2022北京海淀区高三下学期第一次模拟考试英语含答案

这是一份2022北京海淀区高三下学期第一次模拟考试英语含答案，共14页。试卷主要包含了03，5分，共15分）， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

高三英语
本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选岀最佳选项，并在 答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I was abut t sleep when smene kncked n my windw. Knck, knck. Then a three-secnd pause. Knck, knck. Immediately I knew it was my best friend, Ben. The knck 1 was ur emergency call which never means anything gd.
"What's ging n?" I rushed t pen the windw and asked.
Ben climbed in. "Bad news." He gave me a 2 lk, and I immediately knew what it was. My heart 3 .1 gave him a nd, and he sighed in respnse.
“Where t?” I asked.
“Virginia.”
“That's far frm Flrida.”
We lked at each ther knwing we were thinking the same. Bth Ben and I had parents in the airfrce. We were used t frequent mves.
Ben and I became clse friends since I crashed int Ben's stand and sent plastic cups f lemnade flying int the heavens. At first, I 4 Flrida. Everything changed, thugh, when I 5 rllerskated int Ben's lemnade stand.
"It must have been fate!" we claimed. But I think that, maybe, there was sme 6 in that lemnade, and that as it rained dwn n us, it cast a spell making us friends frever.
"Maybe yur family will get mved t Virginia t." Ben said.
"Yeah, maybe.”I knew the chance was lw, but I chse t hpe.
Ben grinned at me. Thugh it lked sad, I saw 7 in him t.
“I'll have a lemnade stand 8 fr yu.”
"Then I'll pack my rller-skates.”
"Then I'll wear a pnch （雨披).”
We 9. The humid Flrida night clsed arund us, and I felt a tiny drp f liquid splash n my arm. I knew it was prbably rain, but still, I thught that, maybe, it was a drp f magic lemnade, because nthing n earth can break the 10between us.
1. A. sundB. patternC. numberD. symbl
2. A. playfulB. gratefulC. cheerfulD. meaningful
3. A. failedB. sftenedC. sankD. relieved
4. A. hatedB. missedC. explredD. appreciated
5. A. graduallyB. narrwlyC. cnstantlyD. accidentally
6. A. signB. magicC. flavurD. wish
7. A. hpeB. jyC. curageD. supprt
8. A. necessaryB. cnvenientC. readyD. useful
9. A. struggledB. arguedC. laughedD. cmprmised
10. A. ruleB. bndC. barrierD. balance
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出 提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
Xu Mengta, the flag-bearer fr the Chinese delegatin at the clsing ceremny f 2022 Winter Olympics, has gt multiple wrld champinships. But her rad 11 glry was nt smth, since it was accmpanied by many injuries. It was her passin fr sprts, her persistence and determinatin that helped her cntinue and she finally 12 (win) the gld medal at her furth Olympics. Her success ges beynd sprts as it mtivates bth athletes and rdinary peple in 13 (they) pursuit f dreams.
B
Based n AR and VR, the metaverse aims t bring peple clser tgether in an nline setting, enabling them t be cnnected in ways they culdn't be befre. Imagine 14 (attend) a meeting frm the cmfrt f yur cuch, where yu dn't dress up, but yur avatar des. Yu're seated at a virtual table with ther peple 15 reactins and bdy language can be judged just as well as they wuld be in real life. A metaverse culd very likely bring these 16 (imagine) t reality, and sn.
C
Everyne has a sense f humr, but it's pretty evident that nt everybdy has a gd sense f it. Psychlgists axe divided n 17 humr is inbrn r learnable. Hwever, there is ne thing that 18 (accept) universally s far—the sense f humr is uniquely human. It is assciated with laughter and laughter is assciated with happiness and curage. These are qualities 19 (share) with ther frms f life. But if happiness is ne f the gals 20 (chase) in life, then it is the sense f humr that prvides the key.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该 项涂黑。A
Old and unrestred theatres are all arund us and yet s unnticed. A new phtbk unveils their ften verlked beauty.
