高考英语专题复习 定语从句 考点例析优质课件

这是一份高考英语专题复习 定语从句 考点例析优质课件，共47页。PPT课件主要包含了练习题等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Cmplex sentence 复合句：
由连词连接两个或多个主谓结构的句子，其中一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分（主句），另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分（如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语）。
一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分（主句）
另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分（定语）
The students (wh d nt study hard )will nt pass the exam.
在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。 定语从句还叫做嵌入句，因形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句。
Attributive clause:
定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。
wh(主语、宾语)，whm(宾语)，that(主语、宾语), whse(定语)
that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)whse(定语)
where (地点状语)
when (时间状语)
限制性定语从句 restrictive
非限制性定语从句nn-restrictive
是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语， 如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。
和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句， 写时往往逗号分开。
I was the nly persn wh was invited.in my ffice
Jenny, with whm I played table tennisyesterday, lives in my next rm.
The man wh came here yesterday has cme again.
That is Mr. Wang, whse daughter teaches English at a middle schl.
注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用wh(主语),whm(宾语)，指物时须用which.
考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词
1、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。 用什么关系副词看先行词。
I will never frget the days (______ I stayed with yu).
Jurassic Park is abut a park ______ (a very rich man keeps differentKinds f dinsaurs).
1958 was the year ______ (Spielberg made his first real film).
Please give me the reasn _____ (yu made such a great success).
Mrning is the best time ______ (yu practise reading alud).
D yu remember the lake _____ (yu first met yur girlfriend.）
3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。
Kunming is a beautiful place ______ ( flwers are seen all the year rund).
Octber 1st is the day ________ ( new China was funded).
The windw ( ______ was pened this mrning) has been brken.
Which that
The meeting ( ______ will be held next week) is very imprtant.
2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物 动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。
Yesterday we went t visit the huse ______ (the great writer used t live).
The huse ______ (they built in 1987) stayed up in the earthquake.
which that /
Luckily nne f the peple _____ ( I knw) were killed in the earthquake.
whwhm that /
My father was brn in the year ______(the Secnd Wrld War brke ut).
__________________
考点二：that和which的选择
(1) that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况引导词只用that，不用which。
①当先行词为all, much, little, few, nne, smething, anything, everything, nthing等不定代词时，如： a. All that can be dne has been dne. b. I am sure she has smething (that) yu can brrw. c. There is little (that) the enemy can d besides surrender.
② 先行词被all, every, n, sme, any, little, much修饰时：
I’ve read all the bks (that) yu gave me.
③先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the best bk (that) I’ve ever read.
This is the first cmpsitin (that) he has written in English.
④先行词被the nly, the very, the last 修饰时。
That white flwer is the nly ne (that) I really like.This is the very bk (that) I want t find.
⑤ 当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用wh (whm)和which引导。如：
He talked abut the teachers and schls （that） he had visited.
⑥先行词是疑问词wh, which, what 时，定语从句用that而不用wh, (whm)和which引导。
Wh is the persn that is standing at the gate?Which f us that knws smething abut physics des nt knw this?What that is n the table belngs t me?
⑦ 当关系代词在从句中作表语时：
Mary is n lnger the girl (that) she used t be. China is n lnger the cuntry that it used t be.
Which可以引导非限定性定语从句，可用于介词后，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。 1 She heard a terrible nise, ______ brught her heart int her muth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 2. The weather turned ut t be gd, ___ was mre than we culd expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it
（2）只用which的情况
考点三：as与which引导的定语从句
※对这两个词作如下归纳：
1、如果定语放主句后，即引用as也可以用which. He failed t the exam, as (=which) is natural. Grammar is nt a dead rule, which (=as) I have said befre.
2、如果从句在主句前，这时要用as而不用which引导 定语从句。如：
As we all knw, his parents were killed in the war.
As we all knw, the earth is rund.
3.用于the same…as…,such…as…，as…as…, s…as…中，一般用as。e.g. Such bks as yu tell me are interesting.This is the same bk as I lent yu 和中as引导的是定语从句，as在从句中做主语或者宾语。中that引导的是结果状语从句。that在从句中不做成分。This is such a difficult prblem______ all f us can't wrk ut.This is such a difficult prblem______ all f us can't wrk it ut.
4.as代表前面主句意思时，有“正如…”之意，而which没有此意思，从句中的动词常是expect, knw, see, think, want, suppse等的固定搭配。
He wn the match, as we had expected. He agreed t the plan, as was t be expected. The plice were lking fr him, as he thught.
5. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be knwn，be said，be reprted等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。e.g. She has been late again, as was expected. Tm has made great prgress, which made us happy.
考点四：关系代词前介词的确定
1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g. Is that the newspaper ________ yu ften write articles?2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g. Can yu explain t me hw t use these idims _____________I’m sure.3. 根据句意，请体会：e.g. There is a telescple__________ I can see the star.
thrugh which
4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + f + 关系代词”的结构，如：e.g. There are 50 students in ur class, tw- thirds f whm have been t Beijing.
5. Whse从句可转换为“ f +关系代词”型，如：e.g. They live in a huse, whse dr pens t the suth.
They lived in a huse, f which the dr pens t the suth. They lived in a huse, the dr f which pen t the suth.
