中考英语语法考点梳理手册03--介词、连词（学练结合版）学案

 中考英语语法考点精要梳理手册（学练结合版）
五　介词    介词是一种用来表示词与词、句与句之间关系的词,又叫前置词,是一种虚词。     考点一　时间介词　  介词用法例句at表示在某个时刻或者瞬间。I usually get up at 7:00 in the morning.我通常在早上七点钟起床。on表示在具体的某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午和晚上等。My mother bought me a bike on Children’s Day.我的妈妈在儿童节这天给我买了一辆自行车。He was born on the morning of May 10th.他出生于五月十日的早晨。in表示在具体的某一季节、月份或某一年或其后跟一段时间(常用在将来时的句子中)。In summer,I like swimming.在夏天我喜欢游泳。I’ll be back in two weeks.我两周后回来。before表示“在……之前”。Wash hands before dinner.饭前要洗手。after表示“在……之后”。He said that he would come here after 6:00.他说他六点钟之后会来这儿。forfor后加一段时间,表示“持续一段时间”。The Greens have lived in China for two years.格林一家人在中国已经住了两年了。sincesince后加时间点或一般过去时的句子,表示“自从(过去某时)以来”。Ms White has worked here since 2000.自2000年以来,怀特女士就在这里工作。during表示“在……期间”。I enjoyed myself during the summer vacation.我在暑假期间玩得很高兴。until常用短语:not ...until ...“直到……才……”I didn’t leave until you came back.直到你回来,我才离开。by“by+时间点”表示“在……以前,到……为止”。跟将来的时间点,用一般将来时,跟过去的时间点用过去完成时We will come back by seven this evening.今天晚上七点前我们将回来。   考点二　方位介词　    介词用法例句in表示“在……里面”A ball is in the box.在这个盒子里有个球。on表示“在……上面”My pen is on the desk.我的钢笔在桌子上。under表示“在……下面”There is a cat under the desk.桌子下面有一只猫。to表示“到,去,向”Will you go to the cinema?你去看电影吗?behind表示“在……之后”Who’s the girl standing behind Richard?站在理查德后面的那个姑娘是谁?above表示“在……上方”,可能垂直在上,也可能不垂直在上,与below相对The plane is flying high above the clouds.飞机正在云彩上方飞行。over表示“在……上方(垂直)”,与under相对A bridge is over the river.在河上有一座桥。between表示“在……之间”,多用于两者之间This is a secret between you and me.这是你和我之间的秘密。among指在三者或三者以上的对象之间—Howdoyoulikethebook?你觉得这本书怎么样?—It’sthebestamongthethreedetectivenovels.它是这三本侦探小说中最好的。through表示从中间“穿过,贯穿”,表示动作发生在立体空间,是从内部穿过Wewalkedrapidlythroughthebackdoor.我们快速走过后门。across表示从表面“横穿”Becarefulwhenyougoacrossthestreet.当你过马路时要小心。beside表示“在……旁边”MybikeisbesideTom’s.我的自行车在汤姆的自行车旁边。     考点三　方式介词　  介词用法例句byby+表示交通工具的名词,表示“乘……(交通工具)”。Nick often goes to school by bus.尼克经常乘公共汽车去上学。by+动词-ing形式,表示“通过……方式”。He learns English by reading books.他通过读书学英语。inin+语言类名词,表示“用……语言”。Please say it in Chinese.请用汉语说它。on表示通过某个设备。My father listens to music on the radio.我父亲通过收音机听音乐。withwith the help of ...表示“在……的帮助下”。With the help of him,I won the game.在他的帮助下,我赢得了比赛。表示用工具。Cut the bag with the knife.用刀子割开这个包。      考点四　其他常用介词　  介词用法例句aboutabout“关于”,多用于内容和观点比较一般性的情况。What is your excuse about your being late yesterday?你昨天迟到的借口是什么?onon“关于”,多表示内容属于专门性和学术性的。It’s a book on animals.这是一本有关动物的书。(学术专著)like意为“像……一样”,用于说明相似关系,实际上不是。He talked to me like my father.他像我父亲那样跟我谈话。(他不是我父亲。)as意为“作为,以……身份”,后跟表示职业、职务的名词。We chose him as captain of our team.我们选他当我们队的队长。in表示“穿戴……”,后接表示颜色或衣服的词。He is in black today.他今天穿着黑衣服。into表示“往……里(进、蹦、跳)去”,常和动词连用。Many frogs jumped into the lake just now.刚才许多青蛙跳进了湖里。except表示“除……之外(不包括在内)”,是从整体中除去一部分。We are all here except Li Ming.除了李明之外,我们都在这里。besides表示“除……之外还有(包括在内)”。This time we’ll all go there besides Tom.这次除了汤姆之外,我们也都将去那里。with①表示伴随,意为“和……一起”。②表示“有,带有,长有”等。I went to plant trees with my friends.我和我的朋友们去植树了。You should drink some hot tea with honey.你应该喝热蜂蜜茶。without表示“没有”。He left angrily without saying a word.他什么也没有说就生气地离开了。for①表示目的,意为“为了”。②表示原因、理由。③表示用途、对象。Let’s go for a walk.让我们去散步吧。Sanya is famous for Tianya-haijiao.三亚因天涯海角而出名。I think drinking milk is good for our health.