2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题（语篇填空）：单词拼写（含答案）

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2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题（语篇填空）：单词拼写
一．单词拼写（共15小题）
1．（2021•诸暨市模拟）The world uses plenty of water a day.Drinking water is a human right and everyone should have their share.However，more than 700 million people around the world have trouble getting clean， （1）　   　（安全的）water.
    Treating waste water is a good way to （2）　   　 （提供） fresh water for us.And it also helps the environment by keeping （3）　   　（废物） out，of rivers and oceans.80% of waste water around the world is not treated at all，and it is running into oceans.But now we have got the technology to treat and （4）　   　 （再利用） the waste water.It can help us save much water.
    While 75% of our planet is （5）　   　 （ 覆盖） with water，only 2% is fresh water﹣ that comes from rivers，lakes，ice and snow.The rest，98% of the water，is in seas and oceans.It is to a salty to drink.Then desalination（海水淡化） businesses come in.More than 19，000 （6）　   　（工厂） have been built around the world，mostly in coastal countries.Every day，they（7）　   　（加工） more than 92 million tons of water.But the technology they use requires a lot of （8）　   　（能源）.
    Scientists are working to create technology that（9）　   　 （花 费） humans less money and works better.They want to （10）　   　 （生产 ） 20 times more clean water，and make sure everyone has enough water.But for now，the world still faces each day with not having enough water for everyone.
2．（2018•南浔区一模）Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable． You may even have been to the shop just to find a
（1）　   　  （公众的）place to stay away from loneliness．
It's very easy for you to pick up a book  with a beautiful cover， although it's not a good  way to
（2）　   　  （选择）a book． Sometimes you might be   （3）　   　  （感兴趣的）in some books， then you   （4）　   　  （认 识到）that you have spent much more time in the bookshop so that you have been late for a meeting．
I think this chance to be away from   （5）　   　  （日常的）life is the main attraction（吸引力）of a bookshop．
In  a  nice  bookshop，  you  may   （6）　   　  （更喜欢）that  shopkeepers  should  remain  in  the  background（7）　   　   （直到）you have finished reading． Of course， you may want to find out where the book is， and after they lead you there   （8）　   　  （礼貌地）， the shopkeepers should leave you alone at once．It is also very easy to   （9）　   　   （进去）the shop looking for a book on   （10）　   　   （科学）and to come out carrying the latest best﹣selling novels． So you have to be careful not to be attracted by the books that you don't need in a bookshop．
3．（2021•绍兴）Trees play an important role in our environment.For a start，they make air（1）　   　 （更干净的）for us to breathe.The older a tree is，the more important it is to us.Why not look at ancient trees（2）　   　 （仔 细地）around you and find out more？
    For the past （3）　   　（十五）years，a charity called the Woodland Trust has been recording ancient trees in the country.It has created a database （数据库）about these tree.
    Since the database was set up，the Woodland Trust has（4）　   　 （添加）over 180，000 trees，but it believes there are many more to be found.It's hoped that all（5）　   　 （成员）of the public will help to locate them ﹣ including you.
    You can take an（6）　   　 （积极 的）part in the Woodland Trust's project.Perhaps when you next go for a walk with your family，you can examine the trees you pass to see（7）　   　 （它的）age.If you find one that you think could be very old，record（8）　   　 （确切地）where it is using an online map.If you want to record the tree，you should take a photo.Don't（9）　   　 （忘记）to make sure you are allowed to examine it closely if the tree isn't on public land.
    "Ancient trees are as much a part of our heritage （遗产）as works of（10）　   　 （艺术），"explains Jeremy Evans of the Woodland Trust. "But they don't get the same protection.The good news is，you don't have to be a tree expert to take part".
4．（2021•嘉兴）A large store had a big sale day.Ads had been placed in the （1）　   　（当地的）newspapers several days before.The sales were so good that people rushed to the store that day.The opening time was 9 a.m.，but people had got together at the store as （2）　   　（早地）as 7 a.m，waiting for the door to open.
    A small man looked at the long line and tried to make his way to the （3）　   　（前面）.The crowd became angry and people started shouting at him.They （4）　   　 （推）him in order to force him back to the end of the line.（5）　   　（尽管）the people in the crowd were angry，still the man tried walking to the door a second time.Many people near the door were （6）　   　（更强壮的）than him but he still made it.
    "Hey!"someone shouted in the crowd. "Is that you （7）　   　（又，再）？When will you learn to wait in line？""They got him to the back of the line and three big （8）　   　（女士）said they would watch him and stop him going forward. "That will make him think twice!"they thought.
    The small man（9）　   　（摇动）his head. "This is too much for me to deal with!"he said.He wanted to open the store，but he thought that it would serve these rude（10）　   　（顾客）right if he went home and didn't open the store at all that day!
5．（2019•宜昌）The Chinese high﹣speed railways have a quality all on its own．Tier I（一线）（1）c　   　like Beijing have a couple hundred high﹣speed trains stopping at the city every day．
    China's（2）　   　（科技）on building the railway is leading the rest of the world．There is no sign that any （3）　   　 country could be better than China in near future．I had my（4）　   　（第一次）opportunity to ride the high﹣speed trains last week when I had a business meeting in Zhengzhou．
    As someone （5）w　   　 grew up with a disdain（偏见）for public transportation（not sure why the US hates it so much），I was afraid （6）　   　 the experience．I hoped to fly，but was told that it would be much better if I（7）　   　（乘）the train．
    The train was amazing．I had traveled on a train before in the US，and hated how （8）s　   　 it was and how many stops there were．Chinese high﹣speed trains are on a different level．The trains are clean and the seats are huge．You can't even（9）　   　（感觉）how fast the train is moving．If there were no windows，I wouldn't be （10）a　   　 to tell when we were stopped or when we were traveling at 300 km/h﹣it is that smooth．
    I'm traveling again this week by train and I'm excited．
6．（2021•南湖区二模）The COVID﹣19 has made our lives very different.Some of us have（1）　   　（改善）out health habits.Others have learned how to cook.（2）　   　（除……以外），more people have fallen in love with cycling.
    Yang Xiaomeng lives eleven（3）　   　（公里）away from her workplace in Beijing.She has been cycling to work for the（4）　   　（刚过去的）three months. "I used to take the subway.But now riding a bike（5）　   　（似乎）to be a nicer choice." she said.
    Yang has found that cycling is more relaxing and（6）　   　（令人愉悦的）than taking the crowded subway. "There's more fresh（7）　   　（空气）on the road.It's also a good way to stay fit.I'll keep cycling as my new habit，" she said.
    Now，in other cities around the world，many people are turning from（8）　   　（公共的）transportation to cycling.London has（9）　   　（取消）large parts of the city to cars so that people can cycle safely.New York and Berlin have created newer，（10）　   　（宽的）bike lanes for people to cycle.These cities believe that if there are safer and more comfortable places for cycling，more people will ride bikes in the future instead of driving.
7．（2021•温州模拟）Nepal's government is requiring students in grades four through eight to take yoga classes.The government says the classes will give students exercise and improve their（1）　   　（健康）.But some people don't like the idea because of yoga's connections to religion.
    Yoga is an exercise program that（2）　   　（搭配）breathing with stretches.What's more，it also encourages people（3）　   　（支付；给予）attention to their minds and bodies.Yoga has long history，which began in（4）　   　（印度）thousands of years ago.At that time，it closely related to several religions， （5）　   　（包括）Hinduism and Buddhism.
    Over time，people around the world began taking up yoga（6）　   　（仅仅，简单地）as an exercise to strengthen the mind and body.In fact，yoga can（7）　   　（减少）stress.It can also help with balance，pain relief and so on.
     （8）　   　（尽管）many schools around the world offer yoga classes，Nepal is the first country to require its students to take them.Nepal's Minister of Education，Giriray Mani Pokhrel，said， " Yoga is our（9）　   　（古老的）science.We want students to learn it，and we think this is the right time. "But some people still think it's not（10）　   　 （公平的）to make everyone take part in it because of some religion reasons.
8．（2021•湖州一模）A conflict （冲突） broke out between China and India in June，2020.It caused the death of four Chinese soldiers.One of them is Chen Hongjun，who was （1）　   　 （出生）in March 1987 in Gansu Province.As he was young，he （2）　   　 （梦想） of joining the army in China when he grew up.He （3）　   　 （最后） made it with his efforts after graduating from the university.During his stay at border，he met more than （4）　   　 （四十） storms and mudslides.He always beat them and finished all kinds of （5）　   　 （任务） bravely.
