2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题（阅读理解）：任务型阅读（含答案）

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2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题（阅读理解）：任务型阅读
一．任务型阅读（共10小题）
1．（2021•长沙一模）阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
    Buying second﹣hand objects is becoming more popular these days.One million people are selling over2 million second﹣hand objects，such as clothing，books，cellphones and so on on Xianyu every day，Xinhua reported.
    According to a speech given by Wei Ying，the founder of the second﹣hand book﹣trading website Déjàvu，people make more money nowadays，and buy more things than before.（1）当他们不再需要某些物品时，他们就在网站上把它们卖出。And at the same time，shoppers benefit a lot by shopping on such websites.
    When Chen Junjun，22，a college student in Shanghai，wants to buy books，she uses Déjàvu. （2）She searches for the books she wants and adds them to her shopping basket，just like on any other shopping website.The difference is that the books are much cheaper ﹣ as much as 70 percent cheaper than new books.（3）Since I don't have enough pocket money，it's a perfect choice for me."Chen said.
    （4）Besides lower prices，it can also meet people's special needs.For example，Yan Minjun，21，is a picky reader.She has bought many classic versions （版本）of books on Déjàvu，such as a copy of Pride and Prejudice that was published by People's Literature Publishing House in 1993. "I looked for it for a long time.Thanks to Déjà vu，now I have it!"she said with pleasure.
    （5）买二手物品甚至能带给买家惊喜。Zhao Kaiqi，a 22﹣year﹣old college student in Harbin，once found a note in a second﹣hand book she bought. "Its owner shared her thoughts and hoped I would enjoy it.It was so heart﹣warming，" Zhao said."I want to do the same thing in the future，too."
 
（1）　   　
（2）　   　
（3）　   　
（4）　   　
（5）　   　
2．（2018•高密市一模）From the time my children started school，I （A） 　   　 their lunches．In each lunch，I put a note．The note might be a thank you for a special moment，or a bit of encouragement for a test or sporting event．
   When they were small，they loved their notes．They talked about （B） 　   　 after school，and when I went back to teaching，they even put notes in my lunches．However，as kids grow older they become self﹣conscious （有自我意识的）．By the time my son，Marc，reached high school，he told me that he （C） 　   　 needed my daily notes，but I continued writing them until the day he graduated from high school．
    Six years after high school graduation，Marc called and asked if he could move home for a few months．He didn't return home often these years since he found a job in Sacramento and lived away from home．
    A few weeks after Marc arrived home to rest for a while，he was back at work．Since I was still making lunch every day for his younger brother and sister，I packed one for Marc，too． （D）I was so surprised when I got a call from my 24﹣year﹣old son，complaining（抱怨）about his lunch．
    "Did I do something wrong？Don't you love me，Mom？" were the questions he threw at me．I asked him what was wrong．
    "My note，Mom，" he answered．  "Where's my note？"
    This year my little son also said that he was too old for notes．But like his older brother，he will receive those notes until the day he graduates and in whatever lunches I pack for him afterwards．
 
（1）在A、C两处填入一个合适的单词或短语． 　   　； 　   　
（2）第二段B处 "them"指代： 　   　
（3）将D处句子翻译成汉语． 　   　
（4）Why didn't Marc return home often after high school graduation？
（5）给文章起个合适的标题． 　   　
3．（2018•齐齐哈尔）（A）你知道吃早饭有多重要吗？ A study of 2，000 teenagers in the US showed that eating breakfast daily is helpful to young people．
    According to the study， teenagers who eat breakfast weigh around 5 pounds less than teenagers who do not． Although they take in more（B）calories in the morning， they are more active during the day because they have more energy． This means they bum more calories than non﹣breakfast eaters． The breakfast does not even have to be very healthy， as eating anything is better than nothing．
    The study also showed that eating breakfast keeps teenagers feeling full for longer， so they will not eat too many snacks later in the day． This is good news as most popular snacks， like sweets and potato chips are usually unhealthy and full of calories．
    Another big benefit（益处）of eating breakfast is that（C）it makes teenagers do better at school． This is because it gives them more energy to keep their attention in class．
    What's more， a study in the UK showed that adults who eat breakfast daily put on less weight and also perform better at work．
    Whatever your age is， take time to have breakfast every day．
阅读短文，根据题目要求完成下列任务．
（1）把（A）处划线句子翻译成英语．　   　
（2）根据上下文，猜测文中（B）处划线单词 calories的中文意思．　   　
（3）找出（C）处划线单词it所指代的内容．　   　
（4）根据首字母，在文章中找出一个与英语释义相匹配的单词．
W　   　： how heavy somebody/something is， which can be measured（测量，度量）in， for example， kilograms or pounds
（5）请从文中找出与 No matter how old you are， it is necessary to spend time eating breakfast daily．意思相近的句子．　   　
4．（2022•雨花区校级一模）阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
    Jiang Mengnan was born in Yizhang County，Hunan Province in 1992.She lost her hearing when she was 6 months old.Ever since，she has been in a world of silence.（1）But after years of hard work，she overcame many difficulties to achieve her dream.
    When Jiang was a baby，her parents decided to teach her lip reading （唇语） to help her have a better future.When she was old enough，Jiang went to study in a primary school.（2）起初，这对她并不容易，但是她从未放弃。 During the lessons，teachers would often write on the blackboard with their back to the students.Jiang couldn't read their lips then.So she had to copy down everything on the blackboard and study alone after class. "My parents and teachers didn't just tell me the answers directly.（3）That helped me develop an ability to think independently. "The ability helped me a lot，" she said.
    In 2011，Jiang went to study at Jilin University and was accepted as a PhD candidate （博士生） by Tsinghua University later.
    Jiang has received so much help from others.（4）所以她想做一些有益于社会的事。Jiang also says， "Many people lost their hearing like me.But that doesn't mean we have to live differently.（5）As long as we work hard，we can do everything that others can do，and perhaps even better.
 
（1）　   　
（2）　   　
（3）　   　
（4）　   　
（5）　   　
5．（2021•海拉尔区模拟）Xi'an celebrated the first﹣ever China Hanfu Day on April 18.（A） ________ There were shows which were held by people wearing traditional Chinese clothing﹣Hanfu.Hanfu fans from all over China gathered there to take photos and put them online for a Hanfu photo competition which （①）________（持续） until May 18.
    China Hanfu Day is on the third day of the third month of the Chinese lunar calendar，which is said to be the birthday of the Yellow Emperor.In ancient China，this day was also called Shangsi Festival（上巳节）. （B） ________.
    Hanfu is the traditional clothing of the Han people who lived in China before the Qing Dynasty.It has a history of about 3，000 years. （C） ________ And it has changed greatly so far.However，some of its main characteristics remain.For example，there are two parts that overlap（交叠） on the front，which is called "jiaoling".Another main characteristic of Hanfu is that it usually uses ribbons（系带） instead of buttons（纽扣）.
    China is becoming a （②）________（lead） country in the world，so the Chinese people feel more confident about Chinese traditional culture than ever before. （D）_________
根据短文完成下列各项任务。
任务一
（1）A Hanfu has two parts that overlap on the front，which is called "jiaoling".Picture 　   　 gives the  best description.
 
（2）将"Its purpose is to encourage young Chinese to take pride in traditional clothing. "一句填写到
文中ABCD四处横线中最恰当的位置。 　   　
（3）段落三中划线部分单词的汉义是 　   　。
A.面料
B.体系
C.配饰
D.特点
任务二
（4）根据①处括号内所给汉语在横线填入一词。 　   　
（5）用②处括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 　   　
6．（2021•涟水县一模）A good book can teach you things beyond your class.It can open your eyes and clear your minds.If you want to get into a good reading habit，there are a number of ways to develop it.
    Plan your time
    You should give yourself at least half an hour in all for reading every day.When you set the time，nothing can change it.For example，make it a habit to read during breakfast or lunchtime.
    Always carry a book
    Wherever you go，take a book with you.When you leave the house，make sure that you always carry a good book as well as your school things.Remember that a book always stays with you.
    Find a quiet place
    Find a place in your home where you can sit in a comfortable chair.When you read a book，no one will trouble you.There should be no televisions，computers，music or even noisy family members around you.
    Have a library day
    Have a library card，and you can read as many good books as possible in the library.Make it a weekly trip to the library.You can save a lot of money.
    Blog it
    One of the best ways to develop a good reading habit is to put it on your blog（博客）.If you don't have one，create one.It's free.Ask your friends and family to go there to share your ideas and offer you some advice.
 
