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    人教版新目标中考语法讲解介词和介词短语课件PPT

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    这是一份人教版新目标中考语法讲解介词和介词短语课件PPT,共60页。PPT课件主要包含了考点攻略,语篇运用,易错集训,备考训练,in与at,表示交通方式,表示方向,介词的固定搭配等内容,欢迎下载使用。

    第一部分  语法专题
    第五节 介词和介词短语
    分析广东近几年的中考真题可知,介词为每年的必考点,主要出现在语法选择和短文填空中。
    at时间点,有n必有天,in指月季年,也和午相连。
    2.befre, after与in
    3.fr, since与frm
    4.by, until/till与during
    1.(2018广东改编)—Hw sn will we get the ffer frm a new high schl? — abut tw mnths.2.(2016广东改编)Many yung peple put mbile gaming _______ anything else, thinking little f their nrmal lives.3.Althugh my father is busy with his wrk, he ften makes meals fr us wrk every day.4.(2021江苏南通改编)My brther was a brn genius. He was able t read and write the age f 4.
    5.(2021辽宁大连改编)I ften d vlunteer wrk in the library Sundays.6.He didn't realize it was a big mistake years later.7.—I hear yu've taught here abut ten years. —Yes, I came t this schl in 2010.8.Li Hua keeps helping ut in the cmmunity mrning t evening.
    表示地点、方位的介词和介词短语
    2.between与amng
    3.ver, under, abve, belw, n与behind
    如:(1)Lk!A by is drawing n the bridge which is ver the river. 看!一个男孩正在河上的桥上画画。(2)There is a little cat under the desk.桌子下面有只小猫。(3)The plane is flying abve the cluds.飞机在云层上飞行。(4)Sandy lives three flrs belw me.桑迪住得比我低三层。(5)Jane liked standing behind her mther when she was six. 简在6 岁的时候喜欢站在妈妈身后。
    Tip:abve和belw还可以表示“温度高于/低于……”。如: Tmrrw the temperature will stay abve zer during the day, arund 9℃. Hwever, it will be belw zer at night. 明天白天 的温度会保持在零度以上,大约9摄氏度。然而,在夜间会降到零度 以下。
    Tips: (1)在地理位置上只有属于同一个国家或范围才可以用in。 如:日本属于亚洲,广东属于中国。 (2)在地理位置上n和t必须是同一级别的才可以用。 如:日本与中国相离用t,但是不能说日本与广东相离。
    5.acrss, thrugh, ver与past▲acrss,指从物体的表面穿过,强调从一边到另一边。 如:walk acrss the rad▲thrugh,强调指从物体内部通过。如:g thrugh the gate▲ver,指从上方经过;跨越。如:fly ver the wall▲past,指从旁边经过,意义与by相似。如:walk past a bank= pass a bank
    Tips: (1)一般情况下,“动词+acrss”相当于crss。crss作动词,意 为“穿过,越过,横跨”,主要指在物体表面上横穿。如: Lk left and right befre yu g acrss/crss the rad. 左右看一看,然后再过马路。 (2)一般情况下,“动词+past”相当于pass。pass作动词,表示 “通过,经过”。如: As she walked past/passed the library dr, the telephne began t ring. 她经过图书馆门口时,电话开始响了。
    6.in frnt f与in the frnt f
    7.in the tree与n the tree in the tree指在树上的外来物,n the tree指树本身的果实、叶子等。如: Jack put his schlbag in the tree and picked the apples n the tree. 杰克把他的书包放到树上,并摘了树上的苹果。 Tip: here, there, hme, abrad, upstairs, dwnstairs等地点副词前面不用介词。
    9.I will arrive the high­speed railway statin Shenzhen next Friday.10.—Mm, I can't find my jacket. D yu knw where it is? —Maybe it is yur bed. 11.(2021青海改编)Lk! The sun is shining directly int the car. Yu'd better park it the tree.
    12.There is a bridge the river. And he ften walks ______ the bridge t play with his friends.13.(2021江苏无锡改编)The sun shne the windw and left a tiny rainbw n the wall.14.(2021贵州铜仁改编)—Taiwan lies the sutheast f China, and it is the east f Fujian. —OK, I want t visit it sme day.