    On 15th June，when he saw his teammates get into trouble in the conflict，Chen （6）　   　 （他自己） tried best to fight with the Indians.He managed to save his （7）　   　 （领导） but he lost his own life.His wife said sadly， "Chen once promised me he would （8）　   　 （回来） safely.But his son will never have father." "However，it is （9）　   　 （值得） protecting our country.The national interest is above everything.We are （10）　   　 （骄傲的） of Chen and I hope my son will grow up as a person like his father."
9．（2021•兰溪市模拟）Today，many teenagers are overweight.If you go to a fast food restaurant，you will（1）　   　 （可能）see a lot of teenagers there.Most teenagers are keen about food with a lot of fat，oil，salt and（2）　   　 （糖）.They are becoming fatter and fatter because of their bad eating habits.
    Also，we find a lot of teenagers don't eat（3）　   　（健康地）.Some don't have breakfast before they go to school.During the day，some don't have a（4）　   　 （适当的）meal for lunch.In a recent survey at one school，found that （5）　   　 （超过）two thirds of the students didn't follow a good diet.They didn't like vegetables or fruits.They （6）　   　（更喜欢）to eat junk food.
    Parents today also（7）　   　（担忧）about their children's diet.Some doctors give the following （8）　   　（建议）.Teenagers shouldn't eat food with too much salt.Salt can （9）　   　 （造成）high blood pressure in the future.It's a good idea for teenagers to eat food （10）　   　（没有）much fat and oil.Fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamins and have little fat.They need to eat breakfast every day.It is good for their body and mind.
10．（2021•乐清市一模）What is the image of a woman scientist？ Perhaps you （1）　   　（想象）a pair of thick glasses and messy hair？ With her high﹣heeled shoes and graceful looks， Ning Yan appears quite differently.
    Regarded as "the goddess scientist"， Yan was included as one of the foreign associates  in the US on （2）　   　（四月） 30. Her studies earned her many honors both in China and（3）　   　（在国外）.
    Yan's diligence has helped her（4）　   　（取得，实现） the honors.
    Yan likes to work at night and she often works at （5）　   　（至少）14 hours a day. She said she used to spend 48 hours straight working in her lab，taking only several short（6）　   　（休息）.
    In her （7）　   　（私人的，个人的）life，Yan is far from being the serious and boring type.
    She has a sense of humor and what seems like a young girls heart. She （8）　   　 （追随）the latest TV shows .Also， she has her own（9）　   　（最喜爱的） idols. She often posts on Weibo.But she is also independent. She is not afraid to express her（10）　   　（ 观点） about things she doesn't like. Just as she said， "Bravely be yourself."
 
11．（2021•瑞安市模拟）根据短文内容和所给中文提示，用单词的正确形式完成以下短文。
    Birthdays are celebrated all over the world. Some（1）　   　（传统习俗） are fairly similar from country to country： cakes，（2）　   　 （蜡烛）， birthday wishes and birthday games. Other customs are not（3）　   　 （确切地） the same， Here are a few.
    In Argentina， a girl's（4）　   　 （第十五） birthday is quite special. Some parents hold a party for their child（5）　   　 （度过） the wonderful day， Girls usually dance the waltz first with their father， and then the boys at the party.
    In China， friends and relatives are（6）　   　 （邀请） to lunch and noodles are served to wish the birthday child a long life. And some parents may give their child a big（7）　   　  （惊喜）， like his or her favorite toys.
    As for the（8）　   　 （印度的） children， they wear white to school. However，（9）　   　  （每当）their birthdays come， children Wear colored clothes to school and give out chocolates to classmates.
    In Japan， the birthday child wears new clothes to mark the occasion. Certain birthdays are much（10）　   　 （更重要的） than others and these are celebrated with a visit to the local shrine. These are the third and seventh birthdays for girls and the fifth for boys.
12．（2020•昆都仑区二模）Last Sunday，my daughter and I went to the supermarket．A little girl with her mother was in line （1）　   　（在……前面） us．The little girl was asking her mother （2）　   　 a box of smarty．The polite way she was asking almost broke the mother's （3）　   　[ha：t]． "Sorry，honey．（4）　   　we don't have enough money to （5）　   　（支付） it．"
    My daughter heard that dialogue．By the way，she had made some money to buy herself a bike by （6）c 　   　 our garden once a week．As she watched the mother and daughter （7）l 　   　 the supermarket，she rushed to the candy counter and bought a box of smart （8）　   　 her money．Then she ran quickly and （9）　   　（追赶，赶上） the little girl and her mother，and sent them （10）　   　 box．She came back and told me what she told them， "Every child should have a box of smarty because they can make you smart．"
    I was so happy that I bought a box of smarty for my daughter．I told her that I （11）　   　（以……而骄傲）her because she（12）　   　（赠送）the smarty to the girl just now．She （13）r 　   　， "when we do nice things for others，we shouldn't wish to be （14）r 　   　．" I explained， "when you do something nice for someone，you shouldn't expect to get anything，but when you get something from others，you should be very （15）t 　   　．
13．（2019•丽水模拟）Thanksgiving is on the 4th Thursday of November．It is most closely （1）　   　（与……有联系） with the earliest history of America．In 1620，the Pilgrims（清教徒） went to America by ship and wanted to（2）　   　（发现） a place where they could be free．After two （3）　   　（月），they landed on a place called Plymouth on an icy November day．（4）　   　（在……期间） their first winter，over half of them died because of the （5）　   　（影响）of hunger or diseases．The rest of them began growing crops in the first spring．All summer long they waited for the harvests with great wishes that were （6）　   　（有帮助的）．Finally everything came true．Therefore a day of thanksgiving was（7）　   　（建议）．Years later，the fourth Thursday of November is celebrated （8）　   　 （广泛地） as Thanksgiving Day every year．The big Family dinner is planned before September．On that day，people can find apples，oranges， （9）　   　（葡萄） and other fruits．They can also find all kinds of delicious food．However，the best，most traditional and favorite food is turkey and pumpkin pie．Till today Thanksgiving Day has been one of American most national holidays．No one wants to be（10）　   　（缺席） from their family reunion on that day!
14．（2019•南湖区模拟）One day，Daniel and his uncle Bob went to the store together．Uncle Bob gave Daniel a one﹣dollar bill and told him he could buy（1）　   　（无论什么）he wanted with that money．Daniel picked out two chocolate candy bars which cost（2）　   　（五十）cents each．
    As they were（3）　   　（离开），his uncle said that when he was a（4）　   　（孩子）he was able to buy five candy bars with one dollar．This was because back then，they only cost 20 cents each．Daniel became（5）　   　 （惊奇的）．
    "You see，Daniel，the（6）　   　（价格）of all things usually goes up as time goes by．That's why one dollar earned today is more valuable than one dollar earned one year later．This is called the Time Value of Money．Do you understand？" "Not really，"Daniel replied（7）　   　（快地）．
    "Look at the candy bars in your（8）　   　（手）．When l was a kid，I could buy five of them with one dollar．But now，l can only buy two because the cost has （9）　   　（上涨）to 50 cents．In other words，the value of one dollar has dropped over the years．''
    Daniel nodded his head．Now he was a little （10）　   　（确信）what his uncle meant．Bob smiled．
15．（2019•天台县模拟）Power in the Path
    Have you ever taken a bike ride in the sun？It might make your ride a little （1）　   　 （更热） ，but a cycle path in a sunny area can be a good thing．In fact，in the Netherlands，one company decided to build a cycle path that can create energy using the sun．
    In the town of Krommenie，there's a cycle path of （2）　   　 （七十） meters with solar panels（太阳能电池板） in it．These panels get light from the sun．They then use that light to produce electricity，which is used for street lights and so on．In its first year，enough energy can be （3）　   　 （提供） for one house for a whole year!
    Developers are still doing research．They make sure path is strong enough for buses and     （4）　   　（卡车） to drive over it．They must also make sure the path isn't too （5）　   　      （平滑的） because that could make people fall over （6）　   　 （容易地）．This test path must be just right before this type of path can be built in other places．
    In （7）　   　 （另一个） Dutch town，Eindhoven，there is a cycle path that uses solar energy to make art．The path，which opened in 2014，is made up of thousands of tiny lights that get the light （8）　   　    （在……期间） the day and give off light at night．From above，these lights look like the famous painting The Starry Night by Dutch （9）　   　 （艺术家） Vincent van Gogh．This one﹣kilometer path is to honor Vincent van Gogh，who lived in this area from 1883 to 1885．It's a beautiful and creative way of using the power of the sun，and the path now （10）　   　 （接待） many visitors．

2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题（语篇填空）：单词拼写（15题）
参考答案与试题解析
一．单词拼写（共15小题）
1．（2021•诸暨市模拟）The world uses plenty of water a day.Drinking water is a human right and everyone should have their share.However，more than 700 million people around the world have trouble getting clean， （1）　safe　（安全的）water.