（1）You should spend at least 　   　minutes reading every day.When the time 　   　，nothing can change it.
（2）When you leave the house，remember to carry 　   　 and your school things.When you stay at home，make sure to find a quiet place where you can sit in a chair 　   　.
（3）If you have a library card，and you can read 　   　you can.It's a good idea to go to the library 　   　.You can save much money.
（4）　   　it on your blogs helps you to develop a good reading habit.You can ask your friends and family to go there to share your ideas and 　   　 for you.
（5）The writer thinks books can open our eyes and 　   　.And the passages gives us 　   　pieces of advice on how to develop a good reading habit.
7．（2021•郧西县一模）The year 2022 will be a big year for sports in China，for it will hold not ①______ the 24th Winter Olympics in Beijing，but also the 19th Asian Games （亚运会） in Hangzhou.
    On August 6th，2018，the official emblem （会徽） for the Hangzhou Asian Games came out.The city won the holding rights for the 2022 Asian Games in 2015.It will be the third Chinese city to hold the Asian Games after Beijing and Guangzhou in 1990 and 2010.
    First held in 1951，the Asian Games is the largest multi﹣sport event in Asia.It also means a lot to China.
The Beijing Asian Games was the first large international sports event held by China. To make the Games a great success，Chinese people worked hard to prepare.Beijing built ②_____ great number of roads and stadiums （体育馆）：including the famous Beijing Olympic Sports Centre and Asian Games Village.The Games helped the world see China and its achievements.Since then，China has improved its global image.
    For the upcoming 2022 Asian Games，Hangzhou has already started building 33 sports venues （比赛场馆）.The themes for the Hangzhou Asian Games are "green，smart，economical （节俭） and civilized （文明）".All the Games' buildings will be environmentally friendly.
 
任务一：请根据短文内容，分别写出①、②处所缺单词。（每空限填一词）
（1）①　   　②　   　
任务二：阅读短文，从短文中找出与下面句子意思相近的句子。
（2）The Asian Games has great importance to China.
　   　
任务三：请把上文中划线的句子翻译成汉语。
（3）
　   　
任务四：请根据短文内容回答下列问题。
（4）When was the first Asian Games held in China？
　   　
（5）What's the theme of 2022 Asian Games？
　   　
8．（2021•沈阳）Jason is interested in China．He has found some information about Chinese culture．
    The abacus
    The abacus was perhaps the earliest type of computer．People （A） started using it more than 4，000 years ago to do maths．It was used in ancient China，Rome，Egypt and Greece．Today （B） 一些人仍然使用它。
    Kungfu
    "Kungfu" is the popular name given to Chinese martial arts in the West．It refers to a number of different types of fighting that have developed （C） more than hundreds of years in China．These different styles are often called "schools"．One of the most famous schools is the Shaolin School．It comes （D）          the Shaolin Temple at Songshan in Henan Province．
    TCM
    Today when people in the West need medical help，they often choose （E）              "new" kind of medicine that is actually quite old．They choose traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）．
TCM uses many different kinds of treatments．Herbal medicines are used，for example，to help bring balance to people． （F） Many of the treatments used in TCM have helped people for thousands of years．People can use Chinese medicine for almost any sickness they have．
 
（1）写出文中画线部分 （A） 和 （C） 的同义词或近义词： 　   　； 　   　
（2）将文中画线部分 （B） 译成英语： 　   　
（3）在文中 （D） 和 （E） 的空白处填入适当的单词： 　 　   　； 　   　
（4）将文中画线部分 （F） 改写为：Many of the treatments used in TCM have helped people  　   　 thousands of years  　   　．
（5）从文中找出两个与中国文化相关的名词： 　   　； 　   　
9．（2021•长沙）阅读下面短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
    Yangge is a kind of traditional Chinese folk（民间的） dance.The performers （表演者） dance to music with handkerchiefs（手帕）or fans in their hands.（1）It's a very popular festival activity in north China.
    Yangge may have different forms from place to place，but all of them express happiness. （2）很多人非常喜欢秧歌。Most dancers are young men and young women.Some are even old ladies.Almost every village in northern Shaanxi Province has yangge teams. （3）They begin to prepare yangge even a month before the Chinese New Year.During the Spring Festival，the yangge teams pay New Year's calls from house to house.
    （4）They wish people a happy New Year by dancing yangge in the streets.  Some young men often play the drums，and the performers wave red silk bands（挥舞红绸带）.People set off firecrackers（鞭炮）to welcome the dancers.（5）他们邀请表演者品尝自制食物。The sounds of songs，drums and firecrackers form an air of festivity in the village.
    Nowadays，yangge has spread into city parks，streets and squares，and it has developed into a kind of popular exercise for city people.
 
（1）　   　；
（2）　   　；
（3）　   　；
（4）　   　；
（5）　   　
 
10．（2018•沈阳）Puberty（青春期） is the stage of life when young people leave childhood and head into adulthood．It is a difficult process（过程）for teenagers because it has an effect on both their minds and bodies．They need to understand what is going on with their bodies，how to deal with those changes and how to start taking responsibility（责任） for themselves．
    A young person may begin puberty at 8，while another may not start puberty（A） ____14 or 15．In general，girls start puberty two years before boys do．For both girls and boys，it is usually complete by the age of 18．
    During these years，the body develops in many ways． （B） 感受也会迅速地改变
    Teenage boys at this stage often begin to take unnecessary risks．Their focus is on having fun and being accepted by others． （C） They need to think before they act and make good decisions for themselves．
    A girl's personality often does not develop in the same way （D） _____a boy's．Teenage girls sometimes lose confidence in themselves．They are no longer （E）certain about their own feelings．Yet they are usually afraid to tell their parents or teachers about their problems．For this reason，teenage girls should be encouraged to（F） talk about things with trusted adults．
    Parents，schools and communities can do a lot to care for and help young people．It is everyone's responsibility to make sure that young people grow into healthy adults．
（1）在文中（A）和（D）的空白处填入适当的单词： 　   　； 　   　
（2）将文中画线部分（B）译成语 　   　
（3）文中画线部分（C）指代的是： 　   　？
（4）写出文中画线部分（E）和（F）的同义词或近义词 　   　； 　   　
（5）从文中找出青春期影响青少年两个方面的名词： 　   　， 　   　

2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题（阅读理解）：任务型阅读（10题）
参考答案与试题解析
一．任务型阅读（共10小题）
1．（2021•长沙一模）阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
    Buying second﹣hand objects is becoming more popular these days.One million people are selling over2 million second﹣hand objects，such as clothing，books，cellphones and so on on Xianyu every day，Xinhua reported.
    According to a speech given by Wei Ying，the founder of the second﹣hand book﹣trading website Déjàvu，people make more money nowadays，and buy more things than before.（1）当他们不再需要某些物品时，他们就在网站上把它们卖出。And at the same time，shoppers benefit a lot by shopping on such websites.
    When Chen Junjun，22，a college student in Shanghai，wants to buy books，she uses Déjàvu. （2）She searches for the books she wants and adds them to her shopping basket，just like on any other shopping website.The difference is that the books are much cheaper ﹣ as much as 70 percent cheaper than new books.（3）Since I don't have enough pocket money，it's a perfect choice for me."Chen said.
    （4）Besides lower prices，it can also meet people's special needs.For example，Yan Minjun，21，is a picky reader.She has bought many classic versions （版本）of books on Déjàvu，such as a copy of Pride and Prejudice that was published by People's Literature Publishing House in 1993. "I looked for it for a long time.Thanks to Déjà vu，now I have it!"she said with pleasure.
    （5）买二手物品甚至能带给买家惊喜。Zhao Kaiqi，a 22﹣year﹣old college student in Harbin，once found a note in a second﹣hand book she bought. "Its owner shared her thoughts and hoped I would enjoy it.It was so heart﹣warming，" Zhao said."I want to do the same thing in the future，too."
 
