【配套新教材】专题二 动词的语态（超级讲义）——2023届高考英语一轮复习讲学一站通关

这是一份【配套新教材】专题二 动词的语态（超级讲义）——2023届高考英语一轮复习讲学一站通关，共4页。试卷主要包含了主动形式表被动意义等内容，欢迎下载使用。
专题二动词的语态——2023届新高考英语一轮复习重点考点：一般过去时的被动语态一般现在时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态 语态说明主语和谓语之间的关系。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,也就是动作的对象,所以只有及物动词和及物动词短语才有被动语态。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成。Shakespeare’s play Hamlethasbeenmade into at least ten different films over the past years.在过去的这些年里,莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》至少被拍成了十部不同的电影。In some parts of the world,teaisserved with milk and sugar.在世界的一些地方,茶被提供的时候会加牛奶和糖。一、几种特殊形式的被动结构:1.“be+过去分词+不定式”形式的被动结构He isreportedto have broken a world record.据报道他打破了一项世界纪录。2.“It+be+过去分词+从句”形式的被动结构It’ssaidthat they have discovered a new star.据说他们发现了一颗新星。3.“get+done”构成的被动结构get married 结婚;get hurt 受伤;get lost 迷路;get caught/stuck/trapped 被困练习1.In other parts of the country including Beijing,however,it _______ (know) as “qipao”,which has a history behind it.答案：is known　此处是对客观情况的一般性描述,应用一般现在时;it与know之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,故用被动语态。2.The build-up was exciting as everywhere 　　　　　　(decorate) with red. 答案：was decorated　主句用了一般过去时,故从句也应用一般过去时。decorate与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用被动语态。3.Over the years,rules　　　　　　　　　　　　　(work) out to guarantee safety and fairness. 答案：have been worked　over the years “在过去的几年里”,常与现在完成时连用;rules与work out为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用被动语态。4.Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement 　　　　(reach) so far by the two sides. 答案：has been reached　句意:尽管之前有好几轮的会谈,但是迄今为止双方仍然没有达成协议。根据时间状语so far可知,空格处用现在完成时,agreement与reach之间为被动关系。故填has been reached。5.More expressways 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy. 答案：will be built　句意:为了促进当地经济,四川不久将建造更多的高速公路。根据时间状语soon可以判断,句子应用将来时;高速公路和建造之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用被动形式。填will be built。6.Researchers say that the human personality 　　　　　　　(form) during the first two years of life.答案：is formed　本句说明的是一种理论,故用一般现在时,主语the human personality与form为被动关系,故用一般现在时的被动语态。二、构成：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be动词的变化表现出来的，其变化形式如下（以动词do为例）：一般现在时：am/is/are+done例：In Southeast Asian culture，a smile is used frequently to cover painful feelings.在东南亚国家的文化中，微笑常常被用来掩饰痛苦的感情。一般过去时：was/were+done例：Five reporters were sent to cover the conference.五名记者被派去报道这次会议。一般将来时：will/shall be+done 例：You will be abandoned by your fans.你将被歌迷抛弃。现在进行时：am/is/are being+done 例：A new bridge is being built at present.一座新桥现在正在建造中。现在完成时：have/has been+done 例：Some people have been ruined by their desire for wealth.一些人对财富的贪欲毁掉了他们。过去进行时：was/were+being+done 例：We couldn't use the computer. It was being repaired.我们不能使用那台电脑，它正在被维修。过去完成时：had been+done例：When the boss got to the office, all the work had been finished.老板到达办公室时，所有的工作都完成了。三、用法：①不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者Attention, please! A meeting will be heldin the office at 8: 00 a.m. tomorrow.Everyone is expected to attend on time.请注意！明天上午八点在办公室召开会议。望大家准时参加。②强调或突出动作的承受者The woman was taken to hospital. 那位女士被送进了医院。③动作执行者被较长的修饰语修饰The idea was supported by those who wished to make much money. 想挣许多钱的人们支持那个主意。注意：①动词短语在含被动语态的句子中作谓语时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。The plan will be given up. 这项计划就要被放弃了。Bad habits have been done away with. 坏习惯已经改掉了。②含情态动词的被动语态形式：情态动词+be+过去分词。He must be prevented from going. 必须阻止他去。The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible.这项计划应该尽早执行。③“get+过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。The patient got treated once a week.那位病人一周治疗一次。四、主动形式表被动意义1.表示状态特征的系动词,如look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove, appear等构成的系表结构。The soup smells good but tastes terrible.这汤闻起来香但尝起来不好。2.表示主语的某种属性、特征的动词,如read,write,sell,wash,clean, wear,shut。This kind of material washes easily.这种布料容易洗。3.表示开始、结束、运动的动词,如begin,finish,start,open,close, stop,end,run等。The shop closes at 6 pm every day.这家商店每天下午六点关门。