2022年中考英语二轮题型中考真题专练之任务型阅读（含答案解析）

这是一份2022年中考英语二轮题型中考真题专练之任务型阅读（含答案解析），共53页。
2022年中考英语二轮复习之任务型阅读
一．试题（共20小题）
1．（2021•营口）阅读下面短文，将短文中画线部分的句子翻译成中文。
World Environment Day （WED） falls on June 5 each year.It focuses on improving the environment all over the world. （1）WED is created to get people's attention to the environment.Also，people are encouraged to express their thoughts about the environment.People are asked to change attitudes （态度） towards environmental problems.（2）All nations and people can enjoy a safer and more beautiful future by working together.
With the development of China，our government is more and more enthusiastic （热衷的） about protecting the environment. （3）The forest of China has already become the first place in the world，about 2 hundred million hectares （公顷）.Our lives are greener and greener.

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2．（2021•阜新）阅读下面短文，将短文中画线部分的句子翻译成中文。
Some inventions are very important.They make our life easy.Some inventions are just fun.Life is much more interesting with these inventions.
☆A flower singing pleasant （令人愉快的） songs
A company in Japan invented a kind of singing flower.You can listen to music that comes through real flowers. （1）Customers in restaurants can not only smell the beautiful roses，but also listen to pleasant music while eating.People in the dentist's office can look at pretty lilies （百合花） and listen to Strauss while having their teeth examined!
☆A cup keeping the temperature
Drinking hot coffee may cause burns sometimes.Luckily，a company has invented a kind of cup that can keep water from being too hot or too cold.This cup can allow you to choose your comfortable temperature.（2）You can even connect it to your phone to know about the temperature.It's really amazing.
Do you have your own ideas about inventions now？

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3．（2021•株洲）根据上下文将文中画线部分译成汉语或者英语。
The Internet and your friends influence your beauty standards. （1） 你的朋友总是在网上发照片。They want to show off their beautiful dresses or strong bodies，and you will compare yourself to them.
First of all，not to follow popular beauty standards blindly.They are out of reach for 99% of us，so it's better to just forget about them.
（2） Another suggestion is to tell yourself that you are special. Talk about your feelings with someone you trust.Hearing how much they value you can help you feel comfortable in your own skin. （3）每个人都了不起。Everyone has their own talents.
Finally，it is a good idea to try to direct your attention away from bad thoughts.To achieve this，you should do something you enjoy.You can enjoy yourselves by learning. （4） This is a lifelong journey because every day brings something new. You can also take part in social activities，like playing sports with your friends.These things can help you take your mind off matters that worry you and make you feel good about yourself.
You may often judge yourself by what is on the outside，not on the inside.However，like a book，your contents are much more important than your cover. （5） Don't judge a book by its cover. If you can learn to see the good things about yourself，you will soon begin to love yourself just the way you are.

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4．（2021•铁岭）阅读下面的短文，将短文中画线部分的句子译成中文。
China has a long history of making lanterns.And lanterns are necessary decorations （装饰品） during important festivals such as the Chinese New Year.They are beautiful and create an air of festivity.Today，I want to tell you a kind of plant.（1）This kind of plant is very similar to lanterns.
The plant is Winter Cherry （樱桃）.Chinese people also call it the Chinese Lantern plant.Its papery orange﹣red flowers look like little lanterns.It grows mainly in central and southern Europe，Iran，China，and Southeast Asia.The plant is not only beautiful but also useful.Its fruit and leaves can be used to make medicine. （2）Because of this，it is loved by many people. Will you pick it when you see it next time？

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5．（2021•邵阳）阅读下面短文，将文中画线的句子译成汉语或英语。
Colourful fruits and vegetables are good for your health.（1）Their natural colors help protect your body from illness.Think about the colors of the food such as the red of the tomatoes，the orange of carrots，the green of kiwi fruit and the purple of grapes.
You can enjoy eating fruits and vegetables of many colors，They are red，yellow，green，orange，blue and purple.（2）每种颜色都有一些特殊意义。 They work together to protect your body.
（3）Scientists have discovered the secrets of colourful fruits and vegetables.The list below shows their different benefits.
Yellow and orange can make your immune（免疫的）system strong.（4）他们对你的健康也是有益的。 Green is also helpful to protect your eyes.Besides，it is good for your bones and teeth.
（5）Blue and purple can help you have a good memory.They also can fight heart illness.When you buy or eat fruits and vegetables next time，you can try more colourful ones.

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6．（2021•常德）阅读短文，将文中划线部分译成汉语或英语。
Friday is here and most of us enjoy what the weekend brings. （1）Maybe you will spend some time on your hobby. （2）没有爱好就没有真正的快乐。Hobbies help our happiness.They give us purpose，meaning，a creative outlet，and they can even relieve stress.
One of my blog entries，from May of 2016，tells us how hobbies can help us identify some of our passions and that in turn can give us interesting content to include in a life story or memoir.
（3）Certainly things like playing cards or other games，especially at family gatherings can lead to some good memory.Or what about a day on the lake or the golf course？
（4）You can get geography and history lessons from collecting stamps or coins from around the world.
One of the things I enjoy is playing the guitar.It's a hobby I am not nearly good enough for pubic performances.（5）但是我喜欢边弹吉他边唱歌，以此来放松自己。 Get me around a few friends，family members or even a classroom full of students and I might break into a song.I was doing that today with my 5th graders.
If you want to start a new hobby or even search for new ideas，then check out A Full Guide On How To Start A New Hobby.It's posted on the Sewing Is Awesome.com website.Some of the take aways for me from the article included how hobbies can introduce us to new people，widen or knowledge and skills，and improve our confidence and self﹣esteem.Win，win and win.

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7．（2021•湘潭）请根据上下文内容，将文中划线部分译成汉语或者英语。
Last month we asked our students about their free time activities.Our questions were about exercise，use of the Internet and watching TV.Here are the results.
We found that only fifteen percent of our students exercise everyday.Forty﹣five percent exercise four to six times a week.Twenty percent exercise only one to three times a week.（1）百分之二十的同学一点也不锻炼。 We all know that my students often go online，（2）but we were surprised that ninety percent of them use the Internet everyday.The other ten percent use it at least three or four times a week.Most students use it for fun and not for homework.
The answers to our questions about watching television were also interesting.Only two percent of the students watch TV one to three times a week.Thirteen percent watch TV four to six times a week.And eighty﹣five percent watch TV every day!（3）Although many students like to watch sports，game shows are the most popular. It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows，but we think the best way to relax is through exercise.（4）它有益于身心健康。Exercise such as playing sport is fun，and you can spend time with your friends and family as you play together.And remember，"old habits die hard".（5）So start exercising before it's too late!
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8．（2021•沈阳）Jason is interested in China．He has found some information about Chinese culture．
The abacus
The abacus was perhaps the earliest type of computer．People （A） started using it more than 4，000 years ago to do maths．It was used in ancient China，Rome，Egypt and Greece．Today （B） 一些人仍然使用它。
Kungfu
"Kungfu" is the popular name given to Chinese martial arts in the West．It refers to a number of different types of fighting that have developed （C） more than hundreds of years in China．These different styles are often called "schools"．One of the most famous schools is the Shaolin School．It comes （D） the Shaolin Temple at Songshan in Henan Province．
TCM
Today when people in the West need medical help，they often choose （E） "new" kind of medicine that is actually quite old．They choose traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）．
TCM uses many different kinds of treatments．Herbal medicines are used，for example，to help bring balance to people． （F） Many of the treatments used in TCM have helped people for thousands of years．People can use Chinese medicine for almost any sickness they have．

（1）写出文中画线部分 （A） 和 （C） 的同义词或近义词： ；
（2）将文中画线部分 （B） 译成英语：
（3）在文中 （D） 和 （E） 的空白处填入适当的单词： ；
（4）将文中画线部分 （F） 改写为：Many of the treatments used in TCM have helped people thousands of years ．
（5）从文中找出两个与中国文化相关的名词： ；
9．（2021•兰州）My dad is very interested in history and the Silk Road attracts him.He told me that the Silk Road had been a bridge between East and West for more than 2，000 years.①it from，was，kilometers，Xi'an，6500，to，Rome（.） It played an important role in the development of the world.
My family went to some famous places along the road for a holiday last summer.We started from Lanzhou to Wuwei.In ancient times，Wuwei was also a capital.Although it's now a modern city，you can still get a strong feeling of history here.②People are proud of its history.
The next stop was Jiayuguan，an important city on the edge of the desert.It was a busy place with a lot of business people coming and going.The western end of Ming Great Wall was built here.Even today，it's a city that many people travel through.Along the road，we also visited Yumenguan，which reminded me of the famous poem written by Wang Zhihuan.
Finally，we arrived in Dunhuang.It is a city with a long history and colorful culture.Ancient people created fantastic artworks，such as Mogao Grottoes.It was influenced by many different cultures over time.It was also the center of trade between China and its western neighbors.Today，millions of tourists around the world come here every year.
The trip helped me know about the history and culture of the special road.Besides，I can better understand how people from different places influenced each other.

（1）请将文中①处划线部分连词成句（标点符号已在括号内给出）。

（2）请将文中②处划线的句子翻译成汉语。

（3）根据文章内容，请在横线上填入适当的词（每空限填一词）。
Ancient people built the of Ming Great Wall in Jiayuguan.
（4）根据文章内容，请在下面的横线上填入适当的地名，补全作者的旅行路线。
Lanzhou →Wuwei →Jiayuguan→ →Dunhuang
（5）After reading the passage，would you like to advise your friends to travel along the Silk Road？
Why or why not？ （List one reason）




10．（2021•娄底）阅读下面的短文，按要求完成后面各个小题。
One afternoon a student was taking a walk with his teacher.As they went along，they saw a pair of old shoes lying in the path.They belonged to a farmer，who was working in the nearby field.
The student said， （4）"Let's hide his shoes and wait to see what he will do."
"We should never make fun of the poor!" answered the teacher， "Why not put a coin in each shoe，and then we will hide ourselves and watch？" The student did so and they both hid themselves behind the trees.When the poor man finished his work，he came to the path where he had left his shoes.
（5）他把他的脚放进了其中的一只鞋子里。To his surprise，he found a coin in it，so he looked at the coin again and again.He then looked around，but no person could be seen.He put the money into his pocket and continued to put on the other shoe.His surprise was doubled on finding the other coin.He couldn't control his feelings.He fell to his knees，looked up to the sky and expressed his thanks.He said the coins would help his poor family and save his hungry children.
The student stood there deeply moved.The teacher said， "Are you feeling much happier than hiding the shoes？"

根据短文内容用简要答语回答下面三个问题。
（1）Whom did the old shoes belong to？
（2）How many coins did the farmer in the story find？
（3）How did the farmer feel after he got the help？
将短文中划线的两个句子翻译成中文或英文。
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11．（2021•海拉尔区模拟）Xi'an celebrated the first﹣ever China Hanfu Day on April 18.（A） ________ There were shows which were held by people wearing traditional Chinese clothing﹣Hanfu.Hanfu fans from all over China gathered there to take photos and put them online for a Hanfu photo competition which （①）________（持续） until May 18.
China Hanfu Day is on the third day of the third month of the Chinese lunar calendar，which is said to be the birthday of the Yellow Emperor.In ancient China，this day was also called Shangsi Festival（上巳节）. （B） ________.
Hanfu is the traditional clothing of the Han people who lived in China before the Qing Dynasty.It has a history of about 3，000 years. （C） ________ And it has changed greatly so far.However，some of its main characteristics remain.For example，there are two parts that overlap（交叠） on the front，which is called "jiaoling".Another main characteristic of Hanfu is that it usually uses ribbons（系带） instead of buttons（纽扣）.
China is becoming a （②）________（lead） country in the world，so the Chinese people feel more confident about Chinese traditional culture than ever before. （D）_________
根据短文完成下列各项任务。
任务一
（1）A Hanfu has two parts that overlap on the front，which is called "jiaoling".Picture gives the best description.

