解密14 议论文类阅读理解 （分层训练）（原卷版）-【高频考点解密】2021年高考英语二轮复习讲义+分层训练（全国通用）

解密14 议论文类阅读理解  （2021·湖南省师范大学附属中学高三下模拟）    Roughly the size of a soda can, sitting on a bookshelf, a relatively harmless device(设备) may be turning friends away from your home. The elephant in your living room is your Internet-connected camera, a device people are increasingly using for peace of mind in their homes. But few stop to think about the effect these devices may have on house guests. Should you tell your friends, for instance, that they’re being recorded while you all watch the big game together?"It’s certainly new territory, especially as home security cameras become easier to fix," says Lizzie Post, president of the Emily Post Institute, America’s distinguished manners advisors. " I think it will be very interesting to see what manners appear in terms of whether you tell people you have a camera or not, and whether guests have a right to ask that it be turned off, if it’s not a security issue. "Post wants to make clear that she’s not talking about legal rights, but rather personal preference.When it comes to security cameras, Post says it’s a host’s responsibility to make sure guests feel comfortable within their home. If the host casually acknowledges that there is a camera in the room by telling a story about it, that may be enough to provide an opening for a guest to say if they are uncomfortable.However, if a contractor(合约工)is working in your home, you don’t need to tell them that there are cameras watching. Then again, the camera can also work in contractors’ favor. "If anything does go wrong while they’re in the house, they don’t want to be blamed for it," she says. "In fact, the camera could be the thing that proves that they didn’t steal the $20, or knock the vase off the table.1．The visitors are concerned that the security camera may   .A．threaten their health B．spoil their peace of mindC．disturb their privacy D．affect their preference2．What is a host’s responsibility concerning the security camera?A．Indicating its position. B．Making their guests feel at easeC．Turning it oil in time. D．Having a casual talk with guests.3．How can the home security camera benefit contractors working in your home?A．It can prevent the accidents happening. B．It can prove their innocence.C．It can record their working progress. D．It can make their work more enjoyable.4．What’s the author’s attitude towards the security camera?A．Negative. B．Pessimistic. C．Favorable. D．Objective.（2021·山东·模拟预测）    The role of media historically has been central to the making of society and the construction of identity. It is vital in the search for information, stories and art to feed the human spirit and imagination to overcome the challenges ahead.In an age of false news and misinformation, good quality content is more valuable than ever. History provides some context. In the UK the development of the liberal(自由的)media prior to the 1950s was characterized by a clear hierarchy(等级)when it came to the control of information. This model eventually gave way to a popular, audience-driven mass media in the 1980s, when the idea of the media as a source of popular pleasure took root.Today, as more content is distributed via social platforms and the division between content creators and content consumers is unclear, technology companies — or “super competitors” — are taking greater responsibility for guaranteeing the quality and integrity of information. Perhaps as a reaction to this and with an odd nod to pre-1950s paternalism(家长式管理), there is a rising call for governments and regulators to take a more active role in the production and spreading of news to ensure equitable access to information.Access to or quality of content is better than ever. But while destination media compete to become leaders in their specific areas, the tech giants are working out how to use media to dominate time, spend and data. What will be the impact of the strategies of the tech giants on the overall media landscape? The poet and novelist, Ben Okri, writes, “It may well be that it is not only science that saves us. We may also be saved by laughter, by the optimism of being able to see beyond these times, with stories, with community, with songs.”In the absence of real contact, interaction and the consumption of experience is now mostly mediated(调解). The value and integrity of media has never been more relevant and significant.5．What do the underlined words “some context” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A．The development of the liberal media.B．The model of the British clear hierarchy.C．The changing of factors determining media content.D．The idea of the media as a source of popular pleasure.6．What is the major problem media today are facing?A．Media are losing their roles in shaping society.B．It’s hard to divide content creators and consumers.C．Media are misused to dominate time, spend and data.D．The quality and integrity of information can’t be available.7．What does Ben Okri intend to tell us?A．Our life lacks passion. B．People need proper media content.C．Science can by all means save us. D．Media cannot change the real life.8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．The Core of Media—Value and IntegrityB．The Transformation of Media ContentC．The Impact of Tech Giants on MediaD．The Ups and Downs of Media （2021·湖南·雅礼中学模拟预测）    JeffBezos has a rule at Amazon, or perhaps more appropriate a philosophy. If a team cannot be fed by two pizzas then that team is too large. The reasoning is quite straightforward and basic. More people means more communication, more bureaucracy, more chaos, and more of pretty much everything that slows things down, hence why large organizations are oftentimes considered as being so inefficient.In 2013 Gallup released a report called “The State of The American Workplace", in which they found that smaller companies had more engaged employees. In fact,42% of employees working at companies of 10 or fewer were engaged at work versus only 30% of employees at large companies.Most people are not familiar with the Ringelmann Effect which is the tendency for individual members to become less productive as the size of a group increases. This concept was named after Maximilien Ringelmann, a French professor of agricultural engineering who passed away in 1931.In one of his experiments he asked volunteers to perform a very simple task, to pull on a rope. He found that when only one person is pulling on the rope they give 100% of their effort; however, as more people are added the individual effort goes down.This experiment was recreated in the 1970's by Alan Ingham who came up with the concept of “social loafing” which helps us understand why the individual effort decreases as the team size increases. So why does this happen? Because it becomes harder to extract the individual contributions and performance of each person.Organizations should really think about what their team structures look like and create and follow similar “two pizza rules”. It's no coincidence that smaller organizations are oftentimes more nimble while large organizations look like they are stuck in the mud.9．