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英语选择性必修 第一册Lesson 1 The Sixth Extinction导学案
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这是一份英语选择性必修 第一册Lesson 1 The Sixth Extinction导学案，共13页。
eq \a\vs4\al([原文呈现])
Extinctins, where entire species① are wiped② ut, are nt unusual③ in ur Earth ’s histry. In fact, ver 90 percent f all species that ever lived are nw extinct. In the last 500 millin years, there have been five times when life n Earth has almst ended. These include the third mass④ extinctin, knwn as the “Great Dying”， which killed 90% t 96% f all species. And the fifth event, which ccurred 66 millin years ag, caused the death f the dinsaurs. The reasns fr extinctins are varied⑤. Accrding t scientists, they include vlcanic eruptins, asterids⑥ hitting the Earth frm space, changes in sea levels, the decrease⑦ f the xygen cntent f the sea and glbal warming. Many scientists say we are nw entering the Earth ’s sixth mass extinctin. This time, human activity will be t blame⑧.
Althugh it is nt unusual fr species t die ut⑨ naturally, the rate at which this is nw happening is cause fr cncern. A 2015 study by scientists wh were based at Brwn University and Duke University in the US, lked at hw quickly species die ut due t natural causes, that is, the “backgrund extinctin rate”. They fund that human activity is causing species t die ut 1,000 times faster than nrmal.(1) There is a lng list f reasns why s many species are dying ut: air and water pllutin, frests being destryed, factry farming and verfishing. It is clear that human activity has negatively affected⑩ all ther species n Earth, including animals and plants.
(1)本句是一个主从复合句。句中that引导宾语从句；1,000 times faster是倍数的表示方法。
If a sixth mass extinctin ccurs, scientists wh have studied the issue believe that up t⑪ three quarters f all species n Earth culd die ut. Of curse, as we humans depend n⑫ s many species fr ur survival, we wuld als be at risk⑬ f dying ut. Our wrld and ur lives depend n the balance in nature between animals and plants. Withut frests, we wuld have n air t breathe, and withut clean water we wuld be unable t survive.(2)
(2)本句是一个并列句。由and连接两个并列分句，其中withut与n构成双重否定。
Can a sixth extinctin be avided? Experts say that it is nt yet t late, if we take actin⑭ nw.This wuld mean we have t significantly change the way we live.(3) Fr example, we need t take steps⑮ t save endangered⑯ species, including setting up special areas where plants and animals can be prtected. We need t change hw we wrk and travel by using cleaner, mre natural surces f energy, such as wind and slar⑰ energy. We als need t imprve ur farming methds t reduce water, air and land pllutin. In shrt⑱， if we want t survive, we need t stp destrying the planet that we live n and start t prtect it.
(3)本句是一个主从复合句。mean后面跟宾语从句；we live为定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
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①species n． 物种，种
②wipe vt. 擦；拭
wipe ut 彻底毁灭
③unusual adj. 异常的；不平常的
④mass adj. 大量的
⑤varied adj. 各种各样的，形形色色的
⑥asterid n. 小行星
⑦decrease vi.& vt. 减少；减少的量
n. 减少
⑧blame vt. 责怪，指责
be t blame 把……归咎于
⑨die ut 消失；绝迹，灭绝
⑩affect vt. 影响
⑪up t 多达
⑫depend n 依赖，依靠
⑬be at risk 处境危险，受到威胁
⑭take actin 采取行动
⑮take steps 采取措施
⑯endangered adj. 濒危的
⑰slar adj. 太阳光(能)的
⑱in shrt 总之
[参考译文]
物种灭绝，即某个物种的完全消失，在地球的历史上并不罕见。事实上，曾经存在的物种中90%以上现在都已经灭绝。在过去的五亿年中，地球上出现过五次生物几乎全部灭绝的情况。这其中包括称为“大灭绝”的第三次灭绝，那期间 90%至 96%的物种灭亡了。6,600 万年前发生的第五次灭绝导致了恐龙的灭亡。关于灭绝的原因各不相同。科学家认为原因包括火山爆发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面变化、海洋含氧量下降和全球变暖。许多科学家认为地球的第六次大灭绝即将来临。这一次，人类活动是主要原因。
虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。 2015年在美国布朗大学和杜克大学的科学家进行的一项研究，调查了物种自然状态下灭亡的速度，即“背景灭绝率”。他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1,000倍。这么多物种正在消亡的原因有很多：空气和水污染、森林被毁、工厂化畜牧和过度捕捞。显然，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。
研究该问题的科学家们相信，如果发生第六次灭绝，地球上多达四分之三的物种有可能灭绝。当然，由于人类的生存依赖很多种物种，我们也有可能濒临灭绝。我们的世界和我们的生命依赖于动植物之间的自然平衡。没有森林，我们就不能呼吸空气；没有干净的水，我们将无法生存。
第六次灭绝可以避免吗？专家说，如果我们现在采取行动还为时不晚。这意味着我们必须极大地改变我们的生活方式。例如，采取措施拯救濒临灭绝的物种，包括建立动植物的特殊保护区。通过使用更清洁、更自然的能源，例如风能和太阳能来改变我们的工作和出行方式。我们还需要改进耕作方式，减少水、空气和土地污染。简而言之，如果我们想要生存，就需要停止破坏我们生活的星球并开始保护它。
Ⅰ.What ’s the main idea f the passage?