（2）将"Its purpose is to encourage young Chinese to take pride in traditional clothing. "一句填写到
文中ABCD四处横线中最恰当的位置。
（3）段落三中划线部分单词的汉义是 。
A.面料
B.体系
C.配饰
D.特点
任务二
（4）根据①处括号内所给汉语在横线填入一词。
（5）用②处括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
12．（2021•青岛模拟）Taking away a city's rubbish is a big job.Every day trucks come into a city to ① it.Most rubbish is made up of things we can't eat or use.If we kept these things we would soon have a mountain of rubbish.
In some cities the rubbish is collected and taken outside of city to a dump（垃圾场）.Often the city dump is placed where the ground is low or there is a big hole.The kitchen rubbish is broken into small pieces and sent into the sewage system.The sewage system takes away the used water from toilets，bathtubs and other places.
To keep mice and flies away，some earth is used to cover the newly dumped rubbish.Later，grass may be planted on the rubbish﹣filled land.Finally，a house or a school may be built there，and then you'd never know that this had once been an old rubbish dump.
In other cities the rubbish is burnt in special places.The fire burns everything but the metal.Sometimes the metal can be used again in factories where things are made of metal.The food parts of rubbish are put in special piles where they slowly change into something called humus（腐殖物），which looks like black earth.It is rich with the kinds of things that feed plants and help them grow.
任务（一）选择：
（1）适当的词语填在①处：
A.send
B.clean up
C.collect
D.buy
（2）划线部分的中文意思：
A.排污
B.染色
C.洗涤
D.吸尘
（3）从文中找出与Rubbish would be a mountain if we we didn't take it away.意思相同或相近的句子。
（4）写出划线部分的同义词：
（5）按动作发生的前后顺序排列（只写字母代号）：
1） 2） 3）
A.Cover the dumped rubbish
B.Build a house here
C.Plant the grass on the land
（6）回答问题：
Where can we find a city dump？
13．（2021•长沙模拟）阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
Long ago in China， a young farmer bought a female horse. He spent many hours caring for her. The young farmer was counting on （指望） having many young horses to sell. One day， however， the horse ran away. The young farmer's friends tried to cheer him up， but he was too sad because his family couldn't afford to buy another new horse. The farmer's father continued to smile.（1） Finally， the young farmer couldn't stand his father's smile any longer. He asked， "What are you so happy about？" His father told him calmly， "It is sad to lose a horse， but you never know what good things might happen because of this. We should wait and see."
A few months later， the horse returned and it brought a strong male horse with it. His friends offered him congratulations （祝贺） on his good luck. And the father watched this， looking worried， and told everyone， "Having two horses does seem lucky. （2）但是我不禁担心会有不好的事情发生。We must wait and see."
Then one day the farmer fell off the horse. （3） 他的家人带他到医院并办理入院手续。After examining， the doctor told him that his leg was broken and that he would not be able to work for many weeks. All of the farmer's friends and family were upset except the farmer's father. He said， "Yes， it does look bad（4） But please calm down， and we should wait and see what good things may happen as a result of this."
Only several days later， the towns near the farm were attacked by armies. All the strong young men were asked to make an army to protect their land. Many young men died in the fighting while the young farmer was luckily alive.
The young farmer learned a good lesson from his wait﹣and﹣see father.（5） He learned that both good and bad luck will catch up with you.
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14．（2021•长沙一模）阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
Buying second﹣hand objects is becoming more popular these days.One million people are selling over2 million second﹣hand objects，such as clothing，books，cellphones and so on on Xianyu every day，Xinhua reported.
According to a speech given by Wei Ying，the founder of the second﹣hand book﹣trading website Déjàvu，people make more money nowadays，and buy more things than before.（1）当他们不再需要某些物品时，他们就在网站上把它们卖出。And at the same time，shoppers benefit a lot by shopping on such websites.
When Chen Junjun，22，a college student in Shanghai，wants to buy books，she uses Déjàvu. （2）She searches for the books she wants and adds them to her shopping basket，just like on any other shopping website.The difference is that the books are much cheaper ﹣ as much as 70 percent cheaper than new books.（3）Since I don't have enough pocket money，it's a perfect choice for me."Chen said.
（4）Besides lower prices，it can also meet people's special needs.For example，Yan Minjun，21，is a picky reader.She has bought many classic versions （版本）of books on Déjàvu，such as a copy of Pride and Prejudice that was published by People's Literature Publishing House in 1993. "I looked for it for a long time.Thanks to Déjà vu，now I have it!"she said with pleasure.
（5）买二手物品甚至能带给买家惊喜。Zhao Kaiqi，a 22﹣year﹣old college student in Harbin，once found a note in a second﹣hand book she bought. "Its owner shared her thoughts and hoped I would enjoy it.It was so heart﹣warming，" Zhao said."I want to do the same thing in the future，too."

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15．（2021•丹东一模）阅读下面短文，将短文中划线部分的句子翻译成中文。
Our memories and our senses are closely connected. （1）A taste or smell can suddenly remind you of something which happened years ago. Our senses are also honest，and will warn us if necessary.If something smells or tastes bad you can expect it will be bad for your health. （2）Bad smells are nature's way of telling you to stay away from something. Of course，it is possible to develop a taste for something that smells bad，and everyone's tastes are different.

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16．（2021•天水模拟）阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容和情景，把文章中的画线句子（英语或汉语）翻译成汉语或英语。
（1）Using chopsticks and spoons to share food is a big part of Chinese culture. （2）几千年以前中国人就开始使用它们。People usually used their own chopsticks and spoons to share food with others.They thought it was a way to show love.But now，（3）因为新冠病毒（COVID﹣19）这种饮食习惯可能是危险的。 People with the virus may infect（传染）others.
（4）So more and more restaurants begin to offer serving chopsticks and spoons now.Such chopsticks and spoons are used when people want to fill their plate or bowl.They are not put in anyone's mouth.And they are popular at home，too.Some people once started an activity called "Use Serving Chopsticks with People You Like".（5）It is telling people that the use of serving chopsticks shows love，not rudeness（无礼）.

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17．（2021•长沙模拟）阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
There is a Chinese saying "千里送鹅毛，礼轻情意重".The saying comes from a historic book called Lu Shi （《路史》）.According to the story，a Tang Dynasty official in Yunnan wanted to show his respect （尊敬）to the emperor （皇帝）.He sent a man named Mian Bogao to bring some gifts to the emperor. （1）. One of the gifts was a beautiful swan，which was a very valuable gift at the time.
Mian took good care of the swan on his way to the emperor.One day，he passed by a lake and wanted to let the swan drink some water.（2）But as soon as he set the swan free，the swan flew away，leaving only some feathers on the ground. Mian was very worried，but he didn't try to run away. （3）他决定告诉皇帝发生了什么。He picked up a feather and kept going on his trip.
When Mian met the emperor，he told him what happened and said，（4）This swan feather is light，but it carries my deep respect for you. The emperor was happy with Mian's honesty and sincerity （真诚）.He forgave （原谅）Mian.（5）人们现在用这个说法来表明好的礼物不一定要很贵。What matters is the sincerity it carries.

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18．（2021•长沙模拟）阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
For the Chinese people，the most important festival is the Spring Festival.（1）It is when all family members get together，just like Christmas in the West.
Strictly speaking，every year the Spring Festival starts in the early days of the 12th lunar （农历） month and will last till the middle in the first lunar month of the next year.Of them，the most important days are Spring Festival Eve and the first three days（2）大多数人会有一个星期的假期。This time is also known as golden week.
On Chinese New Year's Eve，the whole family must sit at the table to eat the New Year's Supper together.This special supper is called "family reunion dinner".People often prepare some special dishes to express family wishes for the New Year.（3）The New Year's Cake，in Chinese we say nian gao，is very common in Southern China. It is made of sticky rice.In Chinese，nian gao sounds like "getting higher year by year".In Chinese people's mind，the higher you are，the more successful your business is.Jiaozi，which is also called "Stuffed Dumplings"，is a very common dish for Northern Chinese at the New Year's Supper.It is believed that，during New Year celebration，（4）饺子吃得越多，在新的一年里就能赚更多的钱。
"The Spring Couplet （对联）" is a special form of literature in China.Spring Festival couplets are norma put up on both sides of the doorway.Whether the family is rich or poor，educated or unschooledly（5）everyone must put up the Spring Couplet to express the hopes for the coming New Year. There are certain strict rules to mirror the words.For example，if there is a character on the left﹣hand side that saying，sky，for example，there should be one on the right﹣hand side saying ground.And if there is rain，there is wind.

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19．（2021•长沙模拟）阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
When you think of the Arctic （北极），you imagine an icy land of pure white snow.Others imagine it as the last really clean place left on the earth.（1）We have polluted the deepest oceans with plastic rubbish. German scientists have recently found microplastics （微型塑料） in Arctic snow.Microplastics are pieces of plastic smaller than 5 millimeters.How is plastic pollution reaching the Arctic？According to scientists， "（2）很明显，绝大部分雪中的微型塑料来自空气。"They fall off the plastic objects and are moved by the wind，just like dust.They mix with ice in the air and fall to the ground as snow.Finding these plastics in Arctic snow means that we may breathe them in.
Are they bad for us？We do know that our bodies cannot take in "large" pieces of microplastics.However，if the plastics are small enough，（3）they can find ways into our bodies and stay there for a long time，which can be bad for our health.
（4）在世界各地的河流和海洋中也发现了微型塑料。Earlier research has found that they flow over long distances and into our oceans，hurting ecosystems along the way.They start in our wastewater，then flow into rivers and out to the sea，where they are eaten by sea animals.（5）If people then eat these animals，it means that we're eating the plastic as well.
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20．（2021•长沙模拟）Wang Xizhi was the greatest master of calligraphy （书法） in Chinese history.At the age of 7，Wang Xizhi learned the art of calligraphy from Wei Shuo，a famous woman calligrapher.To everyone's surprise，the well﹣known calligrapher was never satisfied with his calligraphy. （1） He always inspired himself with many calligraphers' stories and experiences. And he was perfectly diligent （勤勉的）in practicing calligraphy.
Wang Xizhi is especially remembered for one of his hobbies﹣﹣ raising geese （鹅）.He always got inspiration from the graceful neck movements of geese for his writing. （2）关于王羲之这个特殊爱好，有一个广为流传的故事。
One day， （3）王羲之正和他儿子一起坐船游览一个美丽的村庄。（4）He suddenly noticed a group of geese swimming around on the river. He loved geese very much and wanted to buy all of them.（5）These geese were raised by a Taoist （道 士） who was interested in Wang Xizhi's calligraphy. So he said，" If you could write Huangtingjing （《黄庭经》）for me，I will give all of these geese to you." Wang Xizhi was looking forward to getting these geese，so he agreed at once.He spent half a day writing out Huangtingiing，and then returned home with those geese happily.This is the famous story ﹣creating calligraphy works for geese.