（1）　When they no longer need something，they sell it on the website.　
（2）　她寻找她想要的书，把它们放进购物篮。　
（3）　既然我没有足够的零花钱，那对我来说是个完美的选择。　
（4）　它不仅价格便宜，还能满足人们的特殊需要。　
（5）　Buying second﹣hand goods can surprise buyers.　
【考点】任务型阅读．
【分析】据新华社报道，现在购买二手物品越来越流行，每天有100万人在闲游购物网站上出售超过200万件二手物品，如衣服、书籍、手机等。购物者通过在这样的网站上购物受益匪浅。
【解答】（1）When they no longer need something，they sell it on the website.英译汉题。根据当他们不再需要某些物品时，他们就在网站上把它们卖出。可知当他们译为When they；no longer need something译为不再需要某些物品；他们就把它们卖出译为they sell it；网站上译为 on the website；分析句子结构，可知这是一个复合句，when当……的时候，引导时间状语从句，时态是一般现在时态。故答案为When they no longer need something，they sell it on the website.
（2）她寻找她想要的书，把它们放进购物篮。英译汉题。根据She searches for the books she wants and adds them to her shopping basket.可知，She searches for the books 译为她寻找书；she wants译为她想要的，是定语从句，修饰 books。and adds them 译为把它们；to her shopping basket译为放进购物篮；adds...to ...把……放进……。故答案为她寻找她想要的书，把它们放进购物篮。
（3）既然我没有足够的零花钱，那对我来说是个完美的选择。英译汉题。根据 Since I don't have enough pocket money，it's a perfect choice for me.可知，Since I don't have 译为既然我没有；enough pocket money译为足够的零花钱；it's a perfect choice 译为是个完美的选择；for me译为那对我来说；故答案为既然我没有足够的零花钱，那对我来说是个完美的选择。
（4）它不仅价格便宜，还能满足人们的特殊需要。英译汉题。根据Besides lower prices，it can also meet people's special needs.可知，Besides lower prices译为除了价格便宜，it can also meet 译为还能满足，meet 满足；people's special needs译为人们的特殊需要；Besides除…之外（还）；故答案为它不仅价格便宜，还能满足人们的特殊需要。。
（5）Buying second﹣hand goods can surprise buyers.汉译英题。根据买二手物品甚至能带给买家惊喜。可知，买二手物品译为Buying second﹣hand goods；Buying second﹣hand goods 动名词短语做主语；能带给买家惊喜译为can surprise buyers；情态动词can+动词原形surprise；故答案为Buying second﹣hand goods can surprise buyers.
【点评】任务型阅读理解题是介于阅读理解与书面表达之间的一种题型，所选文章题材内容贴近现代社会生活，涉及学生生活、富有时代气息。这篇文章主要考查学生的翻译能力。
2．（2018•高密市一模）From the time my children started school，I （A） 　packed　 their lunches．In each lunch，I put a note．The note might be a thank you for a special moment，or a bit of encouragement for a test or sporting event．
   When they were small，they loved their notes．They talked about （B） 　them　 after school，and when I went back to teaching，they even put notes in my lunches．However，as kids grow older they become self﹣conscious （有自我意识的）．By the time my son，Marc，reached high school，he told me that he （C） 　no longer　 needed my daily notes，but I continued writing them until the day he graduated from high school．
    Six years after high school graduation，Marc called and asked if he could move home for a few months．He didn't return home often these years since he found a job in Sacramento and lived away from home．
    A few weeks after Marc arrived home to rest for a while，he was back at work．Since I was still making lunch every day for his younger brother and sister，I packed one for Marc，too． （D）I was so surprised when I got a call from my 24﹣year﹣old son，complaining（抱怨）about his lunch．
    "Did I do something wrong？Don't you love me，Mom？" were the questions he threw at me．I asked him what was wrong．
    "My note，Mom，" he answered．  "Where's my note？"
    This year my little son also said that he was too old for notes．But like his older brother，he will receive those notes until the day he graduates and in whatever lunches I pack for him afterwards．
 
（1）在A、C两处填入一个合适的单词或短语． 　packed　； 　no longer　
（2）第二段B处 "them"指代： 　The notes　
（3）将D处句子翻译成汉语． 　当我接到我24岁的儿子打来的电话，抱怨他的午餐，我感到非常惊讶．　
（4）Why didn't Marc return home often after high school graduation？
（5）给文章起个合适的标题． 　Love Notes　
【考点】任务型阅读．
【分析】本文讲述了作者为自己的孩子始终如一的在中午的饭餐袋子里放上纸条，随着儿子的长大，他不再喜欢了，但是当他大学毕业回来后，他仍然想要作者给自己写便条．
【解答】1．packed；细节理解题；根据语境From the time my children started school，I （A） packed their lunches从我的孩子上学开始，我就打包他们的午餐．打包是pack，事情发生在过去，故答案是packed．
no longer；细节理解题；根据语境By the time my son，Marc，reached high school，he told me that he （C）…needed my daily notes，but I continued writing them until the day he graduated from high school．当我的儿子贾景晖到达高中时，他告诉我他不再需要我的纸条，但我继续写，直到他高中毕业那天．不再是no longer．
2．The  notes；细节理解题．根据语境When they were small，they loved their notes．They talked about them after school，and when I went back to teaching，they even put notes in my lunches．当他们很小的时候，他们喜欢他们的便条，放学后他们经常谈论这些便条，当我回去学习时，他们还要将便条放入我的午餐．可知them指的是The  notes．
3．当我接到我24岁的儿子打来的电话，抱怨他的午餐，我感到非常惊讶．英译汉题be surprised惊讶；got a call from sb 接到某人的电话；24﹣year﹣old son24岁的儿子，complaine about sth抱怨某事．
4．Because he found a job in Sacramento and lived away from home．细节理解题．题目问的是"为什么毕业后不经常回家"，根据语境He didn't return home often these years since he found a job in Sacramento and lived away from home自从他在 Sacramento找到一份工作，住的距离家很远，他最近几年不是经常回家了．可得出答案．
 5．Love Notes；概括大意题．根据第一段及全文可知，本文主要围绕作者的爱的便条展开的，
【点评】此题考查任务型阅读，在理解文章意思基础上，结合具体任务要求，仔细分析，便可得出正确答案．
3．（2018•齐齐哈尔）（A）你知道吃早饭有多重要吗？ A study of 2，000 teenagers in the US showed that eating breakfast daily is helpful to young people．
    According to the study， teenagers who eat breakfast weigh around 5 pounds less than teenagers who do not． Although they take in more（B）calories in the morning， they are more active during the day because they have more energy． This means they bum more calories than non﹣breakfast eaters． The breakfast does not even have to be very healthy， as eating anything is better than nothing．
    The study also showed that eating breakfast keeps teenagers feeling full for longer， so they will not eat too many snacks later in the day． This is good news as most popular snacks， like sweets and potato chips are usually unhealthy and full of calories．
    Another big benefit（益处）of eating breakfast is that（C）it makes teenagers do better at school． This is because it gives them more energy to keep their attention in class．
    What's more， a study in the UK showed that adults who eat breakfast daily put on less weight and also perform better at work．
    Whatever your age is， take time to have breakfast every day．
阅读短文，根据题目要求完成下列任务．
（1）把（A）处划线句子翻译成英语．　Do you know how important it is to have breakfast？　
（2）根据上下文，猜测文中（B）处划线单词 calories的中文意思．　卡路里　
（3）找出（C）处划线单词it所指代的内容．　eating breakfast　
（4）根据首字母，在文章中找出一个与英语释义相匹配的单词．
W　eight　： how heavy somebody/something is， which can be measured（测量，度量）in， for example， kilograms or pounds
（5）请从文中找出与 No matter how old you are， it is necessary to spend time eating breakfast daily．意思相近的句子．　Whatever your age is，take time to have breakfast every day．　
【考点】任务型阅读．
【分析】本文讲述吃早餐对于青少年的重要性．吃早餐不但不会发胖，还提供给青少年足够的能量使他们在课堂上集中注意力．然而，青少年们常吃的一些零食不仅没有营养，反而会使人发胖．
【解答】（1）Do you know how important it is to have breakfast？汉译英题；陈述一般事实用一般现在时态，你知道吗Do you know，是主句； how important it is to have breakfast是宾语从句，it是从句中的形式主语，真正的主语是后面的to have breakfast，多么重要how important it is ，感叹句，to have breakfast，前面it代指的内容．
（2）卡路里，词义猜测题；根据句意虽然早晨摄入更多的热量，但他们在白天更活跃，因为他们有更多的能量．猜测出其意思是能量单位卡路里．
（3）eating breakfast；细节理解题；根据语境Another big benefit（ m k）of eating breakfast is that（C）it makes teenagers do better at school吃早餐的另一大好处是它使青少年在学校表现更好，可知it代指eating breakfast．
（4）Weight；细节理解题；how heavy somebody/something is， which can be measured（测量，度量）in， for example， kilograms or pounds某人或某物有多重，可以测量，例如公斤或磅，可知答案是weight．
（5）Whatever your age is， take time to have breakfast every day．细节理解题； No matter how old you are， it is necessary to spend time eating breakfast daily不管你多大年纪，每天都要花时间吃早餐．原文意思相近的是Whatever your age is， take time to have breakfast every day．无论你多大年纪，每天都要花时间吃早餐．no  matter  how old you are 是让步状语从句，用特殊疑问词组how old表达年龄，Whatever your age is也是让步状语从句，用名词age 表达年龄．
【点评】此题考查任务型阅读，在理解文章意思的基础之上，结合具体的任务要求，仔细分析便可得出正确答案．
4．（2022•雨花区校级一模）阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
    Jiang Mengnan was born in Yizhang County，Hunan Province in 1992.She lost her hearing when she was 6 months old.Ever since，she has been in a world of silence.（1）But after years of hard work，she overcame many difficulties to achieve her dream.
    When Jiang was a baby，her parents decided to teach her lip reading （唇语） to help her have a better future.When she was old enough，Jiang went to study in a primary school.（2）起初，这对她并不容易，但是她从未放弃。 During the lessons，teachers would often write on the blackboard with their back to the students.Jiang couldn't read their lips then.So she had to copy down everything on the blackboard and study alone after class. "My parents and teachers didn't just tell me the answers directly.（3）That helped me develop an ability to think independently. "The ability helped me a lot，" she said.
    In 2011，Jiang went to study at Jilin University and was accepted as a PhD candidate （博士生） by Tsinghua University later.
    Jiang has received so much help from others.（4）所以她想做一些有益于社会的事。Jiang also says， "Many people lost their hearing like me.But that doesn't mean we have to live differently.（5）As long as we work hard，we can do everything that others can do，and perhaps even better.
 