The passage talks abut extinctin and its effects n ur planet.
Ⅱ.Read the text fast and judge the fllwing statements TRUE r FALSE.
1．Over 90 percent f all ever living species extincted in 500 millin years.
2．It is natural fr species t die ut usually.
3．If a sixth mass extinctin ccurs, entire species will be wiped ut.
4．In rder t avid the sixth extinctin, we need t stp traveling arund.
答案：1～4 FTFF
Ⅲ.Read the text carefully and chse the best answer.
1．What is ne f the reasns fr extinctin?
A．Sleep f vlcan. B．Changes in sea levels.
C．Rise in xygen. D．Drp in temperature.
2．What are scientists mainly cncerned abut as t reasns f species death?
A．Ages. B．Ways.
C．Numbers. D．Rates.
3．Why wuld we humans die ut with 75% f all species n Earth culd die ut?
A．Because we will have n clean water.
B．Because we will kill all species fr fd.
C．Because we will have n factry farming.
D．Because we will kill ne anther fr water.
4．Hw can we avid the sixth extinctin?
A．By prducing mre species.
B．By stpping destrying the planet.
C．By taking actin t prtect urselves.
D．By mving t anther planet immediately.
答案：1～4 BDAB
Ⅳ.Fill in the blanks with right wrds r phrases accrding t the passage.
Ⅰ.语境写单词
1．a strange species 奇怪的物种
2．wipe her tears away 擦干她的眼泪
3．weapns f mass destructin 大量的毁灭性武器
4．the impact site f the asterid 小行星的撞击地点
5．a huge decrease in ppulatin 人口的大幅度减少
6．blame him fr the failure 把失败归咎于他
7．the center f the slar system 太阳系的中心
8．hatch chicken 孵化鸡
Ⅱ.拓展识变化
1．unusual adj.异常的；不平常的→unusually adv.异常地；不平常地→usual adj.往常的
2．varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的→vary v．改变→varius adj.多种多样的→variety n．种类
3．affect vt.影响→affectin n．影响
4．endangered adj.濒危的→endanger v．危及，危害
5．restre vt.(使) 恢复→restratin n．恢复
Ⅲ.语境记短语
1．die ut hundreds f years ag 消失；绝迹，灭绝
2．wipe ut thrugh ignrance 彻底毁灭
3．be t blame fr the accident 把……归咎于
4．be at risk any time 处境危险，受到威胁
5．up t 500 guests 多达
6．depend n their parents fr fd and clthing
依赖，依靠
7．take actin t stp them 采取行动
8．take steps t prevent the spread 采取措施
9．in shrt 总之
10．due t his carelessness 由于
Ⅳ.仿写练句式
1．[教材原句] In the last 500 millin years, there have been five times when life n Earth has almst ended.
[句式分析] 现在完成时
[佳句仿写] 近几年来，这一艺术有了新的跃进。
In the last few years, this art has made a big leap.
2．[教材原句] They fund that human activity is causing species t die ut 1,000 times faster than nrmal.
[句式分析] 倍数表示法
[佳句仿写] 这颗恒星绝对是个巨无霸。它要比我们的太阳大百倍。
This star is abslutely huge. It ’s 100 times bigger than ur sun.
3．[教材原句] Withut frests, we wuld have n air t breathe, and withut clean water we wuld be unable t survive.
[句式分析] 双重否定
[佳句仿写] 没有战时的经历的话，海明威就不可能写出《永别了，武器》这部名著。
Withut his wartime experiences, Hemingway wuldn ’t have written his famus nvel A Farewell t Arms.
1．(教材p.52)Extinctins, where entire species are wiped ut, are nt unusual in ur Earth ’s histry.
物种灭绝，即某个物种的完全消失，在地球的历史上并不罕见。
wipe ut彻底毁灭
Five hundred years ag, the plague almst wiped ut the ppulatin f the island.
五百年前，瘟疫几乎消灭了岛上所有的人。
归纳拓展
wipe ... with ... 用……擦……
wipe away 擦掉，擦干
wipe sth ff/frm ... 把某物从……处擦掉(消除掉)
wipe sth/sb frm/ff ne ’s mind/memry
有意忘记某事物/某人
活学巧练
⊙单句语法填空/补全句子
①These measures will help t wipe ut pverty in rural areas.