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2022年中考英语二轮复习之任务型阅读
参考答案与试题解析
一．试题（共20小题）
1．（2021•营口）阅读下面短文，将短文中画线部分的句子翻译成中文。
World Environment Day （WED） falls on June 5 each year.It focuses on improving the environment all over the world. （1）WED is created to get people's attention to the environment.Also，people are encouraged to express their thoughts about the environment.People are asked to change attitudes （态度） towards environmental problems.（2）All nations and people can enjoy a safer and more beautiful future by working together.
With the development of China，our government is more and more enthusiastic （热衷的） about protecting the environment. （3）The forest of China has already become the first place in the world，about 2 hundred million hectares （公顷）.Our lives are greener and greener.

（1） 创造WED是为了引起人们对环境的关注 。
（2） 只要各国人民携手努力，就一定能够享有一个更加安全、更加美好的未来 。
（3） 中国的森林已经成为世界第一，约2亿公顷 。
【考点】任务型阅读．
【分析】本文主要介绍了每年的6月5日是世界环境日，致力于改善世界各地的环境。
【解答】英译汉。
（1）创造WED是为了引起人们对环境的关注。is created"被创造"，to get people's attention"为了引起人们的关注"，to the environment"对于环境的"，故填：创造WED是为了引起人们对环境的关注。
（2）只要各国人民携手努力，就一定能够拥有一个更加安全、更加美好的未来。All nations and people"各国人民"，can enjoy a safer and more beautiful future"可以享有一个更安全、更美好的未来"，by working together"通过协作（共同努力）"，故填：只要各国人民携手努力，就一定能够享有一个更加安全、更加美好的未来。
（3）中国的森林已经成为世界第一，约2亿公顷。The forest of China"中国的森林"，has already become"已经变成"，the first place in the world"世界第一"，about 2 hundred million hectares "大约两亿公顷"。故填：中国的森林已经成为世界第一，约2亿公顷。
【点评】英译汉题需要根据句意及汉英语言各自的语法习惯来翻译。
2．（2021•阜新）阅读下面短文，将短文中画线部分的句子翻译成中文。
Some inventions are very important.They make our life easy.Some inventions are just fun.Life is much more interesting with these inventions.
☆A flower singing pleasant （令人愉快的） songs
A company in Japan invented a kind of singing flower.You can listen to music that comes through real flowers. （1）Customers in restaurants can not only smell the beautiful roses，but also listen to pleasant music while eating.People in the dentist's office can look at pretty lilies （百合花） and listen to Strauss while having their teeth examined!
☆A cup keeping the temperature
Drinking hot coffee may cause burns sometimes.Luckily，a company has invented a kind of cup that can keep water from being too hot or too cold.This cup can allow you to choose your comfortable temperature.（2）You can even connect it to your phone to know about the temperature.It's really amazing.
Do you have your own ideas about inventions now？

（1） 饭店里的顾客不仅能闻到美丽的玫瑰花香，而且在吃饭时也能听到美妙的音乐。
（2） 你甚至可以把它连接到你的手机上以便了解温度。
【考点】任务型阅读．
【分析】本文主要介绍了一些有趣和重要的发明。
【解答】英译汉。
（1）饭店里的顾客不仅能闻到美丽的玫瑰花香，而且在吃饭时也能听到美妙的音乐。Customers in restaurants 餐馆里的顾客；not only ...but also.....不但......而且...；smell the beautiful roses.闻到美丽的玫瑰花的香味；listen to pleasant music听到美妙的音乐；while eating在吃饭时。故答案为：饭店里的顾客不仅能闻到美丽的玫瑰花香，而且在吃饭时也能听到美妙的音乐。
（2）你甚至可以把它连接到你的手机上以便了解温度。even甚至；connect ....to.....把...和...连接起来；your phone你的电话；know about the temperature.了解温度。故答案为：你甚至可以把它连接到你的手机上以便了解温度。
【点评】做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
3．（2021•株洲）根据上下文将文中画线部分译成汉语或者英语。
The Internet and your friends influence your beauty standards. （1） 你的朋友总是在网上发照片。They want to show off their beautiful dresses or strong bodies，and you will compare yourself to them.
First of all，not to follow popular beauty standards blindly.They are out of reach for 99% of us，so it's better to just forget about them.
（2） Another suggestion is to tell yourself that you are special. Talk about your feelings with someone you trust.Hearing how much they value you can help you feel comfortable in your own skin. （3）每个人都了不起。Everyone has their own talents.
Finally，it is a good idea to try to direct your attention away from bad thoughts.To achieve this，you should do something you enjoy.You can enjoy yourselves by learning. （4） This is a lifelong journey because every day brings something new. You can also take part in social activities，like playing sports with your friends.These things can help you take your mind off matters that worry you and make you feel good about yourself.
You may often judge yourself by what is on the outside，not on the inside.However，like a book，your contents are much more important than your cover. （5） Don't judge a book by its cover. If you can learn to see the good things about yourself，you will soon begin to love yourself just the way you are.

（1） Your friends always post photos online.
（2） 另一个建议是告诉你自己你很特别。
（3） Everyone is excellent.
（4） 这是一个终生的旅途，因为每天都会带来新的东西。
（5） 不要通过封面来评判一本书。/不要以貌取人。
【考点】任务型阅读．
【分析】当你的朋友在网上发照片展示他们时，你会和他们比较吗？文章告诉我们如何不盲从他人的审美标准，做最好的自己。
【解答】（1）Your friends always post photos online.汉译英。分析句式，题干是一个简单句；谓语"发照片"译为"post photos"；"在网上"是副词，译为"online"。故答案是：Your friends always post photos online.
（2）另一个建议是告诉你自己你很特别。英译汉。分析句式，题干表语to tell yourself后是that引导的宾语从句；" Another suggestion "译为"另一个建议"；"to tell yourself"是to do不定式作表语，译为"告诉你自己"；"that you are special"译为"你是特别的"。故答案是：另一个建议是告诉你自己你很特别。
（3）Everyone is excellent.汉译英。分析句式，题干是一个简单句；"每个人"是不定代词作主语，译为"everyone/everybody"；当不定代词作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式，因此谓语动词应用is；"了不起的"是形容词，译为"excellent"。故答案是：Everyone is excellent.
（4）这是一个终生的旅途，因为每天都会带来新的东西。英译汉。分析句式，题干是一个because引导的原因状语从句；"a lifelong journey"译为"终生的旅程/旅途"；"brings something new"译为"带来新的东西"。故答案是：这是一个终生的旅途，因为每天都会带来新的东西。
（5）不要通过封面来评判一本书。/不要以貌取人。英译汉。分析句式，题干是一个祈使句，也是一句谚语；谓语部分是固定搭配"judge...by..."，表"根据……来判断……"；"cover"是名词，译为"（书的）封面"。故答案是：不要通过封面来评判一本书。/不要以貌取人。
【点评】解答任务型阅读理解题目时，其题目类型较综合多样，在通读全文的基础上，根据各题要求反馈至原文相应处，仔细研读，方能正确作答。本篇主要侧重英译汉和汉译英题型，翻译时应结合句式结构、固定搭配、谓语动词的单复数形式等知识进行作答。
4．（2021•铁岭）阅读下面的短文，将短文中画线部分的句子译成中文。
China has a long history of making lanterns.And lanterns are necessary decorations （装饰品） during important festivals such as the Chinese New Year.They are beautiful and create an air of festivity.Today，I want to tell you a kind of plant.（1）This kind of plant is very similar to lanterns.
The plant is Winter Cherry （樱桃）.Chinese people also call it the Chinese Lantern plant.Its papery orange﹣red flowers look like little lanterns.It grows mainly in central and southern Europe，Iran，China，and Southeast Asia.The plant is not only beautiful but also useful.Its fruit and leaves can be used to make medicine. （2）Because of this，it is loved by many people. Will you pick it when you see it next time？

（1） 这种植物与灯笼非常相似。
（2） 因为它的果实和叶子可以用来做药/入药，所以许多人们喜爱它。

【考点】任务型阅读．
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者主要介绍了中国一种类似灯笼的植物，包括它的名字，形状、种植地和功效。
【解答】英译汉。
（1）这种植物与灯笼非常相似。该句的主语是This kind of fruit表示这种植物。其次be similar to表示和……相似。lanterns表示灯笼。故答案是：这种植物与灯笼非常相似。
（2）因为它的果实和叶子可以用来做药/入药，所以许多人们喜爱它。该句中Because of表示因为，this指代上文中提到的这种植物的果实和叶子可以用来制药/入药。其次it is loved by many people，该句是一般现在时的被动语态，其中is loved表示被爱，by表示被，many people表示许多人，通常被动语态可用主动语态进行翻译。故答案是：因为它的果实和叶子可以用来做药/入药，所以许多人们喜爱它。
【点评】本题考查英汉互译，要求学生有扎实的词汇基础，认真阅读文章，理解大意，联系上下文进行翻译即可，难度适中。
5．（2021•邵阳）阅读下面短文，将文中画线的句子译成汉语或英语。
Colourful fruits and vegetables are good for your health.（1）Their natural colors help protect your body from illness.Think about the colors of the food such as the red of the tomatoes，the orange of carrots，the green of kiwi fruit and the purple of grapes.
You can enjoy eating fruits and vegetables of many colors，They are red，yellow，green，orange，blue and purple.（2）每种颜色都有一些特殊意义。 They work together to protect your body.
（3）Scientists have discovered the secrets of colourful fruits and vegetables.The list below shows their different benefits.
Yellow and orange can make your immune（免疫的）system strong.（4）他们对你的健康也是有益的。 Green is also helpful to protect your eyes.Besides，it is good for your bones and teeth.
（5）Blue and purple can help you have a good memory.They also can fight heart illness.When you buy or eat fruits and vegetables next time，you can try more colourful ones.

