2022年新教材高中英语Unit4Exploringpoetry课件译林版选择性必修第一册

这是一份2022年新教材高中英语Unit4Exploringpoetry课件译林版选择性必修第一册，共60页。
Ⅰ.核心单词(A)写作词汇—写词形1. 　imply    vt. 含有……的意思,暗示,暗指2. 　grasp     n. 理解,领会;抓紧,握紧,控制;能力所及 vt.抓紧;领会,理解3. 　rhyme    n. 押韵词;押韵 vt. 使押韵 vi. 和……同韵4. 　complex    adj. 复杂的,难懂的 n. 建筑群;复合体;情结5. 　clue    n. 线索,提示;迹象6. 　cage    vt. 把(动物)关在笼中 n. 笼子7. 　aside    adv. 到旁边,在旁边;留,存;除……以外
8. 　remote    adj. 偏远的,偏僻的;遥远的,久远的;远亲的9. 　logical     adj. 符合逻辑的;必然的,合乎情理的10. 　inner    adj. 内心的,隐藏的;里面的,内部的11. 　ideal     n. 理想;典范 adj. 完美的,理想的12. 　advocate    vt. 拥护,支持,提倡 n. 拥护者,支持者;辩护律师13. 　era    n. 时代,年代14. 　district    n. 区,行政区;地区,区域15. 　bend    vi. & vt. (使)拐弯,弯曲n. 拐弯,弯道16. 　claim    n. 声明,宣称;所有权;索赔 vt. 宣称,声称;要求;索取;获得17. 　sigh    n. & vi. 叹气,叹息18. 　dare    vi. & vt. 敢于,胆敢;激(某人做某事)19. 　legend    n. 传说,传奇故事;传奇人物
20. 　encounter    vt. 偶然碰到,意外地遇见;遭遇,碰到n. 相遇,遭遇,冲突21. 　numerous    adj. 众多的,许多的22. 　liberty     n.自由23. 　distinguish    vt. & vi. 成为……的特征,使有别于;区分,辨别;认出;使出众24. 　frost    n. 霜;霜冻,严寒天气25. 　cast    vt. 投射;向……投以(视线、笑容等);投,抛;选派角色n. 全体演员;投,抛26. 　owe    vt. 欠(情);欠(债)27. 　debt    n. 人情债,情义,恩情;借款,欠款,债务28. 　blame    vt. 把……归咎于,责怪,指责 n. 责任;责备,指责(B)阅读词汇—明词义1.barren adj. 　贫瘠的,不毛的;不结果实的    
2.dimension n. 　方面,侧面;规模,程度;维    3.perceive vt. 　注意到,意识到;将……理解为,将……视为    4.mist n. 　薄雾,水汽    5.rigid adj. 　死板的,僵硬的;固执的,僵化的    6.undergo vt. 　经历,经受    7.diverge vi. 　分叉,岔开;分歧,相异;偏离    8.tread vi.& vt. 　踩,踏;踩碎,践踏;行走,步行    9.hence adv. 　因此,由此    10.dweller n. 　居民,居住者    11.striking adj. 　引人注目的,显著的;妩媚动人的,标致的    12.Confucianism n. 　儒家,儒学,孔子学说    13.Taoism n. 　道教,道家    
14.nourish vt. 　培养,助长;抚养,滋养    15.boom n. 　(贸易和经济活动的)激增,繁荣     vi. 　迅速发展,激增,繁荣昌盛    16.unconstrained adj. 　不受约束的,自由的    17.vitality n. 　生命力,活力,热情    18.exaggeration n. 　夸张,夸大    19.metaphor n. 　暗喻,隐喻    20.entitle vt. 　给……命名;使享有权利,使符合资格    21.allowance n. 　津贴,补助;限额;零花钱    22.triumph n. 　巨大成功,重大成就,伟大胜利     vi. 　打败,战胜,成功    23.impostor n. 　冒名顶替者,冒名行骗者    24.unforgiving adj. 　棘手的;不饶人的,不宽容的    
1. 　frozen    adj. 结冰的,冰封的;冷冻的;冻僵的→ 　freeze     v. (使)冻结;冰冻 → 　freezing    adj. 冰冻的;极冷的→ 　freezer     n. 冰柜2. 　detect    vt. 发现,查明,侦察出→ 　detection     n. 探测;侦查;察觉;发现→     detector     n. 探测器→ 　detective     n. 侦探adj. 侦探的3. 　contradictory     adj. 相互矛盾的,对立的→ 　contradict     vt.反驳;相矛盾→ 　contradiction     n.(事实、看法、行动等的)不一致,矛盾;反驳4. 　interpret     vt. 解释;理解;把……理解为,领会;演绎 vi.口译→ 　interpreter     n. 口译员→ 　interpretation     n. 解释;理解;演绎5. 　patience     n. 耐心;忍耐力→ 　patient     adj. 有耐心的;能忍耐的 n. 病人→ 　patiently     adv. 耐心地6. 　reward     vt. 奖励,奖赏 n. 奖励,回报;悬赏金 → 　rewarding     adj. 报酬高的;有益的;值得做的
(C)拓展词汇—灵活用
7. 　constantly     adv. 始终,一直→ 　constant     adj. 不变的;连续发生的8. 　reality     n. 现实,实际情况;事实,实际经历→ 　real     adj. 真正的;真的;真实的→ 　really     adv. 真正地,真实地→ 　realistic     adj. 现实的;实际的9. 　novelist     n. 小说家→ 　novel     n. (长篇)小说 adj. 新奇的10. 　industrialization     n. 工业化→ 　industry     n. 工业;行业→ 　industrial     adj. 工业的;产业的11. 　belief     n. 看法,信念;信仰;相信,信心 → 　believe     v. 相信;认为真实→     believable     adj. 可信的12. 　characterize     vt. 是……的特征,以……为典型;使……具有特点;描述,刻画→ 　character     n. 特性;品质;符号;人物→ 　characteristic     n. 特点;特性;品质 adj. 典型的;特有的
13. 　glorious     adj.荣耀的,光荣的;壮丽的,辉煌的→ 　glory     n. 光荣;荣誉;赞颂;壮丽14. 　stability     n. 稳定(性),稳固(性)→ 　stable     adj. 稳定的;沉稳的→ 　stably     adv.稳定地15. 　tolerant     adj. 宽容的,容忍的;能耐……的→ 　tolerance     n. 宽容;容忍;忍耐力→ 　tolerate    v.容忍,允许16. 　representative     adj. 典型的,有代表性的n. 典型人物,代表性人物;代表→     represent     vt. 展现;展示;代表→ 　representation     n. 描述;表现17. 　fascinate     vt. & vi. 深深吸引,迷住 → 　fascinated     adj. 极感兴趣的;入迷的→ 　fascinating     adj. 迷人的→ 　fascination     n. 魅力;极大的吸引力;入迷
Ⅱ.重点短语1. 　in the end    最后2. 　dig up    发现;搜集;查明3. 　set sth. aside    把……放一边;留出4. 　be covered with    被……覆盖5. 　start with    以……开始6. 　be pleased with    对……感到高兴/满意7. 　as a result    结果;因此8. 　focus on    专注于9. 　be filled with    充满10. 　in one's opinion    依某人看11. 　agree with    赞同; 同意
