2022年外研版初中英语专题复习学案：时态六-现在完成时

这是一份2022年外研版初中英语专题复习学案：时态六-现在完成时，共5页。学案主要包含了写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词，用所给词的正确形式填空，同义句等内容，欢迎下载使用。
具体可分为以下两种情况：
①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。
②过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成或可能持续下去。
2.结构是： 主语+have/has(主语为三单）+V过去分词+其他
肯定句： 主语+have/has(主语为三单）+V过去分词+其他

否定句： 主语+have/has(主语为三单）+nt+V过去分词+其他
has/have+nt =haven’t/hasn’t
一般疑问句：
Have/Has+主语+V过去分词+其他?
肯定回答：Yes,主语+have/has.
否定回答：N,主语+haven’t/hasn’t.
3.标志词：常与fr或since引导的时间连用,还有s far, up t/till nw, in/ the last/past+一段时间，all ne’s life, by nw, these days, fr tw years、since 1984、since he came here等。
★区分短暂性动词与持续性动词.
英语的行为动词大体可以分为两大类型：一是延续性的动词，二是短暂性动词。延续行动词是指那些动作意义不会一下完成，而是可以延续、发展的动词。如：wrk, read, write, study等,短暂性动词是指那些动作一次完成，不能延续的动词。如：cme, g, buy, die, 等。表示短暂性(瞬间性)的动词在现在完成时的句中不能和一段时间连用.即fr, since短语或hw lng问句。
I have bught this pen fr tw mnths. （×）
I have had this pen fr tw mnths. （√）
短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是他可以转换成相应的延续性动词.
1.直接用延续性动词
buy– have catch(get) a cld –have a cld brrw—keep cme/g /becme—be put n—wear get/begin t延续性v.→延续性v.eg. get/begin t knw → knw
2.转换成be+名词
jin the army – be a sldier jin the Party –be a Party member
g t schl– be a student
3转换成be+形容词或副词
die—be dead finish – be ver begin—be n leave—be away
fall asleep – be asleep clse – be clsed fall ill→be ill
marry sb./get married t → be married t pen→be pen
4.转换成 be+介词短语
g t schl– be in schl start/begin→be n jin→be in/be a member f
Exercises:
①His father died 2 years ag.
→His father has been dead fr 2 years./since tw years ag.
②The ftball match began at 9:00a.m.
→The ftball match has been n since 9:00 a.m.
③The twins jined the army when they were 18 years ld.
→The twins have been sldiers/ in the army/members f the army since they were 18years ld.
④My teacher left Nanjing 3 days ag.
→My teacher has been away frm Nanjing fr 3 days./since 3 days ag.
★注意：现在完成时的否定句中，和段时间连用可以用非延续性动词。如：
He hasn’t bught any new car since2007. (P27)
He has nt left Beijing yet.(P27)

一、写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词（30个）：
fit ____ _____ plan _____ _____ hit _____ _____ put _____ _____
meet _____ ______ make_____ _______eat _____ _____ sell ______ _______
give _____ ______write _____ _______ think ______ ________ run _____ _____
carry ____ ______ catch ______ _______lend ______ _______ cme _____ ____
frget_____ _______fall______ ______draw _____ _____knw ______ _______
g ____ _____ try______ ______ stp ______ _______ leave ______ ______
take _____ ______ buy _______ _______ spend _______ _______
feel _____ _____ marry _______ _______ begin ______ _______
二、用所给词的正确形式填空。
1.I________（live）here since I was ten years ld.
2.I________（live）here in 1998.
3.--- ________ yu _______(have) yur breakfast？---Yes，I have.
---When_____ yu_____it？---- 30 minutes ag.
4.I __________________________ (nt hear) frm my brther fr a lng time.
5.We ______________________ (be) there many times since 3 years ag.
6.Hw lng _________________ yu ______________________ (stay) at hme already?
7. He _________________________ (nt read) the bk befre.
8.Her sister ________________ (g) t Changchun. She______________ (leave) this mrning.
9.He ______________________ (live) in his hmetwn since he left here.
10.The writer __________________________ (finish) several stry-bks since 1990.
11. I _______________________(have) lunch already.
12._____the train______________________ (arrive) yet?
13.Tm _____________ never___________________ (be ) t China.
14. The twin _________________just _________________(see) my father.
15. The twins __________________(see) my father just nw.
16._______________ yu ever ________________________(ride) a hrse? Never.
17.________ yu ___________(clean) the rm? Yes, we______________(d) that already.
When ________ yu ___________(d) it? We _____________(d) it an hur ag.
18. __________ he ___________(see) this film yet?
N. When ___________ he _____________(see) it? He __________________ it tmrrw.
31. Smene _________________(call) yu just nw .
32. The Smiths _____________________(watch) TV this time yesterday .
33. She ______________________(make) a lt f friends here s far.
34. Her parents _______________________(nt write) t her since they left.
35. It is five years since he ________________________(jin) the Party.
36. They _____________________(live) in this city ten years ag.
37. He ____________just _________________(cme) back frm the city .
38. __________ yu ______________ (knw) him since then?
39. ---Can Alice g hiking with us tmrrw ? ---If she _______(feel) better tnight .
40. It is five years since he _________(jin) the Party.
三、同义句（同义句转换，每空一词）
1.I brrwed the library bk tw days ag.
I _______ _______the library bk ________tw days.
2.The meeting started ten minutes ag.
A. The meeting________ _________ _________ _________ten minutes ag.
B. The meeting________ _________ ___________ ________ten minutes.
3.My brther jined the Party last year.
A. My brther _________ _________ ________the Party since last year.
B. My brther__________ ________ _______ party member since last year.
4.He left Nanjing tw years ag.
He_________ _________ ________ ________Nanjing fr tw years.
5.That dg died last mnth.
That dg________ _________ ________since last mnth.
6.He has had the bike fr tw years.
A. Tw years________ _________since he ________the bike.
B. It’s ______ __________since he _________the bike.
C. He _______the bike tw years__________.
7.Li Lei jined the Party three years ag.
=Li Lei the Party three years ag.
=Li Lei the Party three years.
= three years Li Lei jined the Party.
=Three years Li Lei jined the Party.
8.My father left Gucheng last week.
=My father Gucheng last week.
=My father Gucheng a week.
9.The factry pened in 1996.
=The factry ten years.
=The factry since 1996.
10. His grandfather died five years ag.
=His grandfather since .
=His grandfather five years.
= five years his grandfather died.
=Five years his grandfather died.
11. Mr. Wang reached Beijing five days ag.
=Mr. Wang Beijing five days ag.
=Mr. Wang Beijing five days.
规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。
(1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“-ed ”。
wrk---wrked,visit---visited
(2)以不发音的“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“-d ”。
live---lived
(3)以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y"变为"i"，再加“-ed”。
study—studied,cry—cried,try—tried
(4)“重读闭音节”结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母（w、y、x除外），辅音字母前只有一个元音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“-ed”。
stp—stpped,plan—planned
特例：有两类动词本身应该直接加“-ed”，但由于历史习惯，依旧要双写最后一个字母，再加“-ed”。以“元音字母+l”非重读结尾的规则动词变过去分词也要双写“l",再加“-ed”。例如cancel→cancelled，dial→dialled。另外还有一些以非重读闭音节结尾的规则动词变过去分词也要双写最后一个辅音字母,再加“-ed”。例如：kidnap→kidnapped，wrship→wrshipped。而上述两种情况在美国一般却直接加“-ed”。