人教版新目标中考语法讲解　形容词和副词课件PPT

这是一份人教版新目标中考语法讲解　形容词和副词课件PPT，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了考点攻略，语篇运用，易错集训，备考训练，第六节　形容词和副词，形容词变副词，规则变化，不规则变化，比较级，potatoes等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一部分　 语法专题
分析广东几近年的中考真题可知，形容词和副词为每年的必考点，主要出现在语法选择、完形填空和短文填空中。
形容词、副词的用法辨析一、形容词的用法1．形容词的基本用法 形容词在句中主要作定语和表语，也可以作状语、补语等成分。作定语 时修饰名词或代词(一般为不定代词)，修饰名词时常位于名词前，修饰 不定代词时常位于不定代词后；作表语时和系动词连用，构成系表结构。 如： (1)The ld man died n a cld mrning.(作定语) 这个老人死于一 个寒冷的早晨。
(2)I have smething imprtant t discuss with yu.(作定语) 我有一 些重要的事与你讨论。(3)He arrived hme，hungry and cld．(作状语，可放句首或句末) 他回到家，又饿又冷。(4)The gd news made everyne happy．(作宾补) 这个好消息使每 个人高兴。(5)Peple had t burn cal t keep warm in winter. 人们在冬天得靠 烧煤保暖。
2．形容词的特殊用法(1)­ed形容词，指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人；­ing形容词，指事物 对人的影响，主语一般是物。如： The by is interested in the interesting film. 这个男孩对有趣的电 影很感兴趣。(2)基数词＋度量词＋形容词。如：2 meters wide 2米宽；8 years ld 8岁
(3)系动词＋动词的过去分词。如：be lst 迷路；be/get married 结婚； get dressed (自己)穿衣服(4)形容词＋连字符“­”＋名词＋“­ed”。如：a kind­hearted man 一个 心地善良的人
二、副词的用法1．副词的分类
2.副词的用法 副词通常作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。也可作定语、 表语或宾补等成分。如：(1)She parked the car very easily. (作状语)她停车非常容易。(2)The peple there were very kind. (作定语)那里的人非常善良。(3)Is the radi n r ff? (作表语)收音机是开着的还是关着的？(4)I'm pleased t see yu back. (作宾补)见到你回来我很高兴。
Tips: (1)有些形容词和副词是同形的，如：fast, early, hard, straight等。 This is hard wrk. We have t wrk hard. 这是困难的工作。我们必 须努力工作。(2)有些形容词加上­ly之后变成副词，但意义和原来差别很大。如：hard, hardly等。 He wrks hard but he can hardly make any prgress. 他努力工作但几 乎没有任何进步。
(3)某些以­ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。如：friendly, lively, lvely, lnely, silly, rderly等。 The peple arund me are very friendly. 我周边的人都很友好。(4)enugh作形容词时，意为“足够的”，放在名词前；作副词时，意为“足够 地”，放在形容词、副词的后面(简单记忆法：enugh位于名前，形副后)。如： They had enugh cash fr a ne­way ticket. 他们有足够的现金买一张单程。 I was ld enugh t wrk and earn mney. 我到了可以工作、挣钱的年龄。
1．(2018广东改编)—My grandpa practices playing the guitar _______ (hardly/hard) in the university fr the elderly every day. —Cl! It's never t ld t learn.2．(2017广东改编)We can cllect rainwater when it rains _________ (heavy), and use it t water plants.
3．(2021辽宁营口改编)The news made him . (excite)4．The ld man climbed the hill very (slw)．5．(2021辽宁铁岭改编)In rder t prtect his eyes, he __________ (seldm/usually) uses electrnic prducts.6．(2021山西改编)The cmputer desk in the stre is s __________ that I can't affrd it.
形容词、副词的比较等级一、形容词、副词的比较等级的构成 形容词、副词的比较等级的变化规则分三大类：1.比较级以­er或最高级以­est结尾；2.比较级加mre/less，最高级加mst；3.六个不规则变化。特别注意的是：三大类变化规则不可以同时出现。
形容词的比较等级的变化比较级要变化，一般词尾加­er；词尾若有哑音e，直接加­r就可以；一辅重读闭音节，辅音字母要双写；辅音字母加­y，需要把y改为i；最高级加­est，前面加the莫忘记；形容词若是多音节，只把mre, mst前面写。
Tip: 在谈论地点、方向或距离时，farther和further可以互换；表示 “进一步；更多”等含义时，通常用further。如： My hme is farther/further than yurs frm schl. 我家比你 家离学校远。 Tm went abrad fr further study. 汤姆出国深造了。
二、形容词、副词比较等级的用法1．原级比较
Tip: 常见的修饰比较级的词/词组：much, a lt, far, a little, a bit, even(简单记忆法：三多两少一甚)。
3．最高级最高级常用于三者或三者以上的人或事物的比较。形容词最高级前一般要加the，但有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰时，前面不加the。
Tips: 比较级与最高级之间的转化★同一范围的比较：最高级＝比较级＋than＋如：Tm is the tallest student in his class. 汤姆是他班里最高的学生。＝Tm is taller than any ther student in his class. (和同一个班的 学生进行比较)＝Tm is taller than the ther students in his class.