Prctr's Theatre, Newark, New Jersey
Althugh available utdrs frm street sellers, fd was banned in theatres t display respectability. In the late 1920s, hwever, the peratrs in Prctr's Theatre in Newark began t set up stands t imprve the ecnmic situatin during the Great Depressin. Ppcrn and Cke wuld becme a significant part f the theatre' s incme.
Prctr's Theatre, Try, New Yrk
Originally pened as Prctr's Furth Street Theatre in 1914, it hsted famus cmedians such as Jack Benny and Bb Hpe. Frm 1929, it was successively taken ver, renamed as Prctr's Try Theatre and switched t screening films. In the 1960s, it began playing secnd-run films befre clsing in 1977. It was listed n the Natinal Register f Histric Places (NRHP) in 1979. In 2010, the theatre was repaired but is currently nt being used tday.
RKO Keith's Flushing Theatre, New Yrk
Originally pened in 1928, RKO Keith's Flushing Theatre was designed by Thmas Lamb. In 1982, it was listed n the NRHP. In 1986, the theatre was bught and clsed by its new wner wh planned t build a shpping centre n the site, intentinally damaging the hall. In 2019, despite the preservatin effrts, the hall was kncked dwn t make way fr a residential twer blck.
Metrplitan Opera Huse, Philadelphia
The theatre was riginally pened as the Philadelphia Opera Huse in 1908. In the 1920s, it was renamed as the Metrplitan Opera Huse, shwing silent films in additin t hsting varius pera cmpanies. In the 1940s, it became a sprts arena. In 1954, it was turned int a church. In the late 1990s, the building was purchased by Mark Hatcher. The church and the develper came t an agreement n a repair fr a music venue that was cmpleted and repened in 2018.
In the late 1920s, Prctr's Theatre in Newark set up stands t -
shw respect fr the guestsB. increase the theatre's incme
prmte newly released mviesD. cmpete with the street sellers
What can we knw frm the passage?
RKO Keith's Flushing Theatre is well preserved.
Prctr' s Theatre in Try plays secnd-run films nw.
Metrplitan Opera Huse has witnessed changes in its functin.
Prctr's Theatre in Newark has been fficially listed n the NRHP.
What is the purpse f this passage?
T rank the ld and unrestred theatres.
T shw the develpment f American theatres.
T encurage peple t prtect the ld theatres.
T prvide infrmatin n verlked ld theatres.
B
T the untrained eye, a pingpng ball is just a pingpng ball. T a Beverly Cleary fan, it's tw mtrcycle helmets fr mice.
Ever since I read Cleary's series abut Ralph, the mtrcycle—riding muse, I've never lked at a pingpng ball—r the wrld—the same way. Amazing t think that it's been mre than frty years since I checked ut The Muse and the Mtrcycle frm my schl library in Nrthprt, and yet that ne particular image is as clear t me as ever.
And why shuldn't it be? It's perfect.
Hw I wanted a muse f my wn t ride a ty mtrcycle arund my huse! Thanks t Cleary's genius, a talking muse friend seemed nt nly pssible but prbable.
While much f children's literature attempted t explain the wrld frm the pint f view f a wise and gentle adult, Cleary created characters wh saw the wrld as nly children can. With great interest, I read every bk that bre Beverly Cleary's name. She seemed like a friend wh understd me in ways I didn't yet understand myself.
I've written eight children's bks and have always kept Beverly's sense f wnder in mind. I dn't remember at exactly what age I decided I wanted t write bks, but I knw that by secnd r third grade, my teacher assigned a prject that allwed us t fcus n whatever we wanted. My best friend picked dlphins; I chse children's authrs, with a large chunk f my prject being abut wh else? Beverly Cleary!
I tld that stry recently t a schl grup. One f the students said, "That's fantastic! Yu did yurprject n children's authrs and then yu became ne!”
“Yes,” I said. "And my best friend wh did her prject n dlphins—became a dlphin!，,
"Really?” the students said in chrus.
And that perfectly sums up why I lve writing fr children: the belief that fantastic, magical things can happen. Best friends can becme dlphins; mice can ride ty mtrcycles and becme ur friends.
That’s what Beverly Cleaiy taught me. In the hands f a gifted stryteller, anything is pssible... and s very funny.