    Treating waste water is a good way to （2）　provide　 （提供） fresh water for us.And it also helps the environment by keeping （3）　waste　（废物） out，of rivers and oceans.80% of waste water around the world is not treated at all，and it is running into oceans.But now we have got the technology to treat and （4）　reuse.　 （再利用） the waste water.It can help us save much water.
    While 75% of our planet is （5）　covered　 （ 覆盖） with water，only 2% is fresh water﹣ that comes from rivers，lakes，ice and snow.The rest，98% of the water，is in seas and oceans.It is to a salty to drink.Then desalination（海水淡化） businesses come in.More than 19，000 （6）　factories　（工厂） have been built around the world，mostly in coastal countries.Every day，they（7）　process　（加工） more than 92 million tons of water.But the technology they use requires a lot of （8）　energy.　（能源）.
    Scientists are working to create technology that（9）　costs　 （花 费） humans less money and works better.They want to （10）　produce　 （生产 ） 20 times more clean water，and make sure everyone has enough water.But for now，the world still faces each day with not having enough water for everyone.
【考点】单词拼写．
【分析】短文主要是作者介绍了世界饮用水情况。饮用水是一项人权，每个人都应该有自己的一份。然而，全世界有7亿多人难以获得清洁的、安全的水。
【解答】（1）safe.考查形容词。句意：然而，全世界有7亿多人难以获得清洁的、安全的水。使用名词形容词"安全的"。故答案为safe。
（2）provide.考查动词。句意：处理废水是为我们提供淡水的好方法。使用动词短语provide fresh water for us.为我们提供淡水。句子中有动词不定式符号to。故答案为provide。
（3）waste.考查名词。句意：它也有助于保护环境，防止废物进入河流和海洋。使用名词waste"废物"，是不可数名词。故答案为waste。
（4）reuse.考查动词。句意：但是现在我们有了废水处理和再利用的技术。使用动词短语reuse"再利用"。句子中有动词不定式符号to。故答案为reuse。
（5）covered.考查动词。句意：地球75%的面积都被水覆盖。使用动词短语 be covered  with"被……覆盖"，是被动语态，应用cover的过去分词covered。故答案为covered。
（6）factories.考查名词。句意：全世界已经建立了19000多家工厂。使用名词factory."工厂"，是可数名词，由19000多家工厂可知使用名词的复数形式。factory的复数形式是factories。故答案为factories。
（7）process.考查动词。句意：他们每天处理超过9200万吨水。使用动词process"处理"，句子使用一般现在时。故答案为process。
（8）energy.考查名词。句意：但是他们使用的技术需要大量的能源。使用名词energy."能源"，是不可数名词。故答案为energy。
（9）cost.考查动词。句意：科学家们正致力于创造一种成本更低、效果更好的技术。主语是that指的是物，使用动词 cost"花费，成本"，句子使用一般现在时。故答案为cost。
（10）produce.考查动词。句意：他们想生产20倍以上的清洁水。使用动词 produce"生产"，句子中有动词不定式符号to。故答案为 produce。
【点评】考查单词拼写，根据所给的中文意思写出相对应的单词，还要注意名词的单复数等。
2．（2018•南浔区一模）Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable． You may even have been to the shop just to find a
（1）　public　  （公众的）place to stay away from loneliness．
It's very easy for you to pick up a book  with a beautiful cover， although it's not a good  way to
（2）　choose　  （选择）a book． Sometimes you might be   （3）　interested　  （感兴趣的）in some books， then you   （4）　realize　  （认 识到）that you have spent much more time in the bookshop so that you have been late for a meeting．
I think this chance to be away from   （5）　daily　  （日常的）life is the main attraction（吸引力）of a bookshop．
In  a  nice  bookshop，  you  may   （6）　prefer　  （更喜欢）that  shopkeepers  should  remain  in  the  background（7）　until　   （直到）you have finished reading． Of course， you may want to find out where the book is， and after they lead you there   （8）　politely　  （礼貌地）， the shopkeepers should leave you alone at once．It is also very easy to   （9）　enter　   （进去）the shop looking for a book on   （10）　science　   （科学）and to come out carrying the latest best﹣selling novels． So you have to be careful not to be attracted by the books that you don't need in a bookshop．
【考点】单词拼写．
【分析】本文讲述了逛书店、看书、买书给人们带来的心灵的平静，闲暇时间可以在书店找到自己喜欢的书籍，陶冶自己的情操．
【解答】1．public．考查名词；根据语境" 你甚至可能到过商店，只是为了找到一个远离寂寞的好的公众的地方．"公众的是public．
2．choose．  考查动词；根据语境"虽然这不是选择一本书的好方法． "一个干某事的好方法是 a good way to do ，故答案是choose．
3．interested．考查形容词；根据语境"有时你可能对一些书感兴趣 "对…感兴趣是 be  interested  in ，故答案是interested．
4．realize．考查动词；根据语境" 然后你意识到你在书店里花了更多的时间．"意识到是realize，此题是陈述一般的事实，用一般现在时，主语是you，故答案是realize．
5．daily．考查形容词；根据语境"这种远离日常生活的机会是书店的主要吸引力． "日常的是daily．
6．prefer．考查动词；根据语境"你可能希望店主在你读完之前就一直呆在后台． "更喜欢是prefer，此题是陈述一般的事实，用一般现在时，主语是you，故答案是prefer．
7．until．考查连词；根据语境"你可能希望店主在你读完之前就一直呆在后台 "直到是until．
8．politely．考查副词；根据语境" 他们礼貌地把你带到那里后，"副词修饰动词，lead是动词，故答案是副词politely．
9．enter．考查动词；根据语境" 也很容易进入书店寻找一本书．"干某事是…的 it is+形容词  to do，进入是动词 enter，故答案是原形enter．
10．science．考查名词；根据语境"也很容易进入书店寻找一本关于科学的书 "关于科学的书是a  book  on  science．科学是science．
【点评】此题考查语法填空，在理解文章意思基础上，结合语境，仔细分析，便可得出正确答案．
3．（2021•绍兴）Trees play an important role in our environment.For a start，they make air（1）　cleaner　 （更干净的）for us to breathe.The older a tree is，the more important it is to us.Why not look at ancient trees（2）　carefully　 （仔 细地）around you and find out more？
    For the past （3）　fifteen　（十五）years，a charity called the Woodland Trust has been recording ancient trees in the country.It has created a database （数据库）about these tree.
    Since the database was set up，the Woodland Trust has（4）　added　 （添加）over 180，000 trees，but it believes there are many more to be found.It's hoped that all（5）　members　 （成员）of the public will help to locate them ﹣ including you.
    You can take an（6）　active　 （积极 的）part in the Woodland Trust's project.Perhaps when you next go for a walk with your family，you can examine the trees you pass to see（7）　its　 （它的）age.If you find one that you think could be very old，record（8）　exactly　 （确切地）where it is using an online map.If you want to record the tree，you should take a photo.Don't（9）　forget　 （忘记）to make sure you are allowed to examine it closely if the tree isn't on public land.
    "Ancient trees are as much a part of our heritage （遗产）as works of（10）　art　 （艺术），"explains Jeremy Evans of the Woodland Trust. "But they don't get the same protection.The good news is，you don't have to be a tree expert to take part".
