2022年中考英语语法复习讲义动词不规则变化&词类变化合集教案

这是一份2022年中考英语语法复习讲义动词不规则变化&词类变化合集教案，共7页。
常用不规则动词表
1.AAA
动词原形
▲过去式
*过去分词
▲现在分词
词义
cost
cost
cost
~
花费
cut
cut
cut
cutting
割，切
hurt
hurt
hurt
~
受伤
hit
hit
hit
hitting
打，撞
let
let
let
letting
让
put
put
put
putting
放下
read
read
read
~
读
set
set
set
setting
安排，安置
spread
spread
spread
~
展开，传播，涂
shut
shut
shut
shutting
关上.停止营业
2.AAB
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
词义
beat
beat
beaten
~
打败
3.ABA
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
词义
become
became
become
becoming
变
come
came
come
coming
来
run
ran
run
running
跑
overcome
overcame
overcome
overcoming
克服.战胜.
4.ABB
（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d, t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
词义
burn
burnt/burned
burnt/burned
~
燃烧
deal
dealt
dealt
~
解决.处理.分配
dream
~ed/dreamt
~ed/dreamt
~
做梦
hear
heard
heard
~
听见.听说
hang
hanged/ hung
hanged/ hung
~
绞死/悬挂
learn
learned/learnt
learned/learnt
~
学习
light
lit/lighted
lit/lighted
~
点燃, 照亮
mean
meant
meant
~
意思.意味.
prove
proved
proven/proved
proving
证明, 试验
shine
shone/shined
shone/shined
shining
使照耀，使发光
show
showed
showed/shown
~
展示, 给...看
smell
smelled/smelt
smelled/smelt
~
闻, 嗅
speed
sped/speeded
sped/speeded
~
加速
spell
spelled/spelt
spelled/spelt
~
拼写
wake
waked/woke
waked/woken
waking
醒来，叫醒, 激发

（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
词义
build
built
built
~
建筑
bend
bent
bent
~
弯曲.屈服
lend
lent
lent
~
借给
rebuild
rebuilt
rebuilt
~
改建, 重建
send
sent
sent
~
送
spend
spent
spent
~
花费

（3）原形→ought →ought
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
词义
bring
brought
brought
~
带来
buy
bought
bought
~
买
fight
fought
fought
~
打架.战斗
think
thought
thought
~
思考,想
seek
sought
sought
~
追求.搜索

（4）原形→aught →aught
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
词义
catch
caught
caught
~
捉,抓
teach
taught
taught
~
教.教授

（5）变其中一个元音字母
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
词义
awake
awoke
awoke/awoked
awaking
唤醒.唤起
dig
dug
dug
digging
挖掘.钻研.
feed
fed
fed
~
喂养.饲养
flee
fled
fled
~
逃避.逃跑.
find
found
found
~
发现，找到
get
got
got/gotten
getting
得到
hold
held
held
~
拥有.握住
lead
led
led
~
引导,领导
meet
met
met
~
遇见
sit
sat
sat
~
坐
shoot
shot
shot
~
射击
spit
spit/spat
spit/spat
spitting
吐痰,
stick
stuck
stuck
~
刺入,粘住
strike
struck/stricken
struck
striking
撞击.罢工
win
won
won
winning
赢.获胜

（6）原形→~lt/pt/ft→~lt/pt/ft
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
词义
feel
felt
felt
~
感到
keep
kept
kept
~
保持
leave
left
left
leaving
离开
sleep
slept
slept
~
睡觉
sweep
swept
swept
~
扫

（7）其它
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
词义
lay
laid
laid
~
下蛋, 放置
pay
paid
paid
~
付款
say
said
said
~
说.讲.表示
stand
stood
stood
~
站
understand
understood
understood
~
明白
lose
lost
lost
losing
失去
have
had
had
having
有.持有.从事
make
made
made
making
制造.安排.使
sell
sold
sold
~
卖
tell
told
told
~
告诉
retell
retold
retold
~
重复.复述
wind
wound
wound
~
缠绕.转动.
5.ABC
（1）原形→过去式→原形+(e)n
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
词义
blow
blew
blown
~
吹风.喘气.叫
drive
drove
driven
driving
驾驶
draw
drew
drawn
~
画画.拖拽
eat
ate
eaten
~
吃
fall
Fell
fallen
~
落下.跌倒
forbid
forbad/forbade
forbidden
forbidding
禁止.不许
give
gave
given
giving
给.提供.授予
grow
grew
grown
~
生长.种植
forgive
forgot
forgiven
forgiving
原谅, 饶恕
know
knew
known
~
知道
mistake
mistook
mistaken
mistaking
弄错; 误解,
prove
proved
proven/proved
proving
证明, 试验
take
took
taken
taking
拿.获得.接受
throw
threw
thrown
~
抛.扔.掷
ride
rode
ridden
riding
骑.乘车
see
saw
seen
~
看见.了解
sew
sewed
sewn
~
缝制.缝合
show
showed
showed/shown
~
展示.说明
shake
shook
shaken
shaking
摇动.震动
write
wrote
written
writing
写
（2）原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
词义
break
broke
broken
~
打破.打碎
choose
chose
chosen
choosing
选择
get
got
got/gotten
getting
得到
hide
hid
hidden
hiding
隐藏
forget
forgot
forgotten
forgetting
忘记.忽略
freeze
froze
frozen
freezing
冷冻.结冰
speak
spoke
spoken
~
说话.演讲
steal
stole
stolen
~
偷窃.偷盗