12. 　for fear of    唯恐;生怕13. 　contribute to    是……的原因;有助于;为……做贡献;为……捐款;为……撰稿14. 　in turn    依次;轮流;相应地;转而15. 　be impressed by    对……有深刻的好印象16. 　give way to    让步;让自己陷于(某种情绪等)17.out of place 　不得体;不适当    18.stick out 　醒目;突出;伸出    19.break with sth. 　与某事终止关联,破除    20.have an impact on 　对……有影响    21.rather than 　而不是    22.get across to 　被传达给……;被……理解    
23.in one's eyes 　在某人看来    24.familiarize oneself with 　使自己熟悉……    25.be rooted in 　由……产生;根源在于……    26.make allowance for 　体谅;考虑到,估计到    27.meet with 　遭遇;经历,体验    
Ⅲ.经典结构1.有时候读诗可能是一辈子的事情。Sometimes 　reading a poem     can be a lifelong job.2.只要读诗之旅能让你有所感悟,或者让你发现另一层含义,你的努力就是值得的。　As long as     the journey of poetry reading 　makes you feel     something or lets you perceive another level of meaning, it will have been worth your effort.3.那是一个许多画家、音乐家、小说家和诗人用新且不同的方式看待世界的时代。　It was a time when     many painters, musicians, novelists and poets looked at the world in new and different ways.
4.浪漫主义者的目标是破除18世纪的理想:他们拒绝遵循死板的规则,相反,他们把重点放在想象和感情、对自然的热爱和回归过去的重要性上。The aim of the Romantics was 　to break with     the ideals of the 18th century: they refused 　to follow rigid rules    ;instead, they put emphasis on the importance of imagination and feeling, the love of nature and a return to the past.5.但我知道路径延绵无尽头,恐怕我难以再回返。Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted 　if I should ever come back    .6.据信这首诗是李白少年时写的。　It is believed that     this poem was written by Li Bai in his teenage years.
7.这首早期的诗歌在表达方式上具有引人注目的想象力,如“恐惊天上人”,它已经显示出一种浪漫主义风格的迹象,这成为后来李白诗歌的特色。With striking imagination in expressions like “scaring dwellers on high”, this early poem already displayed signs of a romantic style, 　which was later to characterize Li Bai's poetry    .8.受对冒险和旅行的强烈渴望的驱使,李白在二十出头的时候离开了家,开始四处旅行。　Driven by a burning desire for adventure and travel    , Li Bai left home and started to travel around 　in his early twenties    .9.在旅途中,他游览了名山大川,见识了不同的风俗习惯。During his travels, he visited famous mountains and great rivers, 　encountering dif-ferent customs and practices    .
Ⅳ.长难句分析1.While you may ask “What does it mean?” as you begin reading a poem, it is bet-ter to ask “How does it sound?” 分析:本句是主从复合句。While you may ask...a poem是While引导的 　让步状语    从句,该从句也是主从复合句,其中as you begin reading a poem是as引导的     时间状语    从句;主句中it是 　形式    主语,真正的主语是 　to ask “How does it sound?”    。句意:尽管当你开始读一首诗的时候你可能会问“这是什么意思?”,但更好的是问“这听起来怎么样?”2.Even if its true meaning appears to be beyond your grasp, you can always say something about how the poem sounds when you read it aloud.分析:本句是主从复合句。Even if...beyond your grasp是Even if引导的 　让步状语    
从句;when you read it aloud是when引导的 　时间状语    从句;how the poem sounds是how引导的 　宾语    从句,作介词about的宾语。句意:即使你似乎无法理解它(诗歌)的真正含义,也总是可以说说这首诗在朗读时听起来如何。3.Given his personal experiences and the historical background, it is only natural to see that the majority of Li Bai's poems are characterized by the romantic style.分析:本句是主从复合句。that the majority of...the romantic style是that引导的     宾语    从句,作动词see的宾语;主句中it是 　形式    主语,真正的主语是 　to see that the majority of Li Bai's poems are characterized by the romantic style    ;Given his...background是介词短语作状语。句意:鉴于李白的个人经历和历史背景,可以很自然地看出他的大部分诗歌都具有浪漫主义风格。
Ⅴ.必备语法非谓语动词综述1.While you may ask “What does it mean?” as you begin reading a poem, it is bet-ter 　to ask     (ask) “How does it sound?”2.All of these are good qualities 　to notice    (notice), and they may lead you to a better understanding of the poem in the end.3.Read these lines, pay attention to the image of the caged bird and try 　to find     (find) out what it means.4.Poems that are easy to understand are often less 　interesting     (interest) than those that constantly reveal deeper and previously unrecognized meanings.5.The aim of the Romantics was 　to break    (break) with the ideals of the 18th cen-tury...
6.Romantic poets were often not 　pleased     (please) with what was happening in their country and they were not always 　interested     (interest) in the improvements in science.7.Instead, they advocated 　going     (go) back to nature.8.As a result, 　celebrating    (celebrate) the beauty of nature and country life became a common theme in Romantic poetry.  