any ther+可数名词复数the ther+可数名词复数
★不同范围的比较：比较级＋than any ＋可数名词单数如：China is larger than any cuntry in Eurpe.中国比欧洲的任何国 家都大。(中国不属于欧洲，不是同一范围)对比：China is larger than any ther cuntry in Asia. ＝China is larger than the ther cuntries in AsiA． (中国属于亚洲，是同 一范围)
提示：“带有ther”的就指同一范围。★“否定词＋比较级”也可表示最高级含义。常用于“I have never seen/heard/…＋比较级”，表示“我从来没有见过/听过/……比 ……更……”。如： The tree is s tall. I've never seen a taller ne befre. 这棵树 太高了。我以前从未见过比它更高的。
肯定句中用最高级。常用于“This is the＋最高级＋that I have ever seen/heard/…”，表示“这是我曾经见过的/听过的/……最……”。如：This is the highest muntain that I have ever seen. 这是我曾经见过的最高的山。
7．(2019广东改编)A mbile phne with 5G can send vides much _______ (fast) than the ne with 4G.8．(2019广东改编)Fishing is ne f the mst ppular______________ (activity) amng the middle­aged peple.9．(2018广东改编)—What d yu think f the mvie Operatin Red Sea? —Wnderful. I've never seen a mvie (exciting) than it.
mre exciting
10．(2017广东改编)It's believed that playing cmputer games t much des (much) harm than gd.11．(2016广东改编)Amng the fur seas ff the cast f China, East China Sea is the secnd (deep)．12．(2021湖北黄石改编)Dr.Yuan Lngping had a dream that he culd develp rice as (large) as peanuts(花生)．　13．Alice, Helen and Linda tk part in the singing cmpetitin last Sunday. Wh sung (beautifully)?
the mst beautifully
14．(2021四川达州改编)—Which cuntry has a (big) ppulatin, China r Canada?—China． Canada is a lt (little) crwded than China．15．(2021辽宁鞍山改编)—D yu want t buy the chair?—N. I want t buy a bigger ne because it may be much________ (cmfrtable)．16．(2021湖南郴州改编)I think the (early) children learn t lk after themselves, the (gd) it is fr their future.
形容词、副词词义辨析分析广东近五年的中考真题可知，形容词、副词的词义辨析为每年的必考点，主要出现在完形填空中。以下是广东常考的形容词、副词归纳：形容词：Aactive 积极的；活跃的Bbred 无聊的，厌倦的
Ccrazy 疯狂的；热衷的；狂热的Eeasy 容易的；轻易的excited 激动的；兴奋的
Ffavrite 特别喜爱的fresh 新鲜的；清新的；凉爽的full 满的；丰富的future 将来的；未来的Ggd 好的
Hhnest 诚实的；正直的Iimprtant 重要的interested 感兴趣的Kkind 体贴的；友好的
L lng 长的Nnervus焦虑的；担忧的nrmal 正常的；一般的
Ppast 过去的patient 有耐心的ppular 受欢迎的present 当前的prud 骄傲的；自豪的public 大众的；公共的
Qquick 快的；迅速的quiet 安静的Rrecent 近来的relaxed 放松的；冷静的right 正确的；适当的
Sshrt 短的similar 相似的simple 简单的；易于理解的strange 奇怪的Tthick 厚的thin 薄的
Uuseful 有用的Wweak 虚弱的；无力的wide 宽的；广泛的wrried 担心的；担忧的
副词：Ccarelessly 粗心地clearly 清楚地；清晰地cmpletely 完全
Eexcitedly 兴奋地；激动地Fflishly 愚蠢地Llazily 懒惰地lightly 轻柔地；草率地luckily 幸运地
Online 在线地Ppeacefully 平静地；和平地prbably 可能quickly 迅速地；很快地
Ssadly 悲伤地；伤心地safely 安全地seriusly 严重地；严肃地silently 沉默地simply 简单地suddenly 突然
