2021_2022学年新教材高中英语UNIT8GREENLIVINGReading&Writing课时作业含解析北师大版必修第三册 练习

UNIT 8 GREEN LIVING

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

The amount of time that people spend on travel is 1.1 hours per person per day in all societies.The average distance travelled is 7，400 miles (12，000 km) per year.In total，the world population travels more than 16.6 trillion miles (23 trillion km) per year，53% of which is by car，26% by bus，9% by rail，9% by high­speed transport such as airplanes，and 3% by bicycle，boat and other means.

It is estimated (估计) that，due to developments in high­speed public transport，travel time will drop to only 12 minutes per person per day by 2050.Of the global traffic volume，35% will be by car，20% by bus，41% by high­speed transport，and 4% by rail.

At present，traffic congestion (拥塞) has a huge negative (消极的) economic and environmental impact (影响) across the world.Road congestion in the UK costs the UK economy ￡15 billion a year.It costs the US$100 billion a year.In Seattle，Washington for instance，a driver spends an average (平均) of 59 hours stuck in traffic each year.In the greater Seattle area there are more cars than people；each household makes an average of 10 motorcar trips a day.According to Sierra Club，“American cars and trucks account for 20 percent of the world's petroleum consumption (石油消耗)．”

The US has the most highways，but European roads are busier.In Europe，cars travel more than 600 miles (1，000  km) per road per year，compared to an average of 500  km  per road in the US.The world's worst traffic jam usually occurs during the summer on the road from Paris to Toulouse，France.

So take a hike.You can use Google's public transport trip planner.Or，in the least，find a job closer to home.

【语篇解读】　现在全球过半的人选择自己驾车出行，这给交通造成了很大的压力。

1．According to the figures given in Paragraph 1，what is the main means of transport at present?

A．The car.　　　 B．The bus.

C．The train.   D．The airplane.

A　[细节理解题。根据第一段的“In total，the world population travels more than 16.6 trillion miles (23 trillion km) per year，53% of which is by car”可知小汽车是目前主要的出行工具。]

2．Compared to today，we know in 2050，        ．

A．more people will choose to travel by train

B．more people will have a car of their own

C．a lot more people will choose the bus to go out

D．a lot more people will choose high­speed transport

D　[细节理解题。根据第二段的“41% by high­speed transport”可知到2050年，41%的人会选择高速交通工具，这比目前的9%高了很多，故选D项。]

3．What does Paragraph 3 suggest?

A．Traffic congestion is a major problem for some countries.

B．Traffic congestion will be more serious in the following years.

C．Traffic congestion is a problem for global economic development.

D．America has more cars than any other country around the world.

C　[推理判断题。根据第三段的“At present，traffic congestion  has a huge negative economic and environmental impact  across the world.”可知交通阻塞严重影响了全球经济的发展，故选C项。]

4．From the passage，we learn that in the greater Seattle area，        ．

A．people are not encouraged to go out by bus

B．few people travel by train

C．every person owns a car

D．the traffic is very bad

D　[推理判断题。根据第三段的“In Seattle，Washington for instance，a driver spends an average  of 59 hours stuck in traffic each year.In the greater Seattle area there are more cars than people”可推断西雅图的交通状况很差。]

B

Singapore's tradition of eating out in places called hawker centers is now recognized by the United Nations for its cultural importance.

A hawker is a person who sells food or goods and advertises by shouting at people walking by on the street.Hawkers are an important part of Singaporean culture.Open­air eating areas where hawkers sell their goods are very popular.Famous chefs, such as Anthony Bourdain and Gordon Ramsay have praised them.

On Wednesday, the United Nations, cultural agency, UNESCO, added the city's “hawker culture” to its Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.Singapore sought to have hawker culture added to the list about two years ago.Now that it has been recognized, Singapore must provide a report every six years to UNESCO.The report must show efforts the city­state has made to save and support its hawker culture.

“These centers serve as ‘community dining rooms’， where people from diverse backgrounds gather and share the experience of dining over breakfast, lunch and dinner，” UNESCO said.

In the 1970s, Singapore cleaned up its streets so the city moved street hawkers to new eating centers.These areas were part of an effort to improve the island.Now, the centers offer many different low­cost meals for local people and provide a pleasing social setting.The 2018 film Crazy Rich Asians showed its stars enjoying meals at a famous night market.Some sellers even received Michelin stars from a famous restaurant rating system for their meals costing only a few dollars.