（1）　但是经过多年的努力，她克服了很多困难去实现她的梦想。　
（2）　At first，it was not easy for her，but she never gave up.　
（3）　那帮助我养成了独立思考的能力。　
（4）　So she wants to do something good for the society.　
（5）　只要我们努力工作，我们可以做别人能做的所有事，也许还会做得更好。　
【考点】任务型阅读．
【分析】本文讲了蒋梦楠的故事。蒋梦楠1992年出生于湖南省宜章县。她6个月大时失去了听力。从那以后，她一直处于一个沉默的世界。但经过多年的努力，她克服了许多困难实现了她的梦想。2011年，江去吉林大学学习，后来被清华大学录取为博士生。蒋还说，"许多人和我一样失去了听力。但这并不意味着我们必须以不同的方式生活。只要我们努力工作，我们可以做其他人能做的一切，甚至可能做得更好。"
【解答】（1）但是经过多年的努力，她克服了很多困难去实现她的梦想。英译汉。根据But after years of hard work，she overcame many difficulties to achieve her dream.可知时态是一般过去时态；But after years of hard work但是经过多年的努力；she overcame many difficulties她克服了很多困难；to achieve her dream去实现她的梦想；动词不定式短语做目的状语。故填但是经过多年的努力，她克服了很多困难去实现她的梦想。
（2）At first，it was not easy for her，but she never gave up.汉译英。根据起初，这对她并不容易，但是她从未放弃。可知起初可用短语at first；对某人不容易可用句型It's not easy for sb.注意：根据上下文，判断本句时态为一般过去时，be动词要用was；"但是"为连词but，表转折；从未用副词never，修饰动作"放弃"。故填At first，it was not easy for her，but she never gave up.
（3）那帮助我养成了独立思考的能力。英译汉。根据That helped me develop an ability to think independently.可知动词短语help sb.do.sth.意为"帮助某人做某事"；动词develop为"发展、培养"，名词ability为"能力；动词think为"思考、想"。故填那帮助我养成了独立思考的能力。
（4）So she wants to do something good for the society.汉译英。根据所以她想做一些有益于社会的事。判断本句时态为一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数she；谓语动词"想"应用动词want的第三人称单数wants；为短语want to do.sth.表示想做某事；短语 good for有益于；用短语"good for the society有益于社会的" 放在"一些事"something后作定语；"社会"为名词society。故填society。
（5）只要我们努力工作，我们可以做别人能做的所有事，也许还会做得更好。英译汉。根据As long as we work hard，we can do everything that others can do，and perhaps even better.可知这是一个复合句，当as long as 意思为"只要"时，引导条件状语从句。we can do everything 我们可以做一切事情；that others can do做别人能做的，是定语从句修饰everything；and perhaps 也许；even better更好。even甚至；更加，修饰比较级better。故填只要我们努力工作，我们可以做别人能做的所有事，也许还会做得更好。
【点评】任务型阅读题型综合检测考生的阅读、理解、分析、判断、跨文化交际知识以及心理感悟能力等。考生对某一题的错误判断会影响其对其他题目作出正确的分析和判断，产生曼延作用。
5．（2021•海拉尔区模拟）Xi'an celebrated the first﹣ever China Hanfu Day on April 18.（A） ________ There were shows which were held by people wearing traditional Chinese clothing﹣Hanfu.Hanfu fans from all over China gathered there to take photos and put them online for a Hanfu photo competition which （①）________（持续） until May 18.
    China Hanfu Day is on the third day of the third month of the Chinese lunar calendar，which is said to be the birthday of the Yellow Emperor.In ancient China，this day was also called Shangsi Festival（上巳节）. （B） ________.
    Hanfu is the traditional clothing of the Han people who lived in China before the Qing Dynasty.It has a history of about 3，000 years. （C） ________ And it has changed greatly so far.However，some of its main characteristics remain.For example，there are two parts that overlap（交叠） on the front，which is called "jiaoling".Another main characteristic of Hanfu is that it usually uses ribbons（系带） instead of buttons（纽扣）.
    China is becoming a （②）________（lead） country in the world，so the Chinese people feel more confident about Chinese traditional culture than ever before. （D）_________
根据短文完成下列各项任务。
任务一
（1）A Hanfu has two parts that overlap on the front，which is called "jiaoling".Picture 　A.　 gives the  best description.
 