短语：be prud f 以……而骄傲be bred f 对……感到厌烦be relaxed abut 轻松看待……be excited abut 对……感到兴奋be pleased with 对……感到满足a little 一点儿mre than 多于；超过
一、形容词、副词在语法选择中的运用 分析广东近两年的中考语法选择可知，形容词、副词考查了3次{形容词的最高级考查了1次：2021(31.the lngest)；副词的原级考查了1次：2021(40.excitedly)；形容词的比较级考查了1次：2020(34.better)}。该考点主要考查形容词、副词原级、比较级、最高级的用法及同根词的词义辨析。考生需要根据句式结构和上下文语境或固定搭配来确定答案。
句式结构判断法( )31.A．lnger B．the lnger C．lngest D．the lngest解析：in the wrld意为“在世界上”，表示范围。由“It's”可知空处作表语。形容词的最高级前加the，故选D。
( )40.A．excite B．excited C．excitedly D．excitement解析：空处位于动词后，修饰动词。副词修饰动词，故选C。
( )34.A．gd B．better C．best D．the best解析：由空后的名词“understanding”可知，空处需要用形容词；由“than”可知空处要用比较级，故选B。
(2021广州语法选择节选)There was nce a farmer wh had a large field f crn. He wrked n it with the 17 care, but the crn was dying because there had been n rains fr a lng time. He felt very 18 ．
(　 　)17.A．great B．greater C．much greater D．greatest(　 　)18.A．sad B．sadder C．sadly D．sadness
二、形容词、副词在完形填空中的运用 分析广东近五年的中考完形填空可知，形容词、副词考查了15次{形容词考查了9次：2021(43.right), 2021(50.future), 2020(43.ppular), 2020(44.shrt), 2019(51.wrried), 2019(54.hnest), 2018(51.full), 2017(47.interested), 2017(55.imprtant)；副词考查了6次：2021(42.seriusly), 2020(45.suddenly), 2020(47.cmpletely), 2019(52.still), 2018(54.sadly), 2017(48.quickly)}。该考点主要考查形容词、副词原级的词义辨析。考生需要根据句式结构和上下文语境或固定搭配来确定答案。
1．固定搭配(2021广东完形填空节选)…Last mnth, a space agency(机构) tld the public that they were 41. lking fr public that they were 41. lking fr ( )42.A．simply B．lightly C．seriusly D．clearly解析：take… seriusly意为“认真对待……”，是固定搭配，故选C。
2．上下文判断法( )43.A．right B．kind C．imprtant D．favrite解析：由上文可知，作者写信说想要这份工作；作者在下文列举了自己可以胜任这份工作的优势。由此可知，作者认为自己是最适合这份工作的人。right正确的；kind和蔼的；imprtant重要的；favrite最喜爱的。故选A。
( )45.A．silently B．flishly C．carelessly D．suddenly解析：由语境可知，当他要离开的时候，店主“突然”告诉他耳朵现在有特价优惠。suddenly表示“突然地，出乎意料地”，指某事发生得快且出乎意料。故选D。
3．关联词汇判断法( )44.A．lng B．shrt C．thick D．thin解析：由下文“他想换长发”可推测出，他的“短发”与他的新面貌不匹配。lng的反义词是shrt，故选B。
( )52.A．still B．never C．Usually D．almst解析：由上文“我对她很生气”和下文“was mad at”可推测出，Cindy“仍然”生Anna的气。still仍然；never从不；usually通常；almst几乎。故选A。
My sister's white bluse had a large pening n the back. My wife tk it ver and checked 19 ， and then said,“Let me take it hme and repair it.”Three days went past, and I was 20 t see it again: all the penings were sewed up by thin and 21 thread and they lked like the ice crystal(晶体) n winter's branches(树枝) in the nrth. She 22 made a lvely snwman and a wden huse n the bluse. I said with praise, “It's just as 23 as a piece f art.”