  |frozen adj.结冰的,冰封的;冷冻的;冻僵的　　Hold fast to dreams　For when dreams go　Life is a barren fieldFrozen with snow.(教材P43)紧紧抓住梦想,因为梦想若是消丧,生命就像贫瘠的荒野,雪覆冰封,万物不再生长。
 情景导学(China Daily,2020年11月)Tianjin reported a confirmed case of COVID-19—a work-er at a local frozen food company.天津报告一例新冠肺炎确诊病例,患者是当地一家冷冻食品公司的一名工作人员。The seedling was frozen to death. 幼苗被冻死了。The temperature remained below freezing point all day.温度整天都在冰点以下。
 归纳拓展① 　freeze     v. (froze, frozen) (使)冻结,结冰;冰冻;(因恐惧、震惊而)呆住,僵住;(使)冻死②be 　frozen     to death 冻死③freezing adj.冰冻的;极冷的 adv.极冷地 n.冰点　freezing     point 冰点④freezer n.冰柜
易混辨析
 单句语法填空1-1 (2020 浙江,完形填空, )My heart 　froze     (freeze) in my chest as I saw the tractor heading towards the motorway.解析　考查时态。句意:当我看到拖拉机正朝着高速公路开去时,我的心都僵在胸口了。设空处表示的动作和句中saw同时发生,应用一般过去时。故填froze。1-2 (2018 课标全国Ⅱ,阅读理解B, )For this purpose, select ripe bananas for 　freezing     (freeze) as they are much sweeter.解析　考查非谓语动词。句意:为此,选择成熟的香蕉进行冷冻,因为它们甜得多。空前for是介词,其后应用动名词作宾语。故填freezing。1-3 (2018 课标全国Ⅱ,阅读理解B, ) 　Frozen     (freeze) bananas will last
several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the 　freezer     (freeze).解析　考查形容词和名词。句意:冷冻的香蕉可以保存几个星期,这取决于它们的成熟度和冰柜的温度。由设空处后的bananas可知此处应用形容词修饰,表示“冷冻的”;第二个空前是定冠词,其后应用名词,表示“冰柜”。故分别填Frozen和freezer。完成句子1-4 ( )昨晚气温降到了冰点。 The temperature dropped to 　freezing point     last night.1-5 ( )两个人在山上被冻死了。 Two men 　were frozen to death     on the mountain.
 |patience n.耐心,忍耐力　　Third, if you are still struggling to interpret the meaning of a poem even with much painstaking effort, just have some patience.(教材P45)第三,如果你甚至还在费尽心思去努力解释一首诗的意思,就耐心一点。 情景导学(China Daily,2020年12月)It's not surprising that a group of actors would lack pa-tience during filming.一群演员在拍摄过程中会缺乏耐心,这并不奇怪。We don't have the patience to hear such an empty talk.我们可没耐心去听这种空谈。The teacher had no/little patience with the less intelligent pupils.那位老师对不太聪明的学生没有/几乎没有耐心。
You'll have to be patient with my mother for she's going rather deaf. 你对我母亲得有耐心,因为她的耳朵越来越背了。 归纳拓展①patient adj.耐心的n.病人be patient 　with     对……有耐心②lack 　patience     缺乏耐心③lose patience(with...) (对……)失去耐心④have no/little 　patience     with 对……没有/几乎没有耐心⑤have the patience 　to do sth.    有耐心做某事⑥patiently adv.耐心地
单句语法填空2-1 (2020全国Ⅰ,短文改错, )After that I poured oil into a pan and turned on the stove. I waited 　patiently     (patient) until the oil was hot.解析　考查副词。句意:之后我把油倒进平底锅里,打开炉子,耐心地等到油烧热。waited是动词,应用副词修饰。故填patiently。2-2 (2020 江苏,阅读理解A, )The daily number of newly cured and discharged (出院) 　patients     (patient) exceeded that of the newly confirmed cases.解析　考查名词复数。句意:每日新治愈的和出院的病人的数量超过了新确诊病例的数量。根据句中The daily number of可知,此处应用名词的复数形式。故填patients。
2-3 (2019 江苏,完形填空, )With their 　patience     (patient) and efforts, they successfully developed a combination of artificial breeding (人工繁殖) and natural reproduction.解析　考查名词。句意:由于他们的耐心和努力,他们成功地将人工繁殖和自然繁殖结合起来。their是形容词性物主代词,其后应用名词。故填patience。完成句子2-4 (2020 江苏,阅读理解A, )武汉最后一名新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者出院了。　The last COVID-19 patient     in Wuhan was discharged from hospital.2-5 ( )他父亲对他没耐心。 His father 　was not patient with/had no patience with     him. 
 |reward vt.奖励,奖赏 n.奖励,回报;悬赏金　　This may seem difficult at first, but when you finally make your great discovery, your efforts will be rewarded.(教材P45)一开始这可能看起来很难,但当你最终有了重大发现时,你的努力会得到回报
的。 情景导学(China Daily,2020年11月)Online shows and livestream platforms should implement real-name management for their hosts and users keen on rewarding hosts.网络节目和网络直播平台要对主播和热衷于打赏主播的用户实行实名制管理。In some states of India, doctors are richly rewarded for serving in the rural areas.在印度的一些邦,医生在农村工作会得到丰厚的报酬。
Whenever they responded correctly, they were rewarded with fish. 每当他们回答正确,他们都会得到鱼作为奖励。He will get some reward after working so hard.他工作很努力,将会得到一些奖励。 归纳拓展
①rewarding adj.报酬高的;有益的;值得做的②be rewarded 　with     获得……的奖赏;得到……的回报③be rewarded 　for     因……而得到报酬易混辨析
单句语法填空3-1 (2020 浙江,阅读理解B, )It is 　rewarding     (reward) to try new things.解析　考查形容词。句意:尝试新事物是值得做的。分析句子结构可知,此处应用形容词作表语。故填rewarding。3-2 (2020 江苏,完形填空, )Wilson received several international 　awards     (award) for his great contributions.解析　考查名词复数。句意:威尔逊因为他的伟大贡献而获得了几个国际奖项。由several可知,此处应用名词的复数形式。故填awards。完成句子3-3 (2020 北京,阅读理解A, )你会发现跟Lancom学习很值得。You will 　find it very rewarding     to learn with Lancom.
3-4 (2019课标全国Ⅰ,阅读理解A, )暑期公司为学生提供商业实践培训和高达3,000美元的奖金来创办并经营他们自己的暑假公司。Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and 　awards of up to     $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.3-5 (2017江苏,阅读理解B, )此外,这个团队还进行了一个单独的实验,这个实验表明模仿它们的妈妈的叫声最像的幼鸟被奖励最多的食物。In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom's voice 　were rewarded with the most food    .3-6 (2016江苏,阅读理解D, )她因她的努力而大获奖励。She was highly 　rewarded for her efforts    .