②Whle villages were wiped ut by the earthquake.
地震把整座整座的村庄夷为平地。
③She bent dwn and wiped the dirt ff her shes using a dry clth.
她弯下腰，用一块干布把鞋上的泥土擦掉了。
④I tried several times t wipe him ff my mind, but I just culdn ’t.
我几次想把他忘掉，但就是做不到。
2．(教材p.52)The reasns fr extinctins are varied.
关于灭绝的原因各不相同。
varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的
Yet, utdr activities are varied and tempting in the USA.
然而，美国的户外活动是多种多样的和吸引人的。
归纳拓展
(1)varied art frms 多种艺术形式
(2)variety n. 变化；多样性；种类
eq \b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(a variety f,varieties f)) 种类繁多的；各种各样的
(3)vary vt.& vi. 改变；变化；不同
vary frm ... 从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动
vary with 随……而变化
(4)varius adj. 各种各样的；多方面的(＝a variety f)
活学巧练
⊙单句语法填空/补全句子
①As we can see, the prices f vegetables vary with the seasn.
②We may have varius (vary) ways t deal with such a situatin.
③If yu cme t visit China, yu will experience a culture f amazing depth and variety (vary)．
④Huse prices vary frm place t place and are usually high where there are famus schls.
各个地方的房价都不同，在有名校的地方房价通常很高。
⑤With the help f this technique, prviding varius/a variety f/varieties f suggestins n apprpriate ways f exercise fr patients becmes much easier.
在这种技术的帮助下，给病人提供各种关于合适的锻炼方式的建议变得容易多了。
⊙小话题写作
⑥这些书有很多优点。 其中之一是我们可以从中找到各种话题，例如科学、文化和历史。
These bks have many advantages. One f them is that we can find a variety f tpics, such as science, culture and histry.
3．(教材p.52)Accrding t scientists, they include vlcanic eruptins, asterids hitting the Earth frm space, changes in sea levels, the decrease f the xygen cntent f the sea and glbal warming.
科学家认为原因包括火山爆发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面变化、海洋含氧量下降和全球变暖。
decrease n．减少；减少的量 vi.& vt.减少
It has been reprted that the exprts f that cmpany have decreased by 3%.
据报道，那家公司的出口下降了3%。
归纳拓展
(1)decrease in 在……减少
(2)decrease t 后接数字，表示“下降到……”
(3)decrease by 后接分数、百分数或其他表示数量的词，表示“下降了……”
(4)有同样用法的还有grw及increase
活学巧练
⊙单句语法填空/补全句子
①The number f new students decreases t 800 this year.
②The price f wheat has decreased by 10%.
③Increase in ppulatin caused a shrtage f fd.
人口的增加导致了食物的短缺。
④As ur family incme decreased，father argued against an increase in ur pcket mney.
随着家庭收入的减少，爸爸反对增加我们的零花钱。
4．(教材p.52)This time, human activity will be t blame.
这一次，人类活动是主要原因。
blame vt.责怪，指责
We tend t blame TV, he says, fr prblems it desn ’t really cause, verlking ur wn rles in shaping children ’s minds.
他说，我们倾向于把责任归咎于电视而忽略了我们自己在塑造孩子思想上产生的影响，而问题却不在电视上。
归纳拓展
(1)be t blame (fr sth)
应该为(某事)负责任，应该(为某事)受责备
blame sth n sb/sth把某事归咎于某人/某事
blame sb fr sth/ding sth
因(做)某事而责备某人
(2)blame n. 过失；责备
put/lay/place the blame (fr sth) n sb
把(某事)归咎于某人
活学巧练
⊙单句语法填空/补全句子
①She blamed her husband fr the failure f their marriage.
②One f the cmputers is brken and she is blaming it n me.
③Dn ’t try t lay the blame fr this n thers.
④I am nt t blame fr my laziness, mum.I ’m what yu have made me.
妈妈，你不该责备我懒惰。我这么懒也是你娇惯出来的。
⊙小话题写作
⑤说实话，这是苏的错，但李也应该负有责任。
T be hnest, it was Su ’s fault but Li was als t blame.
5．(教材p.52)Althugh it is nt unusual fr species t die ut naturally, the rate at which this is nw happening is cause fr cncern.
虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。
die ut消失；绝迹，灭绝
In fact, half f the 6,000～7,000 languages spken arund the wrld tday will likely die ut by the next century, accrding t the United Natins Educatinal, Scientific and Cultural Organizatin (UNESCO)．
实际上，根据联合国教科文组织报告，到下个世纪，世界上现有使用的6,000～7,000种语言中有一半将可能消失。
归纳拓展
die away (声音、风、光等)逐渐消失
die ff (一群生物)相继死去
die dwn (慢慢地)熄灭；平息(静)下来
活学巧练
⊙单句语法填空/补全句子
①The practice f children wrking in factries has nearly died ut.