（1） 它们天然的颜色可以帮助你的身体免受疾病。
（2） Each color has some special meanings.
（3） 科学家们发现了五颜六色的水果和蔬菜的秘密。
（4） They are also good for your health.
（5） 蓝色和紫色可以帮助你有良好的记忆力。
【考点】任务型阅读．
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者主要介绍了不同颜色的蔬菜和水果对健康有益处，且不同颜色都有不同的意义。
【解答】（1）它们天然的颜色可以帮助你的身体免受疾病。英译汉。该句中natural表示自然的、天然的。colors表示颜色。help表示帮助。protect…from表示保护……免受……。body表示身体，illness表示疾病。故答案是：它们天然的颜色可以帮助你的身体免受疾病。
（2）Each color has some special meanings.汉译英。本文主体时态是一般现在时，其结构是主语+动词原形。主语是each color表示每一种颜色，当第三人称单数作主语，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。have表示有，动词，在句中作谓语，此处其第三人称单数形式has。其次some表示一些，后可跟可数名词复数形式或者不可数名词。special表示特别的、特殊的，形容词。meaning表示意义，可数名词，some后应用其复数形式meanings。故答案是：Each color has some special meanings.
（3）科学家们发现了有色水果和蔬菜的秘密。英译汉。该句中Scientists表示科学家们。discovered表示发现，动词。secrets表示秘密。colourful fruits and vegetables表示五颜六色的水果和蔬菜。故答案是：科学家们发现了五颜六色的水果和蔬菜的秘密。
（4）They are also good for your health.汉译英。本文主体时态是一般现在时，其结构是主语+动词原形。主语They表示它们，be good for表示对……有益。also表示也。health表示健康，名词。故答案是：They are also good for your health.
（5）蓝色和紫色可以帮助你有良好的记忆力。英译汉。该句中Blue and purple表示蓝色和紫色。can表示可以、能，情态动词。help sb.do sth.表示帮助某人做某事。have表示有。memory表示记忆力，名词。故答案是：蓝色和紫色可以帮助你有良好的记忆力。
【点评】本文篇幅短小，内容简单，只要学生认真阅读文章，理解大意，联系上下文进行翻译即可，注意句子中的时态、固定搭配及单词的正确书写，难度一般。
6．（2021•常德）阅读短文，将文中划线部分译成汉语或英语。
Friday is here and most of us enjoy what the weekend brings. （1）Maybe you will spend some time on your hobby. （2）没有爱好就没有真正的快乐。Hobbies help our happiness.They give us purpose，meaning，a creative outlet，and they can even relieve stress.
One of my blog entries，from May of 2016，tells us how hobbies can help us identify some of our passions and that in turn can give us interesting content to include in a life story or memoir.
（3）Certainly things like playing cards or other games，especially at family gatherings can lead to some good memory.Or what about a day on the lake or the golf course？
（4）You can get geography and history lessons from collecting stamps or coins from around the world.
One of the things I enjoy is playing the guitar.It's a hobby I am not nearly good enough for pubic performances.（5）但是我喜欢边弹吉他边唱歌，以此来放松自己。 Get me around a few friends，family members or even a classroom full of students and I might break into a song.I was doing that today with my 5th graders.
If you want to start a new hobby or even search for new ideas，then check out A Full Guide On How To Start A New Hobby.It's posted on the Sewing Is Awesome.com website.Some of the take aways for me from the article included how hobbies can introduce us to new people，widen or knowledge and skills，and improve our confidence and self﹣esteem.Win，win and win.

（1） 也许你会花一些时间在你的爱好上。
（2） There is no real happiness without hobbies.
（3） 当然，像打牌或其他游戏，特别是在家庭聚会上，可以导致一些良好的记忆力。
（4） 你可以从世界各地收集邮票或硬币中获得地理和历史课程。
（5） But I like to relax myself by playing the guitar and singing.
【考点】任务型阅读．
【分析】文章说明了爱好对于我们的重要性，它有助于我们幸福。
【解答】（1）也许你会花一些时间在你的爱好上。英译汉。题干中谓语部分"spend...on sth"结构意为"在……上花费时间/金钱"，spend some time on your hobby译为"花一些时间在你的爱好上"；maybe是副词，译为"或许、也许"。故答案是：也许你会花一些时间在你的爱好上。
（2）There is no real happiness without hobbies.汉译英。根据句式，题干可使用There be句型，"没有真正的快乐"译为There is no real happiness...（happiness是不可数名词，谓语动词应用is）；"没有爱好"译为without hobbies，在句中作状语，其中hobbies在此表泛指，应用复数形式。故答案是：There is no real happiness without hobbies.
（3）当然，打牌或其他游戏之类的东西，尤其是在家庭聚会上，可以带来一些美好的记忆。英译汉。分析句子结构，" like playing cards or other games"是介词短语作后置定语，修饰名词things，译为"打牌或其他游戏之类的东西"； "especially at family gatherings"是副词短语作状语，译为"特别是在家庭聚会上"；谓语中心部分是lead to，译为"导致，带来"；some good memory短语中的memory是不可数名词，译为"一些美好的记忆"。故答案是：当然，打牌或其他游戏之类的东西，尤其是在家庭聚会上，可以带来一些美好的记忆。
（4）你可以从世界各地收集的邮票或硬币中获得地理和历史知识。英译汉。根据句式，谓语结构是get...from...，意为"从……获得……，"get geography and history lessons"译为"获得地理和历史知识"；from collecting stamps or coins from around the world"译为"从世界各地收集的邮票或硬币"。故答案是：你可以从世界各地收集的邮票或硬币中获得地理和历史知识。
（5）But I like to relax myself by playing the guitar and singing.汉译英。题干表转折，可用连词but引导；"放松自己"可作谓语的一部分，译为"relax myself"；"by+doing"作状语表示"通过某种方式"，即"通过弹吉他唱歌"，可译为"by playing the guitar and singing"。故答案是：But I like to relax myself by playing the guitar and singing.
【点评】解答任务型阅读理解题目时，其题目类型较综合多样，在通读全文的基础上，根据各题要求反馈至原文相应处，仔细研读，方能正确作答。本篇主要侧重英译汉和汉译英题型，翻译时应结合句式结构、固定搭配、谓语动词的单复数形式等知识进行作答。
7．（2021•湘潭）请根据上下文内容，将文中划线部分译成汉语或者英语。
Last month we asked our students about their free time activities.Our questions were about exercise，use of the Internet and watching TV.Here are the results.
We found that only fifteen percent of our students exercise everyday.Forty﹣five percent exercise four to six times a week.Twenty percent exercise only one to three times a week.（1）百分之二十的同学一点也不锻炼。 We all know that my students often go online，（2）but we were surprised that ninety percent of them use the Internet everyday.The other ten percent use it at least three or four times a week.Most students use it for fun and not for homework.
The answers to our questions about watching television were also interesting.Only two percent of the students watch TV one to three times a week.Thirteen percent watch TV four to six times a week.And eighty﹣five percent watch TV every day!（3）Although many students like to watch sports，game shows are the most popular. It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows，but we think the best way to relax is through exercise.（4）它有益于身心健康。Exercise such as playing sport is fun，and you can spend time with your friends and family as you play together.And remember，"old habits die hard".（5）So start exercising before it's too late!
（1） Twenty percent （of the students） don't exercise at all.
（2） 但让我们惊讶的是，他们中有90%的人每天都使用互联网。
（3） 虽然很多学生喜欢看体育节目，但游戏类节目却是最受欢迎的。
（4） It is healthy for the mind and the body.
（5） 所以在太晚之前开始锻炼吧！
【考点】任务型阅读．
【分析】本文是一则说明文，介绍了关于学生课余活动的调查结果。
【解答】（1）Twenty percent （of the students） don't exercise at all.汉译英。根据句式，主语"百分之二十的学生"译为"twenty percent of the students"，结合其上文前两句的表述，也可以译为"twenty percent"；谓语部分"一点也不"应用"not...at all"结构。故答案是：Twenty percent （of the students） don't exercise at all.
（2）但让我们惊讶的是，他们中有90%的人每天都使用互联网。英译汉。根据句式，题干中but表转折，谓语是固定搭配be surprised that...，表"对……感到惊讶"；"ninety percent of them"译为"他们中的90%"或"他们中有90%的人"；"use the Internet"译为"使用互联网"。故答案是：但让我们惊讶的是，他们中有90%的人每天都使用互联网。
（3）虽然很多学生喜欢看体育节目，但游戏类节目却是最受欢迎的。英译汉。根据句式，题干是although引导的让步状语从句，表"尽管、虽然"；从句中"watch sports"译为"观看体育节目"；主句主语"game shows"译为"游戏类节目"；形容词最高级形式"the most popular"译为"最受欢迎的"。故答案是：虽然很多学生喜欢看体育节目，但游戏类节目却是最受欢迎的。
（4）It is healthy for the mind and the body.汉译英。根据句式，题干中"有益于……健康"作句子的谓语，用固定搭配"be healthy for"结构；"身心"译为"the mind and the body"（注意英语的表述习惯与汉语表述习惯不同）。故答案是：It is healthy for the mind and the body.
（5）所以在太晚之前开始锻炼吧！英译汉。根据句式，题干中连词so表"因此、所以"；其后是以动词原形start为开头的祈使句，表倡议，"start exercising"译为"开始锻炼"；祈使句中含有before引导的时间状语从句，表"在……之前"。故答案是：所以在太晚之前开始锻炼吧！
【点评】解答任务型阅读理解题目时，其题目类型较综合多样，在通读全文的基础上，根据各题要求反馈至原文相应处，仔细研读，方能正确作答。本篇主要侧重英译汉和汉译英题型，翻译时应结合句式结构、固定搭配、谓语动词的单复数形式等知识进行作答。
8．（2021•沈阳）Jason is interested in China．He has found some information about Chinese culture．
The abacus
The abacus was perhaps the earliest type of computer．People （A） started using it more than 4，000 years ago to do maths．It was used in ancient China，Rome，Egypt and Greece．Today （B） 一些人仍然使用它。
Kungfu
"Kungfu" is the popular name given to Chinese martial arts in the West．It refers to a number of different types of fighting that have developed （C） more than hundreds of years in China．These different styles are often called "schools"．One of the most famous schools is the Shaolin School．It comes （D） the Shaolin Temple at Songshan in Henan Province．
TCM
Today when people in the West need medical help，they often choose （E） "new" kind of medicine that is actually quite old．They choose traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）．
TCM uses many different kinds of treatments．Herbal medicines are used，for example，to help bring balance to people． （F） Many of the treatments used in TCM have helped people for thousands of years．People can use Chinese medicine for almost any sickness they have．

（1）写出文中画线部分 （A） 和 （C） 的同义词或近义词： began ； over.
（2）将文中画线部分 （B） 译成英语： some people are still using it．
（3）在文中 （D） 和 （E） 的空白处填入适当的单词： from ； a.
（4）将文中画线部分 （F） 改写为：Many of the treatments used in TCM have helped people since thousands of years ago ．
（5）从文中找出两个与中国文化相关的名词： The abacus ； Kungfu.
【考点】任务型阅读．
【分析】文章主要介绍了算盘、中药和中国功夫。
【解答】（1）began；over.同义词。根据The abacus was perhaps the earliest type of computer．People started using it more than 4，000 years ago to do maths．算盘可能是最早的计算机，4000多年前人们就开始用它来做数学了。可知started 意思是开始；其同义词应为began意思是开始；根据It refers to a number of different types of fighting that have developed more than hundreds of years in China．它指的是在中国发展了数百年的各种不同类型的战斗。more than意思是超过；多余；其同义词应为over意思是超过；多余；故答案为began；over。
（2）some people are still using it．汉译英。根据一些人仍然使用它。可知，一些人译为some people；仍然使用它译为are still using it。时态是现在进行时态。故答案为some people are still using it。
（3）from；a.单词填空题。根据句意它来自河南省嵩山的少林寺。可知短语comes from...表示来自于……。此处应填介词from从；根据句意今天，当西方人需要医疗帮助时，他们通常会选择一种"新"的药物，这种药物实际上已经很旧了。短语a kind of表示一种；此处应填冠词a；故答案为from；a。
（4）since；ago.句型转换题。根据Many of the treatments used in TCM have helped people for thousands of years．几千年来，中医中使用的许多治疗方法都帮助了人们。时态是一般过去时态；时间状语是 for thousands of years．几千年来；转换为同义句Many of the treatments used in TCM have helped people since thousands of years ago．自数千年前以来，中医中使用的许多治疗方法已经帮助了人们。时态是现在完成时态；时间状语是since thousands of years ago．自数千年前以来；故答案为since；ago。
（5）The abacus；Kungfu.关键词题。根据The abacus was perhaps the earliest type of computer．People （A） started using it more than 4，000 years ago to do maths．算盘可能是最早的计算机，4000多年前人们就开始用它来做数学了。根据 "Kungfu" is the popular name given to Chinese martial arts in the West．It refers to a number of different types of fighting that have developed （C） more than hundreds of years in China．"功夫"在西方是中国武术的流行名称。它指的是在中国发展了数百年的多种不同类型的格斗。本文首先说了The abacus，其次描写了"Kungfu"。所以从文中找出两个与中国文化相关的名词应是：算盘；功夫。故答案为The abacus；Kungfu。
【点评】在通读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，瞻前顾后，正确翻译句子。
9．（2021•兰州）My dad is very interested in history and the Silk Road attracts him.He told me that the Silk Road had been a bridge between East and West for more than 2，000 years.①it from，was，kilometers，Xi'an，6500，to，Rome（.） It played an important role in the development of the world.
My family went to some famous places along the road for a holiday last summer.We started from Lanzhou to Wuwei.In ancient times，Wuwei was also a capital.Although it's now a modern city，you can still get a strong feeling of history here.②People are proud of its history.
The next stop was Jiayuguan，an important city on the edge of the desert.It was a busy place with a lot of business people coming and going.The western end of Ming Great Wall was built here.Even today，it's a city that many people travel through.Along the road，we also visited Yumenguan，which reminded me of the famous poem written by Wang Zhihuan.
Finally，we arrived in Dunhuang.It is a city with a long history and colorful culture.Ancient people created fantastic artworks，such as Mogao Grottoes.It was influenced by many different cultures over time.It was also the center of trade between China and its western neighbors.Today，millions of tourists around the world come here every year.
The trip helped me know about the history and culture of the special road.Besides，I can better understand how people from different places influenced each other.