我认为喝牛奶对我们的健康有好处。towards表示“朝……方向”。A dog is running towards me.一条狗正向我跑来。along表示“沿着,顺着”。We’ve planted more than 1,000 trees along the banks of the river.我们沿着河岸种了1,000多棵树。off表示“离开,脱离”。Keep off the grass.勿踏草地。against表示“反对”,其反义词为for。We’re against the plan.我们反对这个计划。      介词专项提升演练考点一　时间介词　 1. The Dragon Boat Festival falls 　　　May or June every year. A.in　　　　B.on　　　　C.at　　　　D.between2.—We’ll have a hiking trip, but when shall we meet? —Let’s make it 　　　half past eight 　　　the morning of June 21. A.at; in B./; on C./; in D.on; at3.—When will the party be held? —　　　 two weeks’ time, 　　　15th July. A.In; on B.In; in C.On; on D.At; on考点二　方位介词　 1.—Excuse me, is there a computer room in your school? —Yes. It’s 　　　the fifth floor. A.on B.in C.at D.to2.The men walked 　　　the forest and came to a big river at last. A.on B.over C.through D.across3.Our English teacher was standing 　　　us so that she could hear us all clearly. A.away from B.far behind C.between D.among4. I can’t see Lucy because she is 　　　the tree. A.in front of　　　B.behind　　　C.next to考点三　方式介词　 1.Mo Yan’s books are very popular. You can find they are on sale 　　　many languages. A.in B.to C.with D.at2.—How do you go home every day? —　　　 bike. A.On B.In C.With D.By3.—Is the dress made 　　　silk?  —Yes. It’s made 　　　Italy. A.from; in B.of; in C.from; of D.of; from考点四　其他常用介词　 1. President Xi said that people in the world should build a community 　　　a shared future. A.to B.at C.with D.from2. Our class are much sure to win the basketball game 　　　Class Three. A.of B.in C.against D.from3. To my pleasure, my family is always 　　　me whatever I decide to do. A.above B.behind C.from D.through4. Happy birthday, Peter! Here’s a gift 　　　you. A.for B.in C.with D.from 六　连词    用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子的词叫连词。连词是虚词,在句中不能独立充当句子成分,只起连接作用。     考点一　并列连词　      并列连词按其作用分为表示并列、选择、转折和因果关系的四大类。     1.表示并列关系的并列连词     常见的表示并列关系的并列连词有:and,not only ...but also ...,as well as,both ...and ...,neither ...nor ...,它们用来连接两个并列或对称关系的单词、短语或分句。在否定句和疑问句中,常用or,而不用and表示并列关系。     Ann and I are in the same school. 安和我在同一所学校。     Not only the students but also the teacher gives the money to our school. 不仅学生为我们学校捐了款而且这位老师也捐了款。     Paul is a writer as well as a teacher. 保罗不仅是一位老师,也是一位作家。     Both you and she are right. 你和她都对。     Neither you nor I am from Australia. 你和我都不是来自澳大利亚。     【提醒】 not only A but also B中,强调的对象是B;而在句型A as well as B中强调的对象是A。     2.表示选择关系的并列连词     常见的表示选择关系的并列连词有:or,not ...but ...,either ...or ...等。     (1)or的用法     ①or意为“或”,表示一种选择关系。     Would you like tea or coffee?你想喝茶还是咖啡?     ②or用在“祈使句+or ...”结构中,其中or在此意为“否则”。     Study hard,or you will fail in the exam. 努力学习,否则你不会通过这次考试。     ③or用在否定句中代替and表示并列关系。     He can’t read or write.他既不会读也不会写。     (2)not ...but ...意为“不是……而是……”,either ...or ...意为“不是……就是……;或者……或者……”,动词与邻近的主语保持一致,即遵循“就近原则”。     Not Father but Mother was present at the ceremony. 不是父亲而是母亲出席了这一仪式。     Either you or he has to go.=Either he or you have to go. 不是你就是他得去。     3.表示转折关系的并列连词     常见的表示转折关系的并列连词有while,but,yet等,用来连接两个意思不同甚至相反的单词、短语或分句。     I was born in Hefei while I grew up in Changchun. 我出生在合肥,然而在长春长大。     He wants to go,but his sister wants to stay. 他想走,但他妹妹想留下。     He worked hard,yet he failed to pass the exam. 