外研版高考英语必修3二轮复习Module3TheViolenceofNature课件+学案+训练

Module 3 The Violence of Nature

一、背单词与词块

(一)背阅读单词——会认就行

(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)

1．hurricane n．　　　　　　　 飓风

2．lightning n.   闪电

3．thunderstorm n.   雷暴

4．tornado n.   龙卷风

5．current n.   海流；潮流

6．feather n.   羽毛

(二)背重点单词——写对才行

1．ruin vt.   毁坏

2．strike vt.& n.   (雷电、暴风雨等)袭击

3．disaster n.   灾难

4．flood n.   洪水

5．cause vt.   引起；导致

6．bury vt.   埋葬

7．damage n．& v.   损失；损害

8．previous adj.   以前的

9．worldwide adj.   全世界的

(三)背拓展单词——用准才行

1．occur vi. 发生→occurrence n．发生

2．warn v．警告→warning n．警告

3．sad adj.悲哀的；难过的→sadness n．悲伤→sadly adv.伤心地；不幸地

4．furnish v．布置家具；提供→furniture n．家具

5．thank vt.& n．感谢；谢谢→thankful_adj.感激的；感谢的→thankfully adv.感激地；满怀感激地

6．hope v．& n．希望；期望→hopeful_adj.有希望的→hopeless adj.无希望的→hopefully adv.满怀希望地；有希望地

7．erupt vt.(火山的)爆发；喷发→eruption n．(火山的)爆发；喷发

8．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的→violence_n．暴力

9．fortune n．运气；财富→fortunate adj.幸运的→unfortunate adj.不幸的→fortunately adv.幸运地；幸亏

10．luck n．运气；幸运→lucky adj.幸运的→luckily adv.幸运地；幸亏

11．experience vt.经历；体验n.经历；经验→experienced_adj.有经验的

12．act v．行动→action n．行为，行动→active adj. 积极的；活跃的→activity n．活动

13．possible adj.可能的→possibility n．可能；可能性→impossible_adj.不可能的

14．terrify vt.使十分害怕；使恐惧→terrifying adj.吓人的；可怕的→_terrified adj.很害怕的；恐惧的

[语境活用]

1．As a boy, the actor took an active part in activities after school. Now, he takes action to help poor students achieve their dreams. (act)

2．He is an experienced English teacher and has twenty years' teaching experience.(experience)

3．The terrible weather made it impossible for us to go on vacation and there is a possibility_that the trip plan would be abandoned. (possible)

4．Teachers often warn us of the danger of going swimming alone in the river, but some students ignore the warning. (warn)

5．Last night we had a discussion, which became more and more violent. Finally we reached an agreement that violence is not the first choice when conflicts happens. (violent)

(四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行

1．experience vt.经历；体验n.经历；经验

2．cause vt.引起；导致；造成n.原因；理由；目标

3．occur vi.发生；出现；存在于；出现在

(五)背短语词块——表达出彩，需多积词块才行

单元短语再认再现

1．put_out　　　　　　　　 扑灭(火)；生产；制造

2．put_down   记下；放下；镇压

3．pick_up   卷起；掀起；拾起；搭载；

   (偶然)学会；情况转好

4．take_off   去掉；脱掉；起飞；兴旺

5．take_place   发生；进行

6．in_all   总共；总计

7．on_average   平均起来

8．refer_to   指的是；谈到；涉及

9．plenty_of_   许多；大量

10．end_up_   结果为……；以……结束

11．set_fire_to   放火(焚烧)

12．catch_fire   着火

重点短语拓展用活

1．pick up卷起；掀起；拾起；接收(信号)；(偶然)学会；得到；整理；(用车)接；好转；买到

2．end up结果为……；以……结束

二、背佳句与佳作

(一)背写作佳句——多“输入”才能巧“输出”

教材内句式举一反三

1．They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was. (leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语)

它们可以毁掉房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。

2．On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.(现在分词短语作结果状语)

平均来说，美国每年发生800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡、1 500人受伤。

同主题佳句熟读成诵

1．A severe earthquake destroyed almost everything, leaving badly damaged buildings.