（1）请将文中①处划线部分连词成句（标点符号已在括号内给出）。
It was 6500 kilometers from Xi'an to Rome.
（2）请将文中②处划线的句子翻译成汉语。
人们为它的历史感到骄傲。
（3）根据文章内容，请在横线上填入适当的词（每空限填一词）。
Ancient people built the part of Ming Great Wall in Jiayuguan.
（4）根据文章内容，请在下面的横线上填入适当的地名，补全作者的旅行路线。
Lanzhou →Wuwei →Jiayuguan→ Yumenguan →Dunhuang
（5）After reading the passage，would you like to advise your friends to travel along the Silk Road？
Why or why not？ （List one reason）
Yes，I'd like to.Because the Silk Road had been a bridge between East and West for more than 2，000 years.



【考点】任务型阅读．
【分析】本文主要介绍了作者一家去年夏天沿着丝绸之路的一段旅程。
【解答】（1）It was 6500 kilometers from Xi'an to Rome.连词成句。根据标点符号可知此句是陈述句；表示距离的句型是"it is+数词+单位+from to..."所以可组成句子"It was 6500 kilometers from Xi'an to Rome."，句意为"从西安到罗马有6500公里"。故填：It was 6500 kilometers from Xi'an to Rome.
（2）人们为它的历史感到骄傲。英译汉。People翻译为"人们"；are proud of翻译为"为......感到骄傲"；its history翻译为"它的历史"。根据汉语翻译习惯整理句子。故填：人们为它的历史感到骄傲。
（3）part.细节推理题。根据第三段"The next stop was Jiayuguan，an important city on the edge of the desert.It was a busy place with a lot of business people coming and going.The western end of Ming Great Wall was built here."下一站是嘉峪关，沙漠边缘的一个重要城市。这是一个繁忙的地方，有很多商人来来往往。明长城的西端就建在这里。可推知，古人在嘉峪关修建了明长城的一部分，the part of Ming Great Wall表示明长城的一部分。故填：part。
（4）Yumenguan.细节理解题。根据"The next stop was Jiayuguan"下一站是嘉峪关。"Along the road，we also visited Yumenguan"沿着这条路，我们还参观了玉门关。以及" Finally，we arrived in Dunhuang"最后，我们到达了敦煌。可知，作者在游览路线是：兰州→武威→嘉峪关→玉门关→敦煌。故填：Yumenguan.
（5）Yes，I'd like to.Because the Silk Road had been a bridge between East and West for more than 2，000 years.推理表达。根据"My dad is very interested in history and the Silk Road attracts him.He told me that the Silk Road had been a bridge between East and West for more than 2，000 years"我爸爸对历史很感兴趣，丝绸之路吸引了他。他告诉我，两千多年来，丝绸之路一直是连接东西方的桥梁。所以读完文章后，我想建议我的朋友沿着丝绸之路旅行。因为丝绸之路在两千多年的时间里一直是东西方之间的桥梁。故填：Yes，I'd like to.Because the Silk Road had been a bridge between East and West for more than 2，000 years.
【点评】这是个综合型阅读题，题目中有翻译题、也有问答题，主要考查学生的阅读理解能力及知识运用能力，答题时细节理解题可直接根据文中细节得出答案。
10．（2021•娄底）阅读下面的短文，按要求完成后面各个小题。
One afternoon a student was taking a walk with his teacher.As they went along，they saw a pair of old shoes lying in the path.They belonged to a farmer，who was working in the nearby field.
The student said， （4）"Let's hide his shoes and wait to see what he will do."
"We should never make fun of the poor!" answered the teacher， "Why not put a coin in each shoe，and then we will hide ourselves and watch？" The student did so and they both hid themselves behind the trees.When the poor man finished his work，he came to the path where he had left his shoes.
（5）他把他的脚放进了其中的一只鞋子里。To his surprise，he found a coin in it，so he looked at the coin again and again.He then looked around，but no person could be seen.He put the money into his pocket and continued to put on the other shoe.His surprise was doubled on finding the other coin.He couldn't control his feelings.He fell to his knees，looked up to the sky and expressed his thanks.He said the coins would help his poor family and save his hungry children.
The student stood there deeply moved.The teacher said， "Are you feeling much happier than hiding the shoes？"

根据短文内容用简要答语回答下面三个问题。
（1）Whom did the old shoes belong to？ They belonged to a farmer，who was working in the nearby field.
（2）How many coins did the farmer in the story find？ Two coins.
（3）How did the farmer feel after he got the help？ Grateful.
将短文中划线的两个句子翻译成中文或英文。
（4） 让我们把他的鞋子藏起来，等着看看他会做什么。
（5） He put his foot in one of the shoes.
【考点】任务型阅读．
【分析】本文讲述了一群学生本想捉弄一个贫穷的农民，但在老师的教导下把硬币放在农民鞋子里，农民发现后非常感激，因为这些硬币可以帮助到他贫困的家人的故事。
【解答】（1）They belonged to a farmer，who was working in the nearby field.细节理解题。根据第一段As they went along，they saw a pair of old shoes lying in the path.They belonged to a farmer，who was working in the nearby field.可知，这双旧鞋属于一个在附近田里干活的农民。故填：They belonged to a farmer，who was working in the nearby field.
（2）Two coins.推理判断题。根据第三段"Why not put a coin in each shoe，and then we will hide ourselves and watch？" The student did so and they both hid themselves behind the trees.可知，他们在每只鞋子放一枚硬币，所以是两枚硬币。故填：Two coins.
（3）Grateful.推理判断题。根据第四段He fell to his knees，looked up to the sky and expressed his thanks.可知，农民在得到帮助后很感激。故填：Grateful.
（4）让我们把他的鞋子藏起来，等着看看他会做什么。英译汉题。Let's"让我们"，hide his shoes"把他的鞋子藏起来"，wait to see"等着看看"，what he will do"他会做什么"。故填：让我们把他的鞋子藏起来，等着看看他会做什么。
（5）He put his foot in one of the shoes.汉译英题。put A in B表示"把A放进B里"，"他的脚"his foot，"其中的一只鞋子"one of the shoes。故填：He put his foot in one of the shoes.
【点评】这是个综合型阅读题，题目中有英汉互译题、也有问答题，主要考查学生的阅读理解能力及知识运用能力。答题时细节理解题可直接根据文中细节得出答案；英汉互译题需要根据句意及汉英语言各自的语法习惯来翻译。
11．（2021•海拉尔区模拟）Xi'an celebrated the first﹣ever China Hanfu Day on April 18.（A） ________ There were shows which were held by people wearing traditional Chinese clothing﹣Hanfu.Hanfu fans from all over China gathered there to take photos and put them online for a Hanfu photo competition which （①）________（持续） until May 18.
China Hanfu Day is on the third day of the third month of the Chinese lunar calendar，which is said to be the birthday of the Yellow Emperor.In ancient China，this day was also called Shangsi Festival（上巳节）. （B） ________.
Hanfu is the traditional clothing of the Han people who lived in China before the Qing Dynasty.It has a history of about 3，000 years. （C） ________ And it has changed greatly so far.However，some of its main characteristics remain.For example，there are two parts that overlap（交叠） on the front，which is called "jiaoling".Another main characteristic of Hanfu is that it usually uses ribbons（系带） instead of buttons（纽扣）.
China is becoming a （②）________（lead） country in the world，so the Chinese people feel more confident about Chinese traditional culture than ever before. （D）_________
根据短文完成下列各项任务。
任务一
（1）A Hanfu has two parts that overlap on the front，which is called "jiaoling".Picture A. gives the best description.

