上海2022年中考复习：词性转换专题训练

这是一份上海2022年中考复习：词性转换专题训练，共9页。试卷主要包含了 复数等内容，欢迎下载使用。
出题方向
出题量最大，也是最难把握的方向——同词根不同词类之间的相互转换
常考的相互转换词类有四种：名词、动词、形容词、副词
名词  动词、形容词 动词、形容词  名词
动词  形容词 形容词  动词
形容词  副词 副词  形容词
做这样的转换需要平时大量的积累，建立词根词缀的概念，多掌握常用的词缀，灵活变通
最基本题型，必考方向——名词、代词、数词
名词考察方向：1. 复数
代词考察方向：1. 宾格 2. 形容词性、名词性物主代词转换 3. 反身代词可能出现
数词考察方向：1. 基数词、序数词的拼写与互换 2. 分数可能出现
简单题型，多练即可把握——比较级最高级
需要掌握：1. 比较级和最高级的变化方式 2. 比较级和最高级的辨识关键词
较难题型，多次转换，反义理解
有时候词类之间需要越级变换，要仔细斟酌词类间的修饰关系，确保答案的正确性
较难题目不仅会越级变换，还需要添加反义，这需要更耐心细致地解题，分析题意
二、解题技巧
形容词修饰名词、代词性成分；部分名词也可以修饰名词
动词、形容词、副词需要副词修饰，副词也可以修饰整句话
系动词后一般使用形容词，连系动词后尤其需要注意添加形容词，这点易和实义动词用副词修饰混淆
扎实掌握名词、代词、数词的基本知识
注意做完需要通读一下，检查反义及动词的时态语态问题
三、词性转换分类汇总
1．动词转换为名词的常见方式
1)“动词+in”
例如：pllute→pllutin, invent→inventin, discuss→ discussin,decide→ decisin
注意：review→revisin slve→slutin
2)“动词去e+ atin”
例如：invite→invitatin，rganize→rganizatin
3)“动词+er”
例如: wrk→wrker, teach→teacher, write→writer, speak→speaker, run→runner, win→winner
4)“动词+ r"
例如：invent→inventr, act→actr,visit→visitr,calculate→calculatr
5)“动词+ing"
例如：build→building, begin→beginning, paint→painting, mean→meaning
6)“动词十ment"
例如：develp→develpment, amuse→amusement
7)“动词十ress"
例如：wait→waitress,act→actress
8)“动词十ance"
例如：appear→appearance,perfrm→perfrmance
9)其他
serve—service 服务 speak—speech 演讲 fish—fisherman 渔夫
enter—entrance 入口 knw—knwledge 知识 weigh—weight 重量
please—pleasure 愉快 chse—chice选择 tur—turist 游客
die—death 死亡 succeed—success 成功 fly—flight 飞行、航班
memrize—memry 记忆 mix—mixture 混合物 ck—ck 厨师
save—safety 安全 act—activity 活动 able—ability 能力
2．动词转换为形容词的常见方式
1)“动词+ive"
例如：act→active, attract→attractive
2)“动词+ able"
例如：change→changeable, enjy→enjyable
3)“动词+ing"
例如：excite→exciting, fllw→fllwing，freeze—freezing 寒冷的/ （frzen 冷冻的）
4)“动词+ ed"
例如：frighten→frightened, bre→bred
5)“动词+ ful"
例如：frget→frgetful健忘的/ unfrgettable 难忘的
6) 其他：
例如：depend→independent 独立的，like→likely，break→brken，die→dead，live→alive
Please v.→pleasure n.→pleasant令人愉快的（指物）/ pleased 满意的（指人）
widen→wide enrich→rich enable→able
3．名词转换为形容词的常见方式
1)“名词+ ful"
例如：care→careful, use→useful, pwer→pwerful
2)”名词+ less"
例如：care→careless, hme→hmeless,help→helpless
3)“名词+ly"
例如：friend→friendly, lve→lvely
4)“名词+y"
例如：sun→sunny, wind→windy, health→healthy, nise→nisy, luck→lucky, fun→funny
5)“名词+ing"
例如：interest→interesting
6)“名词+n"
例如：America→American, Australia→Australian
7)“名词+ ern"
例如：suth→suthern, nrth→nrthern
8)“名词+ us"
例如：danger→dangerus
9)“名词+ en"
例如：wd→wden, gld→glden,wl→wlen
10)“名词+al"
例如：natin→natinal, educatin→educatinal,medicine→medical,nature→natural
chemistry→chemical,histry→histrical,physics→physical,traditin→traditinal
11)其他
例如：ffice→fficial fl→flish freigner→freign wund→wunded
electricity电→electric电的→electrical与电有关的→electrnic 电子的

4．形容词转换为名词的常见方式
1)“形容词+y"
例如：difficult→difficulty, hnest→hnesty
2)“形容词词尾t改成ce"
例如：different→difference, imprtant→imprtance
3)“形容词+ ness"
例如：ill→illness, kind→kindness,sad→sadness,happy→happiness
4)“形容词+ dm"
例如：free→freedm, wise→wisdm
5)其他
例如：high→ height lng→length true→truth respnsible→respnsibility
5．形容词转换为副词的常见方式
1)“形容词+ly“
例如：quiet→quiet careful→carefully main→mainly
2)“形容词去y加ily“
例如：easy→easily heavy→heavily lucky→luckily
3)“形容词le结尾的，去e变y“
例如：pssible→ pssibly gentle→gently terrible→terrible
4)“形容词e结尾的，去e变ly“
例如：true→truly(只有true特殊) nice→nicely
5)“形容词不变“
例如：early早 late 晚 hard难的；努力地 fast 快 wide(宽的)/widely(广泛的)
6．名词转换为名词的常见方式
例如：art→artist science→scientist pian→pianist
city→citizen custm→custmer engine→engineer
friend→friendship business→businessman law→lawyer
library→librarian music→musician ffice→fficer(职员)/fficial(官员)
7．词性转换中前缀的使用
例如：pssible→impssible (plite, patient)
tell→retell (build, write,use)
healthy→unhealthy(happy,lucky)
hnest→dishnest
appear→disappear(like)
male→female
regular-irregular
8．国名——国籍
例如：Australia—Australian America—American Canada—Canadian
Britain—British England—English Italy—Italian
France— French Germany—German (德国人复数Germans)
China—Chinese Japan—Japanese Krea—Krean
巩固练习
习题按照考点分类
【名词变复数】
1. We need t thrw away these t make rm fr ur new furniture. (bx)
2. They are all Chinese______ and deserve ur thanks and ur respect. (her)
