2022年人教版英语中考语法(十二)宾语从句和定语从句知识梳理学案

这是一份2022年人教版英语中考语法(十二)宾语从句和定语从句知识梳理学案，共5页。
宾语从句
*连接词: that
连接代词：what，which，wh，whse，whm
连接副词：when，where，why，hw
if/whether
*语序：陈述句语序
*时态：三大原则
定语从句
关系代词：that，which，wh，whm，whse
关系副词：when，where，why
考点一宾语从句
考点讲解
1．宾语从句的引导词
（1）that引导宾语从句时，无实际意义，不充当成分，只起引导作用，在口语中往往省略。陈述句作宾语从句时用that引导。
We knw（that） we shuld study hard.
（2）whether／if引导宾语从句时，不充当任何成分，常放在动词（短语）knw，ask，wnder，find ut等后。但含有“是否”之意，在句中不能省略，一般疑问句作宾语从句时用whether／if引导。
I dn't knw whether/if my sister likes the present.
（3）常见的连接代词有 what，wh，whm，whse，which等；常见的连接副词有when，where，hw，why，hw many／much等。特殊疑问句作宾语从句时用连接代词或连接副词引导。
I finally understand what he said.
2．宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的连接词总是位于从句句首，从句用陈述句语序。
Des anyne knw hw and when it happened?
3．宾语从句的时态
（1）当主句是现在的某种时态时，宾语从句可以用所需要的任何一种时态。
I remember Jim phned yu yesterday.
（2）当主句是过去的某种时态时，宾语从句要用相应的过去时态。
The pliceman asked the by where he lived.
（3）当宾语从句叙述的内容为客观事实或真理时，始终用一般现在时。
The teacher said the earth is rund.
【拓展】
宾语从句中的否定转移
当主句的谓语是 think，believe，guess，suppse 等表示“认为、相信、猜想、期望”等意思的动词时，主句的主语是第一人称，且时态为一般现在时，从句的否定一般要转移到主句上来。
1.-D yu knw________, Alfred? -At 2:00 tmrrw afternn.
A.when the end-f-term cncert began
B.when did the end-f-term cncert begin
C.when the end-f-term cncert will begin
D.when will the end-f-term cncert begin
2.-Sandy，culd yu tell me ________the beautiful hair clip?
-Oh, I bught it in a shp near the schl.
A.where yu will buy B. where will yu buy
C.where did yu buy D.where yu bught
3.We haven’t decided ________.
A.that we will repair ur huseB.when did we g t the party
C.where we went n vacatinD.whether we will keep a pet
4.-Amy，I wnder ________ in the street when I cme t pick yu up.
-Well, there's a big tree by the frnt gate and it's cvered in lvely white flwers at the mment.
A.hw will I find yur huseB.hw I will find yur huse
C.when I will find yur huseD.when will I find yur huse
5.-Did yu have a gd time in Shanghai?
-Yes, cme and lk. My phts will shw yu________.
A.hw did we g there
B.where we will g
C.when did we meet
D.what the trip was like
6.-I’m excited abut Huawei’s new smartphnes. D yu knw ________? -Next mnth.
A.hw can I get neB.when will they cme ut
C.hw I can get neD.when they will cme ut
7.-Culd yu tell me ________fr the cming hlidays? -Srry, I have n idea.
A.where are yu gingB.where yu g
C.where yu are gingD.where yu went
8.-Culd yu tell me ________? -Sure. On March 18,2021.
A. hw the meeting between China and America will be held
B. where the meeting between China and America was held
C. when the meeting between China and America was held
D. why was the meeting between China and America held
考点二 定语从句
考点讲解
1．引导定语从句的关系代词
主语 wh, that(指人) which, that(指物)
宾语whm, wh, that(指人) which, that(指物)
定语 whse(指人) whse(指物)
（1）wh，whm用来指人，wh在从句中作主语、宾语；whm在从句中作宾语。
Success will belng t thse wh never say “impssible”.
（2）which用来指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。
shall we d next？
-Take the advice which is given by Dr. Blch.
（3）that既可指人又可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语。
I like the mvies that are abut Chinese histry.
（4）whse用来指人或物，只用作定语。
Chaplin was a great actr whse name is well-knwn all ver the wrld.
2．引导定语从句的关系副词
（1）when 代替时间，where代替地点，相当于“介词＋which”，因此常交替使用。
I'll never frget the day when/n which wn the prize.
This is the city where/in which I have wrked fr20 years．
（2）why在从句中作原因状语。
We dn't knw the reasn why he didn't cme yesterday.
3．定语从句只用that不用which引导的情况
（1）先行词是指物的不定代词，如all，little，much，everything，anything，nthing等，或先行词被不定代词修饰时。
Tm did all that he culd t get n well with his classmates.
（2）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the best film that has been shwn s far in the city.
（3）先行词被 the nly，the very，the last等修饰时。
This is the bk that yu want.
（4）先行词同时含有人和物时。
I tk phts f the things and peple that I was interested in.
定语从句的用法
主句型，从句型，两种句子要完整。
从句紧跟先行词，关系词引导要弄清。
定人要用wh或whm，定物which当先用。
关系代词用that，定人定物有本领。
when用来定时间，where用来定地点。
关系代词作成分，唯作宾语可省略。
巩固练习
9. I’ll never frget the place _________we visited tgether last year.
A.whichB.whatC.whD.whm
10.In my pinin，f all the bks, this is the nly ne _________ is well wrth reading.
A.whB.thatC.whmD.what
11.-D yu knw the by _________ hand writing wn the first in the cmpetitin?
-Oh, he is Wang Wei, ur mnitr.
A.whB.whse C.whm D.which
12.On December 31,2020, the New Year speech _________ President Xi Jinping made encuraged us Chinese t wrk harder fr ur mtherland.
A.whB.whseC.whichD.what
13.I’d like t express my thanks served the t everyne_________ cmmunity.
A.whichB.whC.whereD.when
14.-What can we d fr the left-hme children in the village _________ need help?
-We culd help them with their study nline n weekends.
A.whichB.whmC.whseD.wh
15.I will never frget the peple _________ helped me a lt during my hard time.
A.whichB.whC.whseD.whm
16.-We teenagers shuld lk up t the peple_________ have made great achievements t ur cuntry, like Yuan Lngping.
-I think s.
A.whB.whatC.whichD.whse
17.-What are they talking abut?
-They are talking abut the greatest inventins _________ have made a big difference t ur daily life.
A.whichB.whC.thatD.whm
18.I prefer music _________ has great lyrics.
A.whB.whseC.thatD./
Keys1-5.CDDBD 6-10,DCCAB 11-15BCBDB 16-18.ACC