（2）将"Its purpose is to encourage young Chinese to take pride in traditional clothing. "一句填写到
文中ABCD四处横线中最恰当的位置。 B.
（3）段落三中划线部分单词的汉义是 D． 。
A.面料
B.体系
C.配饰
D.特点
任务二
（4）根据①处括号内所给汉语在横线填入一词。 will last.
（5）用②处括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 leading.
【考点】任务型阅读．
【分析】文章讲了西安在4月18日庆祝了有史以来第一个中国汉服日。其目的是鼓励中国年轻人以传统服装为荣。
【解答】（1）A．细节理解题，根据However，some of its main characteristics remain.However，some of its main characteristics remain.For example，there are two parts that overlap on the front，which is called "jiaoling".可知然而，它的一些主要特点仍然存在。例如，前面有两个部分重叠，称为"交岭"。所以汉服有两个部分在前面重叠，这就是所谓的"交岭"。A这张照片描述得最好。故选A。
（2）B．细节理解题，根据Its purpose is to encourage young Chinese to take pride in traditional clothing.可知其目的是鼓励中国年轻人以传统服装为荣。根据 China Hanfu Day is on the third day of the third month of the Chinese lunar calendar，which is said to be the birthday of the Yellow Emperor.可知中国汉服节是中国农历三月三，据说是黄帝的生日。第二段主要讲的汉服节的由来和设立汉服节的目的。所以将"其目的是鼓励中国年轻人以传统服装为荣。"一句填写到文中B处横线中最恰当的位置。故选B。
（3）D．词义猜测题，根据However，some of its main characteristics remain.可知然而，它的一些主要特点仍然存在。所以段落三中划线部分单词的汉语意思是特点。故选D。
（4）will last．词义猜测题，根据Hanfu fans from all over China gathered there to take photos and put them online for a Hanfu photo competition which （①）will last（持续） until May 18.可知来自中国各地的汉服迷聚集在这里拍照，并把他们放在网上参加汉服摄影比赛将持续到5月18日。所以应用last持续；继续；延续；继续存在；持续起作用；持久；根据句意分析句子时态应是一般将来时态。故答案为will last。
（5）leading．词义猜测题，根据China is becoming a （②）leading（lead） country in the world.可知推测句意应为中国正在成为一个世界领先国家。所以用②处括号内所给单词的适当形式应为lead的现在分词形式leading一流的；领先的；故答案为leading。
【点评】此类题型考查英语知识的综合运用，各小题类型比较复杂，涉及补全句子、翻译及阅读理解等，答题中要注意运用这些题型的答题技巧。答题前一定要弄懂全文，然后再动手解答问题。答题过程中，注意联系学过的句式、短语，结合短文内容，完成各小题的解答。
12．（2021•青岛模拟）Taking away a city's rubbish is a big job.Every day trucks come into a city to ① it.Most rubbish is made up of things we can't eat or use.If we kept these things we would soon have a mountain of rubbish.
In some cities the rubbish is collected and taken outside of city to a dump（垃圾场）.Often the city dump is placed where the ground is low or there is a big hole.The kitchen rubbish is broken into small pieces and sent into the sewage system.The sewage system takes away the used water from toilets，bathtubs and other places.
To keep mice and flies away，some earth is used to cover the newly dumped rubbish.Later，grass may be planted on the rubbish﹣filled land.Finally，a house or a school may be built there，and then you'd never know that this had once been an old rubbish dump.
In other cities the rubbish is burnt in special places.The fire burns everything but the metal.Sometimes the metal can be used again in factories where things are made of metal.The food parts of rubbish are put in special piles where they slowly change into something called humus（腐殖物），which looks like black earth.It is rich with the kinds of things that feed plants and help them grow.
任务（一）选择：
（1）适当的词语填在①处： C
A.send
B.clean up
C.collect
D.buy
（2）划线部分的中文意思： A
A.排污
B.染色
C.洗涤
D.吸尘
（3）从文中找出与Rubbish would be a mountain if we we didn't take it away.意思相同或相近的句子。 If we kept these things we would soon have a mountain of rubbish.
（4）写出划线部分的同义词： except
（5）按动作发生的前后顺序排列（只写字母代号）：
1） A 2） C 3） B
A.Cover the dumped rubbish
B.Build a house here
C.Plant the grass on the land
（6）回答问题：
Where can we find a city dump？ We can find a city dump where the ground is low or there is a big hole.
【考点】任务型阅读．
【分析】本文介绍了城市垃圾的处理。
【解答】（1）C.细节理解题。send，寄，送；clean up清理；collect收集；buy买，结合句意：每天卡车都要到城里来收集垃圾。所以C选项是正确的，故选C。
（2）A.词义理解题。根据"The sewage system takes away the used water from toilets，bathtubs and other places."这个处理系统把厕所、洗澡间和其他地方的污水带走了。可知这个词的意思是"排污"The sewage system 的意思是"污水处理系统"，所以A选项是正确的。故选A。
（3）If we kept these things we would soon have a mountain of rubbish.句型转换题。Rubbish would be a mountain if we didn't take it away如果我们不把垃圾带走，那就是一座山。和文章中If we kept these things we would soon have a mountain of rubbish.如果我们保留这些东西，我们很快就会有一堆垃圾。是同义句。故填If we kept these things we would soon have a mountain of rubbish.
（4）except.同义词题。结合句意：The fire burns everything. ③but the metal，火把很多东西都烧掉了，除了铁之外，but，除了，同义词是except。故填except。
（5）ACB.细节理解题。根据some earth is used to cover the newly dumped rubbish.Later，grass may be planted on the rubbish﹣filled land.Finally，a house or a school may be built there，可知这三个事情的顺序是覆盖垃圾。规划土地上的草。在那里盖房子。故选ACB。
（6）We can find a city dump where the ground is low or there is a big hole.细节理解题。根据Often the city dump is placed where the ground is low or there is a big hole可知垃圾场经常是一个比较低洼的地方或一个大坑里，故填Often the city dump is placed where the ground is low or there is a big hole.
【点评】这是个综合型阅读题，题目中有英汉互译题、也有问答题，主要考查学生的阅读理解能力及知识运用能力。答题时细节理解题可直接根据文中细节得出答案；英汉互译题需要根据句意及汉英语言各自的语法习惯来翻译。
13．（2021•长沙模拟）阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
Long ago in China， a young farmer bought a female horse. He spent many hours caring for her. The young farmer was counting on （指望） having many young horses to sell. One day， however， the horse ran away. The young farmer's friends tried to cheer him up， but he was too sad because his family couldn't afford to buy another new horse. The farmer's father continued to smile.（1） Finally， the young farmer couldn't stand his father's smile any longer. He asked， "What are you so happy about？" His father told him calmly， "It is sad to lose a horse， but you never know what good things might happen because of this. We should wait and see."
A few months later， the horse returned and it brought a strong male horse with it. His friends offered him congratulations （祝贺） on his good luck. And the father watched this， looking worried， and told everyone， "Having two horses does seem lucky. （2）但是我不禁担心会有不好的事情发生。We must wait and see."
Then one day the farmer fell off the horse. （3） 他的家人带他到医院并办理入院手续。After examining， the doctor told him that his leg was broken and that he would not be able to work for many weeks. All of the farmer's friends and family were upset except the farmer's father. He said， "Yes， it does look bad（4） But please calm down， and we should wait and see what good things may happen as a result of this."
Only several days later， the towns near the farm were attacked by armies. All the strong young men were asked to make an army to protect their land. Many young men died in the fighting while the young farmer was luckily alive.
The young farmer learned a good lesson from his wait﹣and﹣see father.（5） He learned that both good and bad luck will catch up with you.
（1） 最后，年轻的农夫再也不能忍受父亲的微笑了。 .
（2） But I can't help worrying that something bad will happen. .
（3） His family took him to the hospital and checked in. .
（4） 但是请静下来，我们应该等着看会因此带来什么好事。 .
（5） 他学到的是祸兮福所倚，福兮祸所伏（塞翁失马，焉知非福）。 .

【考点】任务型阅读．
【分析】本文讲的是塞翁失马，焉知非福的故事。
【解答】（1）. 最后，年轻的农夫再也不能忍受父亲的微笑了。英译汉题。Finally最后； the young farmer 年轻的农夫；couldn't ...any longer 不再； stand his father's smile 忍受父亲的微笑；故答案为：最后，年轻的农夫再也不能忍受父亲的微笑了。
（2）. But I can't help worrying that something bad will happen. 汉译英题。不禁担心can't help worrying ，不好的事情 something bad；发生happen；宾语从句的时态为一般将来时；故答案为： But I can't help worrying that something bad will happen。
（3）. His family took him to the hospital and checked in. 汉译英题。take sb.to sp.带某人到某地；办理入院手续 checked in；故答案为：His family took him to the hospital and checked in。
（4）. 但是请静下来，我们应该等着看会因此带来什么好事。英译汉题。 calm down静下来；should wait应该等着； good things 好事；as a result of this这的结果；故答案为：但是请静下来，我们应该等着看会因此带来什么好事。
（5）. 他学到的是祸兮福所倚，福兮祸所伏（塞翁失马，焉知非福）。英译汉题。learned学到；both good and bad luck 好运和坏运；catch up with 赶上；故答案为：他学到的是祸兮福所倚，福兮祸所伏（塞翁失马，焉知非福）。
【点评】做这类题型，首先通读全文，了解文章大意，然后根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或知语做出形式上的变化。
14．（2021•长沙一模）阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
Buying second﹣hand objects is becoming more popular these days.One million people are selling over2 million second﹣hand objects，such as clothing，books，cellphones and so on on Xianyu every day，Xinhua reported.
According to a speech given by Wei Ying，the founder of the second﹣hand book﹣trading website Déjàvu，people make more money nowadays，and buy more things than before.（1）当他们不再需要某些物品时，他们就在网站上把它们卖出。And at the same time，shoppers benefit a lot by shopping on such websites.
When Chen Junjun，22，a college student in Shanghai，wants to buy books，she uses Déjàvu. （2）She searches for the books she wants and adds them to her shopping basket，just like on any other shopping website.The difference is that the books are much cheaper ﹣ as much as 70 percent cheaper than new books.（3）Since I don't have enough pocket money，it's a perfect choice for me."Chen said.
（4）Besides lower prices，it can also meet people's special needs.For example，Yan Minjun，21，is a picky reader.She has bought many classic versions （版本）of books on Déjàvu，such as a copy of Pride and Prejudice that was published by People's Literature Publishing House in 1993. "I looked for it for a long time.Thanks to Déjà vu，now I have it!"she said with pleasure.
（5）买二手物品甚至能带给买家惊喜。Zhao Kaiqi，a 22﹣year﹣old college student in Harbin，once found a note in a second﹣hand book she bought. "Its owner shared her thoughts and hoped I would enjoy it.It was so heart﹣warming，" Zhao said."I want to do the same thing in the future，too."

（1） When they no longer need something，they sell it on the website.
（2） 她寻找她想要的书，把它们放进购物篮。
（3） 既然我没有足够的零花钱，那对我来说是个完美的选择。
（4） 它不仅价格便宜，还能满足人们的特殊需要。
（5） Buying second﹣hand goods can surprise buyers.
【考点】任务型阅读．
【分析】据新华社报道，现在购买二手物品越来越流行，每天有100万人在闲游购物网站上出售超过200万件二手物品，如衣服、书籍、手机等。购物者通过在这样的网站上购物受益匪浅。
【解答】（1）When they no longer need something，they sell it on the website.英译汉题。根据当他们不再需要某些物品时，他们就在网站上把它们卖出。可知当他们译为When they；no longer need something译为不再需要某些物品；他们就把它们卖出译为they sell it；网站上译为 on the website；分析句子结构，可知这是一个复合句，when当……的时候，引导时间状语从句，时态是一般现在时态。故答案为When they no longer need something，they sell it on the website.
（2）她寻找她想要的书，把它们放进购物篮。英译汉题。根据She searches for the books she wants and adds them to her shopping basket.可知，She searches for the books 译为她寻找书；she wants译为她想要的，是定语从句，修饰 books。and adds them 译为把它们；to her shopping basket译为放进购物篮；adds...to ...把……放进……。故答案为她寻找她想要的书，把它们放进购物篮。
（3）既然我没有足够的零花钱，那对我来说是个完美的选择。英译汉题。根据 Since I don't have enough pocket money，it's a perfect choice for me.可知，Since I don't have 译为既然我没有；enough pocket money译为足够的零花钱；it's a perfect choice 译为是个完美的选择；for me译为那对我来说；故答案为既然我没有足够的零花钱，那对我来说是个完美的选择。
（4）它不仅价格便宜，还能满足人们的特殊需要。英译汉题。根据Besides lower prices，it can also meet people's special needs.可知，Besides lower prices译为除了价格便宜，it can also meet 译为还能满足，meet 满足；people's special needs译为人们的特殊需要；Besides除…之外（还）；故答案为它不仅价格便宜，还能满足人们的特殊需要。。
（5）Buying second﹣hand goods can surprise buyers.汉译英题。根据买二手物品甚至能带给买家惊喜。可知，买二手物品译为Buying second﹣hand goods；Buying second﹣hand goods 动名词短语做主语；能带给买家惊喜译为can surprise buyers；情态动词can+动词原形surprise；故答案为Buying second﹣hand goods can surprise buyers.
【点评】任务型阅读理解题是介于阅读理解与书面表达之间的一种题型，所选文章题材内容贴近现代社会生活，涉及学生生活、富有时代气息。这篇文章主要考查学生的翻译能力。
15．（2021•丹东一模）阅读下面短文，将短文中划线部分的句子翻译成中文。
Our memories and our senses are closely connected. （1）A taste or smell can suddenly remind you of something which happened years ago. Our senses are also honest，and will warn us if necessary.If something smells or tastes bad you can expect it will be bad for your health. （2）Bad smells are nature's way of telling you to stay away from something. Of course，it is possible to develop a taste for something that smells bad，and everyone's tastes are different.