　　The aim of the Romantics was to break with the ideals of the 18th century...(教材P48)浪漫主义者的目的是破除18世纪的理想…… 情景导学(China Daily,2020年11月)The combination of orbiter and returner will then depart the lunar orbit and return to Earth's orbit, where the pair will break up.然后轨返组合体将离开月球轨道,返回地球轨道,在那里这一对将实施分离。The car broke down on the way. 汽车在路上出了故障。Don't break in when he is telling the story.他讲故事的时候别打断他。Last night a burglar broke into my house.昨天夜里一个窃贼闯入我的家。
|break with sth.与某事终止关联,破除
Influenza usually breaks out in winter. 流感通常在冬天暴发。The meeting didn't break up until eleven o'clock last night.昨晚的会议直到十一点才散会。 归纳拓展①break 　in     打断②break 　into     强行闯入……③break 　down     (使)分解;出故障;垮掉④break through突破;冲破⑤break 　out     爆发;突然开始⑥break up打散,拆开;关闭;散开;结束
单句语法填空4-1 (2020北京,语法填空B改编, )It takes single-use plastic bags hundreds of years to break 　down    .解析　考查固定短语。句意:一次性使用的塑料袋需要数百年才能分解。根据句意可知,此处意为“分解”。故填down。4-2 (2017 江苏,阅读理解C, )Breaking 　up     firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time, one of them would become great again.解析　考查固定短语。句意:将像谷歌这样的公司拆分成五个小公司不会停止它们的自我重塑: 假以时日,其中一个将再次成为大公司。根据句意可知,此处意为“拆开”。故填up。
4-3 (2017 浙江,完形填空, )Her friends came to help her when the war broke 　out    .解析　考查固定短语。句意:战争爆发时,她的朋友们来帮助她。根据句意可知,此处意为“爆发”。故填out。完成句子4-4 (2018 北京,阅读理解C, )这些幼虫消耗并分解了大约92毫克,相当于差不多它(袋子重量)的3%。The worms consumed and 　broke down     about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it.4-5 (2017 江苏,阅读理解C改编, )为什么有要求拆分科技巨头的呼声?Why is there a call 　to break up     tech giants? 
|belief n.看法,信念;信仰;相信,信心　　The poets also wrote about individual feelings and beliefs.(教材P48)诗人也写到了个人的感受和信仰。 情景导学
(BBC改编,2020年10月)This could be due to a belief that the more we share our own negative experiences, the more easily we attract them.这可能是因为我们认为,我们越多地分享自己的消极经历,就越容易引起它们。We believe in his ability. 我们相信他的才干。Believe it or not, we were left waiting in the rain for two hours.信不信由你,我们被留在雨中等了两个小时。It is generally believed that seeing is believing.人们普遍认为眼见为实。
The reason that he told me for his absence did not sound believable. 他告诉我的他缺席的原因听上去不可信。The story of his miseries is beyond belief.他的悲惨身世令人难以相信。
I have complete belief in my friends.对我的朋友我是完全有信心的。 归纳拓展①believe v.相信;认为真实believe 　in     相信;信任;认为……好(或对、可接受)believe it or not 信不信由你It is believed that...人们认为……;据信……
② 　beyond     belief令人难以置信the belief 　in    对……的信心a belief that... 认为……③ 　believable     adj.可信的单句语法填空5-1 (2020 江苏,任务型阅读, )Some people—and I was one of them— 　believe     (belief) that humorous complaints about the little problems of life make humor, and sometimes that is the case.解析　考查动词。句意:有些人——我就是其中之一——认为,幽默地抱怨生活中的小问题可以制造幽默,有时情况确实如此。根据句子结构和句意可知,此处是谓语动词,且应用一般现在时。故填believe。
5-2 (2020 北京,七选五, )They tend to believe 　in     themselves and in what they do.解析　考查固定短语。句意:他们倾向于相信自己,相信他们做的事情。根据句意可知,此处应用believe in,表示“相信,信任”。故填in。5-3 (2019 课标全国Ⅰ,语法填空, )In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief 　that     populations are increasing.解析　考查同位语从句。句意:近年来,Nunavut的一些因纽特人报告说,在人类居住区附近看到熊的次数有所增加,这使人们认为(熊的)数量在增加。belief后面的内容成分完整,结合语境可知这里为同位语从句,用that引导。
5-4 (2019 江苏,阅读理解C, )This belief 　in     “post-industrial society” has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector (制造业) with negative consequences for their economies.解析　考查固定搭配。句意:这种对“后工业社会”的信心导致那些国家忽视了本国的制造业,对本国经济造成了坏的结果。根据句意和句子结构可知,此处应用固定搭配belief in,意为“对……的信心”。故填in。完成句子5-5 (2020 天津,完形填空, )这位女士每天早上都会接到一个陌生人的电话,这个人最终让她相信他是她的朋友,然后她借给他大约31,000英镑。The lady would get a call from a stranger every morning who eventually 　made her believe that     he was her friend, and then she lent him about ￡31,000.
 |claim n.声明,宣称;所有权;索赔vt.宣称,声称;要求;索取;获得　　Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim, Be-cause it was grassy and wanted wear...(教材P50)但我却选了另外一条路,它荒草萋萋,十分幽寂,显得更诱人、更美丽…… 情景导学(China Daily,2020年12月)Coca-Cola said it was working to address packaging waste, in partnership with others, and disputed the claim that it was making no progress.可口可乐表示它正在与其他机构合作设法解决包装废料问题,并对零进展的断言提出了异议。If the land really belongs to you, why don't you lay claim to it?如果这块地真的属于你,为什么你不据理力争呢?
You should not claim to be an expert.你不应该自称专家。They intend to put in a claim for damages from the three doctors.他们打算向那三位医生提出索要损害赔偿金的要求。 归纳拓展①claim 　to do     sth.声称做某事claim(that)...宣称……It is claimed that...据宣称……claim back索回②lay claim 　to     提出对……的所有权put 　in     a claim for提出索赔……的要求make a claim 索赔a/the claim that...声称……;……的断言
单句语法填空6-1 (2020 全国新高考Ⅰ,听力, )Well, it's from London Week, which claims     to be     (be) the only newspaper for visitors to London.解析　考查固定搭配。分析句子结构可知,此处应用固定搭配claim to be...,意为“声称是……”。故填to be。6-2 (2020 北京,阅读理解A, )Lancom claims 　that     it is unique in its per-sonalised courses.解析　考查宾语从句。句意:Lancom声称,它的个性化课程是独一无二的。设空处后面内容的成分是完整的,由句意可知设空处引导宾语从句,故用that。
完成句子6-3 (2016 江苏,任务型阅读, )互联网使我们能够与许多其他人交换意见,以核实我们的断言,并判断我们的行为。The Internet enables us to exchange ideas with many others 　to check our claims    , and to judge our actions.6-4 ( ) 当他们造成事故,他们可以被追踪,也许有机会索赔。 When they cause an accident, they can be traced and there might be 　an opportuni-ty to claim    . 
