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2022年人教版英语中考语法(十)非谓语和主谓一致知识梳理学案
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这是一份2022年人教版英语中考语法(十)非谓语和主谓一致知识梳理学案,共7页。学案主要包含了非谓语动词,主谓一致等内容,欢迎下载使用。
非谓语动词
动词不定式
构成:t d
功能:作宾语,宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语、主语
常见后接不定式作宾语的动词(词组)
常见后接不定式作宾语补足语的动词
常见省略t的动词不定式
“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法
动词不定式的常见句型
动名词
构成:ding
功能:作宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语、主语
常见后接动名词作宾语的动词(词组)、介词、固定搭配、t作介词的短语
既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语的动词
分词
现在分词:ding
过去分词:dne
功能:作定语、表语、补足语、状语
主谓一致
A.语法一致
*主语和谓语动词在语法形式上保持一致
*谓语动词用单数形式:
主语为单数可数名词或代词、不可数名词
不定代词smething,anything,nthing,everyne,anybdy,nbdy等作主语
动词不定式或动词-ing形式作主语“each/every/either+名词”作主语
*谓语动词用复数形式:主语为复数可数名词或代词
用and或bth…and...连接并列主语
*主语后面有 with, tgether with, including, besides, except, as well as等时,谓语动词的单复数形式应
与主语的单复数形式保持一致
B.意义一致
*谓语动词的单复数要视主语所表达的单复数概念而定
*表示时间、距离、价格、质量等的复数名词或词组作主语时,一般被看作一个整体,谓语动词常用单数
*集体名词如 family,team,grup,class等看作整体时,谓语动词用单数;强调其中每一个成员时,谓语动词用复数
C.就近一致
*谓语动词的单复数取决于最靠近它的主语的单复数
*用neither nr.,either r,nt nly but als..等连接的并列主语,谓语动词的单复数与其邻近的主语保持一致
*在there be句型中,be动词的单复数要与其邻近的主语保持一致
考点一 非谓语动词
1.动词不定式
考点讲解
作主语:动词不定式作主语时常可转化为用it作形式主语。
T swim here is dangerus.
作表语:多数情况下,动词不定式作表语,可转换为作主语。
My jb is t lk after my sister.
作宾语:只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语。
I want t be an actr.
作宾语补足语:在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役动词后,不定式省略t。
She asked me t speak English.
作定语: 不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面。
D yu have anything t say?
作状语:不定式作状语,其辑主语要和句子的主语一致。
I cme here t see yu.
【拓展】
动词不定式可以和疑问词连用。
I dn’t knw what t d next.
I wnder hw t use it.
【巧学妙记】
只能跟不定式作宾语的动词
决心学会有希望(decide,learn,wish,hpe),
同意计划莫假装(agree,plan,pretend),
胆敢拒绝会失败(dare,refuse,fail),
准备设法来帮忙(prepare,try,manage,help),
提供请求负担起(ffer,beg,demand,affrd),
答应安排理应当(prmise,arrange,be suppsed),
以上后跟不定式,劝君牢记永不忘。
1.Last September,Thunder strm was shwn ________ Ca Yu, ne f China's greatest playwrights.
A.rememberB.rememberingC.rememberedD.t remember
2.When I was yung,my parents taught me ________lder peple kindly.
A.treatsB.t treatC.treatedD.treat
3.The villagers plan ________ a new bridge ver the river.
A.buildB.buildingC.t buildD.built
4.-Why dn’t the dctrs stp________ lunch? Because they are busy ________ a patient.
A.t have;t saveB.having;savingC.t have;savingD.having;t save
5.Our gvernment tries t d ________ everything peple live a better life.
A.t helpB.helpC.helpingD.helped
6.Teachers expect all their students ________ prgress day by day.
A.t makeB.makeC.t takeD.take
7.Reading is a gd way ________ the wrld.
A.fr knwB.fr knwsC.t knwD.t knws
8.We used ________ (have) a party t welcme ur new friend n weekends.
9.The teacher asked Ben ________ (answer) a questin in class.
2.动名词
考点讲解
作主语:谓语动词用单
Eating t much is bad fr yur health.
作宾语: 表示习惯性的动作
I like playing basketball very much.