What is the author's purpose of mentioning “two pizza rules” in paragraph 1?A．To make a comment.B．To introduce the topic.C．To provide an example.D．To analyze a phenomenon.10．What is special about the Alan Ingham's experiment?A．It repeated the Ringelmann Effect experiment.B．It was based on a simple task of pulling a rope.C．It aimed to explore the reason behind the phenomenon.D．It revealed the link between team size and individual effort.11．Which of the following words can replace the underlined word “nimble” in the last paragraph?A．Balanced.B．Complicated.C．Simple.D．Flexible.12．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．What Makes a Team More Productive?B．Why Are Smaller Teams Better Than Larger Ones?C．How Can Two Pizzas Be Shared by One Team?D．Which Is More Important: Individual Effort r Team Size?（2021·江苏·金陵中学高三模拟）    “The really frightening thing about middle age,” the actor Doris Day is said to have joked, “is that you know you'll grow out of it.” We may bravely try to claim that life begins at 40- but for many people，it can feel more like the beginning of the end.Mid life wasn't always seen this way. It isn't clear why we have a more negative view today, but Margie Lachman, director of the lifespan development lab at Brandeis University in Massachusetts, suggests it may be linked to the pressures that begin piling up in our 30s. “Midlife is a period of high stress today, more so than in the past,” she says. “One is exactly in the middle of work and family careers. This can affect one's ability to focus on one's own well-being.”There are, however, many reasons to feel positive about this crucial period. In a series of experiments, Laura Germine at Harvard Medical School has tested tens of thousands of people to examine the differences in cognitive abilities between age groups. Germine's studies have included the famous “mind in the eyes” test, for instance, which gets people to infer emotional states from small differences in facial expressions. She found that people in their late 40s scored highest. This may be due to practice, she suggests. “When you think about the amount of social differences that one has to learn across the lifespan- that's where we think that comes from.”Germine found similar patterns in a task demanding continuous attention. In this, the participants had to watch different scenes fade into one another and adapt their response according to what they saw-pressing a button when they saw a city and releasing it when they saw a mountain. 40-somethings found it much easier to “get into the zone” than younger people.It is interesting to note that middle-aged people frequently bring in the most supplies in traditional hunter-gatherer societies. According to various studies, hunter-gatherers often take decades to learn their skills, and these abilities continue to grow into their 40s.There are some downsides to hitting this age, of course. Our skin tends to become loose and our body fat starts to be redistributed around the midriff. But after a drop in life satisfaction, happiness is already set to rise at the end of this decade and the beginning of the next.Contrary to popular opinion, humans seem to have evolved to flourish into middle age and beyond.13．What can we infer from the first paragraph?A．Doris Day felt excited in her 40s. B．It's believed that life begins at 40.C．Lots of people feel worried at 40. D．We are supposed to be braver at 40.14．Which of the followings is TRUE according to the text?A．People in their 40s attach more importance to their well-being.B．There seem to be reasons for us to be optimistic about middle age.C．The participants in their 40s did badly in Germine's experiments.D．Humans' physical appearance definitely gets worse in their 40s.15．The underlined word “flourish” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ________.A．Succeed B．Panic C．Calm D．Decline16．Where is the text probably taken from?A．A textbook B．An art review.C．A science magazine. D．A biography.（2021·河南·一模）    As an astronomer(天文学家)，I am accustomed to observing the universe in quiet places. I observe galaxies in the deep universe-places so far away that their light takes billions of years to reach our eyes.Sometimes I wonder what our own galaxy looked like billions of years ago, before solar system was born. I often stare at the Hubble Deep Field(哈勃深空区)searching for clues∶galaxies colliding(碰撞)，stars exploding，and stellar nurseries. Can looking to the stars bring us closer together?A couple of months ago，Betelgeuse，a bright star in the Orion constellation(猎户座) started to get dimmer and dimmer. Astronomers all over the world thought this might be a signal that the star was about to explode. Though it might not happen for another 1000 years or more, still I went outside every night to check it out. I was hoping that it would explode. Imagine seeing a star shining as bright as the full moon even during the day. I started dreaming about using such an event to remind everyone that stars produce nearly all of the chemical elements in the universe, which came directly out of the Big Bang. Everything we breathe, touch and see was made inside of stars. The iron in our blood, calcium bones, and almost the entire periodic table are products of stellar evolution.Betelgeuse did not explode, and more recent observations note that it is actually returning to normal. But nothing is normal here on Earth now. I am beginning to realize that we did not need a star to explode to unite us. All we needed was a common problem. I am hoping that everyone on the planet is saving some time to contemplate（凝视，沉思)the universe and to realize we are not alone. No matter where we are or who we are, we are on this planet together. Since we are all made of stars, looking up at the night sky gives us a glimpse of our past and our future, and we can contemplate both together.17．Why does the author write this article?A．To advise others to stare at a potentially exploding star recently.B．To research into the scientific mystery in the universe with readers.C．To discuss the proper relationship between human and the universe.D．To suggest us thinking about the way human beings live in this world.18．According to the article, Betelgeuse________.A．is a star the author tracked for yearsB．will produce chemical elements if it explodesC．is a normal star which is disappearingD．will explode in ten thousand years19．"Such an event"underlined in Paragraph 4 refers to________.A．Betelgeuse's potential explosionB．Betelgeuse's getting dimmer and dimmerC．the author's checking out every nightD．a star's shining as bright as the sun20．What's the best title of this passage?A．What should an astronomer do?B．Should we know more about the universe?C．Looking to the stars can bring us closer together.D．Getting united is a problem impossible to solve.