24. The Muse and the Mtrcycle impressed the authr mainly because.
it recrded animals' life
it revealed the wisdm f life
it encuraged children t raise pets
it described the wrld frm children's eyes
25 . When learning the authr’s friend became a dlphin, the students felt.
amazedB. dubtfulC. scaredD. cnfused
What is the passage mainly abut?
What the authr created t attract children.
What the authr did t turn impssible int pssible.
Hw Beverly Cleary arused children's interest in reading.
Hw the authr was inspired t be a writer by Beverly Cleary.
C
When a chunk f ice fell frm a cllapsing glacier （冰川）n the Swiss Alps' Munt Eiger in 2017, part f the lng deep sund it prduced was t lw fr human ears t detect. But these vibratins held a key t calculating the ice avalanche's （崩塌）critical characteristics.
Lw-frequency sund wayes called infrasund that travel great distances thrugh the atmsphere are already used t mnitr active vlcanes frm afar. Nw sme researchers in this field have switched fcus frm fire t ice: dangerus blcks snapping ff glaciers. Previus wrk has analyzed infrasund frm snw avalanches but never ice, says Bise State University gephysicist Jeffrey Jhnsn. "This was different,Jhnsn says. "A signature f a new material has been detected with infrasund."
Usually glaciers mve far t slwly t generate an infrasund signal, which researchers pick up using detectrs that track slight changes in air pressure. But a cllapse—a sudden, rapid breaking f ice frm the glacier's main bdy—is a prlific infrasund prducer. Glacial cllapses drive ice avalanches, which pse an increasing threat t peple in muntainus regins as rising temperatures weaken large fields f ice. A glacier ucan becme detached frm the grund due t melting, causing bigger break— ffs,” says University f Flrence gelgist Emanuele Marchetti, lead authr f the new study. As the threat grws, scientists seek new ways t mnitr and detect such cllapses.
Researchers ften use radar t track ice avalanches, which is precise but expensive and can mnitr nly ne specific lcatin and neighbring avalanche paths. Infrasund, Marchetti says, is cheaper and can detect break—ff events arund a much brader area as well as multiple avalanches acrss a muntain. It ischallenging, hwever, t separate a signal int its cmpnents (such as traffic nises, individual avalanches and nearby earthquakes) withut additinal measurements, says ETH Zurich glacilgist Malgrzata Chmiel. "The mdel used by Marchetti is a first apprximatin fr this,” she says. Islating the relevant signal helps the researchers mnitr an ice avalanche's speed, path and vlume frm afar using infrasund.
Marchetti and his clleagues are nw wrking t imprve their detectrs t pick up mre signals acrss at-risk regins in Eurpe, and they have set up cllabratins arund the cntinent t better understand signals that cllapsing glaciers prduce. They are als refining their mathematical analysis t figure ut each ice cascade's physical details.
What can we learn frm Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3?
Infrasund has a majr rle t play in discvering new materials.
Ice avalanches are a bigger threat t peple than vlcanic eruptins.
Researchers are trying t use infrasund in detecting ice avalanches.
Scientists emply infrasund mre in muntain areas than in ther places.
Which is an advantage f infrasund ver radar?
The cmbinatin with ther relevant signals.B. The accuracy in lcating a certain avalanche.
C.The ability in picking up signals in wider areas.D. The sensitivity in tracking air pressure changes.
The underlined wrd “this” in Paragraph 4 refers t .
distinguishing different cmpnents f a signal
detecting multiple avalanches at the same time
calculating the speed and path f ice avalanches
mnitring the specific lcatin f ice break—ffs
Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
Frm Fire t IceB. Glacier Whispers
C.Nature is WarningD. Secret f Ice Avalanches
D
In ver 25 years, DeSimne has spun his research findings int cmmercial gld by launching several businesses. As a faculty member at the University f Nrth Cai'lina, he prvided scientific advice and held equity in the businesses. But he has never actually managed his cmpanies. His emplyers bar him frm simultaneusly hlding an academic pst and an executive psitin. The dual rles can present huge cnflicts.