(　 　)19.A．carefullyB．excitedly C．sadly D．happily(　 　)20.A．lucky B．sad C．wrried D．surprised(　 　)21.A．black B．white C．red D．yellw
(　 　)22.A．really B．nce C．even D．just(　 　)23.A．beautiful B．necessary C．imprtant D．strange
三、形容词、副词在短文填空中的运用分析广东近五年的中考短文填空可知，形容词、副词考查了10次{形容词考查了6次：2021(72.prud), 2020(73.little), 2019(76.favrite), 2018(74.wide/lng), 2018(75.such), 2017(76.easy)；副词考查了3次：2019(73.ag), 2018(76.Hwever), 2017(79.nline)；比较级考查了1次：2020(75.mre)}。该考点主要考查形容词、副词的词形转换。考生需要根据句式结构和上下文语境或固定了搭配来确定答案。
1．句式结构和上下文判断法(1)形容词在be动词后作表语解析：由上文“这些书使世界对中国有了更全面的了解”可以推测出，他(老潘)做了一件很有意义的事，所以他(老潘)对他做的事情应该感到“自豪”。be prud f意为“以……而骄傲”，该空在be动词后作表语，故填prud。
解析：由上文可知，史密斯一家对科技(上网)很痴迷，以至于他们很少在一起做事。所以可以推测出，回到没有互联网的正常生活对他们一家人来说应该是不“容易的”，尤其是当他们一家人都沉浸于互联网的时候。easy意为“容易的”，是形容词，在be nt后作表语，故填easy。
(2)根据句子时态，判断时间副词解析：由“bught”可知，本句的时态是一般过去时，“一段时间＋ag”表示“……前”，用在一般过去时中，故填ag。
(3)形容词在名词前，作定语解析：空处修饰名词“singer”。由下文“我如此喜欢他，以至于……”可以推测出，他是我“最喜欢的”歌手。favrite意为“特别喜爱的”，是形容词，可以修饰名词，故填favrite。
(4)形容词在名词后，作后置定语，常用在“基数词＋度量词＋形容词”结构中，说明年龄、长度、宽度、高度等解析：下文的“sixteen feet”与上文的“fifty feet”相对应，由下文的形容词“high”可推测出空处应该填表示“宽/长”的形容词。由于该墙是在院子里，所以50英尺“宽”或50英尺“长”都是可以的。wide意为“宽的”，是形容词，lng意为“长的”，是形容词，故填wide/lng。
(5)副词修饰整个句子解析：由上文“他们不知道他们的父亲为什么要给他们这么艰巨的任务”和下文“他们以‘再来一块砖’的态度，在6个月期间重建了这面墙”可知，空前和空后表示转折。由空后的逗号(，)和空处修饰整个句子可判断空处应填hwever。hwever意为“然而”，是副词，单独使用，表示转折，后面常用逗号(，)和句子隔开。故填Hwever。
(6)副词修饰动词解析：空处修饰动词“buy”，所以要用副词。由下文“不使用互联网”可推测出，史密斯夫妇需要外出买东西，因为他们不能“在网上”买东西。nline意为“在线地”，副词，可以修饰动词，故填nline。
2．固定搭配解析：由下文“她打算把钱花在给贫穷孩子买衣服、玩具和书上”可推测出，她有足够多的钱。mre than意为“超过；多于”，是固定搭配，故填mre。
附：常见的时间副词固定搭配
My father wrks every day 24. int the night, smetimes even frgetting t eat dinner, and gets up early as well. Even when he's at hme, he always thinks abut his wrk and 25. ever spends any time with my mther and me.
一、固定用法的误用。1．—Which sweater d yu (like best/prefer), the yellw ne r the pink ne? —Neither. I like a light blue ne.2．—Amng the subjects, Mary's favrite subject is English.—Yu mean that Mary likes English (well/best)．
二、隐含比较。3．The children lved their day trip, and they enjyed the hrse ride (mst/mre)．4．I think watching TV every evening is a waste f time. There are __________________ (meaningful) things t d.
mre meaningful
5．—If yu dn't like the red cat, take the blue ne. —OK, but d yu have a (large) size in blue？This ne is a bit small fr me.
三、比较级表示最高级。6．Tm cared (much) fr thers than fr himself.7．Nbdy can d the wrk (well) than he des.8．—Hw is yur recent trip t the muntain?—I've never had a (pleasant) ne befre.
mre pleasant
1．This camera is t expensive. I'll buy a ne because I dn't have enugh mney.2．Helen is the persn in her family. Her tw elder sisters are bth married.3．The prblem is s that n ne can wrk it ut.
hard/difficult
4．In China, when yur guest's cup is ， yu shuld fill it with tea．5．—Of all the students, Wang Lin did in the final exam this term again. —That's nt strange. He always gets full marks in all f his subjects.
6．(2021辽宁辽阳改编)Our teacher ften warns us it's t leave much persnal infrmatin n the Internet. 7．Nthing is as (use) as a flashlight(手电筒) in a dark night.8．There is nly ten minutes left, s they run t schl (quick)．
9．(2021云南昆明改编)It's unbelievable that muntains can grw. Accrding t a recent survey, Qmlangma has risen ________ (high) than befre. 10．—Hw d yu like Harry Ptter and the Philspher's Stne? —It is (interesting) bk I have read since Grade Tw.
the mst interesting
一、语法选择 One day, a restaurant was very busy. A yung man tk his ld father t the restaurant fr 1 evening dinner. As the ld man was very weak, he drpped fd n his shirt and trusers while 2 . Other peple 3 him in disgust(反感) while his sn was calm.