②We n lnger see this animal — maybe it has died ut.
我们再也看不到这种动物了，或许它早就灭绝了。
③The sund f the car died away in the distance.
汽车的响声消失在远处。
④Althugh the wind has died dwn, the rain remains steady, s yu still need a raincat.
尽管风停了，但是雨还在下，因此你仍需要带上一件雨衣。
6．(教材p.53)Of curse, as we humans depend n s many species fr ur survival, we wuld als be at risk f dying ut.
当然，由于人类的生存依赖很多种物种，我们也有可能濒临灭绝。
be at risk 处境危险，受到威胁
The disease is spreading, and all yung children are at risk.
疾病正在流行，所有的幼儿都有危险。
归纳拓展
(1)risk vt. 冒……的危险；冒险做
risk ne ’s life 冒着生命危险
risk ding sth 冒着做某事的危险/冒险做某事
risk n. 冒险；危险的人或物
(2)reduce/increase the risk f降低/增加……的危险
at the risk f ding sth 冒着做某事的危险
run/take the risk f ding sth
冒着做某事的危险
take a risk/take risks t d sth
冒险做某事
(3)risky adj. 危险的；冒险的
活学巧练
⊙单句语法填空/补全句子
①I mustn ’t anny my bss because I wn ’t risk lsing (lse) my jb.
②It ’s nice t get ut in the sun, but if yu verd it, yu culd put yur life at risk.
③I wn ’t let yu take such risks. After all, it is better t be safe than srry.
我是不会让你冒这种险的。毕竟，小心一点好，以免以后后悔。
④They prevented a serius railway accident at the risk f lsing their wn lives.
他们冒着失去生命的危险阻止了一次严重的铁路事故。
[能力提升]——一句多译
有一大家人要养活，所以他不能冒险失去这一次好机会。
⑤He has a large family t supprt，s he can ’t take risks/a risk t lse the gd chance.(risk n．)
⑥He has a large family t supprt，s he can ’t take/run the risk f lsing the gd chance.(risk n．)
⑦He has a large family t supprt，s he can ’t risk lsing the gd chance.(risk v．)
(教材p.53)They fund that human activity is causing species t die ut 1,000 times faster than nrmal.
他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1,000倍。
[句式分析] 句中1,000 times faster than意为“比……快一千倍”，表示倍数。
The researchers fund that laptp users tk twice as many ntes as thse wh wrte by hand.
研究人员发现，笔记本电脑用户记的笔记数量是那些手写者的两倍。
归纳拓展
英语中表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样，常见的有以下5种：
(1)A is N times as lng/wide/high/large/deep ... as B．如：
The dictinary is almst five times as expensive as that ne.
这本字典比那本差不多贵5倍。
(2)A is N times lnger/wider/higher/larger/deeper ... than B．如：
The new street is 3 times wider than the ld ne.
新街是老街的4倍宽。
(3)A is N times the length/width/height/size/depth ... f B．如：
China is almst twice/duble the size f their cuntry in area.
在面积上中国差不多是他们国家的2倍大。
(4)A is N times＋what从句．如：
The length f the rad is duble what it was three years ag.
这条路的长度是三年前的2倍长。
(5)A has increased/decreased/reduced/gne up/risen ... by N times.如：
The csts have been reduced by 20% after the new equipment was brught in.
新设备引进后，成本已经减少了20%。
活学巧练
⊙补全句子
①The ppulatin nw in this village is five times what it was ten years ag.
现在这个村庄的人口是十年前的五倍。
②Our grain utput will be 10 times that f 1960.
我们的粮食产量将是1960年的10倍。
[能力提升]——句型转换
③The red ruler is three times as lng as the yellw ne.
→The red ruler is twice lnger than the yellw ne.
→The red ruler is three times the length f the yellw ne.
Extinctin
Meaning f
extinctin
entire species are 1.wiped ut.
The number f
extinctins that
have ccurred
s far
ver 2.90% f all species that ever lived.
Tw ntable
extinctins and
their cnsequences
the 3.third mass extinctin, killed
4．90% t 96% f all species; the
5．fifth event, which ccurred 6.66 millin years ag, caused the death f the 7.dinsaurs.
Main reasns
that cause
extinctins
vlcanic 8.eruptins, asterids hitting the Earth frm space, changes in 9.sea levels, the decrease f the 10.xygen cntent f the sea, 11.glbal warming.
