Be fit to living with the rising sea level.
B．Set up some things to protect themselves.
C．Limit the number of people visiting seashore.
D．Improve the natural environment near seashore.
答案：B
1．pose v． 造成
2．correlate v. 使相互关联
3．indicator n. 指示，指标
4．concentration n. 浓度
5．devastating adj. 毁灭性的
6．underestimate v. 低估
7．alert v. 使意识到；警惕
8．infrastructure n. 基础设施
画线句句意：研究人员希望这些研究结果能让沿海居民更全面地了解在接下来的数十年里所面临的危险。
分析：句中的过去分词faced作后置定语，修饰名词dangers，与之构成逻辑上的动宾关系。在通常情况下，单个的过去分词作定语，通常应放在被修饰的名词之前。但是，如果是过去分词短语用作定语，应置于所修饰的名词之后。
高考阅读
文章介绍了与植物有关的研究，重点介绍了发光植物的相关内容
(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research.Recent studies have found positive effects.A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further — changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions.These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they ’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.“We ’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day，” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow (发光) in experiments using some common vegetables.Strano ’s team found that they could create a faint light for threeandahalf hours.The light, about onethousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start.The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into selfpowered street lamps.
In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a oneoff treatment that would last the plant ’s lifetime.The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US.Since lighting is often far removed from the power source (电源) — such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway — a lot of energy is lost during transmission (传输)．Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
1．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．A new study of different plants.
B．A big fall in crime rates.
C．Employees from various workplaces.
D．Benefits from green plants.
答案：D
2．What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers?
A．To detect plants ’ lack of water.
B．To change compositions of plants.
C．To make the life of plants longer.
D．To test chemicals in plants.
答案：A
3．What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?
A．They will speed up energy production.
B．They may transmit electricity to the home.
C．They might help reduce energy consumption.
D．They could take the place of power plants.
答案：C
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Can we grow more glowing plants?
B．How do we live with glowing plants?
C．Could glowing plants replace lamps?
D．How are glowing plants made pollutionfree?
答案：C
,
1．conduct v.
组织；安排；实施；执行
2．productive adj.
生产的；(尤指)多产的
3．diverse adj.
不同的；相异的；多种多样的
4．faint adj. (光、声、味)微弱的，不清楚的
画线句句意：这些包括叶面上印有感应器来显示缺水情况的植物，以及能探测地下水中有害化学物质的植物。
分析：本句主干为These include plants ... and a plant。第一个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词 plants，其中包含一个 when 引导的宾语从句；第二个 that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 a plant。have sensors printed 为使役动词结构 have sth done，表示“使/让某事被(别人)做”。
