北师大版选择性必修第一册Unit2SUCCESS单元复习学案

Unit 2 SUCCESS

[即时演练]

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Don't be discouraged (discourage). Take things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.

2．Before, he was an extremely devoted (devotion) physician，who treated his work seriously and cared for patients very much.

3．His speech was inspiring (inspire) and touched my heart.

4．I am very disturbed (disturb) by the complaints that have been made against you.

Ⅱ.补全句子

1．Try to learn survival skills your teacher told you.

努力学习老师告诉你的生存技巧。

2．I have a strong desire to know whose children we can be.

我急于要知道，我们到底是谁的孩子。

3．He was a foreigner，and they had nothing to do with each other.

他是个外国人，他们毫无关系。

4．To this day I still can't make out why they did so.

直到今天我还不理解他们为什么这样做。

背景阅读

“人非圣贤，孰能无过？”在工作中难免因出现差错而被批评。虽然“良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行”，但任何教训、指责，都会使人感到伤了自尊而处于自我防卫状态，并且会激起极大的反感，促使他竭力为自己辩解，所以喜欢批评的人是不多的。应当怎样对待批评呢？

Winston Churchill showed integrity and respect in the face of opposition. During his last year in office, he attended an official ceremony. Several rows behind him two gentlemen began whispering. “That's Winston Churchill.” “They say he is getting senile.” “They say he should step aside and leave the running of the nation to more dynamic and capable men.” When the ceremony was over, Churchill turned to the men and said, “Gentlemen, they also say he is deaf！”

Criticism. Nobody enjoys being criticized, even if it's done in a kind, loving way. But it's even more difficult to accept when the criticism is harsh or unfair. The fact is, however, that we all find ourselves from time to time in a position of being unfairly criticized.

Criticism — even destructive criticism — may serve a useful purpose. We need to listen to it and, if possible, profit by it. We ought to be humble enough to recognize that some criticisms are justly deserved. Even when critics are unkind and when they exaggerate our failures, there may still be some truth in what they say. So, when faced with criticism, we need to look at the situation honestly and ask these questions: Is it true? If so, how can I overcome the condition that caused it? If not, is there something I can do to eliminate future criticism of the same type?

It was reported to Abraham Lincoln once that one of his cabinet members had called him a fool. Having verified the fact that Mr Stanton had indeed referred to him in this manner, Lincoln said, “Mr Stanton is a wise man. If he said I am a fool, then I had better look into the matter.”

We learn much from the disagreeable things people say, for they make us think, whereas the good things only make us glad. Criticism provides us with the motivation we need to change and mature. If you listen to correction to improve your life, you will live among the wise. Those who refuse correction hate themselves, but those who accept correction gain understanding.

1．What does Winston Churchill do when two gentlemen were criticizing him?

A．Hold an official ceremony.

B．Run the whole nation.

C．Leave the country.

D．Serve in office.

答案：B

2．What did Abraham Lincoln do when faced with criticism?

A．Turned a deaf ear to it.

B．Found a way to avoid it.

C．Criticized the critics severely.

D．Referred to it as a stepping stone.

答案：D

1．integrity n．　 正直，诚实

2．senile adj.   衰老的

3．run v.   运转；运营

4．dynamic adj.   有活力的

5．harsh adj.   严厉的，刺耳的

6．profit v.   获利，获益

7．humble adj.   谦逊的

8．exaggerate v.   夸张，夸大；言过其实

9．cabinet n.   内阁

三个句子中的if possible，if so，if not是一种省略形式。若if从句的主语与主句主语一致，且if从句的主语后跟有动词be，那么通常可以省略if从句的“主语＋be”。常见的if这种省略惯用法有如下几种：

(1)if any 即使有(任何)……

(2)if anything 如果有……的话

(3)if anybody (anyone) 若有(任何)人的话

(4)if ever (即使有……也)极少，难得

(5)if necessary 如果有必要的话

(6)if not 如果不是这样的话；不然的话；否则

(7)if possible 如果可能的话

(8)if so 如果这样的话时事阅读

在一项基于了解南极冰盖会对上升的气温做出怎样反应的研究中，科学家们意外地发现在南极的中心有三个大峡谷。

Scientists have been studying Antarctica for over a century, but details as basic as what it looks like beneath all that ice have largely remained a mystery. Now, Earther reports that a team of scientists from Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, and the UK has published the most detailed data yet on the continent's subglacial topography near the South Pole.