Hw t avid
the sixth
mass extinctin
change the way 12.we live, including 13.setting up special areas where plants and animals can be prtected; change hw we wrk and travel by 14.using cleaner, mre natural surces f energy; imprve ur 15.farming methds.
eq \a\vs4\al([原文呈现])
Extinctins, where entire species① are wiped② ut, are nt unusual③ in ur Earth ’s histry. In fact, ver 90 percent f all species that ever lived are nw extinct. In the last 500 millin years, there have been five times when life n Earth has almst ended. These include the third mass④ extinctin, knwn as the “Great Dying”， which killed 90% t 96% f all species. And the fifth event, which ccurred 66 millin years ag, caused the death f the dinsaurs. The reasns fr extinctins are varied⑤. Accrding t scientists, they include vlcanic eruptins, asterids⑥ hitting the Earth frm space, changes in sea levels, the decrease⑦ f the xygen cntent f the sea and glbal warming. Many scientists say we are nw entering the Earth ’s sixth mass extinctin. This time, human activity will be t blame⑧.
Althugh it is nt unusual fr species t die ut⑨ naturally, the rate at which this is nw happening is cause fr cncern. A 2015 study by scientists wh were based at Brwn University and Duke University in the US, lked at hw quickly species die ut due t natural causes, that is, the “backgrund extinctin rate”. They fund that human activity is causing species t die ut 1,000 times faster than nrmal.(1) There is a lng list f reasns why s many species are dying ut: air and water pllutin, frests being destryed, factry farming and verfishing. It is clear that human activity has negatively affected⑩ all ther species n Earth, including animals and plants.
(1)本句是一个主从复合句。句中that引导宾语从句；1,000 times faster是倍数的表示方法。
If a sixth mass extinctin ccurs, scientists wh have studied the issue believe that up t⑪ three quarters f all species n Earth culd die ut. Of curse, as we humans depend n⑫ s many species fr ur survival, we wuld als be at risk⑬ f dying ut. Our wrld and ur lives depend n the balance in nature between animals and plants. Withut frests, we wuld have n air t breathe, and withut clean water we wuld be unable t survive.(2)
(2)本句是一个并列句。由and连接两个并列分句，其中withut与n构成双重否定。
Can a sixth extinctin be avided? Experts say that it is nt yet t late, if we take actin⑭ nw.This wuld mean we have t significantly change the way we live.(3) Fr example, we need t take steps⑮ t save endangered⑯ species, including setting up special areas where plants and animals can be prtected. We need t change hw we wrk and travel by using cleaner, mre natural surces f energy, such as wind and slar⑰ energy. We als need t imprve ur farming methds t reduce water, air and land pllutin. In shrt⑱， if we want t survive, we need t stp destrying the planet that we live n and start t prtect it.
(3)本句是一个主从复合句。mean后面跟宾语从句；we live为定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
eq \a\vs4\al([读文清障])
①species n． 物种，种
②wipe vt. 擦；拭
wipe ut 彻底毁灭
③unusual adj. 异常的；不平常的
④mass adj. 大量的
⑤varied adj. 各种各样的，形形色色的
⑥asterid n. 小行星
⑦decrease vi.& vt. 减少；减少的量
n. 减少
⑧blame vt. 责怪，指责
be t blame 把……归咎于
⑨die ut 消失；绝迹，灭绝
⑩affect vt. 影响
⑪up t 多达
⑫depend n 依赖，依靠
⑬be at risk 处境危险，受到威胁
⑭take actin 采取行动
⑮take steps 采取措施
⑯endangered adj. 濒危的
⑰slar adj. 太阳光(能)的
⑱in shrt 总之
[参考译文]
物种灭绝，即某个物种的完全消失，在地球的历史上并不罕见。事实上，曾经存在的物种中90%以上现在都已经灭绝。在过去的五亿年中，地球上出现过五次生物几乎全部灭绝的情况。这其中包括称为“大灭绝”的第三次灭绝，那期间 90%至 96%的物种灭亡了。6,600 万年前发生的第五次灭绝导致了恐龙的灭亡。关于灭绝的原因各不相同。科学家认为原因包括火山爆发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面变化、海洋含氧量下降和全球变暖。许多科学家认为地球的第六次大灭绝即将来临。这一次，人类活动是主要原因。
虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。 2015年在美国布朗大学和杜克大学的科学家进行的一项研究，调查了物种自然状态下灭亡的速度，即“背景灭绝率”。他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1,000倍。这么多物种正在消亡的原因有很多：空气和水污染、森林被毁、工厂化畜牧和过度捕捞。显然，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。
研究该问题的科学家们相信，如果发生第六次灭绝，地球上多达四分之三的物种有可能灭绝。当然，由于人类的生存依赖很多种物种，我们也有可能濒临灭绝。我们的世界和我们的生命依赖于动植物之间的自然平衡。没有森林，我们就不能呼吸空气；没有干净的水，我们将无法生存。
第六次灭绝可以避免吗？专家说，如果我们现在采取行动还为时不晚。这意味着我们必须极大地改变我们的生活方式。例如，采取措施拯救濒临灭绝的物种，包括建立动植物的特殊保护区。通过使用更清洁、更自然的能源，例如风能和太阳能来改变我们的工作和出行方式。我们还需要改进耕作方式，减少水、空气和土地污染。简而言之，如果我们想要生存，就需要停止破坏我们生活的星球并开始保护它。
Ⅰ.What ’s the main idea f the passage?