Cnflicts f interest （COIs） ccur when an individual’s persnal interests—family, friendships, financial, r scial factrs—culd cmprmise his r her judgment, decisins, r actins in the wrkplace, and it makes sund career sense t think abut hw t manage them. Researchers shuld disclse ptential r existing cnflicts acrss all aspects f academic life.
In mst places, COI management runs n an hnr system. Researchers decide which financial hldings and relatinships t disclse t university administratrs. Jurnals and funders adpt a similar system when they ask authrs and peer reviewers abut ptential cnflicts related t manuscript r grant apprvals.
Mst research institutins ffer training t help faculty members t understand what cnstitutes a ptential r existing cnflict. Administratrs then decide whether the interest presents a cnflict, and whether that cnflict can be handled. If s, they create a management plan t address it. If nt, researchers must abandn the wrk, partner with researchers at ther institutins, r leave their university.
Perceptin plays a part in defining a ptential cnflict, warns Walt, a chemist at Tufts University. Investigatrs wh develp a technlgy in the labratry and then transfer it t their cmpany culd create a cnflict f interest in the eyes f their students, Walt says. But the ptential cnflict can be avided by drafting a licensing agreement that bars discveries frm autmatically being transferred t the investigatr's cmpany. Walt created such an arrangement t assure his students that they weren't actually wrking fr his private cmpanies.
Relatinships can pse cnflicts when cnference rganizers are chsing speakers. Members f the American Sciety fr Human Genetics prgram cmmittee, which selects abstracts and talks fr their annual meeting, must recuse （要求回避）themselves frm cnsidering talks by, fr example, researchers at their current and past institutins, clse cllabratrs and thse with whm they have persnal r familial ties.
Even differing pints f view can play a part. Scacheri, a geneticist wh chairs the cmmittee, says that members wh have disagreed persnally with ptential speakers might als be bliged t recuse themselves: "If yu feel like yu can't be an impartial （公正的）reviewer, that is cnsidered a COI."
Handling COIs can be burdensme. COI managers emphasize that the gal is nt t suppress innvatin, but t expse ptential cnflicts s that they can be managed. "Nthing abut the prcess is meant t be prhibitive,” says Grewal, a COI fficer at MIT. Her institutin wants t enable gd science and the betterment f humanity. “During that prcess,” she says, “if yu make sme mney, that's gd as well.”
The example f DeSimne in Paragraph 1 is used mainly t .
raise a questinB. reprt a finding
C.intrduce a tpicD. present a thery
T better deal with COIs,.
researchers have t quit their jb at the university
researchers shuld reprt the cnflicts that pssibly exist
institutins need t mnitr the staff's career and relatinships
institutins shuld train researchers t create management plans
What can we learn frm the passage?
Grewal cnsiders COI management exhausting and cstly.
Walt arranged t transfer discveries at his lab t his cmpanies.
Cnference rganizers shuld avid inviting unqualified speakers.
Scacheri believes persnal viewpints may impact a reviewer9s decisin.
What can we infer frm the passage?
COIs can be defined depending n interpretatins.
COIs benefit scientific innvatin and better humanity.
COIs arise primarily due t the pursuit f financial gains.
COIs can be gt rid f by prmting fairness in wrkplaces.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项 涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Hw much time d yu spend ding research befre yu make a decisin? There are peple wh g ver every detail exhaustively befre making a chice. 35 Psychlgists call this way f thinking a cgnitive bias （偏见），a tendency tward a specific mental mistake.
T study "jumping”，we examined decisin-making patterns amng mre than 600 peple frm the general ppulatin. We fund that jumpers made mre errrs than nn-jumpers n prblems that require thughtful analysis. 36 In a quiz abut US civics, they verestimated the chance that their answers were right significantly mre than ther participants did—even when their answers were wrng.
S what is behind "jumping"? Psychlgical researchers cmmnly distinguish between tw pathways f thught: autmatic system, which reflects ideas that cme t the mind easily, spntaneusly and withut effrt, and cntrlled system including cnscius and effrtful reasning. Jumpers and nnjumpers are equally influenced by autmatic thughts. 37 .
It is the cntrlled system that helps peple cunter balance mental biases intrduced by the autmatic system. As a result, jumpers were mre likely t accept the cnclusins made at first blush withut further questining. A lack f cntrlled thinking is als mre bradly cnnected t their prblematic beliefs and faulty reasning.