|tolerant adj.宽容的,容忍的;能耐……的　　This open and tolerant atmosphere allowed Li Bai the liberty to develop a free and unconstrained personality, which, in turn, had a huge impact on his poetic pro-duction. (教材P54)
这种开放、宽容的氛围使李白得以自由地养成了一种随性、无拘无束的个性,这转而对他的诗歌创作产生了巨大的影响。 情景导学He can't tolerate being laughed at.他忍受不了被嘲笑。He was tolerant of/towards different views.他容许有不同的意见。
(China Daily改编,2020年9月)In the comment section of the article, netizens call for the platforms and users to have more understanding and tolerance of/for deliverymen. 在文章的评论区,网友要求平台和用户给予外卖小哥更多的理解和宽容。 归纳拓展①tolerance n.忍受;容忍;忍耐力tolerance 　of/for    ...对……的容忍/宽容tolerance to sth.对……的忍耐力②be tolerant 　of/towards    ...容忍……③tolerate 　doing     sth.容许做某事(常用于否定句)
单句语法填空7-1 (2018 北京,七选五, )People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset 　tolerance     (tolerant) are much more likely to get angry.解析　考查名词。句意:有与好胜和低沮丧忍耐力相关的个人性格特点的人更容易生气。这里指忍耐力,应用名词。故填tolerance。7-2 ( )Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase,she gave him a     tolerant     (tolerance) smile and let him go.解析　考查形容词。句意:她没有责备打碎花瓶的孩子,而是给了他一个宽容的微笑,让他走了。smile是名词,应用形容词修饰。故填tolerant。
完成句子7-3 (2016北京,七选五, )随着冒险精神的代代相传,人类最终拥有了一种冒险意识和对风险的承受能力。 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and 　a tolerance for/to risk    . 
 |distinguish vt. & vi.成为……的特征,使有别于;区分,辨别;认出;使出众　　Equally impressive is Li Bai's free expression of strong feelings, which breathes vitality into the lifeless objects he describes, and which distinguishes him from other landscape poets. (教材P54)同样令人印象深刻的是李白强烈情感的自由抒发,这为他笔下的无生命的事物注入了活力,使他有别于其他山水诗人。 情景导学(China Daily,2020年10月)The device was able to detect the novel coronavirus and distinguish it from other viruses with high accuracy, the researchers said. 研究人员称,该设备能够检测新冠病毒,并将它与其他病毒区分开,精确度很高。
We can distinguish between gold and silver.我们能区分金和银。Those figures are not easily distinguishable.那些图形不易区别。The scientist is distinguished in many areas of knowledge.这位科学家在许多知识领域中都是杰出的。 归纳拓展①distinguishable adj.可区别的;可辨别的②distinguished adj.卓越的;杰出的③distinguish... 　from    ...把……与……区分开distinguish 　between    ...and...辨别/区分……和……之间的不同
单句语法填空8-1 (2018 浙江,阅读理解A, )No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambi-tion, energy and luck made Dickens such a 　distinguished     (distinguish) writer.解析　考查形容词。句意:没有人会知道是什么样的天赋、野心、精力和运气的结合,使狄更斯成为如此杰出的作家。writer是名词,应用形容词修饰,且意为“杰出的”。故填distinguished。8-2 ( )It also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact 　from     opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence.解析　考查介词。句意:它还包括相关的技能,例如区分事实和意见,以及评估证据的可靠性。distinguish...from...把……与……区分开。故填from。
完成句子8-3 (2017江苏,阅读理解B, )它们甚至可以区分开它们妈妈的叫声和陌生雌鸟的叫声。They can even 　distinguish their mother's voice from     that of a female stranger.8-4 ( )我们几乎分辨不出风筝上橙色的斑点。We could hardly 　distinguish the orange-colored spots     of the kites.8-5 ( )区分研究报告和公共卫生建议。　Distinguish between     research reports 　and     public health advice. 
 |owe vt.欠(情);欠(债)
　　Generations of poets, both in China and abroad,owe a debt to his inspirational poems. (教材P54) 无论是国内还是国外,一代又一代的诗人都受到他的诗的启发。 情景导学I owe a debt of gratitude to Joyce Thompson, whose research was of great help.我很感谢乔伊斯·汤普森,他的研究给了我极大的帮助。Owing to his hard work, he passed the exam.由于他的努力,他通过了考试。 归纳拓展①owing 　to    由于,因为②owe sth. 　to    sb.=owe sb. sth.把某物归功于某人;欠某人某物
单句语法填空9-1 (2018 北京,阅读理解A, )A man owes his success 　to     his family sup-port.解析　考查介词。句意:一个男人把他的成功归功于家庭的支持。根据句意可知,此处应用固定短语owe...to...,意为“把……归功于……”。故填to。9-2 (2017 天津,书面表达, )Meanwhile, 　owing     (owe) to my great interest in sports, I pay close attention to the 13th National Games to be held in Tianjin at the end of August.解析　考查固定短语。句意:同时,由于我对体育运动的浓厚兴趣,我密切关注八月底将在天津举行的第十三届全运会。根据句意可知,此处应用固定短语owing to,意为“由于”。故填owing。
完成句子9-3 ( )“我想或许我们欠你一个道歉,”她说。“I think maybe we 　owe you an apology    ,” she said. 