Henry, fr _____ life was hard, is nw rich.Henry, _____ life was hard, is nw rich.Henry, _____ cmpany I wrk, is nw rich.Henry, _____ sn I wrk, is nw rich.答案： whm; whse; in whse; with whse
关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/n/at…+which, where=in/n/at…+which, situatin,stage,pint,case,scene why=fr+which 介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。但lk after,lk fr,take care f,see t等不能拆、eg. 1. I wn’t frget the date ___________I was brn. 2. This is the rm __________ I lived. 3. I dn’t knw the reasn ____________he haven’t cme tday. 4. They have reached the pint _____they have t seperate with each ther.答案：1.when/ n which 2. where/ in which 3.why/ fr which 4.where
是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替?
The painting (__________ I lked) was painted by me.
The bk (______________ I heard) was written twenty years ag.
The pen (____________ she wrte that bk) can nw be seen ina museum.
Kunming is a beautiful place _____________ ( flwers are seen all the year rund).
where/in which
I will never frgt the day _____________ I first met yu n the ship.
n which/when
during which
The film (_____________I fell asleep) was very bring.
结论：只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。
1.定语从句与同位语从句的区别关系词that是否在从句中充当句子成分，再看that前的名词是否是一些抽象的名词如：idea, fact, thught, news等。She was nt the wman ______she used t be.The news ______he wn the game was true.
考点五：定语从句与其他从句的区别
2.定语从句与地点状语从句（看是否有先行词，如果有，就是定语从句，如果没有，就是状语从句）1. Rice desn’t grw well _______ there is nt enugh water. 2. I still remember the farm_____ my parents wrked ten years ag.3. The visitr asked the guide t take his picture _____ stands the famus twer.A. that B. where C. which D. there
where/ n which
3.定语从句与强调句强调句型中去掉It be… that后，句子仍然通顺，意义也依然完整，而定语从句去掉了It be… that后句子就不完整了。It is n the mrning f May 1st _____ I met Jhn at the airprt.It is the mrning f May 1st _____ I met Jhn at the airprt.It was in the small huse_____ was built with stnes by his father ____ he spent his childhd.--Where did yu find the dg?--It was in the huse _____ we played yesterday.
4.定语从句与并列句（注意用标点符号和连接词and, but等来区别。）1.Mr Li has three daughters, nne f________ is an Li has three daughters, but nne f__________ is a Li has three daughters; __________ are dctrs.答案：1.whm 2. them 3. Nne/They
1.紧缩型定语从句 结构是：介词+关系代词+ t have n rm ______ I can live.I have n rm_________________.She had nly 10 dllars _______she can buy a gift.She had nly 10 dllars _______________________
考点六：特殊式定语从句
2.含有插入语的定语从句。(先删去插入语或状语，原句句法结构仍然完整。)
常见的插入语有：I think (suppse, expect, believe, imagine，guess), in my pinin, t tell yu the truth等。The scientist has made anther discvery, ______ I believe is f great imprtance.A. that B. / C. which D. why
Anyne wh _______(break) the law will be punished．Thse wh ______(have) finished may g hme．He is the nly ne f the teachers wh ________(knw) French in ur schl．This is ne f the rms that _____(be) free nw．
考点七：定语从句中的主谓一致问题
5.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn frm.6. The student wh’s bk I had brrwed didn’t cme t schl tday.7. Wh is the wrker wh tk sme pictures f the factry.8. It is the ne f the best films which have been shwn third place which we are ging t visit is Hangzhu10.Which is knwn t all, many satellite are ging arund in the sky.
1、All______ is useful t us is gd.
A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whether
2、Is this factry ____ we visited last week.
A、whereB、thatC、whichD、the ne
3、She will never frget the day_____ she spent in Beijing.
A、whenB、whatC、whichD、why
4、This is the schl _______ my father wrked 20 years ag.
A、thatB、whenC、whichD、where
5、This is the very factry_______we visited last year.
A、thatB、whichC、whatD、the ne
6、The text is ne f the mst interesting stries_______learnt in the past three days.
A、that haveB、that have beenC、which hasD、which has been
7、The cllege wn’t take anyne _____ eyesight is weak.
A、whB、whseC、f whmD、which
8、Let me think f a prper situatin _______ this sentence can be used.
A、whereB、thatC、f whmD、which
9、The man _______ yu are talking is in the next rm.
A、t whmB、abut whmC、abut whD、whm
10、This is the last factry ___ he used t wrk at, many wrkers f _____ still have a gd relatinship with him.
A、that; itB、which; whmC、that; whichD、which; that
11、Thse _____ t take part in the game write dwn yur names.
A、whB、wh wantC、what wantsD、want
12、I，______ yu gd friend, will try my best t help yu ut.
A、wh is B、what is C、what am D、wh am
13、His walking stick, ____ he can’t walk, was lst yesterday.
A、thatB、with whichC、whichD、withut which
14、They have decided t finish their wrk, ______, I think is a wise chice.
A、thatB、whatC、whichD、whether
15、I dn’t like the way _____ he spke t me.
A、by thatB、whatC、by whichD、/
16、This is the nly thing _____ I can d nw.
A、whatB、whichC、thatD、all
17、There are three libraries in ur schl, _______ were built five years ag.
A、all f themB、either f themC、all f whichD、bth f that
18、He tld me the reasn _____ he didn’t cme here.
A、whichB、thatC、whyD、what
19、This is the reasn ______ he tld me.
A、thatB、whyC、n whichD、fr that