他学习很努力,然而却没有通过考试。     4.表示因果关系的并列连词     常见的表示因果关系的并列连词有so,for。     The boss called me just now,so I must go to the office at once. 老板刚才打电话找我,因此我必须马上去办公室。     I must be away for a week,for I’ll fix the machine for a factory. 我必须离开一周,因为要为一家工厂修机器。     考点二　从属连词　      从属连词通常引导一个从句,修饰主句。一般可分为引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句等)的从属连词和引导状语从句的从属连词。     1.引导名词性从句的从属连词主要有that,if(是否),whether(是否),when等。     It hasn’t been decided when the sports meeting will be held.运动会什么时候举行还没定。(引导主语从句)     I don’t know if he will come tomorrow. 我不知道他明天是否会来。(引导宾语从句)     The problem is that I don’t have enough money. 问题是我没有足够的钱。(引导表语从句)     2.引导状语从句的从属连词有很多,其类型见下表: 从句从属连词例句时间状语从句when,while,as(当……时),after,before,until,till,as soon asThey had left when I got there.当我到那里时他们已经离开了。地点状语从句where,whereverWhere there is a will,there is a way.有志者,事竟成。原因状语从句because,since,as(因为),now thatTom doesn’t come to school because he is ill.汤姆没来上学,因为他病了。条件状语从句if(如果),unless,once (一旦),in caseWe’ll go hiking if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我们就去徒步旅行。目的状语从句in order that,so that,for fear that,in caseI got up early so that I could catch the first bus.我起得很早,为的是能赶上第一趟车。让步状语从句although/though,even if/though,howeverThough Canada is large,the population is small.尽管加拿大面积大,人口却很少。结果状语从句so ...that ...,such ...that ...My father was so tired that he fell asleep fast.我爸爸累得很快就睡着了。比较状语从句than,asI’m older than you (are).我年龄比你大。方式状语从句as(按照),as if/though (好像)You should do as I told you.你应该按我说的做。     注意:不能连用的两组连词     1.because(因为)和so(所以)不能同时出现在一个句子里,只能用其一。     Because Nick was tired,he couldn’t walk there.=Nick was tired,so he couldn’t walk there. 因为尼克累了,所以他不能走到那儿了。     2.(al)though(虽然)和but(但是)不能同时出现在一个句子里,只能用其一。但though和yet可以同时出现在一个句子里(yet用作副词)。     Though Tom was tired,he still worked hard.=Tom was tired,but he still worked hard. 虽然汤姆累了,但他仍然努力工作。  连词专项提升演练考点一　并列连词　 1. Work hard, 　　　you’ll have a big success. A.or　　　　B.but　　　　C.and　　　　D.yet2.I could speak　　　 French　　　 Chinese, but luckily I could talk with them in English. A.both; and B.neither; nor   C.either; or D.not only; but also 3.I don’t like vegetables, 　　　my brother does. A.and B.but C.so D.or4.Which do you prefer to use to communicate with your friends, QQ 　　　WeChat?  A.and B.nor C.or D.so5. Hold your dream, 　　　you might regret some day. A.and B.or C.but D.so考点二　从属连词　 1.It’s a good habit to wash your hands 　　　you have meals. A.unless B.while C.when D.before2.It is 　　　a beautiful garden 　　　we like to play in it. A.so; that  B.such; that  C.too; to D.very; that3. You can surf the Internet 　　　you want to know about the 2020 World Middle School Games. A.until B.after C.if4. It’s hard for us to say goodbye 　　　we have so many happy days to remember. A.so B.because C.although D.until5. Many people like reading newspapers 　　　they can learn what’s happening in the world. A.so that B.ever since    C.as soon as D.even though6. We’ll achieve our dreams some day 　　　we keep trying and never give up. A.as long as    B.even though    C.so that  参考答案考点一 1.答案:A  2.答案:B  3.答案:A考点二 1.答案:A  2.答案:C  3.答案:D  4.答案:B考点三 1.答案:A  2.答案:D  3.答案:B考点四 1.答案:C  2.答案:C  3.答案:B  4.答案:A 参考答案考点一 1.答案:C  2.答案:B  3.答案:B  4.答案:C  5.答案:B考点二 1.答案:D  2.答案:B  3.答案:C  4.答案:B  5.答案:A  6.答案:A