As they report in the journal Geophysical Research Letters, central Antarctica is home to three large canyons, one of which is deeper than the Grand Canyon and nearly as wide at some points. The researchers made the discovery by flying a plane with radar over the South Pole, a spot that isn't covered by imaging satellites. They expected to find mountains beneath the ice sheet, but the expansive canyons they found between the mountains came as a surprise.

Of the three canyons, two hadn't been documented previously. The largest, the Foundation Trough, measures 218 miles long, up to 22 miles wide, and 6,260 feet deep, putting it up there with the planet's most impressive canyons.

The discoveries are significant on their own, but the real purpose behind the research is to better understand how the West and East Antarctic Ice Sheets will react to rising temperatures. Human­caused climate change has destabilized some of the continent's ice, and the West Antarctic Ice Sheet especially has been slowly melting to the sea. If patterns continue, the coastal glaciers supporting the large ice sheets could fall down, causing sea levels to rise a minimum of 10 feet. If this happens, the canyons could be a major factor in the speed and direction of ice flow from central Antarctica to the coast.

The event isn't likely to happen in the near future, but further study of Antarctica's topography will allow scientists to better predict when it might.

1．Which of the following scientists have known little?

A．The shape of Antarctica.

B．The condition of Antarctica ice.

C．The beneath of Antarctica ice.

D．What Antarctica looks like.

答案：C

2．What's the aim of the study?

A．To know rising temperatures' effect on ice.

B．To find the sizes of three canyons.

C．To find whether the ice is becoming thin.

D．To know how some Antarctic ice is appearing.

答案：A,

1．subglacial topography　　　　　　 冰川下的地形

2．canyon n.   峡谷

3．ice sheet   冰盖

4．expansive adj.   广阔的

5．destabilize v.   使不稳定

画线句句意：如果这种模式继续下去，支持大冰原的沿海冰川可能会下降，导致海平面至少上升10英尺。

分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中if引导条件状语从句；supporting the large ice sheets 为现在分词短语作定语修饰名词短语the coastal glaciers；现在分词短语causing sea levels to rise a minimum of 10 feet为现在分词短语作结果状语。

高考阅读

穿皮草通常是环保主义者所反对的事情，然而一个时装展却通过推广皮草来促进由海狸鼠的毛制成的皮草贸易。实际上，海狸鼠已经泛滥到与人势不两立的程度，它们给湿地和生态环境造成了巨大的破坏。

(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn't cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria (海狸鼠)．

Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt­free fur — unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year，” says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.①

Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters D|S5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.

Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can't handle this non­native species (物种)．It's destroying the environment. It's them or us，” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.

The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat­sized animals multiplied like crazy.

Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it's not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. ②Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton's job these days is trying to promote fur.

Then there's Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says，“To give people a guilt­free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them — I think that's going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable.③ She's trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco­friendly.

1．What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?

A．To promote guilt­free fur.

B．To expand the fashion market.

C．To introduce a new brand.

D．To celebrate a winter holiday.

答案：A

2．Why are scientists concerned about nutria?

A．Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.

B．Nutria are an endangered species.

C．Nutria hurt local cat­sized animals.

D．Nutria are illegally hunted.

答案：A

3．What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?

A．Boomed.　　　　　　　 B．Became mature.

C．Remained stable.   D．Crashed.

答案：D

4．What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?

A．It's formal.　　　　　 B．It's risky.

C．It's harmful.   D．It's traditional.

答案：B,

1．enthusiast n．　 爱好者；热心人

2．showcase vt.   展现

3．promote vt.   促进；促销

4．eco­friendly adj.   环保的

①句意：Righteous Fur的项目主管克里·麦克雷说：“谈论没有负罪感的皮毛听起来很疯狂——除非你知道海狸鼠每年都在破坏大片湿地。”

分析：unless引导条件状语从句

②句意：他说，让人们相信海狸鼠的毛是绿色环保的并不容易，但他对此毫不怀疑。

分析：第一个it充当形式主语

③句意：设计师詹妮弗·安德森承认，她花了一段时间才接受了在她的作品中使用海狸鼠毛皮是道德上可以接受的观点。

分析：it takes sb some time to do sth做某事花费某人多长时间