【考点】单词拼写．
【分析】文章主要讲述了树在我们的环境中起着重要的作用。古树和艺术品一样，都是我们遗产的一部分，作者写这篇文章其实是呼吁大众去保护古树。
【解答】（1）cleaner.考查形容词。根据句意，首先，它们使我们呼吸的空气更干净。参考提示词可知是填入形容词clean的比较级形式cleaner。故答案为：cleaner。
（2）carefully.考查副词。根据句意，为什么不仔细看看周围的古树，了解更多呢？参考提示词可知，空处用副词carefully，修饰前面的动词look，表示仔细地看。故答案为：carefully。
（3）fifteen.考查数词。根据句意，在过去的15年里，一个名为林地信托的慈善机构一直在记录这个国家的古树。参考提示词十五，可直接得出数词fifteen，修饰空后的years，表示十五年。故答案为：fifteen。
（4）added.考查动词。根据句意，林地信托基金会已经增加了超过18万棵树，参考提示词可知是动词add，再结合本句时态可知是现在完成时，空处的动词与空前的has一起，构成has added。故答案为：added。
（5）members.考查名词。根据句意，希望所有公众都能帮助找到他们，包括你。参考提示词可知是member，结合空前的all，所有，可知应改为名词的复数形式members。故答案为：members。
（6）active.考查形容词。根据句意，你可以积极参与林地信托基金的项目。参考提示词可知是形容词，active，符合固定搭配take an active part in，积极参加。故答案为：active。
（7）its.考查形容词性物主代词。根据句意，也许当你下次和家人散步时，你可以检查你经过的树，看看它的年龄。参考提示词它的，可知是its，这里用its来指代上文的trees′，修饰空后的age，符合题意。故答案为：its。
（8）exactly.考查副词。根据句意，如果你发现了一个你认为可能很古老的，用在线地图记录它的确切位置。参考提示词，可知是用副词exactly来修饰空前的record，确切地记录。故答案为：exactly。
（9）forget.考查动词。根据句意，如果这棵树不在公共土地上，别忘了确保你被允许仔细检查。参考提示词和固定搭配可知，don't forget to do sth.别忘记做某事，符合题意。故答案为：forget。
（10）art.考查名词。根据句意，古树和艺术品一样，都是我们遗产的一部分，参考提示词艺术，可知是名词art。故答案为：art。
【点评】考查单词拼写，根据所给的中文意思写出相对应的单词，还要注意名词的单复数等。
4．（2021•嘉兴）A large store had a big sale day.Ads had been placed in the （1）　local　（当地的）newspapers several days before.The sales were so good that people rushed to the store that day.The opening time was 9 a.m.，but people had got together at the store as （2）　early　（早地）as 7 a.m，waiting for the door to open.
    A small man looked at the long line and tried to make his way to the （3）　front　（前面）.The crowd became angry and people started shouting at him.They （4）　pushed　 （推）him in order to force him back to the end of the line.（5）　Although　（尽管）the people in the crowd were angry，still the man tried walking to the door a second time.Many people near the door were （6）　stronger　（更强壮的）than him but he still made it.
    "Hey!"someone shouted in the crowd. "Is that you （7）　again　（又，再）？When will you learn to wait in line？""They got him to the back of the line and three big （8）　ladies　（女士）said they would watch him and stop him going forward. "That will make him think twice!"they thought.
    The small man（9）　shook　（摇动）his head. "This is too much for me to deal with!"he said.He wanted to open the store，but he thought that it would serve these rude（10）　customers　（顾客）right if he went home and didn't open the store at all that day!
【考点】单词拼写．
【分析】文章讲述了一家做大减价的大商店因为登了广告，而当天挤满了等待开门的顾客们。开门的老板因为想要挤进去开门而被误认为是插队人士的一个啼笑皆非的小故事。
【解答】（1）local.考查形容词。根据句意，几天前当地报纸上就登了广告。分析结构可知，空处应填入形容词来修饰空后的名词newspaper，提示词为local，符合题意。故答案为：local。
（2）early.考查形容词。根据句意，但人们早在早上7点就聚集在店里，等着开门。提示词早地，可知是副词，early，可作形容词可作副词，符合题意。故答案为：early。
（3）front.考查名词。根据句意，一个小个子男人看着这长长的队伍，想挤到前面去。提示词前面可知是名词，由空前的定冠词the修饰，front，可作名词可作形容词，这里作名词短语the front，前面。故答案为：front。
（4）pushed.考查动词。根据句意，他们推他，为了把他逼到队尾。由提示词可知是push，这里叙述的是过去发生的事情，所以要用过去式pushed。故答案为：pushed。
（5）Although.考查连词。根据句意，尽管人群里的人很愤怒，但那个人还是第二次试图向门口走去。上下文是让步关系的句子，参考提示词可知要用although来引导，这里注意句首要大写。故答案为：Although。
（6）stronger.考查形容词。根据句意，门附近的许多人都比他强壮，但他还是成功了。结合空后的than him，可知是填入形容词的比较级形式，结合提示词改为stronger。故答案为：stronger。
（7）again.考查副词。根据句意，"又是你吗？"参考提示词意思，again，再，又，副词作状语，符合题意。故答案为：again。
（8）ladies.考查名词。根据句意，三个大个儿的女人说他们会观察他，并阻止他往前走。这里参考提示词和空前的数词 three，可知是三个女士，所以lady要改为复数形式ladies。故答案为：ladies。
（9）shook.考查动词。根据句意，小个子男人摇了摇头。这里提示词为shake，但是是过去发生的动作，所以要用一般过去时shook。故答案为：shook。
（10）customers.考查名词。根据句意，但他认为这样对那些粗鲁的顾客来说较好，结合提示词和空前的these，可知是用复数形式customers。故答案为：customers。
【点评】考查单词拼写，根据所给的中文意思写出相对应的单词，还要注意名词的单复数等。
5．（2019•宜昌）The Chinese high﹣speed railways have a quality all on its own．Tier I（一线）（1）c　ities　like Beijing have a couple hundred high﹣speed trains stopping at the city every day．
    China's（2）　technology　（科技）on building the railway is leading the rest of the world．There is no sign that any （3）　other　 country could be better than China in near future．I had my（4）　first　（第一次）opportunity to ride the high﹣speed trains last week when I had a business meeting in Zhengzhou．
    As someone （5）w　ho　 grew up with a disdain（偏见）for public transportation（not sure why the US hates it so much），I was afraid （6）　of　 the experience．I hoped to fly，but was told that it would be much better if I（7）　took　（乘）the train．
    The train was amazing．I had traveled on a train before in the US，and hated how （8）s　low　 it was and how many stops there were．Chinese high﹣speed trains are on a different level．The trains are clean and the seats are huge．You can't even（9）　feel　（感觉）how fast the train is moving．If there were no windows，I wouldn't be （10）a　ble　 to tell when we were stopped or when we were traveling at 300 km/h﹣it is that smooth．
    I'm traveling again this week by train and I'm excited．
【考点】单词拼写．
【分析】本文主要讲述了作者去郑州开个商务会议，乘坐了中国高铁的体会．
【解答】（1）cities．考查名词，根据like Beijing have a couple hundred high﹣speed trains stopping at the city ，结合上下文可知句意：像北京这样的一线城市每天有几百辆高速列车在城市里停靠．city 城市，根据句意用复数，故答案是cities．
（2）technology．考查名词，根据汉语写出单词technology，根据is leading 用单数，句意：中国建造铁路的技术领先于其他国家．故答案是technology．
（3）other．考查形容词，根据There is no sign that any …country可知any other +单数名词，其他任何……，结合上下文可知句意：没有迹象表明任何其他国家在不久的将来可能会比中国更好．故答案是other．
（4）first．考查序数词，根据汉语写出单词first，结合上下文可知句意：上周我第一次有机会坐高车，故答案是first．
（5）who．考查定语从句关系词，根据As someone …grew up with a disdain（偏见）for public transportation可知此句是定语从句，先行词是someone，关系词用who，作主语，结合上下文可知句意：作为一个从小就对公共交通有偏见的人，故答案是who．
（6）of．考查介词，短语be afraid of…害怕……，结合上下文可知句意：我害怕这次经历．故答案是of．
（7）took．考查动词，根据汉语写出单词take，根据but was told that it would be much better用一般过去时，结合上下文可知句意：但被告知如果我坐火车会更好．故答案是took．
（8）slow．考查形容词，根据后文how many stops there were，结合上下文可知句意：我以前在美国坐过火车，我讨厌火车太慢．slow形容词，慢的，故答案是slow．
（9）feel．考查动词，根据汉语写出单词feel，情态动词can't后跟动词原形，结合上下文可知句意：你甚至感觉不到火车开得有多快．故答案是feel．
（10）able．考查短语，be able to 能，会，结合上下文可知句意：我不能辨别我们是在停车状态还是在时速300公里的行驶状态．故答案是able．
【点评】此题考查语法填空，在理解文章意思的基础上，结合语境，仔细分析，便可得出正确答案．
6．（2021•南湖区二模）The COVID﹣19 has made our lives very different.Some of us have（1）　improved　（改善）out health habits.Others have learned how to cook.（2）　Besides　（除……以外），more people have fallen in love with cycling.