|blame vt.把……归咎于,责怪,指责 n.责任,责备,指责　　If you can keep your head when all about you　Are losing theirs and blaming it on you... (教材P55) 如果周围的人毫无理性地向你发难,你仍然能镇定自若,保持冷静…… 情景导学The driver was not to blame for the accident.这次事故不是司机的责任。She blamed him for the failure of their marriage.她把婚姻的失败归咎于他。We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.我们准备对所发生的事承担责任。
It was wrong of you to put the blame for the mistake on him.你把过错归咎于他是不对的。 归纳拓展①sb. be 　to     blame (for sth.) 某人(对某事)负有责任②blame sb. 　for     sth.因某事责怪某人blame sth. on sb.把某事归咎于某人③lay/put the blame (for sth.) 　on     sb./sth.(把某事)归咎于某人/某物take/accept/shoulder the blame 　for     sth.为某事承担责任
单句语法填空10-1 (2018 江苏,阅读理解D, )Some social app companies were 　to blame     (blame) because they didn't adequately check their users' registration.解析　考查固定用法。句意:一些社交应用程序公司应该负责,因为他们没有充分检查用户的注册。be to blame (for...)是固定用法,意为“(对……)负有责任”。故填to blame。10-2 (2017 课标全国Ⅲ,七选五, )Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame 　on     the alarm clock.解析　考查介词。句意:很多人发现早上起床很难,并且把责任推到闹钟上。put the blame on sth.,意为“把责任推到某物身上”。故填on。
10-3 (2016 课标全国Ⅲ,完形填空, )We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player, but I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame 　for     Miller's accident.解析　考查介词。句意:我们10胜1负,我被评为最有价值的球员,但我经常做疯狂的梦,梦到我要为米勒的事故负责。sb. be to blame for sth.意为“某人对某事负有责任”。故填for。完成句子10-4 ( )我们往往把其实不是电视引起的问题归咎于电视,忽视了我们自己在塑造孩子的思维中的作用。We tend to 　blame TV for problems     it doesn‘t really cause, overlooking our own roles in shaping children’s minds.
 |as if引导的从句　　Second, approach the poem as if you were an explorer in an unfamiliar land-scape.(教材P44)
第二,接近这首诗,就好像你是一个在陌生的风景中的探险家。 情景导学They completely ignore these facts as if/as though they never existed.他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它们从来没有存在过。(与现在的事实相反)He looked as if/as though he had been hit by lightning.他那样子就像被闪电击了似的。(与过去的事实相反)He opened his mouth as if he would say something.他张开嘴好像要说什么。(与将来的事实相反)
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大,从句用陈述语气)He stared at me as if seeing me for the first time.他目不转睛地看着我,就像第一次看见我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something.他清了清嗓子,好像要说什么似的。 归纳拓展①as if一般可由as though来代替,两者的意义和用法相同,可引导方式状语从句,也可在look、seem等系动词后引导 　表语    从句,常译作“仿佛……,好像……”。
②as if引导的从句多用 　虚拟    语气,表示与事实相反。表示与现在的事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词常用were);表示与过去的事实相反,谓语动词用“had+过去分词”;表示与将来的事实相反,谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。有时也用 　陈述    语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。③as if 引导的从句中谓语含有be动词,主语又和主句的主语一致,或其主语是it,那么从句中的主语和be动词往往可以省略。
 单句语法填空1-1 (2016 江苏,任务型阅读, )More generally, the Internet functions as if it     were     (be) my memory.解析　考查as if引导的从句。句意:更广泛地来说,互联网起的作用就像是我的记忆一样。as if引导方式状语从句,表示和现在的事实相反,谓语应用一般过去时,be动词常用were。故填were。1-2 ( )Papa was thinking about what was said, as if the salvation (拯救) of the world 　would depend     (depend) upon it.解析　考查as if引导的从句。句意:爸爸在想刚才说的话,好像世界的拯救就靠它了。as if引导方式状语从句,表示和将来的事实相反,谓语应用“would+动词原形”。故填would depend。
1-3 ( )You can brush with the Kolibree as if 　guided     (guide) by a dentist.解析　考查as if从句的省略。句意:你用Kolibree电动牙刷刷牙就像在牙医的指导下一样。此处是as if从句的省略,省略了“you were”,guide与其逻辑主语you之间是被动关系,应用过去分词。故填guided。完成句子1-4 (2017课标全国Ⅰ,语法填空, )当食物中的脂肪和盐被去除后,食物尝起来就像缺少了什么。 When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes as if it 　is missing some-thing    .
1-5 (2017 北京,阅读理解D, )其他人说我们就可以“关掉它们”,好像超级智能机器蠢到连那种可能都想不到似的。 Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines 　are too stupid to think of     that possibility.1-6 ( )我们照亮了夜晚,仿佛这是一个无人居住的国家,然而事实却远非如此。 We've lit up the night as if it 　were an unoccupied country    , when nothing could be further from the truth.1-7 ( )一旦我离开了她的生活,就好像我从未出生过一样。 Once I was out of her life,it was as if I 　had never been born    . 
. |doubt if...怀疑……是否……　　Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back.
(教材P50)但我知道路径延绵无尽头,恐怕我难以再回返。 情景导学There is no doubt that you will benefit from its development.毫无疑问,你会从它的发展中受益。I don't doubt that he can finish the task on time.我肯定他能按时完成任务。I doubt whether/if they can swim across the river.我怀疑他们能否游过河去。When in doubt, give us a call.当有疑问的时候,给我们打个电话。
 归纳拓展
①There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……,doubt是名词,that从句为 　同位语    从句,解释说明doubt的内容。②doubt作动词后接宾语从句时,要注意:主句为肯定句时,宾语从句常用   whether    或 　if    引导;主句为否定句或疑问句时,宾语从句常用 　that    引导。③have doubt(s) about...对……有疑问④此外,还要注意以下搭配: 　in     doubt怀疑,不确定;no doubt无疑,确实地;with-out/beyond doubt毫无疑问,的确。
单句语法填空2-1 (2019北京,阅读理解C, )In the near future, it's not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be 　in     doubt.解析　考查固定短语。句意:在不久的将来,不仅仅是你在屏幕上看到的数字将会有疑问。固定短语in doubt,意为“怀疑,不确定”。故填in。
完成句子2-2 (2020全国Ⅱ,阅读理解C, )他说让人们相信海狸鼠的皮毛是环保的不容易,但他对此毫不怀疑。 He says it‘s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he 　has no doubt     about it.
2-3 (2018 江苏,书面表达, )毫无疑问,完全依赖消费评级是不明智的。　There is no doubt that    it is unwise to depend completely on the ratings in con-sumption.2-4 (2018 江苏,任务型阅读, )这个剧院无疑为这个地区的发展和经济增长做出了贡献。　No doubt    the theater has contributed to the area's development and economic growth.
 |given结构Given his personal experiences and the historical background, it is only natural to see that the majority of Li Bai's poems are characterized by the romantic style. (教材P54)鉴于李白的个人经历和历史背景,很自然地看出他的大部分诗歌都具有浪漫主义风格。 情景导学(The World of English,2020年12月)Given those categories, both machines and for-eign listeners were able to pick out a song's purpose in further tests.鉴于那些种类,机器和外国听众都能在进一步测试中分辨出歌曲的目的。Given his age, he did it quite well.考虑到他的年龄,他做得相当好。
Given her interest in children/Given that she is interested in children, I am sure teach-ing is the right career for her.考虑到她对孩子感兴趣,我肯定教书是最适合她的职业。 归纳拓展①given用作介词时,后接名词或代词,意为“ 　考虑到    ,鉴于”。②given后也可接 　that    ,作连词,引导状语从句。
完成句子3-1 (2020全国Ⅲ,书面表达, )鉴于您繁忙的日程安排,如果您能提供一些专业建议,我会非常感激。　Given your busy schedule    , I'd be very appreciative if you offer to give some pro-fessional advice.3-2 (2018 江苏,阅读理解B, )可以得出这样的结论,鉴于它们是能赚钱的,餐
馆经营者不需要“过于担心‘糟糕的’餐桌位置”。It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about ‘bad’ tables,” 　given that     they‘re profitable.