The passage talks abut extinctin and its effects n ur planet.
Ⅱ.Read the text fast and judge the fllwing statements TRUE r FALSE.
1．Over 90 percent f all ever living species extincted in 500 millin years.
2．It is natural fr species t die ut usually.
3．If a sixth mass extinctin ccurs, entire species will be wiped ut.
4．In rder t avid the sixth extinctin, we need t stp traveling arund.
答案：1～4 FTFF
Ⅲ.Read the text carefully and chse the best answer.
1．What is ne f the reasns fr extinctin?
A．Sleep f vlcan. B．Changes in sea levels.
C．Rise in xygen. D．Drp in temperature.
2．What are scientists mainly cncerned abut as t reasns f species death?
A．Ages. B．Ways.
C．Numbers. D．Rates.
3．Why wuld we humans die ut with 75% f all species n Earth culd die ut?
A．Because we will have n clean water.
B．Because we will kill all species fr fd.
C．Because we will have n factry farming.
D．Because we will kill ne anther fr water.
4．Hw can we avid the sixth extinctin?
A．By prducing mre species.
B．By stpping destrying the planet.
C．By taking actin t prtect urselves.
D．By mving t anther planet immediately.
答案：1～4 BDAB
Ⅳ.Fill in the blanks with right wrds r phrases accrding t the passage.
Ⅰ.语境写单词
1．a strange species 奇怪的物种
2．wipe her tears away 擦干她的眼泪
3．weapns f mass destructin 大量的毁灭性武器
4．the impact site f the asterid 小行星的撞击地点
5．a huge decrease in ppulatin 人口的大幅度减少
6．blame him fr the failure 把失败归咎于他
7．the center f the slar system 太阳系的中心
8．hatch chicken 孵化鸡
Ⅱ.拓展识变化
1．unusual adj.异常的；不平常的→unusually adv.异常地；不平常地→usual adj.往常的
2．varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的→vary v．改变→varius adj.多种多样的→variety n．种类
3．affect vt.影响→affectin n．影响
4．endangered adj.濒危的→endanger v．危及，危害
5．restre vt.(使) 恢复→restratin n．恢复
Ⅲ.语境记短语
1．die ut hundreds f years ag 消失；绝迹，灭绝
2．wipe ut thrugh ignrance 彻底毁灭
3．be t blame fr the accident 把……归咎于
4．be at risk any time 处境危险，受到威胁
5．up t 500 guests 多达
6．depend n their parents fr fd and clthing
依赖，依靠
7．take actin t stp them 采取行动
8．take steps t prevent the spread 采取措施
9．in shrt 总之
10．due t his carelessness 由于
Ⅳ.仿写练句式
1．[教材原句] In the last 500 millin years, there have been five times when life n Earth has almst ended.
[句式分析] 现在完成时
[佳句仿写] 近几年来，这一艺术有了新的跃进。
In the last few years, this art has made a big leap.
2．[教材原句] They fund that human activity is causing species t die ut 1,000 times faster than nrmal.
[句式分析] 倍数表示法
[佳句仿写] 这颗恒星绝对是个巨无霸。它要比我们的太阳大百倍。
This star is abslutely huge. It ’s 100 times bigger than ur sun.
3．[教材原句] Withut frests, we wuld have n air t breathe, and withut clean water we wuld be unable t survive.
[句式分析] 双重否定
[佳句仿写] 没有战时的经历的话，海明威就不可能写出《永别了，武器》这部名著。
Withut his wartime experiences, Hemingway wuldn ’t have written his famus nvel A Farewell t Arms.
1．(教材p.52)Extinctins, where entire species are wiped ut, are nt unusual in ur Earth ’s histry.
物种灭绝，即某个物种的完全消失，在地球的历史上并不罕见。
wipe ut彻底毁灭
Five hundred years ag, the plague almst wiped ut the ppulatin f the island.
五百年前，瘟疫几乎消灭了岛上所有的人。
归纳拓展
wipe ... with ... 用……擦……
wipe away 擦掉，擦干
wipe sth ff/frm ... 把某物从……处擦掉(消除掉)
wipe sth/sb frm/ff ne ’s mind/memry
有意忘记某事物/某人
活学巧练
⊙单句语法填空/补全句子
①These measures will help t wipe ut pverty in rural areas.