    Yang Xiaomeng lives eleven（3）　kilometers　（公里）away from her workplace in Beijing.She has been cycling to work for the（4）　last　（刚过去的）three months. "I used to take the subway.But now riding a bike（5）　seems　（似乎）to be a nicer choice." she said.
    Yang has found that cycling is more relaxing and（6）　pleasant　（令人愉悦的）than taking the crowded subway. "There's more fresh（7）　air　（空气）on the road.It's also a good way to stay fit.I'll keep cycling as my new habit，" she said.
    Now，in other cities around the world，many people are turning from（8）　public　（公共的）transportation to cycling.London has（9）　cancelled　（取消）large parts of the city to cars so that people can cycle safely.New York and Berlin have created newer，（10）　wider　（宽的）bike lanes for people to cycle.These cities believe that if there are safer and more comfortable places for cycling，more people will ride bikes in the future instead of driving.
【考点】单词拼写．
【分析】文章主要讲述了新冠肺炎让我们的生活变得非常不同，有些人改善了健康习惯，还有些人学会了如何烹饪，更多的人则爱上了骑自行车。
【解答】（1）improved.考查动词。根据句意，我们中的一些人已经改善了健康习惯。由提示词可知是动词improve，分析本句结构可知要用现在完成时，空前的has是助动词，缺少动词的过去分词来构成现在完成时，所以要填入improved。故答案为：improved。
（2）Besides.考查副词。根据句意，此外，越来越多的人爱上了骑自行车。分析本句结构可知，空处应填入副词作状语，由提示词可知是besides，注意句首要大写。故答案为：Besides。
（3）kilometers/kilometres.考查名词。根据句意，杨晓萌住的地方离她在北京的工作单位11公里远。由提示词可知是kilometer或kilometre，两种写法都可以，再由空前的数字eleven，十一，可知要改为复数形式kilometers或kilometres。故答案为：kilometers/kilometres。
（4）last.考查形容词。根据句意，过去三个月她一直骑自行车去上班。由提示词可知是填入last，可直接作形容词，修饰空后的名词短语three months。故答案为：last。
（5）seems.考查动词。根据句意，但现在骑自行车似乎是一个更好的选择。由提示词可知是动词seem，似乎/好像，再分析句子结构，本句主语为riding a bike，动名词短语作主语时，为第三人称单数，谓语动词要改为seems。故答案为：seems。
（6）pleasant.考查形容词。根据句意，骑自行车比乘坐拥挤的地铁更轻松愉快。由提示词可知是pleasant，与空前的relaxing并列，意义一致。故答案为：pleasant。
（7）air.考查名词。根据句意，路上有更多的新鲜空气。由提示词可知是填入名词air，空气，是不可数名词，所以用原形。故答案为：air。
（8）public.考查形容词。根据句意，在世界其他城市，许多人正从公共交通转向骑自行车。由提示词和空后的名词transportation，可知是固定搭配public transportation，公共交通。故答案为：public。
（9）cancelled.考查动词。根据句意，伦敦已经取消了大部分城市的汽车，由提示词可知是动词cancel，意为取消，分析本句结构可知要用现在完成时，空前的has是助动词，缺少动词的过去分词来构成现在完成时，所以要填入cancelled，它有两种过去分词，填canceled也是可以的。故答案为：cancelled。
（10）wider.考查形容词。根据句意，纽约和柏林为人们骑车开辟了新的、更宽的自行车道。分析本句结构可知，与空前的newer是并列结构，所以提示词也要改为形容词比较级wider，意为更宽的。故答案为：wider。
【点评】考查单词拼写，根据所给的中文意思写出相对应的单词，还要注意名词的单复数等。
7．（2021•温州模拟）Nepal's government is requiring students in grades four through eight to take yoga classes.The government says the classes will give students exercise and improve their（1）　health　（健康）.But some people don't like the idea because of yoga's connections to religion.
    Yoga is an exercise program that（2）　matches　（搭配）breathing with stretches.What's more，it also encourages people（3）　to pay　（支付；给予）attention to their minds and bodies.Yoga has long history，which began in（4）　India　（印度）thousands of years ago.At that time，it closely related to several religions， （5）　including　（包括）Hinduism and Buddhism.
    Over time，people around the world began taking up yoga（6）　simply　（仅仅，简单地）as an exercise to strengthen the mind and body.In fact，yoga can（7）　reduce　（减少）stress.It can also help with balance，pain relief and so on.
     （8）　Although/Though　（尽管）many schools around the world offer yoga classes，Nepal is the first country to require its students to take them.Nepal's Minister of Education，Giriray Mani Pokhrel，said， " Yoga is our（9）　ancient　（古老的）science.We want students to learn it，and we think this is the right time. "But some people still think it's not（10）　fair　 （公平的）to make everyone take part in it because of some religion reasons.
【考点】单词拼写．
【分析】本文主要讲述了尼泊尔政府要求四年级到八年级的学生上瑜伽课。政府表示，这些课程将让学生们锻炼身体，改善健康状况。但是一些人认为因为一些宗教原因，让每个人都参加是不公平的。
【解答】（1）health.考查名词。句意：政府说这些课程将给学生们提供锻炼和改善他们的健康。分析句子可知，and连接两个并列的成分，此处their后接名词作宾语，与give students exercise并列，形式要和exercise一样，故填health。
（2）matches.考查动词。句意：瑜伽是一种将呼吸和伸展运动相结合的运动。分析句子可判断此处缺动词作定语从句的谓语，主句用is可推出时态为一般现在时，从句时态应和主句一样用一般现在时，因从句主语是第三人称单数an exercise program ，故从句谓语也要用单数形式，故填matches。
（3）to pay.考查动词。句意：而且，它也鼓励人们要注意他们的身心。由固定句型encourage sb.to sth.表示"鼓励某人做某事"，可知此处填不定式to pay。
（4）India.考查名词。句意：瑜伽历史悠久，起源于数千年前的印度。根据in+地点故此空是指印度这个国家，句子首字母要大写，故填India。
（5）including.考查动词。句意：在当时，它与几个宗教密切相关，包括印度教和佛教。分析句子结构和汉语提示可知，此处填非谓语动词including"包括"，故填including。
（6）simply.考查副词。句意：随着时间的推移，世界各地的人们开始练习瑜伽，仅仅作为一种增强身心的运动。分析句子结构可知此处填副词修饰动词taking up"开始做......；从事"，故填副词simply。
（7）reduce.考查动词。句意：事实上，瑜伽可以减压。分析句子可判断此处缺动词作谓语，因空格前有情态动词can后接动词原形，故填reduce。
（8）Although/Though.考查连词。句意：虽然世界上有很多学校开设瑜伽课程。根据汉语意思"虽然"的表述有although/though，句子首字母要大写，故填Although/Though。
（9）ancient.考查形容词。句意：瑜伽是我们古老的科学。分析句子可知此处缺形容词作短语修饰名词science，故填ancient表示"古老的"，故填ancient。
（10）fair.考查形容词。句意：但是一些人仍然认为，因为一些宗教原因，让每个人都参加是不公平的。根据固定句型it's +adj.+to do sth.表示"做某事是......"，可知此处要填一个形容词，fair表示"公平的"，故填fair。
【点评】通读全文理解大意，联系上下文和所学知识，再根据句意和提示得出正确答案。
8．（2021•湖州一模）A conflict （冲突） broke out between China and India in June，2020.It caused the death of four Chinese soldiers.One of them is Chen Hongjun，who was （1）　born　 （出生）in March 1987 in Gansu Province.As he was young，he （2）　dreamed　 （梦想） of joining the army in China when he grew up.He （3）　finally　 （最后） made it with his efforts after graduating from the university.During his stay at border，he met more than （4）　forty　 （四十） storms and mudslides.He always beat them and finished all kinds of （5）　tasks　 （任务） bravely.
    On 15th June，when he saw his teammates get into trouble in the conflict，Chen （6）　himself　 （他自己） tried best to fight with the Indians.He managed to save his （7）　leaders　 （领导） but he lost his own life.His wife said sadly， "Chen once promised me he would （8）　be back　 （回来） safely.But his son will never have father." "However，it is （9）　worth　 （值得） protecting our country.The national interest is above everything.We are （10）　proud　 （骄傲的） of Chen and I hope my son will grow up as a person like his father."
