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中考英语语法考点梳理手册04--形容词和副词((学练结合版)学案
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中考英语语法考点精要梳理手册(学练结合版)
七 形容词和副词 考点一 形容词、副语的句法功能 形容词和副词都是起修饰作用的词。它们各自的功能如下: 词类功能例句形容词定语Alice is a beautiful girl.艾丽丝是一个美丽的女孩。表语The meal is very delicious.这顿饭很美味。宾语补足语You must keep the room clean.你必须保持房间清洁。副词状语He got up latetoday.今天他起得晚。后置定语Life here is rich and interesting.这里的生活既富裕又有趣。表语Class is over.下课了。 考点二 形容词的排列顺序 不少学生对形容词的排列词序颇感困惑。在此,我们向同学们介绍一个简易的记忆方法。请记住“限观形龄色国材”这几个字,如果这几个字不好记,你就记“县官行令谢国才”。 口诀说明例词县(限)代表限定词,包括冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词等。the,this,that,my,Tom’s, two官(观)代表观点的描述性形容词。fine, beautiful, interesting行(形)代表大小、长短、高低及形状的形容词。small, tall, high, round令(龄)代表年龄、新旧的形容词。young, old, new谢(色)代表颜色的形容词。red, black, white国代表国籍、地区、出处的形容词(或名词)。English, American才(材)代表构成材料的形容词。wooden, stone, plastic There is a fine old stone bridge near the village. 村子附近有一座漂亮的古代石桥。 I bought a cheap blue plastic pencil box yesterday. 昨天我买了一个便宜的蓝色塑料铅笔盒。 They have got such a round brown wooden table. 他们有这样一张褐色的木制圆桌。 考点三 形容词变副词的方法 1.大多数形容词在词尾加-ly。 careful→carefully, quick→quickly, bright→brightly 2.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词, 把y变成i, 再加-ly。 easy→easily, happy→happily, lucky→luckily 3.以“元音字母+e”结尾的形容词, 去e再加-ly。 true→truly 4.以le结尾的形容词, 去e再加-y。 terrible→terribly, simple→simply, possible→possibly 考点四 形容词、副词的比较等级 1.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的概念和构成 英语中的形容词和副词常用三种形式来表达事物的等级差别,分别是原级、比较级和最高级。大部分形容词和副词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-er/-est或在词前加more/most,属于规则变化,但也有少数是不规则的变化。 (1)规则变化 情况构成方式原级比较级最高级一般情况加-er或-estnew新的fast快的newerfasternewestfastest以e结尾的词加-r或-stlate晚的laterlatest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词变y为i,再加-er或-estearly早的happy高兴的earlierhappierearliesthappiest多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加more或mostuseful有用的carefully仔细地more usefulmore carefullymost usefulmost carefully重读闭音节的词末尾只有一个辅音字母先双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-er或-esthot热的thin瘦的fat胖的hotterthinnerfatterhottestthinnestfattest 【巧记口诀】 等级有变化,多数-er (-est)加; 哑音e结尾,-r (-st)末尾加; 重读、闭音、单辅音,双写加-er (-est); 遇上最高级,加the莫忘记; 若见多(部分双)音节,more,most添词前。 (2)不规则变化 原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestill/bad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfurtherfarthestfurthestoldolderelderoldesteldest 2.形容词和副词比较等级的基本用法 (1)原级句型 句型例句①“as+原级+as”,在否定句中用“not so ...as”结构Lucy is not so tall as Lily.露西不如莉莉高。②倍数+as+原级+asOur school is three times as big as theirs.我们的学校是他们的三倍大。 (2)比较级句型 用法例句①双方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级+than”结构China is larger than Italy.中国比意大利大。②用于“less+原级+than”The book is less interesting than that one.这本书不如那本书有趣。③倍数+比较级+thanThe box is three times bigger than that one.这个箱子是那个的三倍大。④“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”Ourcountryisbecomingstrongerandstronger.我们的国家正变得越来越强大。⑤“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”表示“越……,就越……”Themore,thebetter.多多益善。⑥the+比较级+ofthetwo+名词复数Thetallerofthetwoboysismybrother.两个男孩中,较高的那一个是我的哥哥。 (3)最高级句型 用法例句①the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句Spring is the best season of the year.春天是一年中最好的季节。②“one of the+最高级+复数名词”表示“最……之一”She is one of the best singers in China.她是中国最优秀的歌手之一。 3.比较级、原级的修饰语 (1)当强调比较的程度时,可以在形容词或副词的比较级前使用much, a little, even, still, a lot, far, any, no等。 It is much hotter today than yesterday. 今天比昨天热得多。 My apple is a little smaller than yours. 我的苹果比你的小点儿。 Meimei did even worse than Lucy in the exam. 在这次考试中梅梅做得甚至比露西更糟。 (2)very,too,so常用来修饰原级,不能修饰比较级。 汤姆比我高很多。 (×)Tom is very taller than me. (√)Tom is much taller than me. 形容词和副词专项提升演练考点一 形容词、副词的句法功能 1.—It’s reported that Fuxing high-speed train can go as as 350 km an hour. —Wow, how amazing! A.fastest B.faster C.fast2. My deskmate is really . She likes to attend different activities after school. A.active B.quietC.lazy D.honest考点二 形容词的排列顺序 1.There are some desks in the classroom. A.nice long new B.nice new longC.long new nice D.long nice new2.Bruce’s mother is wearing . A.a nice Chinese red silk dressB.a nice red Chinese silk dressC.a Chinese nice red silk dressD.a Chinese nice silk red dress考点三 形容词变副词的方法 1. The world is changing (rapid), and we should keep up with the pace of change. 2.Ann is listening to Mr. Brown (careful). 3.Look! Ann is sitting under the tree (comfortable). 4.Bob is playing basketball (happy). 考点四 形容词、副词的比较等级 1.—Why don’t you get yourself a job? —That’s said than done. A.easy B.easierC.the easier D.the easiest2. Tony is of the three boys, but he is the tallest. A.young B.youngerC.youngest D.the youngest 参考答案考点一 1.答案:C 2.答案:A考点二 1.答案:A 2.答案:B考点三 1.答案:rapidly 2.答案:carefully 3.答案:comfortably 4.答案:happily考点四 1.答案:B 2.答案:D