3-3 ( )鉴于涉及的敏感之处,所有的信息都应该是可得到的,这样人们就可以得出自己的结论,而不是存有猜疑,认为事实正被政治信仰所取代。　Given the sensitivities     involved, all the information should be available so that people can reach their own conclusions, rather than being left with the suspicion(猜疑) that facts are being replaced by political beliefs. 
 非谓语动词综述　　非谓语动词通常指动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式。非谓语动词
不能独立作谓语,但可以作句子的其他成分。
1.非谓语动词作主语:动词不定式与动词-ing形式 观察Collecting stamps is my hobby. 集邮是我的爱好。To collect stamps is my hobby.=It is my hobby to collect stamps. 集邮是我的爱好。归纳动词不定式和动词-ing形式都可以在句中作主语。较长的不定式作主语时常用形式主语①　it    代替,将真正的主语置于句末。观察It is no use complaining. 抱怨没有用。It is no good pretending to know what you do not know.不懂装懂没好处。
归纳动词-ing形式作主语时也可用②　形式主语    it代替,将真正的主语置于句末。2.非谓语动词作宾语:动词不定式与动词-ing形式观察Mike offered to help me. 迈克主动帮我。Tom promised to go with me. 汤姆答应和我一起去。归纳在afford、agree、arrange、choose、claim、desire、expect、fail、hope、in-tend、offer、pretend、promise、refuse、wish等动词后,常接③　动词不定式    作宾语。观察I considered going to see him in person.
我考虑过亲自去见他。Everyone burst out laughing. 大家突然笑了起来。归纳在admit、avoid、consider、deny、enjoy、finish、practise、suggest等动词以及burst out、give up、insist on、keep on、put off等短语后,常接④　动词-ing形式作宾语。观察I like singing.=I like to sing. 我喜欢唱歌。It started raining.=It started to rain. 开始下雨了。归纳在like、love、begin、start等动词后,既可以接⑤　动词不定式    作宾语,也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语,二者区别不大,常可以交换使用。
观察  归纳在remember、forget、regret、try、mean等动词后,既可以接动词不定式作宾语,也可以接⑥　动词-ing形式    作宾语,但二者意义不同。观察How about coming with us? 和我们一起来怎么样?归纳介词后一般只接⑦　动词-ing形式    作宾语。
3.非谓语动词作表语:动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式观察My purpose is to help them. 我的目的是帮助他们。My hope is for all members to come together.我希望所有的成员一起来。All I did was (to) give him a little push.我只是轻轻地推了他一下。归纳动词不定式可以在句中作表语,说明主语的内容、目的等,动词不定式可以带逻辑主语。当主语部分含有动词do的某种形式时,动词不定式的⑧　to    可以省略。
观察The book was so interesting that he almost forgot the time.这本书太有趣了以至于他几乎忘了时间。He is very concerned with the matter. 他很关心这件事。This is asking for trouble. 这是自找麻烦。归纳动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式可以在句中用作⑨　表语    ,说明主语的特征或者状态,动词-ing形式还可以表示主语的内容(此时为动名词)。4.非谓语动词作定语:动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式观察I have a meeting to attend tomorrow. 我明天有个会要参加。The boy standing there is my friend.站在那里的男孩是我的朋友。
Jack cleared the fallen leaves on the ground.杰克清理了地上的落叶。Many students like to read novels written in English.许多学生喜欢读用英语写的小说。归纳动词不定式作定语常表示⑩　将要    发生的事,动词-ing形式作定语常表示     正在    发生的事,动词-ed形式作定语常表示 　已经    发生的事或被动意义。观察The building to be built in the square will be a new library.广场上要建的建筑物将是一个新的图书馆。Do you see the house being built over there?你看到那边正在建的房子了吗?
归纳动词不定式和动词-ing形式作定语时可以有 　被动    形式。5.非谓语动词作状语:动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式观察Susan came to see me. 苏珊来看我。She lived to be one hundred. 她活到了一百岁。I sat there waiting for him. 我坐在那里等他。Deeply moved, I decided to follow his example.深受感动,我决定以他为榜样。归纳动词不定式作状语可以表示 　目的    或者结果,动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、伴随等意义。
观察She was in the kitchen preparing dinner.她在厨房准备晚餐。Compared with you, we still have a long way to go.和你相比,我们还有很长的路要走。归纳动词-ing形式具有 　主动    意义,动词-ed形式具有被动意义。观察Having finished their work, they had a good rest.完成工作后,他们好好休息了一下。归纳动词-ing形式作状语可用 　完成式    ,表示该动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前已经发生。
6.非谓语动词作补足语:动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式观察We can always expect him to help us.我们总能指望他帮助我们。He warned us to be careful. 他警告我们要小心。归纳在expect、forbid、force、order、permit、require、warn等动词后,常接“名词/代词+ 　动词不定式    ”结构,动词不定式作补足语。观察I saw him cross the street, and enter a shop.我看见他穿过那条街,走进一家商店。
I saw him crossing the street. 我看见他正在穿过那条街。归纳在see、hear、notice、watch、feel等动词后,可以接 　不带to的动词不定式    作补足语,表示动作的整个过程;也可以接 　动词-ing形式    作补足语,表示动作正在进行。观察How would you like your hair cut? 你想剪什么样的发型?We must get our work finished by 10 o'clock.我们必须在10点前完成我们的工作。归纳 　动词-ed形式    作补足语常表示被动意义。 
单句语法填空1.(2020全国Ⅰ,阅读理解C, )In fact, anyone 　wishing     (wish) to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique.解析　考查非谓语动词。句意:事实上,任何想要尝试竞走的人或许应该首先咨询一位教练或者有经验的参赛者来学习正确的技术。根据句意和句子结构可知,此处应用动词-ing形式作定语。故填wishing。
2.(2020全国Ⅰ,阅读理解D, )The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them 　to perform/performing     (perform) diverse, even unusual functions.