（1） 一种味道或气味会突然让你想起数年前发生的事情。
（2） 不好的味道是告诉你远离某样东西的自然的方式。
【考点】任务型阅读．
【分析】本文主要讲述了我们的记忆和感官是紧密相连的，一种味道或气味会突然让你想起几年前发生的事情；它还可以提醒你远离某种东西。
【解答】英译汉。
（1）一种味道或气味会突然让你想起数年前发生的事情。A taste or smell 一种味道或气味；suddenly 突然；remind sb of sth.使某人想起某事；something which happened years ago.几年前发生的事情。故答案为：一种味道或气味会突然让你想起数年前发生的事情。
（2）不好的味道是告诉你远离某样东西的自然的方式。Bad smells 不好的味道；nature's way 自然的方式；tell sb to do sth.告诉某人做某事；stay away from something.远离某样东西。故答案为：不好的味道是告诉你远离某样东西的自然的方式。
【点评】做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意．其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
16．（2021•天水模拟）阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容和情景，把文章中的画线句子（英语或汉语）翻译成汉语或英语。
（1）Using chopsticks and spoons to share food is a big part of Chinese culture. （2）几千年以前中国人就开始使用它们。People usually used their own chopsticks and spoons to share food with others.They thought it was a way to show love.But now，（3）因为新冠病毒（COVID﹣19）这种饮食习惯可能是危险的。 People with the virus may infect（传染）others.
（4）So more and more restaurants begin to offer serving chopsticks and spoons now.Such chopsticks and spoons are used when people want to fill their plate or bowl.They are not put in anyone's mouth.And they are popular at home，too.Some people once started an activity called "Use Serving Chopsticks with People You Like".（5）It is telling people that the use of serving chopsticks shows love，not rudeness（无礼）.

（1） 用筷子和勺子分享食物是中国文化的一大组成部分。
（2） Chinese people used them thousands of years ago.
（3） Because of COVID﹣19，this eating habit may be dangerous.
（4） 所以现在越来越多的餐馆开始提供公筷和勺子。
（5） 它在告诉人们使用公筷是爱，而不是无礼。
【考点】任务型阅读．
【分析】本文主要介绍了因为新冠病毒的缘故，现在所以现在越来越多的餐馆开始提供公筷和勺子。
【解答】（1）用筷子和勺子分享食物是中国文化的一大组成部分。英译汉。Using chopsticks and spoons 用筷子和勺子；share food 分享食物；a big part of Chinese culture.中国文化的一大部分；故答案为：用筷子和勺子分享食物是中国文化的一大组成部分。
（2）Chinese people used them thousands of years ago.汉译英。Chinese people 中国人；use them 使用他们，根据语境可知本句要用一般过去时态，因此use改为used；thousands of years ago几千年前。故答案为：Chinese people used them thousands of years ago.
（3）Because of COVID﹣19，this eating habit may be dangerous.汉译英。Because of COVID﹣19 因为新冠病毒；this eating habit 这个饮食习惯；may可能；dangerous危险的。故答案为：Because of COVID﹣19，this eating habit may be dangerous.
（4）所以现在越来越多的餐馆开始提供公筷和勺子。英译汉。So 因此；more and more restaurants 越来越多的餐馆；begin to do sth.开始做某事；offer serving chopsticks and spoons 提供公筷和勺子；now现在。故答案为：所以现在越来越多的餐馆开始提供公筷和勺子。
（5）它在告诉人们使用公筷是爱，而不是无礼。It is telling people它在告诉人们；the use of serving chopsticks 使用公筷；shows love，not rudeness（无礼）.显示的是爱，而不是无礼。故答案为：它在告诉人们使用公筷是爱，而不是无礼。
【点评】做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意．其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
17．（2021•长沙模拟）阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
There is a Chinese saying "千里送鹅毛，礼轻情意重".The saying comes from a historic book called Lu Shi （《路史》）.According to the story，a Tang Dynasty official in Yunnan wanted to show his respect （尊敬）to the emperor （皇帝）.He sent a man named Mian Bogao to bring some gifts to the emperor. （1）. One of the gifts was a beautiful swan，which was a very valuable gift at the time.
Mian took good care of the swan on his way to the emperor.One day，he passed by a lake and wanted to let the swan drink some water.（2）But as soon as he set the swan free，the swan flew away，leaving only some feathers on the ground. Mian was very worried，but he didn't try to run away. （3）他决定告诉皇帝发生了什么。He picked up a feather and kept going on his trip.
When Mian met the emperor，he told him what happened and said，（4）This swan feather is light，but it carries my deep respect for you. The emperor was happy with Mian's honesty and sincerity （真诚）.He forgave （原谅）Mian.（5）人们现在用这个说法来表明好的礼物不一定要很贵。What matters is the sincerity it carries.

（1） 其中一件礼物是一只美丽的天鹅，那是当时非常珍贵的礼物。
（2） 可他一放开天鹅，天鹅就飞走了，只剩下一些羽毛在地上。
（3） He decided to tell the emperor what happened .
（4） 这根天鹅羽毛虽轻，但它承载着我对您的深深敬意。
（5） People now use this saying to show that a good gift doesn't have to be expensive.
【考点】任务型阅读．
【分析】本文主要介绍了中国的谚语"千里送鹅毛，礼轻情意重"的相关情况。
【解答】（1）其中一件礼物是一只美丽的天鹅，那是当时非常珍贵的礼物。英译汉。One of the gifts其中一个礼物；a beautiful swan一个漂亮的天鹅；a very valuable gift一个非常珍贵的礼物；at the time.在那时；故答案为：其中一件礼物是一只美丽的天鹅，那是当时非常珍贵的礼物。
（2）可他一放开天鹅，天鹅就飞走了，只剩下一些羽毛在地上。But但是；as soon as一...就....；set the swan free放开天鹅；flew away飞走；leaving only some feathers只留下一些羽毛；on the ground在地上。故答案为：可他一放开天鹅，天鹅就飞走了，只剩下一些羽毛在地上。
（3）He decided to tell the emperor what happened .汉译英。decide to do sth.决定做某事；根据语境可知，本句要用一般过去时，因此decide变为decided；tell sb sth 告诉某人某事；what happened 发生了什么；故答案为：He decided to tell the emperor what happened
（4）这根天鹅羽毛虽轻，但它承载着我对您的深深敬意。英译汉。This swan feather这根天鹅的羽毛；light很轻；but表转折，但是；carries my deep respect for you 承载着我对你深深地敬意。故答案为：这根天鹅羽毛虽轻，但它承载着我对您的深深敬意。
（5）People now use this saying to show that a good gift doesn't have to be expensive.汉译英。People 人们；now 现在；use this saying 用这个说法；to show 来表明；a good gift doesn't have to be expensive.一个好的礼物不一定要太贵。故答案为：People now use this saying to show that a good gift doesn't have to be expensive.
【点评】做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意．其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
18．（2021•长沙模拟）阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
For the Chinese people，the most important festival is the Spring Festival.（1）It is when all family members get together，just like Christmas in the West.
Strictly speaking，every year the Spring Festival starts in the early days of the 12th lunar （农历） month and will last till the middle in the first lunar month of the next year.Of them，the most important days are Spring Festival Eve and the first three days（2）大多数人会有一个星期的假期。This time is also known as golden week.
On Chinese New Year's Eve，the whole family must sit at the table to eat the New Year's Supper together.This special supper is called "family reunion dinner".People often prepare some special dishes to express family wishes for the New Year.（3）The New Year's Cake，in Chinese we say nian gao，is very common in Southern China. It is made of sticky rice.In Chinese，nian gao sounds like "getting higher year by year".In Chinese people's mind，the higher you are，the more successful your business is.Jiaozi，which is also called "Stuffed Dumplings"，is a very common dish for Northern Chinese at the New Year's Supper.It is believed that，during New Year celebration，（4）饺子吃得越多，在新的一年里就能赚更多的钱。
"The Spring Couplet （对联）" is a special form of literature in China.Spring Festival couplets are norma put up on both sides of the doorway.Whether the family is rich or poor，educated or unschooledly（5）everyone must put up the Spring Couplet to express the hopes for the coming New Year. There are certain strict rules to mirror the words.For example，if there is a character on the left﹣hand side that saying，sky，for example，there should be one on the right﹣hand side saying ground.And if there is rain，there is wind.