3. I have just eaten tw tasty ________ with butter and jam. (sandwich)
4. When disaster strikes, everyne tries t avid it. Only are mving twards it. (her)
5. Kate bught lts f ________ frm the market yesterday mrning. (strawberry)
6. T reduce the spread f virus(病毒). Many cuntries stp ________frm entering. (freign)
7. The ________ n shw are all excellent, yu can chse any f them. (pian)
8. It's really enjyable t have a clse lk at different___________ in Italy. (church)
9. We watched the children sweeping ________int piles in the street. (leaf)
10. The retired pilt enjys telling _______ abut his career t the students. (stry)
11. Mre ften children can't g t sleep withut sme bedtime . (stry)
12. I'm fnd f eating fruit Manges and ________are my favrite. (strawberry)
13 Dn't bther t g ut. All _______are clsed. (library)
14. Peple are wearing masks t cver their and nses t prevent smg. (muth)
15. Rbben wns sme furniture in Wuhan. (factry)
Key: 1. bxes 2. heres 3. sandwiches 4. heres 5.strawberries 6. freigners 7. pians 8. churches 9. leaves 10. stries 11. stries 12. strawberries 13. libraries 14. muths 15. factries
【基数序数转换】
1. This is the time fr me t teach yu the grammar rules. (five)
2. The_____ hliday is New Years hliday. We have all their family ver. (ne)
3. Jerry, it's the time that yu have missed the schl bus this week. (fur)
4. Dick will be ________ next Sunday. We’re ging t hld a party fr him. (ninth)
5. We live n the _______ flr f that tall building. (nine)
6. Every student in the_________ Grade is wrking hard t get ready fr the high schl entrance examinatin. (nine)
7. Sue has already set up her wn cmpany in her early________.（thirty)
8. The dctr tld Windy t exercise at least ______a week if she wanted t keep healthy. (tw)
9. It is said that the successful writer released her _______ bk at age f 15. (ne)
10. Steven's ffice is n the flr and he usually walks upstairs. (five)
11. Take the lift t the _______ flr, and yu will have a better view f the city (twelve)
12. Lily is a web fictin writer and she published her tenth bk in her . (thirty)
13. University f Cambridge is the ldest university in the wrld still teaching. (fur)
14. Ben is the child in a family f eight. (seven)
Key: 1. fifth 2. first 3. furth 4. ninth 5. ninth 6. ninth 7. thirties 8. twice 9. first 10.fifth 11.twelfth 12.thirties 13.furth 14.furth
【变否定】
1. Jack was sick in hspital because f his diet. (healthy)
2. We all lk frward t the day when COVID-19 will ______. (appear)
3. D yu knw what makes s many planes and ships__________ Bermuda Triangle(百大三角).(appear)
4. The assistant felt angry abut the ________ rules f the cmpany. (fair)
5. The string f the kite brke suddenly and the kite in the sky. (appear)
6. One majr ________ f that machine is t big fr us t carry. (advantage)
7. The tree will grw better if yu cut ff the ____________ leaves and branches. (necessary)
8. I dn’t think Mr. Brwn was________, he just didn’t knw the truth. (hnest)
9. Please keep it in mind it's awful t make friends with thse _______ peple. (hnest)
10. I think we have t be very________ abut receiving gifts frm thers. (careless)
11. I like eating hamburger and chclate, but they are fd. (healthy)
12. It seems that ur schl has nly picked the best students t attend the meeting. (fair)
13. Sara had a different idea and didn't listen t anyne. It's t change her mind. (pssible)
Key: 1. unhealthy 2. disappear 3. disappear 4. unfair 5. ninth 6. disappeared 7. unnecessary 8. dishnest 9. dishnest 10.careful 11. unhealthy 12.unfair 13.impssible
【名词动词转换】
1. We are trying t find a gd t deal with the envirnmental prblems. (slve)
2. In the end, we all decided t a charity sale fr the sick peple. (rganizatin)
3. The by is s gd with the______ f clrs. (chse) （2020奉贤二模）
4. Befre the sun rse. the ld _________went t the sea t lk fr the lst bat again. (fish)
5. All f the trusers are well designed, and I dn’t knw which ne t__________.(chice)
6. Dn't wrry. Yu’ll ________ the prblem with ur supprt and help. (slutin)
