2021_2022学年新教材高中英语语法精讲3关系代词引导的限制性定语从句课件+学案译林版必修第一册

关系代词引导的限制性定语从句

1．限制性定语从句

概述：在复合句中作定语，修饰主句或主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。限制性定语从句是定语从句的分支。限制性定语从句表现为在意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，若省略，所修饰主句的内容就不完整或失去意义，和主句的关系十分密切，不可用逗号分开。先行词是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词；关系词是引导定语从句的词，并代替先行词在从句中作一定的句子成分。

构成：

2．定语从句的先行词及关系代词

先行词是定语从句修饰和限定的成分，从构成上而言，它可以是名词、代词、名词性短语和整个主句；从句子成分上而言，它可以是主句的主语、宾语、表语、补语和整个主句。

关系代词及其具体功用：

❶God helps those who/that help themselves.

上帝帮助自强的人。

❷This is the factory which/that we once visited.

这是我们曾经参观过的工厂。

❸There came a lot of children, most of whom I didn't know.

来了许多孩子，大多数我都不认识。

❹That's the man whose house has burned down.

那就是那个房屋被烧毁的人。

[误区警示]

(1)在定语从句中作动词宾语时或介词后用whom，不用who，口语中whom前无介词时可用that或who代替。

(2)关系代词在从句中作宾语时，通常可以省略。

❺The man (whom/who/that) you saw just now is our manager.

你刚才看见的男子是我们的经理。

(3)whose既可以指人也可以指物，既可以说“某人的”，也可以说“某物的”。

❻I don't want to pay for the book whose cover is lost.

我不想为这本没有封面的书付款。

  即学即练1　观察定语从句体会其作用

1．Do you know the man that/who is waiting outside?

2．He showed me the photos (that/which) he took on his trip to Xi'an.

3．Simon is the poor man whose car has been stolen.

①例句1中的黑体词在定语从句中作________，不可省略。

②例句2中的黑体词在定语从句中作________，可以省略。

③例句3中的黑体词在定语从句中作________。

找出下列定语从句中的先行词

④Is this the book which your father bought for you？________________

⑤Who is the man that is speaking to your mother？________________

⑥They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.________________

用定语从句合并句子

⑦This is the house. Lu Xun once lived in the house.

→This is the house ________________________.

⑧The boy is Tom. The boy is studying in the classroom.

→The boy ________________________ is Tom.

单句语法填空

⑨—Do you know everyone ________ came to the party?

—No, I don't know the one ________  you had a long talk with.

⑩I admire my classmates ________ English is good.

⑪The report ________ will be given tomorrow is important to us.

3．关系代词that与which的区别

用that而不用which的情况

(1)先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰。

(2)先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被其修饰。

(3)先行词前有the very, the only等修饰。

(4)先行词既有人也有物。

(5)先行词前有疑问代词which时。

(6)there be句型中，句子的主语是先行词而且又是指物的名词。

(7)先行词为主句的表语或关系代词在从句中作表语。

用which的情况

(1)引导非限制性定语从句。(先行词和后面的定语从句被逗号隔开)

❶Paper­cutting, which is a traditional art form in our country, dates from the Han Dynasty.

剪纸可追溯到汉朝，它是我们国家的传统艺术形式。

(2)在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时。

❷This is the book for which I paid five dollars.

这就是我花5美元买的那本书。

[学法点拨]

学习语法(定语从句)时，我们不要为太多的规则所累，要学会抓住其核心知识，如关系代词that和which的区别，我们不难发现，that的用法多于which，因此我们只要谨记which的特殊用法，自然就不会用错。

  即学即练2　单句语法填空

①Is there anything ________ I can do for you?

②I like the very method ________ she uses to learn English.

③Who was the woman ________ you were talking with?

④Maybe you have a habit ________ is driving your family crazy.

⑤In the end, she decided to sell the house ________ windows were almost all broken.

⑥This is the most interesting story ________ I have ever read.

⑦I'm really interested in all ________  you have said.

⑧Here is the book about ________ I told you yesterday.

⑨When people talk about the cities of China, the first ________  comes into their mind is Beijing.

⑩Tom has the good qualities of kindness and honesty, ________ is what his parents expect.

【随堂自测】

语法专练

1．There are species (物种) ________ are disappearing every day.

2．They also had a small pond in ________ they raised fish.

3．On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ________ gives off light in the dark.

4．They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals.

5．And I've found that the possibilities ________ lie within books are limitless.

6．With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid ________ would enjoy public speaking.

7．For example, there are huge amounts of reference books ________ I am often confused to choose from.

8．... Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl ________ mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness.

9．Kate, ________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.

10．Many people ________ live along the coast make a living on fishing industry.

语法精讲③　关系代词引导的限制性定语从句

[即学即练1]　①主语　②宾语　③定语　④the book　⑤the man　⑥the man　⑦that/which Lu Xun once lived in　⑧that/who is studying in the classroom　⑨who/that　whom/who/that　⑩whose　⑪which/that

[即学即练2]　①that　②that　③that　④that/which　⑤whose　⑥that　⑦that　⑧which　⑨that　⑩which

随堂自测

1．that　2.which　3.that/which　4.who/that　5.that

6．who/that　7.that/which　8.whose　9.whose　10.who/that