Stamps are used fr sending letters.
作表语:多数情况下可转换为动名词作主语
His hbby is cllecting stamps.
作定语:只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等
Bill is in the reading rm.
【巧学妙记】
喜欢(enjy)不断(keep)提建议(suggest)
盼望(lk frward t)习惯(be used t)却完毕(finish)
想要(feel like)花费(spend)去练习(practice)
忍俊不禁(can’t help)还介意(mind)
推迟(put ff)忍受(stand)要放弃(give up)
后接动词-ing莫忘记
10.-Lk! There are sme students ________ basketball n the playgrund.
-Yes. I ften see them basketball there.
A.play;playB.play;playingC.playing;playD.playing;playing
11.It is hard fr peple t mve frward with a strng wind ________hard.
A.blwnB.blwing C.t blwD.blws
12.We can vercme all the difficulties by_________ tgether.
A.wrkB.wrksC.wrking D.wrked
13.The engineers will keep_________ the prject with the manager f the cmpany.
A.discuss B.discussedC.discussingD.t discuss
14.He spent tw hurs _________his mther with husewrk last Sunday.
A.helpingB.helpedC.t helpD.help
15.I really enjyed _____________(watch) the film again.
16.The wrried mther is lking frward t ___________(hear) frm her daughter.
考点二 主谓一致
考点讲解
1.语法一致原则
语法一致原则,就是句子的谓语动词同句子的主语在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是第三人称单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词也用第三人称单数形式;当主语是第一、第二、第三人称复数形式时,谓语动词也用复数形式。
Tm is an English by.
【拓展】
语法一致原则的其他用法:
(1)用and或 bth...and...连接的名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Tm and Mike are gd friends.
(2)不定代词 smething,smebdy,smene, everything, everybdy, everyne, anything, anybdy,
anyne,nthing,nbdy,n ne,either,neither 等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Is there anything wrng with yur car?
(3)由every...,every...and...,each...,each...and…作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Every by and every girl was given n new bk.
(4)由 with,tgether with,as well as 等词连接并列主语时,谓语动词的数和前面的主语保持一致。
Tm with his gd friends is ging t Beijing next week.
(5)lts f...,plenty f...,分数或百分数十名词作主语时,其谓语动词的形式取决于其后面的名词,如果是单数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;如果名词是复数形式,则谓语动词用复数形式。
e.g. Three fifths f the students are bys.
2.意义一致原则
意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语是单数还是复数要看主语所表达的概念。
e.g. My family is a big ne with ten peple.
【拓展】
意义一致原则的具体用法:
(1)表示金钱、时间、价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数形式。
Ten years is a lng time.
(2)family,class,grup,team和crwd等集体名词作主语时,如果表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示集体中的成员,谓语动词用复数形式。
My class is very gd.
My family all like playing basketball.
(3)“the+形容词”作主语时如果指一类人,谓语动词用复数形式,如果指抽象的概念其谓语动词
用单数。
The ld in ur twn are taken gd care f.
3.就近原则
就近原则又叫邻近原则,即谓语是单数还是复数要与最靠近它的主语保持一致。
Either yu r be is right.
【拓展】
就近一致原则的具体用法:
(1)由 either...r,neither nr,nt nly...but als...连接两个并列主语时,句子的谓语和较近的主语保持一致。
Neither Tm nr I am frm Japan.
(2)there(here)be结构中的谓语常与最近的主语保持一致。
There is a desk and ten chairs in the rm.
17.There ________ a TV set and tw chairs in the rm.
A.beB.isC.areD.am
18.Vlunteering ur time t help peple ________ a gd way t learn new things.
A.amB.isC.areD.be
19.I plan t travel t America next mnth, and I think 2,000 dllars ________ enugh.
A.wasB.areC.isD.were
20.Nt nly Jim but als his sister ________ a few cities in the suth since they came t China.
A.have visitedB.has visitedC.visitedD.visits
21.Beijing Opera,an imprtant part f Chinese culture, ________ (have) a histry f ver 200 years.
22.Safety ________ (cme) first.
Keys:1-5.DBCCA 6- have 9.10answer10-
21.has 22.cmes
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