7. The suspect is still missing and there is n recrd f his ________ yet. (die)
8. WHO is ne f the mst imprtant internatinal in the wrld. (rganize)
9. I ught t read the instructins befre I ________ this rbt sweeper. (peratin)
10. Because f the traffic jams, I missed the ________ f the perfrmance. (begin)
11. We shuld like t _________ yu t give us a speech n hw t keep healthy. (invitatin)
12. The elevatr is ut f_________ right nw, s we have t walk upstairs. (serve)
13. Studies have shwn peples shrt-term ____________becmes wrse when they get lder. (memrize)
14. The cmpany ffered a number f chances fr teachers’ prfessinal________.(develp)
15. It's hard t _______ whether I shuld g uting r stay at hme this weekend. (decisin)
16. The newly -built museum is ______ in the centre f ur city. (lcatin)
17. The supermarket near ur neighbrhd sell different kinds f meat______. (prduce)
18. The plice are lking fr every pssible clue t________ the murder case.(slutin)
19. My family had a trip t Yunnan last summer t the beautiful scenery there. (jy)
20. The cmpany had n way but t its prducts in a lwer price. (sale)
21. In the hliday, Linda lves t sme bread and cakes fr the family. (baker)
Key: 1. slutin 2. rganize 3. chice 4. fisherman 5. chse 6. slve 7. death 8. rganizatins 9. perate 10. beginning 11. invite 12. service 13. memry 14.develpment 15. decide 16. lcated 17. prducts 18. slve 19. enjy 20.sell 21.bake
【动词形容词转换】
1. Last night I had a cup f cffee in Starbucks, and then I fund it hard t fall________.(sleep)
2. Eating vegetables and exercising regularly can us t live a healthy life. (able)
3. Studying nline with ur teachers during the winter hlidays will be an experience in ur life. (frget)
4. Everybdy can learn smething new t ________ his wn life. (rich)
5. The paper bx is ______. Yu may thrw it away. (use)
6. It’s ________f the lady at the turist ffice t give me sme tips n where t visit .(help)
7. Mike culd ________the md frm nervus t relaxed in a few minutes.(changeable)
8. The big smile n my teacher's face shws that he is quite ______ with ur wrk. (satisfy)
9. The cmpany ffers mre time ff and pay t smene experienced. (attract)
10. My mther has becme very and cnfused these days. (frget)
11. The ld man was lying n the flr withut anybdy arund, feeling________. (help)
12. T stay_______, thse hungry peple had t eat grass rts. (live)
13. I think nline learning is really . It’s a funnier way f learning. (enjy)
14. Only teamwrk will us t get the jb dne n time. (able)
15. We all think a driver is a danger t the public. (care)
Key: 1. asleep 2. enable 3. unfrgettable 4. enrich 5. useless 6. helpful 7. change 8. satisfied
9. attractive 10. frgetful 11. helpless 12. alive 13. enjyable 14. enable 15. careless
【形容词副词转换】
1. Success in study depends n ne’s wn effrts. (main)
2. The parents were thankful t see that their children came back hme________.(safe)
3. The artwrks shwed the artist was ________ aware f the scial prblems f the day. (deep)
4. The shp assistant greeted the custmers with a smile at the entrance. (plite)
5. It’s amazing that the yung kid is able t recite the lng passage ________. (crrect)
6. Culd yu _______ frget abut the wrk fr five minutes? (pssible)
7. Several peple were__________ hurt in that car accident last mnth. (serius)
8. Parents shuld teach their children t behave ________in public. (prper)
9. Nwadays Ali Pay and WeChat Pay are ______ used thrughut the cuntry. (wide)
10. The cmputer rm has been rebuilt t allw fr mre curses. (recent)
11. The firemen set ut______ as sn as they heard the alarm. (immediate)
12. Facial recgnitin(人脸识别) technlgy is ________ used fr Internet payment (wide)
13. It's nice t g fr a trip in the cuntryside especially when the wind blws . (gentle)
14. My grandma has a very bad memry and frgets things . (easy)
15. With the help f L, the wrk can be finished in a few hurs.(easy)
Key: 1. mainly 2. safely 3. deeply 4. plitely 5. crrectly 6. pssibly 7. seriusly 8. prperly
9. widely 10. recently 11. immediately 12. widely 13.gently 14.easily 15.easily