    表示方式、手段、工具和方向等的介词
    Tips: (1)by+表示交通工具的单数名词,相当于take a+交通工具的单 数名词。 (2)特殊情况:n ft表示“步行”;drive a car表示“开车”; ride a bike表示“骑自行车”。
    2.表示方式、手段、工具
    拓展:with的其他用法(1)表示伴随,意为“和……一起;具有;带有”,如: I visited the Cantn Twer with my parents last mnth. 上个月我和父母 参观了广州塔。 A yung wman came in with a cup f cffee. 一个年轻女子端着一杯咖啡 走了进来。(2)表示具有(某种特征),如: She is tall and slim with bright blue eyes. 她又高又苗条,还有一双明亮的 蓝眼睛。(3)表示原因,如: We jumped up and dwn with jy. 我们高兴得上下跳跃。
    15.(2019广东改编)I think tea will taste better sme milk in it.16.(2017广东改编)It's very kind yu t lend me yur reusable shpping bags.17.Sme peple may feel sick when they read a bk a car r a bus.18.It takes me twenty minutes t g t wrk subway.19.What will yu d if yu dn't understand what yur teacher has said Chinese?
    拓展: be made f 意为“由……制成”(可以看出原材料);be made frm 意为“由……制成”(看不出原材料)。如: The chpsticks are made f wd. 筷子是由木材做的。 Wine is made frm grapes. 葡萄酒是由葡萄做的。
    20.In the last few mnths, the teachers have given lessns n the Internet anchrs(主播). 21.Befre yu g t Canada, yu need t learn mre it.22.I’m building a factry in the city because it is bad fr the envirnment.
    23.All f us helped t clean up the ld peple’s hme ________ Eric. He lked after his little sister at hme.24.(2021贵州黔东南州改编)Ms. Huang was very pleased because her husband and daughter bught a beautiful dress her n her birthday.25.Tm is a gd swimmer and he can swim a fish in the swimming pl.
    1.介词与名词的搭配 at hme 在家 in the end 最后in surprise 惊奇地 n business 出差by the way 顺便说一下 n ft 步行in fact 事实上 n hliday 度假in persn 亲自 n time 准时in public 当众 n ne's way t 在某人去……的路上in time 及时 with/withut ne's help 在有/没有某人的帮助下
    2.动词与介词的搭配agree with同意 hear f 听说cme up with 提出;想出 lk frward t ding sth.盼望/期待做某事change... int... 把……变成…… pay fr 付费;为……付出代价talk abut 讨论 get int陷入;参与think f 想起;认为 get t 到达hear frm sb.收到某人的信 wrry abut 担心
    3.形容词与介词的搭配be gd at 擅长…… be different frm 与……不同be interested in 对……感兴趣 be afraid f 害怕be excited abut 对……感到兴奋 be fnd f 喜欢be serius abut 认真对待 be full f 充满……的be sure abut 对……有把握 be prud f 为……而自豪be/get ready fr为……做准备 be similar t 与……相似be angry with 生……的气 be busy with 忙于……
    二、句型类1.What/hw abut ging t the z? 去动物园怎么样?2.—What des yur mther lk like? 你妈妈长什么样? —She is tall with big eyes. 她很高,有一双大眼睛。3.—What is yur sister like? 你姐姐(妹妹)怎么样? —She is utging and funny. 她既外向又有趣。4.It's time fr me t g hme. 我该回家了。
    5.It is difficult fr me t finish the task. 完成这项任务对我来说是 困难的。6.There is smething wrng with my bike. 我的自行车出故障了。7.Thank yu fr yur help. 谢谢你的帮助。8.He desn't spend much time n his study/in studying. 他在学习 上花的时间不多。
    26.I met Nancy my way hme yesterday.27.Jack, it's time us t have English class nw. Hurry up!28.—I think drinking milk every mrning is gd fr ur health. —Yes. I agree yu.29.(2021安徽改编)—Yur village is really beautiful! —Thank yu. fact, all the villages here have taken n a new lk.
