初中牛津译林版Grammar课文内容ppt课件

这是一份初中牛津译林版Grammar课文内容ppt课件，共32页。PPT课件主要包含了现在完成时的含义，Let’ try，现在完成时的构成，1肯定句，2否定句，4特殊疑问句， 过去分词的构成，Page122，have seen，saw等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Unit 1 Grammar
■Have yu watched this cartn film? Yes, I have. N, I haven’t.■ Has he/ she watched this cartn film? Yes, he/she has. N, he/she hasn’t.
■ I have watched this cartn film. I watched it 2 weeks ag.
Presentatin
Eddie has eaten my fd.
Eddie ate my fd and nw Hb has nthing t eat.
Eddie has lived with Millie since he was brn.
埃迪自从出生以来，一直和米莉住在一起。
Eddie has lived with Millie fr fur years.
埃迪已经和米莉居住在一起四年了。
（“居住”这个动作从出生一直延续到现在，可能还要继续延续下去。）
（“居住”这个动作从4年前延续到现在，可能还会继续延续下去。）
Language pints
（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达) 通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just(句中）, already(句中，句末）, befre(句末）, yet（句末）, never（句中）, ever（句中）,recently(句末)等状语连用。例如：
1.Eddie has just eaten my fd. (Eddie已经吃了我的食物。）2.I have never heard f that befre.（我以前从未听说过那件事） 3. Have yu ever ridden a hrse?（你曾经骑过马吗？） 4.She has already finished the wrk.（她早已经完成这个工作了。）5.We haven’t finished ur hmewrk yet. (我们还没有完成作业呢。)
（2）现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。 如fr、since 等引导的时间状语。（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）时间状语的表达方法有两种:
1.Eddie has lived with Millie fr 4 years.
2.Eddie has lived with Millie
since he was brn.
fr: + 段时间 fr a year, fr tw weeks, fr three years... 过去的某一时刻, since last week, since 2008…since 一段时间+ag, since 9 years ag, since 3 days ag…, +点时间 一般过去时态的时间状语从句：since yu came， since he mved here, since I was brn…
since 4 years ag.
用since或fr填空：1.I have been at this schl ____________ mre than tw years.2. She has wrked in the factry ___________ ten years ag.3. Mr. Green has lived in the city ____________ he was brn.4. His father has been a party member ___________ twenty years.
I/We/Yu/They + 助动词have + p.p(过去分词）+其它。He/She/It + 助动词has + p.p(过去分词）+其它。
______________ their hmewrk. (finish）He ______________his hmewrk. （finish)
have finishedhas finished
I/We/Yu/They+have nt / hasn’t +p.p(过去分词）+其它。 He/She/It +has nt / hasn’t +p.p(过去分词）+其它。
_______________ their hmewrk yet (还未）. (finish）He _______________ his hmewrk yet. （finish)
haven’t finishedhasn’t finished
(3)一般疑问句及回答
---Have+I/yu/we/they+p.p(过去分词）+其它？---Yes, I/yu/we/they have. ---N, I/yu/we/they haven’t.---Has +she/he/it+p.p(过去分词） +其它？---Yes, she/he/it has.---N, she/he/it hasn’t.
_______the film?(watch)Yes, I _______._______yur father ________the film?(watch)N, he _______.
Have watched have
Has watched hasn’t
特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+p.p(过去分词）+其它？
girl has learned English fr 6 years.
I have eaten tw apples fr breakfast.
Hw lng has the girl learned English?
What have yu eaten fr breakfast?
(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 wrk---wrked---wrked, visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。　 live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 “y” 变为 “i” ，再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied, cry---cried---cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 　stp---stpped---stpped, drp---drpped--drpped
(A) 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：
(B) 不规则动词的过去分词
四、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作，和现在不发生关系。而现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。◎ 一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week，…ag, in1980, in Octber, just nw等具体的时间状语。　◎ 现在完成时的时间状语有：fr, since, ever, never, just, already,yet,in the past/last few years等不确定的时间状语。
I bught a new cmputer last week.——只强调动作发生在过去。I have bught a new cmputer.——不强调动作什么时候发生，只强调现在的结果是拥有了一台新电脑。
五、现在完成时的其他时间状语
*s far（到目前为止）*up t nw（直到现在）*in/during/ver the past/last+一段时间（在过去的……）*表示次数的词：nce, twice, a few times, many times
1. S far, n ne has been t the sun.2. We have learnt 2000 wrds in the past tw years.3. I have been t Beijing twice.
Millie: (1)_____ yu ____(see) any exhibitins recently, Sandy?Sandy: N, I (2)_______. What abut yu?Millie: I (3)________(see) ne last Saturday.Sandy: What’s it abut?Millie: It’s abut changes in Beijing ver the past century（世纪）. Frm this film, I ___________ (learn) mre abut Beijing’s past and present.Sandy: Oh, I think I (5)__________(hear) abut the film. D yu plan t see it again?Millie: Yes, I’d lve t.