②Whle villages were wiped ut by the earthquake.
地震把整座整座的村庄夷为平地。
③She bent dwn and wiped the dirt ff her shes using a dry clth.
她弯下腰，用一块干布把鞋上的泥土擦掉了。
④I tried several times t wipe him ff my mind, but I just culdn ’t.
我几次想把他忘掉，但就是做不到。
2．(教材p.52)The reasns fr extinctins are varied.
关于灭绝的原因各不相同。
varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的
Yet, utdr activities are varied and tempting in the USA.
然而，美国的户外活动是多种多样的和吸引人的。
归纳拓展
(1)varied art frms 多种艺术形式
(2)variety n. 变化；多样性；种类
eq \b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(a variety f,varieties f)) 种类繁多的；各种各样的
(3)vary vt.& vi. 改变；变化；不同
vary frm ... 从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动
vary with 随……而变化
(4)varius adj. 各种各样的；多方面的(＝a variety f)
活学巧练
⊙单句语法填空/补全句子
①As we can see, the prices f vegetables vary with the seasn.
②We may have varius (vary) ways t deal with such a situatin.
③If yu cme t visit China, yu will experience a culture f amazing depth and variety (vary)．
④Huse prices vary frm place t place and are usually high where there are famus schls.
各个地方的房价都不同，在有名校的地方房价通常很高。
⑤With the help f this technique, prviding varius/a variety f/varieties f suggestins n apprpriate ways f exercise fr patients becmes much easier.
在这种技术的帮助下，给病人提供各种关于合适的锻炼方式的建议变得容易多了。
⊙小话题写作
⑥这些书有很多优点。 其中之一是我们可以从中找到各种话题，例如科学、文化和历史。
These bks have many advantages. One f them is that we can find a variety f tpics, such as science, culture and histry.
3．(教材p.52)Accrding t scientists, they include vlcanic eruptins, asterids hitting the Earth frm space, changes in sea levels, the decrease f the xygen cntent f the sea and glbal warming.
科学家认为原因包括火山爆发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面变化、海洋含氧量下降和全球变暖。
decrease n．减少；减少的量 vi.& vt.减少
It has been reprted that the exprts f that cmpany have decreased by 3%.
据报道，那家公司的出口下降了3%。
归纳拓展
(1)decrease in 在……减少
(2)decrease t 后接数字，表示“下降到……”
(3)decrease by 后接分数、百分数或其他表示数量的词，表示“下降了……”
(4)有同样用法的还有grw及increase
活学巧练
⊙单句语法填空/补全句子
①The number f new students decreases t 800 this year.
②The price f wheat has decreased by 10%.
③Increase in ppulatin caused a shrtage f fd.
人口的增加导致了食物的短缺。
④As ur family incme decreased，father argued against an increase in ur pcket mney.
随着家庭收入的减少，爸爸反对增加我们的零花钱。
4．(教材p.52)This time, human activity will be t blame.
这一次，人类活动是主要原因。
blame vt.责怪，指责
We tend t blame TV, he says, fr prblems it desn ’t really cause, verlking ur wn rles in shaping children ’s minds.
他说，我们倾向于把责任归咎于电视而忽略了我们自己在塑造孩子思想上产生的影响，而问题却不在电视上。
归纳拓展
(1)be t blame (fr sth)
应该为(某事)负责任，应该(为某事)受责备
blame sth n sb/sth把某事归咎于某人/某事
blame sb fr sth/ding sth
因(做)某事而责备某人
(2)blame n. 过失；责备
put/lay/place the blame (fr sth) n sb
把(某事)归咎于某人
活学巧练
⊙单句语法填空/补全句子
①She blamed her husband fr the failure f their marriage.
②One f the cmputers is brken and she is blaming it n me.
③Dn ’t try t lay the blame fr this n thers.
④I am nt t blame fr my laziness, mum.I ’m what yu have made me.
妈妈，你不该责备我懒惰。我这么懒也是你娇惯出来的。
⊙小话题写作
⑤说实话，这是苏的错，但李也应该负有责任。
T be hnest, it was Su ’s fault but Li was als t blame.
5．(教材p.52)Althugh it is nt unusual fr species t die ut naturally, the rate at which this is nw happening is cause fr cncern.
虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。
die ut消失；绝迹，灭绝
In fact, half f the 6,000～7,000 languages spken arund the wrld tday will likely die ut by the next century, accrding t the United Natins Educatinal, Scientific and Cultural Organizatin (UNESCO)．
实际上，根据联合国教科文组织报告，到下个世纪，世界上现有使用的6,000～7,000种语言中有一半将可能消失。
归纳拓展
die away (声音、风、光等)逐渐消失
die ff (一群生物)相继死去
die dwn (慢慢地)熄灭；平息(静)下来
活学巧练
⊙单句语法填空/补全句子
①The practice f children wrking in factries has nearly died ut.