【考点】单词拼写．
【分析】文章主要讲述了在2020年6月，中国和印度之间爆发了冲突，造成四名中国士兵死亡。1987年3月出生于甘肃省的陈洪军因为救自己的同事与印度人战斗后失去生命的英勇事迹。
【解答】（1）born.考查动词。根据句意，其中之一是陈洪军，1987年3月出生于甘肃省。由提示词可知，填入动词born，be born in...出生于……。故答案为：born。
（2）dreamed.考查动词。根据句意，当他年轻的时候，他梦想着长大后去中国从军。由提示词可知，填入动词dream，这里叙述的过去的事情，所以用动词的过去式dreamed。故答案为：dreamed。
（3）finally.考查副词。根据句意，大学毕业后，他通过努力终于成功了。由提示词可知，最后，填入副词finally，作状语，符合句法，本句不缺主干成分。故答案为：finally。
（4）forty.考查数词。根据句意，在边境逗留期间，他遭遇了40多次暴风雨和泥石流。由提示词可知是数词40，填入forty。故答案为：forty。
（5）tasks.考查名词。根据句意，他总是打败他们，勇敢地完成各种任务。由提示词可知，任务，task，可数名词，空前的all kinds of常修饰名词的复数形式，所以这里也改为复数形式tasks。故答案为：tasks。
（6）himself.考查代词。根据句意，陈洪军尽了自己最大的努力与印第安人战斗。由提示词可知，他自己，himself，放在句中，符合句法。故答案为：himself。
（7）leaders.考查名词。根据句意，他设法救了他的领导，但他失去了自己的生命。由提示词可知，领导，leader，再结合上文提到的his teammates，说明不止一个领导，这里用复数形式。故答案为：leaders。
（8）be back.考查动词的时态。根据句意，陈洪军曾向我保证他会安全回来。由提示词和空前的would可知，情态动词后接动词原形，填入be back。故答案为：be back。
（9）worth.考查形容词。根据句意，然而，保护我们的国家是值得的。由提示词可知，worth，参考固定搭配be worth doing sth.值得做某事，填入worth即可。故答案为：worth。
（10）proud.考查形容词。根据句意，我们为他感到骄傲，结合提示词和固定搭配，be proud of sb.为某人而骄傲。故答案为：proud。
【点评】考查单词拼写，根据所给的中文意思写出相对应的单词，还要注意名词的单复数等。
9．（2021•兰溪市模拟）Today，many teenagers are overweight.If you go to a fast food restaurant，you will（1）　probably　 （可能）see a lot of teenagers there.Most teenagers are keen about food with a lot of fat，oil，salt and（2）　sugar　 （糖）.They are becoming fatter and fatter because of their bad eating habits.
    Also，we find a lot of teenagers don't eat（3）　healthily　（健康地）.Some don't have breakfast before they go to school.During the day，some don't have a（4）　proper　 （适当的）meal for lunch.In a recent survey at one school，found that （5）　over　 （超过）two thirds of the students didn't follow a good diet.They didn't like vegetables or fruits.They （6）　prefer　（更喜欢）to eat junk food.
    Parents today also（7）　worry　（担忧）about their children's diet.Some doctors give the following （8）　advice　（建议）.Teenagers shouldn't eat food with too much salt.Salt can （9）　cause　 （造成）high blood pressure in the future.It's a good idea for teenagers to eat food （10）　without　（没有）much fat and oil.Fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamins and have little fat.They need to eat breakfast every day.It is good for their body and mind.
【考点】单词拼写．
【分析】文章主要讲述了在当今，有许多青少年的饮食习惯都不太健康。
【解答】（1）probably.考查副词。根据句意，你可能会在那里看到很多青少年。结合提示词，以及句子结构，可知空处不缺主干成分，所以填入副词作状语。故答案为：probably。
（2）sugar.考查名词。根据句意，大多数青少年喜欢高脂肪、高油、高盐、高糖的食物。结合提示词及空前的并列结构的单词fat，oil，salt，可知是糖sugar。故答案为：sugar。
（3）healthily.考查副词。根据句意，此外，我们发现很多青少年饮食不健康。结合提示词和句子结构，可知空处应填入副词，来修饰谓语动词eat。故答案为：healthily。
（4）proper.考查形容词。根据句意，在白天，有些人午餐不吃一顿像样的饭。结合提示词，proper，形容词，适当的，修饰空后的meal。故答案为：proper。
（5）over.考查副词。根据句意，最近在一所学校进行的调查发现，超过三分之二的学生没有遵循良好的饮食习惯。结合提示词，over，超过。故答案为：over。
（6）prefer.考查动词。根据句意，他们更喜欢吃垃圾食品。结合提示词，更喜欢，prefer，动词作谓语。故答案为：prefer。
（7）worry.考查动词。根据句意，如今的父母也担心孩子的饮食。结合提示词和固定搭配，worry about sth.担心某事。故答案为：worry。
（8）advice.考查名词。根据句意，一些医生给出了以下建议。表示建议的名词，advice，为不可数名词。故答案为：advice。
（9）cause.考查动词。根据句意，盐在未来会引发高血压症状。结合提示词造成，cause，动词，空前的can是情态动词，后直接接动词原形即可。故答案为：cause。
（10）without.考查介词。根据句意，对青少年来说，吃没有太多脂肪和油的食物是个好主意。空处缺少介词，提示词为没有，without符合题意。故答案为：without。
【点评】考查单词拼写，根据所给的中文意思写出相对应的单词，还要注意名词的单复数等。
10．（2021•乐清市一模）What is the image of a woman scientist？ Perhaps you （1）　imagine　（想象）a pair of thick glasses and messy hair？ With her high﹣heeled shoes and graceful looks， Ning Yan appears quite differently.
    Regarded as "the goddess scientist"， Yan was included as one of the foreign associates  in the US on （2）　April　（四月） 30. Her studies earned her many honors both in China and（3）　abroad　（在国外）.
    Yan's diligence has helped her（4）　achieve　（取得，实现） the honors.
    Yan likes to work at night and she often works at （5）　least　（至少）14 hours a day. She said she used to spend 48 hours straight working in her lab，taking only several short（6）　breaks　（休息）.
    In her （7）　personal　（私人的，个人的）life，Yan is far from being the serious and boring type.
    She has a sense of humor and what seems like a young girls heart. She （8）　follows　 （追随）the latest TV shows .Also， she has her own（9）　favorite　（最喜爱的） idols. She often posts on Weibo.But she is also independent. She is not afraid to express her（10）　opinions　（ 观点） about things she doesn't like. Just as she said， "Bravely be yourself."
 
【考点】单词拼写．
【分析】本文介绍了中国生物学家颜宁入选美国科学院外籍院士。本文简单地介绍了这位"科研女神"的履历及日常生活等情况。
【解答】（1）imagine 考查动词。根据Perhaps you... a pair of thick glasses and messy hair？ 可知句意：也许你会想象一副厚厚的眼镜和凌乱的头发？时态是一般现在时，主语you接动词原形。结合汉语，故填imagine.
（2）April 考查名词。根据Yan was included as one of the foreign associates  in the US on... 30，可知是指4月30日，闫被列为在美外籍合伙人之一。结合汉语，故填April.
（3）abroad 考查副词。根据Her studies earned her many honors both in China and....，可知是指她的学业为她在国内外赢得了许多荣誉。结合汉语，故填abroad.
（4）achieve 考查动词。根据Yan's diligence has helped her... the honors，可知句意：严的勤奋帮助她获得了这些荣誉。help sb do sth帮助某人做某事。结合汉语，故填achieve.
（5）least 考查形容词。根据Yan likes to work at night and she often works at...14 hours a day，可知是指：严喜欢在晚上工作，她经常一天工作至少14个小时。at least至少，结合汉语，故填least.
（6）breaks 考查名词。根据taking only several short breaks，可知是指只休息几次。break是可数名词，several接复数形式，故填breaks.
 （7）personal 考查形容词。根据In her... life，可知是指在她的私人生活中。结合汉语，故填personal.
（8）follows 考查动词。根据She... the latest TV shows .可知是指她关注最新的电视节目。时态是一般现在时，主语she接动词第三人称单数形式。结合汉语，故填follows.
 （9）favorite 考查形容词。根据she has her own... idols，可知是指她有自己最喜欢的偶像，故填favorite.
（10）opinions 考查名词。根据She is not afraid to express her... about things she doesn't like，可知是指：她不怕对自己不喜欢的事情发表意见。此处是复数形式，故填opinions.
【点评】认真阅读文章，理解文章大意，结合所给汉语，注意语法形式，给出正确答案。
11．（2021•瑞安市模拟）根据短文内容和所给中文提示，用单词的正确形式完成以下短文。
    Birthdays are celebrated all over the world. Some（1）　traditions　（传统习俗） are fairly similar from country to country： cakes，（2）　candles　 （蜡烛）， birthday wishes and birthday games. Other customs are not（3）　exactly　 （确切地） the same， Here are a few.