38 A methd called metacgnitive training can be used t target their biases, which can help peple think mre deliberatively. In this training, participants are cnfrnted with their wn biases. They can learn abut the missteps and ther ways f thinking thrugh the prblem at hand. It helps t chip away at participants' vercnfidence.
In everyday life, the questin f whether we shuld think things thrugh r instead g with ur gut is a frequent and imprtant ne. 39 Smetimes the mst imprtant decisin we make can be t take sme mre time befre making a chice.
Happily, there may be sme hpe fr jumpers.
Als, jumpers had prblems with vercnfidence.
But a fair number f individuals are quick t jump t cnclusins.
It is certainly pssible fr them t verthink things t take a decisin.
We plan t cntinue the wrk t trace ther prblems intrduced by jumping.
The jumpers, hwever, did nt engage in cntrlled reasning t the same degree as nn-jumpers.
Recent studies shw that even gathering just a little bit mre evidence may help us avid a majr mistake.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Yu might nt have heard f the "fresh start effect”，but if yu've ever made a New Year's reslutin, yu're familiar with it. Il refers t the human tendency t take actin twards achieving a gal after a special ccasin r key date has passed.
The fresh start effect is simple. Mst peple want t imprve themselves in sme way. When we hit imprtant milestnes, we're ften likely t reflect: are we where we thught we'd be l）y a certain age? Was this year a successful year, r did we waste it? Annual landmarks like birthdays, r the start f a new year, signify a new time perid and an pprtunity t leave slip-ups behind and t set new gals fr better behavir.
Research shws that anticipatin f a new beginning is a key mtivatr fr the fresh start effect. Fr example, peple aged 29, 39, 49 etc. were 48% mre likely t run a marathn fr the first time. When they were appraching a new decade, they were mre likely t search fr meaning in their lives and try t imprve themselves. The reasn is simple. When we see ur past self as separate frm ur current self, we feel it easier t intrduce new gals and take actin.
What's interesting abut the fresh start effect is that we dn't need t wait fr big milestnes t take advantage f this sudden dse f mtivatin. Studies shw that the first day f each mnth and even each week can als inspire us. These days, knwn as "tempral landmarks”, encurage us t step back and evaluate ur current situatin. And when we d this, we gain the mtivatin t be better: we becme mre driven and mre prductive. That is why peple are mre likely t start diets r exercise plans n Mnday, rather than the next day.
Fresh starts are exciting pprtunities t learn frm yur mistakes and mve frward. S if yu're currently experiencing lss f mtivatin, questining the meaning f yur wrk, r just feel like yu're stuck in a rut, why dn't yu use the fresh start effect in yur wn life?
Accrding t the passage, what is "fresh start effect”？
Why is it that “anticipatin f a new beginning is a key mtivatr fr the fresh start effect”？
Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
A fresh start like the first day f each week is a time when w frget abut ur mistakes and mve frward.
Besides the fresh start effect, in what ther ways d yu mtivate yurself in yur life? (In abut 40 wrds）
第二节（20分）
假设你是红星中学高三（1 ）班班长李华。你班即将开展五一劳动节活动。请你给交换生Jim 写一封电子邮件邀请他参加，内容包括：
活动目的及安排；2. 注意事项。
注意：1.词数100左右；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
Yurs,
Li Hua
海淀区2021—2022学年第二学期期中练习
答案
第一部分知识运用(共两节30分)
第一节(共10小题:每小题1.5分，共15分)
1B2D3C4A5D6B7A 8C 9C 10B
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
11.t 12.wn 13.their 14.attending 15.whse
16.imaginatins 17.whether 18.has been accepted 19.shared 20.t chase
第二部分阅读理解(共两节38分)
第一节(共14小题:每小题2分，共28分)
A: 21. B22. C23. D
B: 24.D 25.A 26. D
C: 27. C28. C29. A30. B
D: 31.C 32. B33.D 34.A
第二节(共5小题:每小题2分，共10分)
C36. B37. F38. A39. G
书面表达
第一节 略
第二节 略