②We n lnger see this animal — maybe it has died ut.
我们再也看不到这种动物了，或许它早就灭绝了。
③The sund f the car died away in the distance.
汽车的响声消失在远处。
④Althugh the wind has died dwn, the rain remains steady, s yu still need a raincat.
尽管风停了，但是雨还在下，因此你仍需要带上一件雨衣。
6．(教材p.53)Of curse, as we humans depend n s many species fr ur survival, we wuld als be at risk f dying ut.
当然，由于人类的生存依赖很多种物种，我们也有可能濒临灭绝。
be at risk 处境危险，受到威胁
The disease is spreading, and all yung children are at risk.
疾病正在流行，所有的幼儿都有危险。
归纳拓展
(1)risk vt. 冒……的危险；冒险做
risk ne ’s life 冒着生命危险
risk ding sth 冒着做某事的危险/冒险做某事
risk n. 冒险；危险的人或物
(2)reduce/increase the risk f降低/增加……的危险
at the risk f ding sth 冒着做某事的危险
run/take the risk f ding sth
冒着做某事的危险
take a risk/take risks t d sth
冒险做某事
(3)risky adj. 危险的；冒险的
活学巧练
⊙单句语法填空/补全句子
①I mustn ’t anny my bss because I wn ’t risk lsing (lse) my jb.
②It ’s nice t get ut in the sun, but if yu verd it, yu culd put yur life at risk.
③I wn ’t let yu take such risks. After all, it is better t be safe than srry.
我是不会让你冒这种险的。毕竟，小心一点好，以免以后后悔。
④They prevented a serius railway accident at the risk f lsing their wn lives.
他们冒着失去生命的危险阻止了一次严重的铁路事故。
[能力提升]——一句多译
有一大家人要养活，所以他不能冒险失去这一次好机会。
⑤He has a large family t supprt，s he can ’t take risks/a risk t lse the gd chance.(risk n．)
⑥He has a large family t supprt，s he can ’t take/run the risk f lsing the gd chance.(risk n．)
⑦He has a large family t supprt，s he can ’t risk lsing the gd chance.(risk v．)
(教材p.53)They fund that human activity is causing species t die ut 1,000 times faster than nrmal.
他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1,000倍。
[句式分析] 句中1,000 times faster than意为“比……快一千倍”，表示倍数。
The researchers fund that laptp users tk twice as many ntes as thse wh wrte by hand.
研究人员发现，笔记本电脑用户记的笔记数量是那些手写者的两倍。
归纳拓展
英语中表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样，常见的有以下5种：
(1)A is N times as lng/wide/high/large/deep ... as B．如：
The dictinary is almst five times as expensive as that ne.
这本字典比那本差不多贵5倍。
(2)A is N times lnger/wider/higher/larger/deeper ... than B．如：
The new street is 3 times wider than the ld ne.
新街是老街的4倍宽。
(3)A is N times the length/width/height/size/depth ... f B．如：
China is almst twice/duble the size f their cuntry in area.
在面积上中国差不多是他们国家的2倍大。
(4)A is N times＋what从句．如：
The length f the rad is duble what it was three years ag.
这条路的长度是三年前的2倍长。
(5)A has increased/decreased/reduced/gne up/risen ... by N times.如：
The csts have been reduced by 20% after the new equipment was brught in.
新设备引进后，成本已经减少了20%。
活学巧练
⊙补全句子
①The ppulatin nw in this village is five times what it was ten years ag.
现在这个村庄的人口是十年前的五倍。
②Our grain utput will be 10 times that f 1960.
我们的粮食产量将是1960年的10倍。
[能力提升]——句型转换
③The red ruler is three times as lng as the yellw ne.
→The red ruler is twice lnger than the yellw ne.
→The red ruler is three times the length f the yellw ne.
Extinctin
Meaning f
extinctin
entire species are 1.wiped ut.
The number f
extinctins that
have ccurred
s far
ver 2.90% f all species that ever lived.
Tw ntable
extinctins and
their cnsequences
the 3.third mass extinctin, killed
4．90% t 96% f all species; the
5．fifth event, which ccurred 6.66 millin years ag, caused the death f the 7.dinsaurs.
Main reasns
that cause
extinctins
vlcanic 8.eruptins, asterids hitting the Earth frm space, changes in 9.sea levels, the decrease f the 10.xygen cntent f the sea, 11.glbal warming.
Hw t avid
the sixth
mass extinctin
change the way 12.we live, including 13.setting up special areas where plants and animals can be prtected; change hw we wrk and travel by 14.using cleaner, mre natural surces f energy; imprve ur 15.farming methds.
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