But, now the average age of a hawker in Singapore is 60 years old.Younger Singaporeans now want to work in offices.They are less interested in working in small restaurants.The COVID­19 health crisis also hurt sales, preventing foreign visitors and locals from eating out.

【语篇解读】　文章讲述了新加坡叫卖小贩文化以及其存在的意义，同时还提及其目前的困境。

5．What do we know about hawkers from Paragraph 2?

A．They sell goods in the open­air area.

B．They are famous chefs.

C．They are Singapore natives.

D．They are popular all over the world.

A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Open­air eating areas where hawkers sell their goods are very popular.”可知，叫卖小贩们通常会选择开放的地带卖东西。故选A。]

6．Why is hawker culture added to UNESCO's list?

A．For the efforts Singapore has made.

B．For its importance in showing Singapore's culture.

C．For the report Singapore provided.

D．For the recommendation by UNESCO.

B　[细节理解题。根据第一段“Singapore's tradition of eating out in places called hawker centers is now recognized by the United Nations for its cultural importance.”可知，联合国的文化机构把新加坡的这种传统加入它的列表，是因为承认其在文化方面的重要性。故选B。]

7．Why is the film Crazy Rich Asians mentioned?

A．To advertise the film.

B．To introduce the stars.

C．To show the popularity of hawker centers.

D．To help the sellers receive Michelin stars.

C　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Now, the centers offer many different low­cost meals for local people and provide a pleasing social setting.The 2018 film Crazy Rich Asians showed its stars enjoying meals at a famous night market.”可知，本段在讲这些小贩聚集中心的好处，作者提到电影《摘金奇缘》是为了证明小贩聚集中心的受欢迎程度。故选C。]

8．What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A．The difficulties hawker culture are facing.

B．The average age of hawkers.

C．The effect caused by COVID­19.

D．The future of the hawker culture.

A　[段落大意题。根据最后一段“But, now the average age of a hawker in Singapore is 60 years old.Younger Singaporeans now want to work in offices.They are less interested in working in small restaurants.The COVID­19 health crisis also hurt sales, preventing foreign visitors and locals from eating out.”可知，本段主要讲述了目前小贩经济的困境。故选A。]

Ⅱ.读后续写

阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

It was a hot summer day.My dad  and I were getting ready to go out for a ride on the boat.That's when the phone call came，the call that made the bright，beautiful day a cold，dark，gloomy one.

I had just put on my suit，shorts，and tank top，and packed my bag with sunscreen and everything else I would need for  that day.I ran into my parents' room to  see  dad.When I saw him  on the phone，he was crying.I'd never seen my dad cry before.What possibly could have happened?

“Max，I'm so sorry，”I heard him say.That's when it hit me.I knew that Suzie  had died.

Max has been my dad's best friend for years.Suzie，his daughter，had  a rare disease that mainly affected her body.Her brain was OK.She knew what was going on；she knew that she had problems and was different  from  other kids.Once she told her dad that she wished she could die and be born in  a different body.Yet although she couldn't live a normal life，she was still happy.

When Suzie and I were little，we spent quite a bit of time together.As we grew up，we grew apart.She lived in  New York，and I lived in Midwest.When Suzie was ten she had to live  in hospital.I sent her a  Beanie Baby  and she sent one back to me.About eight months before she died，Max gave us her number at the hospital and we talked at least twice a week until the end.Suzie was always so excited to talk to us and wanted to know every detail about my life.She wanted to know everything I did and everything I ate.In a way，she lived through me.

注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；

  2.请按如下格式作答。

After we found about her death，we                                                                       

Her funeral   was very  different from any funeral I'd ever been to.                                                                       

【参考范文】

After we found about her death，we made our plans to go to New York  for the funeral.When she was alive，I had bought another  Beanie Baby  but never had the chance to send it to her，so I took it with me，hoping that I could put it in her casket.When I was on the plane，I just couldn't help thinking about the time we had spent together.

Her funeral  was very  different from any funeral I'd ever been to. I  cried  so hard that I felt weak.I thought about the talks we had when she was  in hospital.She was always curious about my life and optimistic about everything she faced though she had  a rare disease.I recalled her words of having  a different body  and I absolutely knew she would do better than I could.I now know that I must never take anything for granted，especially my health and the gift of life.