    一、介词在语法选择中的运用 分析广东近两年的中考语法选择可知,介词考查了2次{2021(34.between), 2020(31.with)}。针对该考点,考生需要根据句式结构和上下文语境,判断介词在句中的用法。
    1.方位介词作状语,根据上下文语境判断
    2.介词在句中表伴随,根据上下文语境判断
    30 a histry f mre than 3,000 years, Hanfu has had different styles in different dynasties(朝代).(   )30.A.fr B.since C.by D.with
    二、介词在短文填空中的运用 分析广东近五年的中考短文填空可知,介词考查了5次{2021(67.fr), 2020(67.at), 2019(72.f), 2018(71.in), 2017(71.withut)}。针对该考点,考生需要根据句式结构和上下文语境,判断介词在句中的用法,还要注意常见的固定搭配。
    1.介词作时间状语,根据上下文语境判断
    解析:because f表示“由于”,后面跟名词或名词短语。“hard wrk”为名词短语,故填f。
    3.介词作后置定语,根据上下文语境判断
    (改编自21世纪学生英文报)During the lckdwn(隔离), Bill Guveia started giving chess lessns nline. He starts 31. teaching hwt set up a chessbard and hw different pieces mve arund. Later he teaches kids 32. gd and bad chess decisins.
    二、介词固定搭配易错点。
    1.It's necessary us t wear masks(口罩) in public places during the COVID­19 perid.2.We have a gegraphy lessn at three 'clck Thursday afternn.3.—Hw d yu study fr a test,Annie?  —I study wrking with a grup.4.The ancient twn has been pen t visitrs abut ten years.
    5.(2021云南昆明改编)Since 1921, the Cmmunist Party f China(中 国共产党) has been leading the Chinese peple a better life. 6.—Many peple have been back t their wrk March 5th. —Cities are brught back t life.7.—Did yu see Mr.Green recently? —Yes,but I nly saw him nce my stay in Paris.8.(2021安徽改编)Our cuntry has made great prgress in the fight blue skies and clear waters.
    9.The Great Wall winds its way high muntains,__________ deep valleys(山谷) and great deserts(沙漠).10.Yu'd better nt hang ut after schl telling yur parents.They may wrry abut yu.
    一、语法选择(2021汕头濠江区一模改编) Here is an interesting experience I had last Sunday. I gt up 1 the usual time and had breakfast. I heard a funny nise while I 2 . I thught it came frm 3 the cker(厨灶). But when I mved it, I culdn't see anything.
    I rang my uncle fr his advice. He said it culd be a gas leak(煤气泄漏). When I heard this, I was s scared that I immediately put the phne dwn and drve 4 the lcal plice statin. Right at the gate, I remembered that my huse didn't have gas but nly electricity(电)! I felt really stupid and started heading back hme 5 what the nise was. In the street, I saw a lst­and­fund ntice 6 a mnkey that ran ut f the City Safari Park last night.
    When I gt hme, I heard 7 funny nise again. I held my breath and pened the dr slwly. Guess what? I saw the mnkey 8 my cupbard(橱柜)! As it lked 9 , I fed it with a banana and then I drve it t the park. The zkeepers were really pleased that it 10 back and gave me a reward f $50! Hw interesting my experience was!
    (   )1.A.n B.in C.at D.fr(   )2.A.eat B.ate C.have eaten D.was eating(   )3.A.n B.behind C.amng D.ver(   )4.A.t B.at C.thrugh D.past
    (   )5.A.find ut B.fund ut C.t find ut D.finding ut(   )6.A.against B.abut C.with D.as(   )7.A./ B.a C.an D.the(   )8.A.acrss B.in C.f D.under
    (   )9.A.hunger B.hungers C.hungry D.hungrily(   )10.A.sends B.sent C.is sent D.was sent
    二、短文填空  Du Fu, ne f the greatest pets in China, is familiar t mst f us. Hwever, peple in western cuntries knw little 1._______ him. Recently, the BBC's ne­hur dcumentary(纪录片) intrduces the great 2. t western audiences. As the first English­language film abut Du, it 3. him t Dante and Shakespeare wh were tw f the greatest literature masters(文学大师) f the West.
    It als intrduces the pet's life experiences in detail. Du was brn in 712 and lived 4. hard life. Du never stpped writing, althugh life was 5. fr him. Even thugh he never held a high psitin in the gvernment, Du still cared abut cmmn peple. The dcumentary explains why Du's wrks have been ppular 6. centuries. Chinese peple really value the recrding f histry and Du is better than anyne 7. reflecting(反映) histry in his petry. That's because histrical events are mirrred in 8. wn life.
    hard/difficult
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