（2）将"Its purpose is to encourage young Chinese to take pride in traditional clothing. "一句填写到
文中ABCD四处横线中最恰当的位置。 　B.　
（3）段落三中划线部分单词的汉义是 　D．　。
A.面料
B.体系
C.配饰
D.特点
任务二
（4）根据①处括号内所给汉语在横线填入一词。 　will last.　
（5）用②处括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 　leading.　
【考点】任务型阅读．
【分析】文章讲了西安在4月18日庆祝了有史以来第一个中国汉服日。其目的是鼓励中国年轻人以传统服装为荣。
【解答】（1）A．细节理解题，根据However，some of its main characteristics remain.However，some of its main characteristics remain.For example，there are two parts that overlap on the front，which is called "jiaoling".可知然而，它的一些主要特点仍然存在。例如，前面有两个部分重叠，称为"交岭"。所以汉服有两个部分在前面重叠，这就是所谓的"交岭"。A这张照片描述得最好。故选A。
（2）B．细节理解题，根据Its purpose is to encourage young Chinese to take pride in traditional clothing.可知其目的是鼓励中国年轻人以传统服装为荣。根据 China Hanfu Day is on the third day of the third month of the Chinese lunar calendar，which is said to be the birthday of the Yellow Emperor.可知中国汉服节是中国农历三月三，据说是黄帝的生日。第二段主要讲的汉服节的由来和设立汉服节的目的。所以将"其目的是鼓励中国年轻人以传统服装为荣。"一句填写到文中B处横线中最恰当的位置。故选B。
（3）D．词义猜测题，根据However，some of its main characteristics remain.可知然而，它的一些主要特点仍然存在。所以段落三中划线部分单词的汉语意思是特点。故选D。
（4）will last．词义猜测题，根据Hanfu fans from all over China gathered there to take photos and put them online for a Hanfu photo competition which （①）will last（持续） until May 18.可知来自中国各地的汉服迷聚集在这里拍照，并把他们放在网上参加汉服摄影比赛将持续到5月18日。所以应用last持续；继续；延续；继续存在；持续起作用；持久；根据句意分析句子时态应是一般将来时态。故答案为will last。
（5）leading．词义猜测题，根据China is becoming a （②）leading（lead） country in the world.可知推测句意应为中国正在成为一个世界领先国家。所以用②处括号内所给单词的适当形式应为lead的现在分词形式leading一流的；领先的；故答案为leading。
【点评】此类题型考查英语知识的综合运用，各小题类型比较复杂，涉及补全句子、翻译及阅读理解等，答题中要注意运用这些题型的答题技巧。答题前一定要弄懂全文，然后再动手解答问题。答题过程中，注意联系学过的句式、短语，结合短文内容，完成各小题的解答。
6．（2021•涟水县一模）A good book can teach you things beyond your class.It can open your eyes and clear your minds.If you want to get into a good reading habit，there are a number of ways to develop it.
    Plan your time
    You should give yourself at least half an hour in all for reading every day.When you set the time，nothing can change it.For example，make it a habit to read during breakfast or lunchtime.
    Always carry a book
    Wherever you go，take a book with you.When you leave the house，make sure that you always carry a good book as well as your school things.Remember that a book always stays with you.
    Find a quiet place
    Find a place in your home where you can sit in a comfortable chair.When you read a book，no one will trouble you.There should be no televisions，computers，music or even noisy family members around you.
    Have a library day
    Have a library card，and you can read as many good books as possible in the library.Make it a weekly trip to the library.You can save a lot of money.
    Blog it
    One of the best ways to develop a good reading habit is to put it on your blog（博客）.If you don't have one，create one.It's free.Ask your friends and family to go there to share your ideas and offer you some advice.
 
（1）You should spend at least 　30　minutes reading every day.When the time 　is  set　，nothing can change it.
（2）When you leave the house，remember to carry 　a    book　 and your school things.When you stay at home，make sure to find a quiet place where you can sit in a chair 　comfortably　.
（3）If you have a library card，and you can read 　what　you can.It's a good idea to go to the library 　to  read　.You can save much money.
（4）　Putting　it on your blogs helps you to develop a good reading habit.You can ask your friends and family to go there to share your ideas and 　find  some  advice　 for you.
（5）The writer thinks books can open our eyes and 　clear our  minds　.And the passages gives us 　some　pieces of advice on how to develop a good reading habit.
【考点】任务型阅读；阅读填空．
【分析】作者认为书能开阔我们的眼界，使我们头脑清醒。这些文章给了我们一些关于如何养成良好阅读习惯的建议。
【解答】（1）30；is set .细节理解题。根据You should give yourself at least half an hour in all for reading every day.When you set the time，nothing can change it.可知你应该给自己每天至少半小时的阅读时间。当你设定时间时，没有什么能改变它。所以 half an hour 半小时，可以表达为30 minutes；you set the time你设定时间可以用被动语态表达为the time  is  set时间被设定，所以就是问题（1）的句子You should spend at least  30 minutes reading every day.When the time  is  set ，nothing can change it.故答案为 30；is set。
（2）a book；comfortably.细节理解题。根据When you leave the house，make sure that you always carry a good book as well as your school things.Find a place in your home where you can sit in a comfortable chair.可知当你离开家时，一定要随身携带一本好书和你的学习用品。在家里找一个你可以坐在舒服椅子上。根据句意问题（2）的句子应为When you leave the house，remember to carry a  book  and your school things.When you stay at home，make sure to find a quiet place where you can sit in a   chair comfortably.你应该每天至少花30分钟阅读。设定好时间后，什么也改变不了它。短语carry a good book 携带一本好书sit in a comfortable chair坐在舒服椅子上可以表达为 sit in a chair comfortably舒服地坐在椅子上；故答案为a book；comfortably。
（3）as many good books as possible；to read.细节理解题。根据  Have a library card，and you can read as many good books as possible in the library.Make it a weekly trip to the library.You can save a lot of money.可知有一张借书证，你就能在图书馆里读到尽可能多的好书。每周去图书馆一次。你可以省很多钱。as many good books as possible尽可能多的好书；It's a good idea to go to the library to read  .去图书馆看书是个好主意；动词不定式表目的 to read；根据句意问题（3）的句子If you have a library card，and you can read  as many good books as possible  you can.It's a good idea to go to the library  to  read  .You can save much money.如果你有借书证，你能读什么就读什么。去图书馆看书是个好主意。你可以省很多钱。故答案为as many good books as possible；to read。
（4）Putting；find some advice.细节理解题。根据One of the best ways to develop a good reading habit is to put it on your blog（博客）.If you don't have one，create one.It's free.Ask your friends and family to go there to share your ideas and offer you some advice.可知养成良好阅读习惯的最好方法之一就是把它放在你的博客上。如果你没有，就创建一个。它是免费的。让你的朋友和家人去那里分享你的想法，给你一些建议。短语Put ……on 把它……上；find some advice for you给你一些建议建议，不可数名词；根据句意问题（4）的句子应为Putting it on your blogs helps you to develop a good reading habit.You can ask your friends and family to go there to share your ideas and advice for you.把它放在你的博客上可以帮助你养成良好的阅读习惯。你可以邀请你的朋友和家人去那里分享你的想法和建议。用动名词作主语。故答案为Putting；find some advice。
（5）clear our minds；some .推理判断题。根据A good book can teach you things beyond your class.It can open your eyes and clear your minds.If you want to get into a good reading habit，there are a number of ways to develop it.可知一本好书可以教给你课堂以外的东西。它能让你睁开眼睛，清醒头脑。如果你想养成一个好的阅读习惯，有很多方法可以培养它。clear our  minds.清醒头脑；a number of ways很多方法；可以表达为  some pieces of advice。根据句意问题（4）的句子应为The writer thinks books can open our eyes and  clear our  minds.And the passages gives us some pieces of advice on how to develop a good reading habit .作者认为书能开阔我们的眼界，使我们头脑清醒。这些文章给了我们一些关于如何养成良好阅读习惯的建议。故答案为clear our minds；some。
【点评】阅读表达题往往从不同的角度命题，既考查学生的阅读理解能力，也考查他们的英语表达能力和概括能力，另外，对回答的拼写、语法的正确性的也有较高的要求。
7．（2021•郧西县一模）The year 2022 will be a big year for sports in China，for it will hold not ①______ the 24th Winter Olympics in Beijing，but also the 19th Asian Games （亚运会） in Hangzhou.
    On August 6th，2018，the official emblem （会徽） for the Hangzhou Asian Games came out.The city won the holding rights for the 2022 Asian Games in 2015.It will be the third Chinese city to hold the Asian Games after Beijing and Guangzhou in 1990 and 2010.
    First held in 1951，the Asian Games is the largest multi﹣sport event in Asia.It also means a lot to China.
The Beijing Asian Games was the first large international sports event held by China. To make the Games a great success，Chinese people worked hard to prepare.Beijing built ②_____ great number of roads and stadiums （体育馆）：including the famous Beijing Olympic Sports Centre and Asian Games Village.The Games helped the world see China and its achievements.Since then，China has improved its global image.
    For the upcoming 2022 Asian Games，Hangzhou has already started building 33 sports venues （比赛场馆）.The themes for the Hangzhou Asian Games are "green，smart，economical （节俭） and civilized （文明）".All the Games' buildings will be environmentally friendly.
 