All the peple turned away frm the father and the sn ne after anther. After the ld man finished eating, his sn 4 tk him t the washrm t clean ff the fd particles(饭粒) and the dirty marks. When they came ut, all the peple in the restaurant were watching them 5 silence. They were unable t understand 6 smene culd embarrass himself like that in public. The sn paid the bill 7 walked ut with his father.
When they were ging t step ut, an ld man in the restaurant called ut t the sn and asked him, “Dn't yu think yu 8 smething behind？” The sn replied, “N, sir, I haven't.” The ld man said, “Yes, yu have! Yu've left a gd lessn fr every sn.”
The restaurant went silent. All the peple lked at the sn with regret and then, with great respect fr bth the father and the sn. The man cntinued,“T care fr thse wh nce cared fr us is ne f 9 hnrs. We all knw that we 10 fr by ur parents fr every little thing befre. S lve them, respect them, and care fr them.”
(　 　)1.A．/ B．a C．an D．the(　 　)2.A．eat B．eating C．eats D．t eat(　 　)3.A．watch B．was watchingC．have watched D．watched
(　 　)4.A．quietly B．quiet C．slw D．slwly(　 　)5.A．in B．with C．t D．by(　 　)6.A．what B．hw C．when D．which
(　 　)7.A．r B．but C．and D．s(　 　)8.A．have left B．are leaving C．were leavingD．leave(　 　)9.A．high B．higher C．the highest D．much higher(　 　)10.A．were caring B．are caring C．are cared D．were cared
二、完形填空(2021汕头潮阳区铜盂镇模拟改编) I had t many things t d and always felt busy. Whenever my daughter caused me t change my plans, I 1 thught t myself, “We dn't have time fr this.” S the tw wrds I always said t her were: Hurry up.
The ther day, the tw f us rde t a 2 near ur hme. After shpping I bught her an ice­cream, and she sat dwn at a table happily. Suddenly a 3 lk appeared n her face. “D I have t eat it up in a hurry, Mum？” I nearly cried when hearing this—the pains f a hurried life influenced my pr girl s 4 ！ I thught f the times when I rushed my child thrugh life. I began 5 what really matters in life…
As she lked at me waiting t knw if she culd take her time, I knew I had t make a 6 . “Yu dn't have t hurry. Just 7 it.” I said gently. Her whle face brightened and her shulders relaxed. We sat side by side and talked abut things that bth f us 8 ．
When she gt t the last bite(一口), she held it ut t me. “I saved the last bite fr yu, Mum，” she said 9 . At that time, I realized I shuldn't have 10 the beautiful mments with my child. I gave my child a little time… and in return, she gave me her last bite. It reminded me that things taste sweeter and lve is easier t get when yu stp rushing thrugh life.
(　 　)1.A．hardly B．always C．never D．seldm(　 　)2.A．statin B．schl C．restaurant D．market(　 　)3.A．wrried B．tired C．excited D．surprised
(　 　)4.A．mstly B．crrectly C．deeply D．suddenly(　 　)5.A．explaining B．frgetting C．discussing D．wndering(　 　)6.A．wish B．Plan C．mark D．chice
(　 　)7.A．deal B．enjy C．avid D．raise(　 　)8.A．were gd at B．were interested in C．were ready fr D．were famus fr(　 　)9.A．cheerfully B．calmly C．sadly D．wisely(　 　)10.A．hung up B．put up C．given up D．made up
三、短文填空Smetimes peple's wrds are nt easily understd.A man learned this lessn. He had been cllecting 1._________ and piling(堆) them high n his wagn(马车). His wagn was ______ with ptates. He decided t head hme, fr it was getting late. He nticed a small by alng the radside and stpped t3. fr directins.
“Yung by，” he said, “it's late and I must get hme sn. Hw 4. will it take t get t my village frm here？”5. by answered, “If yu g slwly, it will take nly a shrt while fr yu t get hme. But if yu g 6. ， it will take a lng time and yu will nt get there until late in the night.”
The man culd nt understand the by's answer. He hit his hrse t make 7. hurry. The hrse began t run quickly. But sn, ptates began t fall frm the wagn. Each time, the man gt 8. t cllect the fallen ptates.