（1） 此刻全家人会聚在一起，就像西方的圣诞节。
（2） Most people will have a week off.
（3） 新年蛋糕，我们以前说年糕，在中国的南方很常见。
（4） The more dumplings you eat，the more money you can make in the new year.
（5） 每个人都必须贴春联来表达对来年的希望。
【考点】任务型阅读．
【分析】本文是关于中国最重要的节日﹣﹣﹣﹣春节。
【解答】（1）此刻全家人会聚在一起，就像西方的圣诞节。英译汉题。It is when ..句型是强调句。Just like 就像；get together聚集；in the West西方。故答案为：此刻全家人会聚在一起，就像西方的圣诞节。
（2）Most people will have a week off.汉译英题。大多数人Most people；有一周的假期 have a week off。故答案为：Most people will have a week off。
（3）新年蛋糕，我们以前说年糕，在中国的南方很常见。英译汉题。The New Year's Cake新年蛋糕；in Chinese we say nian gao我们以前说年糕；is very common很常见；in Southern China在中国的南方。故答案为：新年蛋糕，我们以前说年糕，在中国的南方很常见。
（4）The more dumplings you eat，the more money you can make in the new year.汉译英题。使用the+比较级...，the+比较级...句型。饺子越多The more dumplings，吃eat，钱多the more money，赚 make ，在新年in the new year.故答案为：The more dumplings you eat，the more money you can make in the new year。
（5）每个人都必须贴春联来表达对来年的希望。英译汉题。eveyone每个人，must必须，put up贴，Spring couplet春联，express表达，the coming year来年，hope希望。故答案为：每个人都必须贴春联来表达对来年的希望。
【点评】此类题型考查英语知识的综合运用，答题中要注意运用这些题型的答题技巧．答题前一定要弄懂全文，然后再动手解答问题．答题过程中，注意联系学过的句式、短语，结合短文内容，完成各小题的解答。
19．（2021•长沙模拟）阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
When you think of the Arctic （北极），you imagine an icy land of pure white snow.Others imagine it as the last really clean place left on the earth.（1）We have polluted the deepest oceans with plastic rubbish. German scientists have recently found microplastics （微型塑料） in Arctic snow.Microplastics are pieces of plastic smaller than 5 millimeters.How is plastic pollution reaching the Arctic？According to scientists， "（2）很明显，绝大部分雪中的微型塑料来自空气。"They fall off the plastic objects and are moved by the wind，just like dust.They mix with ice in the air and fall to the ground as snow.Finding these plastics in Arctic snow means that we may breathe them in.
Are they bad for us？We do know that our bodies cannot take in "large" pieces of microplastics.However，if the plastics are small enough，（3）they can find ways into our bodies and stay there for a long time，which can be bad for our health.
（4）在世界各地的河流和海洋中也发现了微型塑料。Earlier research has found that they flow over long distances and into our oceans，hurting ecosystems along the way.They start in our wastewater，then flow into rivers and out to the sea，where they are eaten by sea animals.（5）If people then eat these animals，it means that we're eating the plastic as well.
（1） 我们用塑料垃圾污染了最深的海洋。
（2） Obviously，most of the tiny plastic in snow comes from the air.
（3） 它们能进入我们的身体并在那里停留很长时间，这对我们的健康有害。
（4） Miniature plastics have also been found in rivers and oceans around the world.
（5） 如果人们吃掉这些动物，那就意味着我们也在吃塑料。
【考点】任务型阅读．
【分析】文章讲了德国科学家最近在北极雪中发现了微塑料。微塑料是小于5毫米的塑料片。它们能进入我们的身体并在那里停留很长时间，这对我们的健康有害。
【解答】（1）我们用塑料垃圾污染了最深的海洋。英译汉题。根据We have polluted the deepest oceans with plastic rubbish.可知，我们用塑料垃圾污染了最深的海洋。We have polluted the deepest oceans 译为我们污染了最深的海洋；with plastic rubbish译为用塑料垃圾；故答案为我们用塑料垃圾污染了最深的海洋。
（2）Obviously，most of the tiny plastic in snow comes from the air.汉译英题。根据很明显，绝大部分雪中的微型塑料来自空气。可知很明显译为Obviously；绝大部分雪中的微型塑料译为most of the tiny plastic in snow；来自空气译为 comes from the air；句子时态应为一般现在时态；the tiny plastic plastic微型塑料，是不可数名词做主语，按单数处理；谓语动词 come用第三人称单数 comes ，故答案为Obviously，most of the tiny plastic in snow comes from the air。
（3）它们能进入我们的身体并在那里停留很长时间，这对我们的健康有害。英译汉题。根据they can find ways into our bodies and stay there for a long time，which can be bad for our health.可知they can find ways into our bodies 译为它们能进入我们的身体；and stay there for a long time译为并在那里停留很长时间；which can be bad for our health译为这对我们的健康有害；故答案为它们能进入我们的身体并在那里停留很长时间，这对我们的健康有害。
（4）Miniature plastics have also been found in rivers and oceans around the world.汉译英题。根据在世界各地的河流和海洋中也发现了微型塑料。可知微型塑料译为Miniature plastics；已经被发现了译为have also been found；在世界各地的河流和海洋中译为in rivers and oceans around the world；；分析句子时态应为一般现在时态；plastic本身是个不可数名词可数名词，但是加上s后表示各种各样的塑料材质；句型已经被发现了have been found；这是现在完成时态的被动语态；构成形式为have been+动词的过去分词；故答案为Miniature plastics have also been found in rivers and oceans around the world。
（5）如果人们吃掉这些动物，那就意味着我们也在吃塑料。英译汉题。根据If people then eat these animals，it means that we're eating the plastic as well.可知If people then eat these animals译为如果人们吃掉这些动物；it means that 译为那就意味着；we're eating the plastic 译为我们在吃塑料；as well译为也；If如果；引导的是条件状语从句；故答案为如果人们吃掉这些动物，那就意味着我们也在吃塑料。
【点评】中考中任务型阅读多为说明文和记叙文．其题型设置多样化，各地考试中所设题型各不相同，设计比较灵活，答案往往不一，允许考生自主发挥，加强了对学生语言综合运用能力的考查。但其考查难度也在增大，考生在复习时要有针对性地进行练习。
20．（2021•长沙模拟）Wang Xizhi was the greatest master of calligraphy （书法） in Chinese history.At the age of 7，Wang Xizhi learned the art of calligraphy from Wei Shuo，a famous woman calligrapher.To everyone's surprise，the well﹣known calligrapher was never satisfied with his calligraphy. （1） He always inspired himself with many calligraphers' stories and experiences. And he was perfectly diligent （勤勉的）in practicing calligraphy.
Wang Xizhi is especially remembered for one of his hobbies﹣﹣ raising geese （鹅）.He always got inspiration from the graceful neck movements of geese for his writing. （2）关于王羲之这个特殊爱好，有一个广为流传的故事。
One day， （3）王羲之正和他儿子一起坐船游览一个美丽的村庄。（4）He suddenly noticed a group of geese swimming around on the river. He loved geese very much and wanted to buy all of them.（5）These geese were raised by a Taoist （道 士） who was interested in Wang Xizhi's calligraphy. So he said，" If you could write Huangtingjing （《黄庭经》）for me，I will give all of these geese to you." Wang Xizhi was looking forward to getting these geese，so he agreed at once.He spent half a day writing out Huangtingiing，and then returned home with those geese happily.This is the famous story ﹣creating calligraphy works for geese.

（1） 他总是用许多书法家的故事和经历来启发自己。
（2） There is a popular story about Wang Xizhi's special hobby.
（3） Wang Xizhi is visiting a beautiful village by boat with his son.
（4） 他突然注意到一群鹅在河里游来游去。
（5） 这些鹅是由一位对王羲之书法感兴趣的道士养大的。
【考点】任务型阅读．
【分析】文章讲了王羲之在中国历史上是最伟大的书法大师。作者主要讲了著名的鹅故事书法作品。
【解答】（1）他总是用许多书法家的故事和经历来启发自己。英译汉题。根据He always inspired himself with many calligraphers' stories and experiences.可知：He always inspired himself 译为他总是启发自己；with many calligraphers' 译为用许多书法家的；stories and experiences译为故事和经历；故答案为他总是用许多书法家的故事和经历来启发自己。
（2）There is a popular story about Wang Xizhi's special hobby.汉译英题。根据关于王羲之这个特殊爱好，有一个广为流传的故事。可知：有译为There is；一个广为流传的故事译为a popular story；关于王羲之的 是about Wang Xizhi's；特殊爱好译为special hobby；故答案为There is a popular story about Wang Xizhi's special hobby。
（3）Wang Xizhi is visiting a beautiful village by boat with his son.汉译英题。王羲之正和他儿子一起坐船游览一个美丽的村庄。可知：王羲之正游览译为Wang Xizhi is visiting；一个美丽的村庄译为a beautiful village；坐船 是by boat；和他儿子译为with his son；故答案为Wang Xizhi is visiting a beautiful village by boat with his son。
（4）他突然注意到一群鹅在河里游来游去。英译汉题。根据He suddenly noticed a group of geese swimming around on the river.可知：He suddenly noticed 译为他突然注意；a group of geese 译为一群鹅；swimming 译为游来游去；around on the river译为在河里；故答案为他突然注意到一群鹅在河里游来游去。
（5）这些鹅是由一位对王羲之书法感兴趣的道士养大的。英译汉题。根据These geese were raised by a Taoist who was interested in Wang Xizhi's calligraphy.可知：These geese 译为这些鹅；were raised 译为被养大；by a Taoist 译为由一位道士；who译为；定语从句的引导词（那个人）；was interested in 译为对……感兴趣；Wang Xizhi's calligraphy译为王羲之的书法；故答案为这些鹅是由一位对王羲之书法感兴趣的道士养大的。
【点评】考查学生的阅读翻译能力。

考点卡片
1．任务型阅读
【考查能力介绍】
①任务型阅读理解题是介于阅读理解与书面表达之间的一种题型，所选文章题材内容贴近现代社会生活，涉及学生生活、富有时代气息．
②任务型阅读题型综合检测考生的阅读、理解、分析、判断、跨文化交际知识以及心理感悟能力等．考生对某一题的错误判断会影响其对其他题目作出正确的分析和判断，产生曼延作用．
③任务型阅读理解分为表格型和非表格型．其中非表格型阅读题目主要有：问答题；翻译题（英汉互译）；句式转换；用所给词的适当形式填空；判断正误题；补充句子；拟标题；改错；写近义词、同义词、反义词；选择题；排序题．但不论题型如何变化，只要准确把握文章信息，掌握一定的解题方法，都能得以解决．
【解题方法点拨】
完成任务型阅读的过程就是：阅读（信息输入）→判断、分析、概括、推理（信息加工与处理）→答题（信息输出）．具体解题方法如下：
①在读文章之前，先看一下文章后面的题目及要求，这样在阅读文章时就会有针对性；
②在读文章过程中，要兼顾文章主旨的归纳和细节信息的收集；
③在读文章后，核对各条题目，将信息进行梳理，根据要求（表格类阅读题往往限制没空词数）处理信息，正确表达．
④答题时还要注意： A．尽量简略回答；B．句子开头首字母要大写，标点符号要规范，单词拼写要正确无误，书写要认真；C．要对照题目，根据需要对句子的人称、时态、单复数、主谓搭配等方面进行核对．
解题步骤（以题目为例）
任务型阅读．阅读短文，根据其内容，完成下列任务．
One morning it took me an hour to watch a small ant carry a huge feather（羽毛）across my
back hall．Several times it met objects on its way and after a short time it would go around them．
At one point the ant had to deal①a crack（裂缝 ）about 10 mm wide．After a short time of thought，the ant put the feather over the crack，②it and picked it up on the other side，then continued on its way．
I was attracted by the cleverness of this ant，one of God's smallest creatures．It was an example of the wonder of creation．Here was an insect，tiny，yet given a brain（大脑）to think，discover and beat difficulties．But this ant，just like people，also shares human weaknesses（弱点）．
After some time the ant finally reached its home﹣﹣a flower bed at the end of the hall and a small hole that was the entrance to its underground home．And it was here that the ant finally faced the problem．How could that large feather be possibly pulled into the small hole？
Of course it couldn't．So the ant，after all this trouble and using much creativity，beating difficulties all along the way，just left the feather behind and went home．
The ant had not thought the problem through before it began its brave journey and in the end the feather was nothing more than a heavy weight．
Isn't our life like that？
任务一：请根据短文内容，分别写出①、②处所缺的单词．（每空限填一词）
1．① ②
任务二：请把上文中画线的句子翻译成汉语．
2．
任务三：请根据短文内容，补全下面的句子．（每空限填一词）
3．（A） At the entrance to the ant's home it found the feather was too for the small hole．
（B） According to the writer's opinion，the small ant is clever，brave and ，but also has its own weaknesses．
任务四：请根据短文内容回答下列问题．
4．Did the writer show a great interest in the ant at first？
5．What does the writer mainly want to tell us？
Before we do anything，we should ．
任务一是补充句子题，①考查固定搭配，②考查动词及其语法，都是词汇的惯用法，需要在读完全文的基础上，深入理解文章信息，推出正确的词语填入空缺处，也需要考生平时积累．
任务二是句子翻译题．这类题往往可以脱离文章直接做，做完后套入文章语境看是否翻译正确．
任务三是同义转化题，答题时要做到：弄清转换部分与原句的对应部分，对原句加以分析；根据所给的空格，把原句与要改写的句子联系起来；注意检查所用的表达方式、时态、语态、词汇、结构等是否符合题目要求．
任务四属于问答题，考查考生信息归纳能力．题目5考查作者态度，作者的态度和立场一般分支持、中立、反对三类，答题时要：寻找文中带有感情色彩的词来判断识别作者的态度；根据作者提供的例证推断其暗示的态度、观点；根据与问题相关的细节做出判断；通读全篇文章，把握文章的主旨后，才能做出正确的回答．题目6是内容归纳题，做题可以：从文章中找出能概括文章中心思想的主题句；注意文章的标题，开头和结尾；用自己的语言归纳概括；注意结合文中主题词所在的一些相关句子，整合出主题句；．注意归纳要概括性强，谨防以偏概全．
【中考命题方向】
中考中任务型阅读多为说明文和记叙文．其题型设置多样化，各地考试中所设题型各不相同，设计比较灵活，答案往往不一，允许考生自主发挥，加强了对学生语言综合运用能力的考查．但其考查难度也在增大，考生在复习时要有针对性地进行练习．