任务一：请根据短文内容，分别写出①、②处所缺单词。（每空限填一词）
（1）①　only　②　a　
任务二：阅读短文，从短文中找出与下面句子意思相近的句子。
（2）The Asian Games has great importance to China.
　It also means a lot to China.　
任务三：请把上文中划线的句子翻译成汉语。
（3）
　为了成功举办亚运会，中国人民努力在准备。　
任务四：请根据短文内容回答下列问题。
（4）When was the first Asian Games held in China？
　In 1990.　
（5）What's the theme of 2022 Asian Games？
　The themes for the Hangzhou Asian Games are "green，smart，economical and civilized ".　
【考点】任务型阅读．
【分析】2022年将是中国体育事业的重要一年，因为它不仅将在北京举办第24届冬季奥运会，还将在杭州举办第19届亚运会。为迎接即将到来的2022年亚运会，杭州已经开始建设33个体育场馆。杭州亚运会的主题是"绿色、智能、节俭、文明"。所有奥运会建筑都将是环保型的。
【解答】（1）only；a.单词填空题。根据①句意：2022年将是中国体育事业的重要一年，因为它不仅将在北京举办第24届冬季奥运会，还将在杭州举办第19届亚运会。此句运用了句型not only ...but also...意为"不仅……而且……"，此处应填only。根据②句意北京修建了大量道路和体育场馆：包括著名的北京奥林匹克体育中心和亚运村。固定短语a great number of 意思是大量；许多的，此处应填冠词a。故填only；a.
（2）It also means a lot to China.同义句题。根据It also means a lot to China.可知这对中国也很重要。与所给句子The Asian Games has great importance to China.亚运会对中国非常重要。意思相同。mean a lot to...对……来说很重要；have great importance to...对……非常重要。故填It also means a lot to China.
（3）为了成功举办亚运会，中国人民努力在准备。英译汉。根据To make the Games a great success，Chinese people worked hard to prepare.可知时态是一般过去时态。To make the Games a great success即为为了成功举办亚运会，Chinese people中国人民；worked hard to prepare即为努力在准备。故填为了成功举办亚运会，中国人民努力在准备。
（4）In 1990.细节推测题。根据It will be the third Chinese city to hold the Asian Games after Beijing and Guangzhou in 1990 and 2010.它将是继1990年和2010年北京和广州之后第三个举办亚运会的中国城市。可推测第一届亚运会是在1990在中国举行的。故填In 1990.
（5）The themes for the Hangzhou Asian Games are "green，smart，economical and civilized ".细节理解题。根据The themes for the Hangzhou Asian Games are "green，smart，economical （节俭） and civilized （文明）".杭州亚运会的主题是"绿色、智能、节俭、文明"。故填The themes for the Hangzhou Asian Games are "green，smart，economical and civilized ".
【点评】在通读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，瞻前顾后，正确翻译句子。
8．（2021•沈阳）Jason is interested in China．He has found some information about Chinese culture．
    The abacus
    The abacus was perhaps the earliest type of computer．People （A） started using it more than 4，000 years ago to do maths．It was used in ancient China，Rome，Egypt and Greece．Today （B） 一些人仍然使用它。
    Kungfu
    "Kungfu" is the popular name given to Chinese martial arts in the West．It refers to a number of different types of fighting that have developed （C） more than hundreds of years in China．These different styles are often called "schools"．One of the most famous schools is the Shaolin School．It comes （D）          the Shaolin Temple at Songshan in Henan Province．
    TCM
    Today when people in the West need medical help，they often choose （E）              "new" kind of medicine that is actually quite old．They choose traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）．
TCM uses many different kinds of treatments．Herbal medicines are used，for example，to help bring balance to people． （F） Many of the treatments used in TCM have helped people for thousands of years．People can use Chinese medicine for almost any sickness they have．
 
（1）写出文中画线部分 （A） 和 （C） 的同义词或近义词： 　began　； 　over.　
（2）将文中画线部分 （B） 译成英语： 　some people are still using it．　
（3）在文中 （D） 和 （E） 的空白处填入适当的单词： 　 　from　； 　a.　
（4）将文中画线部分 （F） 改写为：Many of the treatments used in TCM have helped people  　since　 thousands of years  　ago　．
（5）从文中找出两个与中国文化相关的名词： 　The abacus　； 　Kungfu.　
【考点】任务型阅读．
【分析】文章主要介绍了算盘、中药和中国功夫。
【解答】（1）began；over.同义词。根据The abacus was perhaps the earliest type of computer．People started using it more than 4，000 years ago to do maths．算盘可能是最早的计算机，4000多年前人们就开始用它来做数学了。可知started 意思是开始；其同义词应为began意思是开始；根据It refers to a number of different types of fighting that have developed more than hundreds of years in China．它指的是在中国发展了数百年的各种不同类型的战斗。more than意思是超过；多余；其同义词应为over意思是超过；多余；故答案为began；over。
（2）some people are still using it．汉译英。根据一些人仍然使用它。可知，一些人译为some people；仍然使用它译为are still using it。时态是现在进行时态。故答案为some people are still using it。
（3）from；a.单词填空题。根据句意它来自河南省嵩山的少林寺。可知短语comes from...表示来自于……。此处应填介词from从；根据句意今天，当西方人需要医疗帮助时，他们通常会选择一种"新"的药物，这种药物实际上已经很旧了。短语a  kind of表示一种；此处应填冠词a；故答案为from；a。
（4）since；ago.句型转换题。根据Many of the treatments used in TCM have helped people for thousands of years．几千年来，中医中使用的许多治疗方法都帮助了人们。时态是一般过去时态；时间状语是 for thousands of years．几千年来；转换为同义句Many of the treatments used in TCM have helped people  since thousands of years  ago．自数千年前以来，中医中使用的许多治疗方法已经帮助了人们。时态是现在完成时态；时间状语是since thousands of years ago．自数千年前以来；故答案为since；ago。
（5）The abacus；Kungfu.关键词题。根据The abacus was perhaps the earliest type of computer．People （A） started using it more than 4，000 years ago to do maths．算盘可能是最早的计算机，4000多年前人们就开始用它来做数学了。根据 "Kungfu" is the popular name given to Chinese martial arts in the West．It refers to a number of different types of fighting that have developed （C） more than hundreds of years in China．"功夫"在西方是中国武术的流行名称。它指的是在中国发展了数百年的多种不同类型的格斗。本文首先说了The abacus，其次描写了"Kungfu"。所以从文中找出两个与中国文化相关的名词应是：算盘；功夫。故答案为The abacus；Kungfu。
【点评】在通读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，瞻前顾后，正确翻译句子。
9．（2021•长沙）阅读下面短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
    Yangge is a kind of traditional Chinese folk（民间的） dance.The performers （表演者） dance to music with handkerchiefs（手帕）or fans in their hands.（1）It's a very popular festival activity in north China.
    Yangge may have different forms from place to place，but all of them express happiness. （2）很多人非常喜欢秧歌。Most dancers are young men and young women.Some are even old ladies.Almost every village in northern Shaanxi Province has yangge teams. （3）They begin to prepare yangge even a month before the Chinese New Year.During the Spring Festival，the yangge teams pay New Year's calls from house to house.
    （4）They wish people a happy New Year by dancing yangge in the streets.  Some young men often play the drums，and the performers wave red silk bands（挥舞红绸带）.People set off firecrackers（鞭炮）to welcome the dancers.（5）他们邀请表演者品尝自制食物。The sounds of songs，drums and firecrackers form an air of festivity in the village.
    Nowadays，yangge has spread into city parks，streets and squares，and it has developed into a kind of popular exercise for city people.
 
（1）　这是中国北方一种非常受欢迎的节日活动　；
（2）　Many/A lot of/Lots of people like yangge very much　；
（3）　他们甚至在春节前一个月就开始准备秧歌　；
（4）　他们通过在大街上扭秧歌，祝福人们新年快乐　；
（5）　They invite performers to taste/try homemade/self﹣made food.或They invite performers to taste/try the food made by themselves.或They invite performers to taste/try the food which/that is made by themselves.　
 