（3）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）
[i→a →u]
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
词义
begin
began
begun
beginning
开始
drink
drank
drunk
~
喝
sing
sang
sung
~
唱
sink
sank
sunk
~
下沉, 沉没
swim
swam
swum
swimming
游泳
ring
rang
rung
~
戒指.环围住

（4）其它
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
词义
be(am,is,are)
was/ were
been
~
是
bear
bore
born/borne
~
负担, 忍受
do
did
done
~
做
fly
flew
flown
~
飞行
go
went
gone
~
去
lie
lay（lied）
lain（lied）
lying
躺.位于（说谎）
wear
wore
worn
~
穿
bite
bit
bitten
biting
咬.刺痛
tear
tore
torn
~
流泪.撕破.猛冲

注：现在分词列的“~”表示在动词原形后直接加ing
常用不规则动词表（默写版）注：▲标记的列为必备
动词原形
▲过去式
*过去分词
▲现在分词
词义
cost




cut




hurt




hit




let




put




read




set




beat








become




come




run




overcome




burn




dream




hear




hang




learn




light




mean




show




smell




spell




wake




build




lend




rebuild




send




spend




bring




buy




fight




think




catch




teach




dig




find




get




hold




动词原形
▲过去式
*过去分词
▲现在分词
词义
lead




meet




sit




stick




win




feel




keep




leave




sleep




sweep




lay




pay




say




stand




understand




lose




have




make




sell




tell




retell




blow




drive




draw




eat




fall




give




grow




forgive




know




take




throw




ride




see




show




shake




write




break




choose




get




hide




forget




动词原形
▲过去式
*过去分词
▲现在分词
词义
freeze




speak




steal





begin




drink




sing




sink




swim




ring





be(am,is,
are)




do




fly




go




lie




wear




bite





6.动词过去式规则变化：
①一般情况，_____________：look→_________ turn→_________ play→__________
②以-e结尾的，____________：move→_________ like→_________ love→_________
lie→_________/___________ tie→_________ die→_________
③以___________加y结尾的，______________：study→_________ try→_________
以___________加y结尾的，______________：stay→_________
④以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的（___________），
双写______________________：stop→_________ plan→_________
⑤以r音节结尾的，___________________：prefer→_________ refer→_________

7.动词三单变化规则：
①一般情况直接在动词结尾加_____。如：
walk→_________ write→_________
②动词末尾字母以s，x，sh，ch，o等结尾的，在动词后加_____。如：
go→_________ wash→_________ mix→_________ watch→_________ do→_________
③动词以辅音字母+y结尾，把y变为_____，再加_____。如：
study→_________ try→_________ dry→_________
如果动词是元音字母+y结尾，则直接加_____。如：
say→_________ buy→_________ play→_________
③特殊变化。如：
have→________ be→_________(主语为I)_________(主语为三单)_________(主语为you或复数)

8.动词ing变化规则：
①直接加______：play→_________ ski→_________ work→_________
②以不发音的_____结尾的，去掉______加_______：
have→_________ prove→_________ make→_________ take→_________
③重读闭音节结尾的且末尾只有一个辅音字母的(________结构)，双写_________加________：
cut→_________ put→_________ swim→_________ stop→_________ run→_________
begin→_________ get→_________
④特殊：
tie→_________ die→_________ lie→_________

9.可数名词单数变复数规则：
【规则变化】①一般加______：map→_________ book→_________ book→_________
②以_____, _____, _____, ______结尾的，加______：
bus→_________ box→_________ dish→_________ watch→_________
③以____, _____结尾的，把_____, _____变为______(特殊roof→roofs)
half→_________ leaf→_________ thief→_________ wife→_________ knife→_________
④以o结尾的，有________的加es, 无_______加s：
potato→_________ tomato→_________ hero→_________ mango→_________
radio→_________ piano→_________ radio→_________ photo→_________
⑤以___________加y结尾的，______________：story→_________ baby→_________
以___________加y结尾的，______________：monkey→_________ boy→________
【不规则变化】
child→________ mouse→________ tooth→________ goose→________ foot→________
man→________ woman→________ policeman→________ fireman→________ 注意：German→________
Chinese→________ Japanese→________ fish→________ deer→________ sheep→________

10.形容词变副词规则：
①一般词尾加_______, 如：usual→__________ real→__________
②_______字母加______结尾的，变_____为______加______, 如：
heavy→__________ easy→__________ lucky→__________ happy→__________
③以______结尾的，把______变为______, 如：
probable→__________ terrible→__________ possible→__________
④特殊：true→__________

11.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级变化规则：
(1).单音节词和部分双音节词：
①直接加er/est, ：cheap→cheaper→cheapest, cold→colder→coldest
②以e结尾的，加r/st：nice→nicer→nicest, gentle→gentler→gentlest
③以重读闭音节结尾的，双写末尾字母再加er/est：big→bigger→biggest, hot→hotter→hottest
④以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i加er/est：busy→busier→busiest, heavy→heavier→heaviest
(2).非-e或-y结尾的双音节词或多音节词： 在单词前加more/most
beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful, popular→more popular→most popular
注意：部分不规则变化
good/well→better→best, ill/bad→worse→worst, many/much→more→most, little→less→least
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest, far→farther/further→farthest/furthest