Chat time (page 14):
Have seen
have learnt
1.I _________(see) the 3D film Avatar. It’s amazing! I _________(see) it ne mnth ag.
2.--Is yur grandfather still alive? --N, he _____already ______(die). --When _______he _______(die)? --He _______last year(die).
has died
did die
一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
3. -- I _______just _______ (hear) f the earthquake in Tangshan. --The earthquake? --Yes, it _________(happen) n March 6th, three days ag.
4.Mr. Li _______(begin) t wrk in this factry in 1990.He ___________ (wrk) in the factry fr 20 years.
5. The Greens _________(live) in China since they _______(mve) here in 2003.
have heard
1. She has already cleaned the kitchen. (改为否定句)→She __________ cleaned the kitchen ___________.2. They have visited sme interesting places in China. (改为一般疑问句)→___________ they _____________ ___________ interesting places in China?3. The pr dg has died.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答）→_________the pr dg _________? -N, it __________.
hasn’t yet
Have visited any
Has died hasn’t
4. They have brrwed ten bks frm the library. (对划线部 分提问)→_________ _________bks __________ they _________ frm the library?5. I have ever been t the Great Wall. (改为否定句)I ________ ________ been t the Great Wall.6. They have studied here since they mved t the city. (对划线部分提问)___________ ___________ _________ they _________ here?
Hw many have brrwed
have never
Hw lng have studied
Unit 2 Grammar
一、比较have been t和have gne t
He has gne t the United States.他（已经）去美国了。 （不在说话地点，去了没回来）
He has been t the United States.他（曾经）去过美国。 （在说话地点，去过回来了）
比较have been t和have gne t
1. Krystal has ______ t Shanghai. She will cme back tmrrw.A. been B. never gneC. went D. gne2. --Hell, this is Mr.Smith. Can I speak t Mr.Green? -- Srry, He ______ the West Lake.A. has been t B. has gne tC. went t D. will g t3. -- ______ yu ever ______ t Germany? -- Yes, twice.A. Have, gne B. Have, beenC. D, g D. were, ging4. My sister and I have ______ Hangzhu fr three years.A. been in B. been tC. gne t D. gne in
have been t和have gne t对比练习
二、fr和since的区别
fr和since对比练习
Tim has been in British ______ Mnday.Tm has been in British ______ tw weeks.Her sister has lived in Australia ______ three yearsElizabeth is in her ffice. She has been there ______ 7 ’clck.India has been an independent cuntry ______ 1974.The train is late. I have been waiting ______ 30 minutes.Michael has been ill ______ a lng time. He has been in hspital ______ December.
三、短暂性动词和延续性动词
英语中的动词，根据所表示的动作是否能够延续，分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。 表示持续的行为或状态的动词，叫做延续性动词。（be, keep, have, like, study, live ...） 表示短暂的，瞬间动作的动词，叫做短暂性动词。（die, jin, leave, becme, begin, start, reach, arrive, return, brrw, stp, lse, clse, pen , get married...）
注意：1.短暂性动词构成的现在完成时，不能和表示一段时间的状语（如：fr, since引导的短语）连用。2.短暂性动词要转换为对应的延续性动词才可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
常见的短暂性动词及其对应的延续性动词有：buy--- have (wn) brrw---keep leave--- be away (frm) jin--- be in= be a member f die--- be dead cme/g—be in(at)get married—be married begin/start---be n stp/finish---be ver becme----be clse---be clsed pen--- be penarrive---be in(at) get t knw--- knw
四、现在完成时的同义转换
他父亲入党已经有十年了。
①现在完成时＋fr +段时间 　His father has been a party member fr ten years.②现完＋since +点时间（短语或从句 ） His father has been in the Party since ten years ag.③It has been +段时间+ since 从句 It has been ten years since his father jined the party.④=It is +段时间 +since+从句 　It is ten years since his father jined the party.⑤=段时间+ has passed + since从句 Ten years has passed since his father jined the party .