【考点】任务型阅读．
【分析】文章介绍了一种传统的中国民间舞蹈——秧歌。
【解答】（1）这是中国北方一种非常受欢迎的节日活动。英译汉。根据句式，题干表语"a very popular festival activity "译为"一种非常受欢迎的节日活动"；地点状语" in north China"译为"中国北方"。故答案是：这是中国北方一种非常受欢迎的节日活动。
（2）Many/A lot of/Lots of people like yangge very much.汉译英。根据句式，题干主语"很多人"可译为"many/a lot of/lots of people"；"非常喜欢"作谓语，即"like...very much"。故答案是：Many/A lot of/Lots of people like yangge very much.
（3）他们甚至在春节前一个月就开始准备秧歌。英译汉。根据句式，题干谓语是begin to do sth结构，表"开始做某事"，"begin to prepare yangge"译为"开始准备秧歌"；时间状语"a month before the Chinese New Year"译为"在春节前一个月"；副词even加强语气，译为"甚至"。故答案是：他们甚至在春节前一个月就开始准备秧歌。
（4）他们通过在大街上扭秧歌，祝福人们新年快乐。英译汉。根据句式，题干谓语是固定搭配wish sb sth，表"祝愿某人有某事物"，"wish people a happy New Year"译为"祝福人们新年快乐"；题干by doing sth结构作方式状语，表"通过做某事"，"by dancing yangge "译为"通过扭秧歌"。故答案是：他们通过在大街上扭秧歌，祝福人们新年快乐。
（5）They invite performers to taste/try homemade/self﹣made food.或They invite performers to taste/try the food made by themselves.或They invite performers to taste/try the food which/that is made by themselves.汉译英。根据句式，谓语"邀请某人做某事"应用invite sb to do sth结构，"邀请表演者品尝"译为"invite performers to taste/try"；"自制食物"可以有多种表达：homemade/self﹣made food（其中homemade和self﹣made是形容词作定语），the food made by themselves（其中made by themselves是V﹣ed过去分词短语作后置定语），the food which/that is made by themselves（其中which/that is made by themselves是定语从句）。故答案是：They invite performers to taste/try homemade/self﹣made food.或They invite performers to taste/try the food made by themselves.或They invite performers to taste/try the food which/that is made by themselves.
【点评】解答任务型阅读理解题目时，其题目类型较综合多样，在通读全文的基础上，根据各题要求反馈至原文相应处，仔细研读，方能正确作答。本篇主要侧重英译汉和汉译英题型，翻译时应结合句式结构、固定搭配、谓语动词的单复数形式等知识进行作答。
10．（2018•沈阳）Puberty（青春期） is the stage of life when young people leave childhood and head into adulthood．It is a difficult process（过程）for teenagers because it has an effect on both their minds and bodies．They need to understand what is going on with their bodies，how to deal with those changes and how to start taking responsibility（责任） for themselves．
    A young person may begin puberty at 8，while another may not start puberty（A） ____14 or 15．In general，girls start puberty two years before boys do．For both girls and boys，it is usually complete by the age of 18．
    During these years，the body develops in many ways． （B） 感受也会迅速地改变
    Teenage boys at this stage often begin to take unnecessary risks．Their focus is on having fun and being accepted by others． （C） They need to think before they act and make good decisions for themselves．
    A girl's personality often does not develop in the same way （D） _____a boy's．Teenage girls sometimes lose confidence in themselves．They are no longer （E）certain about their own feelings．Yet they are usually afraid to tell their parents or teachers about their problems．For this reason，teenage girls should be encouraged to（F） talk about things with trusted adults．
    Parents，schools and communities can do a lot to care for and help young people．It is everyone's responsibility to make sure that young people grow into healthy adults．
（1）在文中（A）和（D）的空白处填入适当的单词： 　until　； 　as　
（2）将文中画线部分（B）译成语 　Feeling can also change quickly．　
（3）文中画线部分（C）指代的是： 　Teenage boys　？
（4）写出文中画线部分（E）和（F）的同义词或近义词 　sure　； 　discuss　
（5）从文中找出青春期影响青少年两个方面的名词： 　minds　， 　bodies　
【考点】任务型阅读．
【分析】青春期是生活的一个阶段，这时年轻人告别童年而步入成年．这对青少年来说是一个困难的过程，因为它对身心都有影响．一个年轻人可能8岁开始青春期，然而其他人可能直到14，15岁才开始青春期，对于男孩和女孩来说，到18岁结束．下文具体向我们介绍了青春期男孩和女孩各自不同的表现等情况．
【解答】1．until；细节理解题；此处固定用法 ，直到…才，not  …until ，故答案是until．
as；细节理解题；此题考查固定表达，the  same  as 和..一样．故答案是as．
2．Feeling can also change quickly．汉译英题；一般现在时，Feeling感受；can情态动词，后面加动词原形；change quickly副词修饰动词；
3．Teenage boys；细节理解题；根据语境"Teenage boys at this stage often begin to take unnecessary risks．Their focus is on having fun and being accepted by others． （C） They need to think before they act and make good decisions for themselves．在这个阶段，十几岁的男孩往往开始承担不必要的风险．他们的重点是享受乐趣和被他人接受．他们需要在行动之前做出思考并为自己做出好的决定．可知they指的是Teenage boys．
4．sure；细节理解题；确定的certain，同义词是sure．
discuss；细节理解题；talk about ，谈论，讨论，同义词是discuss．
5．minds；bodies；细节理解题；根据语境 It is a difficult process（过程）for teenagers because it has an effect on both their minds and bodies．这对青少年来说是一个艰难的过程，因为它对他们的身心都有影响．可得出答案．
【点评】此题考查任务型阅读，在理解文章意思基础上，结合具体任务要求，仔细分析，便可得出正确答案．