    In Argentina， a girl's（4）　fifteenth　 （第十五） birthday is quite special. Some parents hold a party for their child（5）　to have　 （度过） the wonderful day， Girls usually dance the waltz first with their father， and then the boys at the party.
    In China， friends and relatives are（6）　invited　 （邀请） to lunch and noodles are served to wish the birthday child a long life. And some parents may give their child a big（7）　surprise　  （惊喜）， like his or her favorite toys.
    As for the（8）　Indian　 （印度的） children， they wear white to school. However，（9）　whenever　  （每当）their birthdays come， children Wear colored clothes to school and give out chocolates to classmates.
    In Japan， the birthday child wears new clothes to mark the occasion. Certain birthdays are much（10）　more important　 （更重要的） than others and these are celebrated with a visit to the local shrine. These are the third and seventh birthdays for girls and the fifth for boys.
【考点】单词拼写．
【分析】短文主要是作者介绍了全世界都在庆祝生日的传统习俗。
【解答】（1）traditions . 考查名词.句意：有些传统习俗在不同的国家非常相似，使用名词tradition"传统习俗"，由are可知使用名词的复数形式，故答案为traditions。
（2）candles .考查名词.句意：蛋糕，蜡烛，生日祝福和生日游戏，使用名词candle"蜡烛"，由cakes可知使用名词的复数形式，故答案为candles。
（3）exactly.考查副词.句意：其他的习俗不确切地一样。使用副词exactly，修饰动词，故答案为exactly。
（4）fifteenth.考查数词.句意：女孩的15岁生日是很特别的，15岁生日使用数词fifteenth"第十五"，故答案为fifteenth。
（5）to have.  考查动词.句意：让他们度过美好的一天，使用动词 have"度过"，表示目的应用动词不定式to have。答案to have。
（6）invited .考查动词.句意：邀请亲朋好友被邀请共进午餐，使用动词invite"知道"，句子使用被动语态，故答案为invited。
（7）surprise.考查名词.句意：有些父母可能会给孩子一个大惊喜，冠词a后使用名词的单数形式surprise"惊喜"，故答案为surprise。
（8）Indian.考查形容词.句意：至于印度的儿童，形容词印度的修饰名词儿童，Indian"印度的"，故答案为Indian。
（9）whenever .考查连词.句意：每当他们的生日到来时，连词whenever"每当"，故答案为whenever。
（10）more important.考查形容词.句意：某些生日比其他生日重要得多，使用形容词 important"重要"，句子比其他生日重要得多应用比较级，故答案为more important。
【点评】考查单词拼写，根据所给的中文意思写出相对应的单词，还要注意名词的单复数等。
12．（2020•昆都仑区二模）Last Sunday，my daughter and I went to the supermarket．A little girl with her mother was in line （1）　in front of　（在……前面） us．The little girl was asking her mother （2）　for　 a box of smarty．The polite way she was asking almost broke the mother's （3）　heart　[ha：t]． "Sorry，honey．（4）　But　we don't have enough money to （5）　pay for　（支付） it．"
    My daughter heard that dialogue．By the way，she had made some money to buy herself a bike by （6）c 　leaning　 our garden once a week．As she watched the mother and daughter （7）l 　eave　 the supermarket，she rushed to the candy counter and bought a box of smart （8）　with　 her money．Then she ran quickly and （9）　caught up with　（追赶，赶上） the little girl and her mother，and sent them （10）　the　 box．She came back and told me what she told them， "Every child should have a box of smarty because they can make you smart．"
    I was so happy that I bought a box of smarty for my daughter．I told her that I （11）　was proud of　（以……而骄傲）her because she（12）　gave away　（赠送）the smarty to the girl just now．She （13）r 　eplied　， "when we do nice things for others，we shouldn't wish to be （14）r 　eturned　．" I explained， "when you do something nice for someone，you shouldn't expect to get anything，but when you get something from others，you should be very （15）t 　hankful　．
【考点】单词拼写．
【分析】本文主要讲述作者和女儿去超市购物时看见一个小女孩和妈妈要模板，但是妈妈没钱买，作者的女儿用自己的钱买了模板送给了女孩．
【解答】（1）in front of．考查介词短语，"在……前面"可用介词短语in front of表示，此处用于句中表示方位．故填in front of．
（2）for．考查介词，分析句子可知，此处构成"ask sb for sth"短语，翻译为"向某人要某物"．故填for．
（3）heart．考查名词，根据音标[ha：t]可知，该词是heart，此处构成"break one's heart"短语，翻译为"使……伤心/心碎"．故填heart．
（4）But．考查连词，分析前后句可知，两句构成转折关系，可用并列连词but连接，用于句首需大写首字母．故填But．
（5）pay for．考查动词短语，"支付"可用动词短语pay for表示，此处用于"have…to do sth"短语，所以用其原形即可．故填pay for．
（6）cleaning．考查非谓语动词，根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处表示"打扫"，可用clean表示，此处用于介词by后，所以用其动词ing形式．故填cleaning．
（7）leave．考查动词，根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处表示"离开"，可用leave表示，此处用于"watch sb do sth"短语中，翻译为"看见某人做某事（的过程）"，所以此处用其动词原形即可．故填leave．
（8）with．考查介词，分析句子可知，此处表示"用"，因为本句已有谓语动词，所以此处可用介词with表示．故填with．
（9）caught up with．考查动词短语，"追赶，赶上"可用动词短语catch up with表示，根据前半句中的ran可知，本句时态是一般过去时，所以用其过去式形式．故填caught up with．
（10）the．考查冠词，分析句子可知，此处特指作者的女儿给女孩买的模板，所以使用定冠词the修饰．故填the．
（11）was proud of．考查形容词短语，"以……而骄傲"可用形容词短语be proud of表示，根据前半句中的told可知，本句时态是一般过去时，所以用其过去式形式．故填was proud of．
（12）gave away．考查动词短语，"赠送"可用动词短语give away表示，根据前半句中的told可知，本句时态是一般过去时，所以用其过去式形式．故填gave away．
（13）replied．考查动词，根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处表示"回答"，可用reply表示，根据前文中的谓语动词可知，本句时态是一般过去时，所以用其过去式形式．故填replied．
（14）returned．考查动词，根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处表示"回报"，可用return表示，此处用于be done结构中表被动，所以用其动词过去分词形式．故填returned．
（15）thankful．考查形容词，根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处表示"感谢的，感激的"，可用thankful表示，此处用于句子作表语，所以用其形容词形式．故填thankful．
【点评】语法填空题要根据上下文语境，运用语法和词汇知识，反复推敲以求得解答．对于同义词和近义词的选项，在充分考虑到上下文具体语境下特别注意这些同义词和近义词搭配．
13．（2019•丽水模拟）Thanksgiving is on the 4th Thursday of November．It is most closely （1）　connected　（与……有联系） with the earliest history of America．In 1620，the Pilgrims（清教徒） went to America by ship and wanted to（2）　discover　（发现） a place where they could be free．After two （3）　months　（月），they landed on a place called Plymouth on an icy November day．（4）　During　（在……期间） their first winter，over half of them died because of the （5）　influence　（影响）of hunger or diseases．The rest of them began growing crops in the first spring．All summer long they waited for the harvests with great wishes that were （6）　helpful　（有帮助的）．Finally everything came true．Therefore a day of thanksgiving was（7）　suggested　（建议）．Years later，the fourth Thursday of November is celebrated （8）　widely　 （广泛地） as Thanksgiving Day every year．The big Family dinner is planned before September．On that day，people can find apples，oranges， （9）　grapes　（葡萄） and other fruits．They can also find all kinds of delicious food．However，the best，most traditional and favorite food is turkey and pumpkin pie．Till today Thanksgiving Day has been one of American most national holidays．No one wants to be（10）　absent　（缺席） from their family reunion on that day!