解析　考查非谓语动词。句意:麻省理工学院的工程师们已经更进一步——改变了植物的实际组成,以使它们发挥多种、甚至不同寻常的功能。此处可用动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。故填to perform或performing。3.(2020全国Ⅰ,阅读理解D, )These include plants that have sensors 　printed     (print) onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.解析　考查非谓语动词。句意:这些包括在叶子上印有传感器以显示它们什么时候缺水的植物,和一种可以检测地下水中的有害化学物质的植物。根据句意和句子结构可知,print与其逻辑主语sensors之间是被动关系,设空处作sensors的定语,应用动词-ed形式。故填printed。
4.(2020全国Ⅰ,完形填空, )Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept 　telling     (tell) them that our sliding glass door is just a window.解析　考查非谓语动词。句意:自从我们的双胞胎开始学走路,我和我妻子就一直告诉他们,我们的滑动玻璃门只是一扇窗户。根据句意和句子结构可知,此处应用动词-ing形式作动词keep的宾语。故填telling。5.(2020全国Ⅰ,完形填空, )If we admit it is a door, they'll want 　to go     (go) outside constantly.解析　考查非谓语动词。句意:如果我们承认这是一扇门,他们会想要经常出去。根据句意和句子结构可知,此处应用动词不定式作动词want的宾语。故填to go。
6.(2020全国Ⅰ,完形填空, )But our insisting it's merely a window has kept them from attempting millions of requests 　to open     (open) the door.解析　考查非谓语动词。句意:但我们坚持说这只是一扇窗阻止了他们试图打开这扇门的无数次请求。根据句意和句子结构可知,此处应用动词不定式作定语,修饰requests。故填to open。
7.(2020全国Ⅰ,语法填空, )China has become the first country 　to land     (land) a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.解析　考查非谓语动词。句意:中国成为第一个让宇宙飞船在月球背面着陆的国家。根据句意和句子结构可知,此处应用动词不定式作定语,修饰the first coun-try。故填to land。
8.(2020全国Ⅰ,语法填空, )Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4 　to find     (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.解析　考查非谓语动词。句意:中国研究人员希望利用嫦娥四号上的仪器发现和研究南极-艾托肯盆地的区域。此处表示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。9.(2020全国Ⅱ,阅读理解C, )Scientists in Louisiana were so 　concerned     (concern) that they decided to pay hunters $ 5 a tail.
解析　考查非谓语动词。句意:路易斯安那州的科学家非常担心,他们决定每条尾巴付给猎人5美元。根据句意和句子结构可知,此处应用动词-ed形式作表语,表示“(人)感到担心的”。故填concerned。
10.(2020全国Ⅱ,阅读理解C, )Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton's job these days is trying 　to promote     (promote) fur.解析　考查非谓语动词。句意:猎人们每年引入超过30万条海狸鼠尾巴,所以这些天Mouton的部分工作就是努力推销皮毛。根据句意和句子结构可知,此处应用动词不定式作宾语,try to do sth.意为“努力做某事”。故填to promote。11.(2020全国Ⅱ,阅读理解C, )Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while 　to come     (come) around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her cre-ations is morally acceptable.解析　考查非谓语动词。句意:设计师珍妮弗·安德森承认,她花了一段时间才转变观点,认为在她的作品中使用海狸鼠皮毛在道德上是可以接受的。根据句子结构可知,此处是固定句型“it takes sb. some time to do sth.”,it是形式主语,动词不定式是真正的主语。故填to come。
12.(2020全国Ⅱ,语法填空, )They make great gifts and you see them many times 　decorated     (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.解析　考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会看到它们被红包和好运的信息装饰着。根据前面的you see them可判断设空处为非谓语动词,them与decorate之间为被动关系,应用过去分词作宾语补足语,故填decorated。完成句子13.(2020全国Ⅰ,阅读理解D, )我们正在考虑如何改变植物的基因结构来替代我们每天使用的东西的功能。We're thinking about how we can engineer plants 　to replace functions     of the things that we use every day.
14.(2020全国Ⅰ,七选五改编, )开始训练你的大脑先看到优点后看到缺点。Begin to train your brain 　to look at the strength     before the weakness.15.(2020全国Ⅰ,完形填空, )然后当他们在生活中遇到其他门时,不管是真实的还是隐喻的,他们都会毫不犹豫地打开它们,走过去。Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won't 　hesitate to open     them and walk through.16.(2020全国Ⅰ,语法填空, )这意味着我们有机会获得关于月球是如何被构造的信息。It means we have the chance 　to obtain information     about how the moon is con-structed.
17.(2020全国Ⅱ,阅读理解B, )收入较高的父母倾向于让孩子更频繁地玩益智游戏,玩益智游戏的男孩和女孩的空间技能也都更好。Higher-income parents tended 　to have children play     with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.18.(2020全国Ⅱ,阅读理解D改编, )在当地的图书馆我的孩子们可以挑选要读的书或者他们想让我读给他们听的书。In the local library, my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me     to read to them    .19.(2020全国Ⅱ,阅读理解D, )现在,我看到我的孩子们带着他们的孩子去图书馆,去图书馆的兴奋感代代相传,我很喜欢。Now, I see my children 　taking their children     to the library and I love that the ex-citement of going to the library lives on from generation to generation.
20.(2020全国Ⅱ,阅读理解D, )我鼓励读者在买不起书的时候去当地的图书馆。I encourage readers 　to go to     their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book.21.(2020全国Ⅱ,七选五, )表情符号可以帮助交流让人感觉更友好,甚至一个严肃的文件也可以通过一个鼓励性的微笑变得温和。Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with 　an encouraging smile    .22.(2020全国Ⅱ,七选五, )当你的员工开始在他们的商务交流中添加微笑表情符号时,你就知道你已经成功地改善了你的工作文化。And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communica-tion, you'll know you have succeeded in 　improving your work culture    .
23.(2020全国Ⅱ,七选五, )向同事发送笑脸可能看起来很奇怪。　Sending smiling faces    to colleagues may seem strange.24.(2020全国Ⅱ,七选五, )给员工工具使他们能够诚实地交流。Giving employees the tools enables them 　to communicate honestly    .25.(2020全国Ⅱ,七选五, )一个把所有年代的工作人员聚集起来的简单方法是用一个聊天平台。An easy way 　to bring all work generations     together is with a chat platform.