考点卡片
1．任务型阅读
【考查能力介绍】
①任务型阅读理解题是介于阅读理解与书面表达之间的一种题型，所选文章题材内容贴近现代社会生活，涉及学生生活、富有时代气息．
②任务型阅读题型综合检测考生的阅读、理解、分析、判断、跨文化交际知识以及心理感悟能力等．考生对某一题的错误判断会影响其对其他题目作出正确的分析和判断，产生曼延作用．
③任务型阅读理解分为表格型和非表格型．其中非表格型阅读题目主要有：问答题；翻译题（英汉互译）；句式转换；用所给词的适当形式填空；判断正误题；补充句子；拟标题；改错；写近义词、同义词、反义词；选择题；排序题．但不论题型如何变化，只要准确把握文章信息，掌握一定的解题方法，都能得以解决．
【解题方法点拨】
完成任务型阅读的过程就是：阅读（信息输入）→判断、分析、概括、推理（信息加工与处理）→答题（信息输出）．具体解题方法如下：
①在读文章之前，先看一下文章后面的题目及要求，这样在阅读文章时就会有针对性；
②在读文章过程中，要兼顾文章主旨的归纳和细节信息的收集；
③在读文章后，核对各条题目，将信息进行梳理，根据要求（表格类阅读题往往限制没空词数）处理信息，正确表达．
④答题时还要注意： A．尽量简略回答；B．句子开头首字母要大写，标点符号要规范，单词拼写要正确无误，书写要认真；C．要对照题目，根据需要对句子的人称、时态、单复数、主谓搭配等方面进行核对．
解题步骤（以题目为例）
任务型阅读．阅读短文，根据其内容，完成下列任务．
One morning it took me an hour to watch a small ant carry a huge feather（羽毛）across my
back hall．Several times it met objects on its way and after a short time it would go around them．
At one point the ant had to deal①a crack（裂缝 ）about 10 mm wide．After a short time of thought，the ant put the feather over the crack，②it and picked it up on the other side，then continued on its way．
I was attracted by the cleverness of this ant，one of God's smallest creatures．It was an example of the wonder of creation．Here was an insect，tiny，yet given a brain（大脑）to think，discover and beat difficulties．But this ant，just like people，also shares human weaknesses（弱点）．
After some time the ant finally reached its home﹣﹣a flower bed at the end of the hall and a small hole that was the entrance to its underground home．And it was here that the ant finally faced the problem．How could that large feather be possibly pulled into the small hole？
Of course it couldn't．So the ant，after all this trouble and using much creativity，beating difficulties all along the way，just left the feather behind and went home．
The ant had not thought the problem through before it began its brave journey and in the end the feather was nothing more than a heavy weight．
Isn't our life like that？
任务一：请根据短文内容，分别写出①、②处所缺的单词．（每空限填一词）
1．①    ②    
任务二：请把上文中画线的句子翻译成汉语．
2．                                                 
任务三：请根据短文内容，补全下面的句子．（每空限填一词）
3．（A） At the entrance to the ant's home it found the feather was too      for the small hole．
（B） According to the writer's opinion，the small ant is clever，brave and     ，but also has its own weaknesses．
任务四：请根据短文内容回答下列问题．
4．Did the writer show a great interest in the ant at first？
5．What does the writer mainly want to tell us？
Before we do anything，we should                            ．
任务一是补充句子题，①考查固定搭配，②考查动词及其语法，都是词汇的惯用法，需要在读完全文的基础上，深入理解文章信息，推出正确的词语填入空缺处，也需要考生平时积累．
任务二是句子翻译题．这类题往往可以脱离文章直接做，做完后套入文章语境看是否翻译正确．
任务三是同义转化题，答题时要做到：弄清转换部分与原句的对应部分，对原句加以分析；根据所给的空格，把原句与要改写的句子联系起来；注意检查所用的表达方式、时态、语态、词汇、结构等是否符合题目要求．
任务四属于问答题，考查考生信息归纳能力．题目5考查作者态度，作者的态度和立场一般分支持、中立、反对三类，答题时要：寻找文中带有感情色彩的词来判断识别作者的态度；根据作者提供的例证推断其暗示的态度、观点；根据与问题相关的细节做出判断；通读全篇文章，把握文章的主旨后，才能做出正确的回答．题目6是内容归纳题，做题可以：从文章中找出能概括文章中心思想的主题句；注意文章的标题，开头和结尾；用自己的语言归纳概括；注意结合文中主题词所在的一些相关句子，整合出主题句；．注意归纳要概括性强，谨防以偏概全．
【中考命题方向】
中考中任务型阅读多为说明文和记叙文．其题型设置多样化，各地考试中所设题型各不相同，设计比较灵活，答案往往不一，允许考生自主发挥，加强了对学生语言综合运用能力的考查．但其考查难度也在增大，考生在复习时要有针对性地进行练习．
2．阅读填空
【考查能力介绍】
①阅读填空题型的基本要求为：认真阅读短文，并根据所读内容在文章后的表格中的空格中填入一个适当的单词．图表呈现形式有表格状、树状图表和蛛网状图表，最常见的是表格状．
②阅读填空题属于综合能力考查题，强调主观表述，填表时可能需要使用原词、变形转换或总结概括．主要考查考生阅读信息材料、收集整理直接或间接信息以及科学表述信息的能力．
【解题方法点拨】
①做此类题首先要审读表格，熟悉结构；
②在熟悉表格的基础上浏览全文，了解大意；
③根据表格的格式和留空位置在文中检索信息，用准确的词语进行表达．
④对于概括性较强的试题，要在做完细节题之后，根据文中信息，判定概括词．如：根据how判断用ways， tips， methods，solutions， etc．；根据why， because， result in， lead to， be caused by等判断用reasons， causes；根据in short， all in all判断用summary；根据refer to， be， be called判断用definition；根据therefore， thus， so， as a result判断用result， conclusion；根据find， discover判断用findings．
⑤填写完毕后要通读全文，对所填内容进行验证，综合考虑所填信息是否与文中上下内容一致．
解题步骤（以题目为例）
Good communication skills are key to success in life， work and relationships． Without effective（有效的） communication， a message can turn into error（错误）， misunderstanding， or even disaster．
Communication is the process by which we exchange information between people． To communicate well is to understand and to be understood． Communication can be successful only when both the sender and the receiver understand the same information．
In today's highly informational and technological environment， it has become more important to have good communication skills． Here are some important steps to communicate effectively．
    Know what you want to say and why． Understand clearly the purpose of your message． Know to whom you are communicating and why．
How will you say it？ We all know that it's not always what you say， but how you say it， that matters． Begin by making every contact． You show trust and confidence when you look at others in the eyes when you speak． Second， pay attention to your body language， since it can say so much more than your words． By standing with your arms easily at your side， you tell others that you are open to hearing what they have to say．
Communication is a two﹣way street． After you have said what you have to say， stop and listen． Practise your listening skills． Be considerate of others are talking， listen carefully and never cut them off．
The（1）    of communication
Communication is the process by which we exchange information
（2）     people．
Some（3）    　for paying attention to communication skills．
●key to success in life， work and relationships
●（4）     to understand each other
●being of much （5）     at present as a result of the highly information and technological environment
Some（6）     to have an effective communication．
●Have a （7）     understanding of what your purposes， listeners and reasons are．
●Know（8）     you say it because it is sometimes more important than what you say， such as showing trust and confidence， paying attention to your body language， and（9）     open to hearing what others have to say．
●Stop to listen after you have（10）     your talk．
【考点】P6：阅读填空
【分析】文章叙述了交流沟通过的重要性，以及有效沟通的技巧方法，交流是双向的，不只是说，倾听也很重要．
【解答】1．meaning；考查名词；根据表格后面内容 Communication is the process by which we exchange information between people，沟通是我们在人与人之间交换信息的过程．可知是解释Communication 的意思，故填meaning．
2．between；考查介词；根据第二段第一句 Communication is the process by which we exchange information between people 可知，沟通是我们彼此之间交换信息的过程．故正确答案为"between"．
3．reasons；考查名词；根据表格中列举三个要点可知，这三个要点都是介绍了为什么要注意沟通技巧．这是要注意沟通技巧的3个原因．故正确答案为"reasons"．
4．helping；考查动词；根据语境To communicate well is to understand and to be understood沟通良好是为了理解和理解，所以良好的沟通技巧可以帮助彼此更好地理解．此处根据下一行being开头，故此处也应该用动名词形式来表示，故答案是helping．
5．importance；考查名词；根据第三段第一句 In today's highly informational and technological environment， it has become more important to have good communication skills 可知，在如今这个高信息量和科技高度发展的时代，知道沟通技巧非常重要．be important 可以理解为be of  importance ，因为of为介词，后面加名词作宾语，故正确答案为"importance"．
6．steps；考查名词；根据语境 Here are some important steps to communicate effectively．以下是一些有效沟通的重要步骤．故此处填steps．
7．clear/ good；考查形容词；根据第四段第二句 Understand clearly the purpose of your message 可知，需要清楚地了解信息的目的．故正确答案为"clear/good"．原文中是副词clearly修饰动词Understand，此题Understand是名词，故用形容词修饰，故答案是clear，或good．
8．how；考查副词；根据语境How will you say it？ We all know that it's not always what you say， but how you say it ， that matters你怎么说？我们都知道，不总是你说的话，而是你怎么说这些话．故此处填how．
9．being；考查动词；根据语境you tell others that you are open to hearing what they have to say你告诉别人你愿意听到他们说的话，此处做as的宾语，故用动词ing形式，you are open 转换成being open．故填being．
10．finished/ completed；考查动词；根据最后一段第二句 After you have said what you have to say， stop and listen 可知，在你说完你想说的之后，要停下来听别人说．这里需要动词表示"完成，结束"．根据空前的have，可知用现在完成时态，结构have+动词过去分词，故正确答案为"finished/completed"．
【点评】此题考查阅读填空，在理解文章意思的基础上，结合具体题目，仔细分析，便可得出正确答案．
【解题技巧】
在做阅读判断题时会涉内容归纳，主要是标题归纳题和段落归纳题．
①对于标题归纳题，解题时要注意：A．根据"文章主旨句大多出现在三个位置：文章首段，一段末或二段首，文章末段"的特点，可有意识地从上述三个位置找到文章主题句，再加以准确概括，确定语篇标题；B．文中出现的高频率词或词组，往往就是标题．
②对于段落归纳题，解题时要注意：段落归纳概括题常位于表格的左栏，能最大限度覆盖相应行、列或单元格的全部信息，常为名词、名词词组或动（名）词词组．
③答题时要注意字母的大小写、名词的单复数、词性转换、结构转换和句型转换等问题，与表格其它信息的表达方式保持一致．
【中考命题方向】
阅读填空题是中考的常考题型，因其考查范围广，考查方式新颖，能全面地考查学生的读写能力，在中考中长期占有一席之地，需要平时有针对性地进行练习．