【考点】单词拼写．
【分析】短文主要介绍了十一月的感恩节，具体介绍了其起源和人们在那一天是如何庆祝该节日的．
【解答】（1）connected，考查动词，句意：它跟美国最早的历史有着紧密的联系，使用动词短语be connected with"与…由联系"，故答案为connected．
（2）discover，考查动词，句意：在1620年，清教徒乘船去美国，想要发现一个自由的地方，不定式符号to后使用动词原形，故答案为discover．
（3）months，考查名词，句意：两个月后，他们在冰冷的十一月的一天到达了叫做Plymouth的地方，two后使用名词的复数形式，故答案为months．
（4）During，考查介词，句意：在他们第一个冬天期间，超过一半的人死了，使用介词during"在…期间"，故答案为During．
（5）influence，考查名词，句意：由于饥饿或疾病的影响，定冠词the后使用名词influence，故答案为influence．
（6）helpful，考查形容词，句意：整个夏天他们带着有帮助的希望等待着收获，使用形容词helpful"有帮助的"，作表语，故答案为helpful．
（7）suggested，考查动词，句意：所以有人建议一天作感恩节，使用动词suggest"建议"，与主语构成被动的关系，因此使用被动语态be done的形式，故答案为suggested．
（8）widely，考查副词，句意：多年后，每年的第四个星期四作为感恩节被广泛庆祝，使用副词widely"广泛地"，修饰谓语动词，故答案为widely．
（9）grapes，考查名词，句意：在那一天，人们可以发现苹果、橙子、葡萄和其他的水果，使用名词的复数形式grapes，故答案为grapes．
（10）absent，考查形容词，句意：没有人在那一天想要在家庭团聚中缺席，使用形容词absent"缺席的"，故答案为absent．
【点评】对于语法填空这类题，一是懂得分析句子结构，二是知道充当各个句子成分的词类或词性，从语法上确定答案，当然，对于某些固定搭配也要牢记，在平时的学习中要多积累这些词汇或短语，对于句子使用的时态语态也要通过语境进行确定．
14．（2019•南湖区模拟）One day，Daniel and his uncle Bob went to the store together．Uncle Bob gave Daniel a one﹣dollar bill and told him he could buy（1）　whatever　（无论什么）he wanted with that money．Daniel picked out two chocolate candy bars which cost（2）　fifty　（五十）cents each．
    As they were（3）　leaving　（离开），his uncle said that when he was a（4）　child　（孩子）he was able to buy five candy bars with one dollar．This was because back then，they only cost 20 cents each．Daniel became（5）　surprised　 （惊奇的）．
    "You see，Daniel，the（6）　price　（价格）of all things usually goes up as time goes by．That's why one dollar earned today is more valuable than one dollar earned one year later．This is called the Time Value of Money．Do you understand？" "Not really，"Daniel replied（7）　quickly　（快地）．
    "Look at the candy bars in your（8）　hand　（手）．When l was a kid，I could buy five of them with one dollar．But now，l can only buy two because the cost has （9）　risen　（上涨）to 50 cents．In other words，the value of one dollar has dropped over the years．''
    Daniel nodded his head．Now he was a little （10）　sure　（确信）what his uncle meant．Bob smiled．
【考点】单词拼写．
【分析】这篇文章主要讲述了丹尼尔和他的叔叔鲍勃一起去商店购物．鲍勃给了丹尼尔一美元，他买了2个巧克力糖棒．鲍勃讲了他小时候1美元可以买5个巧克力糖棒，说明所有东西的价格随着时间的推移都在上涨，也就是货币的时间价值正在下跌．
【解答】1．whatever；考查引导词，句意：鲍勃叔叔给了丹尼尔一美元并告诉他，无论什么他都可以用它买．whatever无论什么，在从句中作buy的宾语，故答案为：whatever．
2．fifty；考查数词，句意：丹尼尔挑了两个巧克力糖棒，每个糖棒价值50美分．fifty五十，基数词后面跟名词复数cents，故答案为：fifty．
3．leaving；考查动词，句意：当他们正要离开时，他叔叔说当他是个孩子时，用一美元能买五个巧克力糖棒．此处是进行时表示将来动作，leave离开，故答案为：leaving．
4．child；考查名词，句意：当他们正要离开时，他叔叔说当他是个孩子时，用一美元能买五个巧克力糖棒．child孩子，故答案为：child．
5．surprised；考查形容词，句意：丹尼尔很吃惊．surprise令人吃惊，放在系动词后做表语时，如果主语是人，用surprised，故答案为：surprised．
6．price；考查名词，句意："你知道丹尼尔随着时间的流逝，所有东西的价格都在上涨．"price价格，根据goes，可知此处用单数结构，故答案为：price．
7．quickly；考查副词，句意：并不是真的，丹尼尔快速回答．quickly快地，副词修饰动词replied，故答案为：quickly．
8．hand；考查名词，句意：看你手里的糖果．hand手，就两个糖果，可知用一只手就够了，故答案为：hand．
9．risen；考查动词，句意：但是现在，我只能买两个因为价格上涨了五十美分．rise上涨，根据has可知句子时态用现在完成时，故答案为：risen．
10．sure；考查形容词，句意：现在他有点确定叔叔的意思了．be sure确信，确定，故答案为：sure．
【点评】此题考查语法填空．我们先阅读短文，通过上下文的联系和句子结构，根据英语语法知识，正确拼写单词，并用其正确形式完成填空，要注意句子的时态和名词的单复数及固定短语和固定句式．
15．（2019•天台县模拟）Power in the Path
    Have you ever taken a bike ride in the sun？It might make your ride a little （1）　hotter　 （更热） ，but a cycle path in a sunny area can be a good thing．In fact，in the Netherlands，one company decided to build a cycle path that can create energy using the sun．
    In the town of Krommenie，there's a cycle path of （2）　seventy　 （七十） meters with solar panels（太阳能电池板） in it．These panels get light from the sun．They then use that light to produce electricity，which is used for street lights and so on．In its first year，enough energy can be （3）　provided　 （提供） for one house for a whole year!
    Developers are still doing research．They make sure path is strong enough for buses and     （4）　trucks　（卡车） to drive over it．They must also make sure the path isn't too （5）　smooth　      （平滑的） because that could make people fall over （6）　easily　 （容易地）．This test path must be just right before this type of path can be built in other places．
    In （7）　another　 （另一个） Dutch town，Eindhoven，there is a cycle path that uses solar energy to make art．The path，which opened in 2014，is made up of thousands of tiny lights that get the light （8）　during　    （在……期间） the day and give off light at night．From above，these lights look like the famous painting The Starry Night by Dutch （9）　artist　 （艺术家） Vincent van Gogh．This one﹣kilometer path is to honor Vincent van Gogh，who lived in this area from 1883 to 1885．It's a beautiful and creative way of using the power of the sun，and the path now （10）　receives　 （接待） many visitors．
【考点】单词拼写．
【分析】本文是一篇语法填空，为我们介绍了一种阳光下的自行车隧道，一方面可以帮骑行的人们遮荫，另一方面可以有效地使用太阳能．
【解答】（1）hotter   考查形容词比较级，a little修饰比较级，一点儿，hot热，make…adj．固定搭配，结合语境，它也许使得你的骑行更热．故答案为hotter．
（2）seventy  考查基数词，结合语境，在克罗默尼小镇上，有一个带着太阳能电池板的七十米长的自行车道，meters为可数名词复数，前用基数词，故答案为seventy．
（3）provided  考查动词，enough energy足够的热量，判断主语为动作的承受者，故选用被动语态，be后动词用过去分词，结合语境，在它第一年的时候，一整年足够的热量被提供给一座房子．故答案为provided．
（4）trucks  考查可数名词复数，buses为可数名词复数，与之并列的名词也选用可数名词复数，结合语境，他们确保这个车道足够结实以使得汽车和卡车安全通过，故答案为trucks．
（5）smooth  考查形容词，too太，后跟形容词，结合语境，他们必须保证车道不能太平滑因为那会容易让人们摔倒．故答案为smooth．
（6）easily  考查副词，fall为实意动词，后用副词修饰，easy为形容词，因此要变为副词，即变为i．﹣ly．结合语境，他们必须保证车道不能太平滑因为那会容易让人们摔倒．故答案为easily．
（7）another  考查代词，another另一个，结合语境，在荷兰的另一个镇子上，埃因霍温，有一个使用太阳能创作艺术的自行车道．故答案为another．
（8）during  考查介词，短语during the day，在白天，结合语境，这条车道2014年开放，由成千上万个细微的灯组成，这些灯白天吸收光亮夜晚发光，故答案为during．
（9）artist  考查可数名词单数，结合语境，综上所述，这些灯看起来像著名的荷兰艺术家梵高的油画《星月夜》．故答案为artist．
（10）receives  考查动词，now现在，判断本句是一个现在的时态，结合语境，这条车道现在接待着许多游客．表示常态，用一般现在时，the path为单数名词，故答案为receives．
【点评】掌握词性，结合语境填入正确的词语并给与正确的形式．