一场剧烈的地震几乎毁了一切，留下了严重受损的建筑物。

2．Sometimes a smile is so powerful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage.

有时候，微笑会如此有力量以至于它给遭受灾难的人以巨大的勇气。

3．The earthquake caused structural damage to most of the buildings in the town.

这次地震给城镇的大部分建筑造成了结构性的破坏。

(二)背满分作文——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”

本辑学点——感谢信(一)

[题目要求]

(2019·浙江高考)假定你是李华，经常帮助你学习英语的朋友Alex即将返回自己的国家。请给他写一封邮件，内容包括：

1．表示感谢；

2．回顾Alex对你的帮助；

3．临别祝愿。

注意：1.词数80左右；

2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

[背范文]

Dear Alex，

Hearing that you will return to your country soon, I feel a bit upset. But meanwhile, I want to send my sincere gratitude for your kind help with my English learning.

I still remember what you have devoted to improving my oral English and English writing. Besides, you also frankly shared your learning experience with me. Additionally, without your help, I would not have been a top student in English and would not have won the recent English Speech Contest. All in all, words fail to express my thankfulness to you.

I do hope that you will have a bright future and that our friendship will last forever!

Yours，

Li Hua

[学亮点]

1．学谋篇布局

2．学亮丽开头

开头先用Hearing that you will return to your country soon ...点明写信的背景及自己不舍之情。接着用send my sincere gratitude for your kind help点明写信的目的，感情真挚、诚恳。

3．学高级表达

(1)使用高级语块，如：send one's sincere gratitude for, devote ... to ..., words fail to express等。

(2)准确运用高级句式，如：现在分词作状语Hearing that you will ...; what引导的宾语从句what you have devoted to ...；虚拟语气without your help, I would not have been ...and would not have won ...；助动词do表示强调I do hope that you will have ...等。这些都为文章增色添彩，提升了文章的档次。

4．学精彩结尾

结尾先用了一个助动词do放在谓语动词hope前特意加强了语气，表达了对朋友Alex的美好祝愿。

5．学过渡衔接

衔接词but meanwhile, besides, additionally, all in all, and等的恰当运用，使得文章结构严谨，层层递进，读起来朗朗上口。

6．防微点失分

考生容易把“Hearing that you will return to your country ...”中的to漏掉，或把“I do hope that you will have a bright future and that our friendship will last forever！”中的last误认为及物动词而错用为“be lasted”，从而导致失分。

学案(一)　重点单词的查漏补缺——打牢必备知识

[全面练——练清易错微点]

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．The previous (以前的) party they gave was not as nice as this one.

2．That one mistake_ruined (毁坏) his chances of getting the job.

3．The snowstorm caused great damage_(损失) to houses and power lines.

4．When the flood(洪水) was washing the village, people screamed in fear and ran in all directions.

5．Recently the school website has set up a new column (专栏) called “English Writing”．

6．Washing machines made by China have won worldwide_(全世界的) attention and Haier has become a popular name.

Ⅱ.根据语境写出加黑部分的汉语意思

1．All the planets orbit the Sun in roughly the same plane, round its equator.赤道

2．A tropical storm hit the island, knocking out the power supply.热带的

3．Every single piece of furniture in the thirty rooms of the hotel has been handmade and each room is completely different.家具

4．At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was out of sight.挥动

5．(熟词生义)(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.发生

6．(熟词生义) If current trends don't bend, Russia's population will be about the size of Yemen's by the year 2050.现在的

Ⅲ.单句语法填空

1．Studies show that if you are interested in something, your brain is active (act).

2．China always plays an active part in fighting against natural disasters (disaster)．

3．The little boy cried sadly (sad) when his best friend moved to another city.

4.Hopefully (hopeful)，the cave will be protected and will not be damaged by visitors.

5．They studied the German market to find the possibility(possible) there for investment.

6.Luckily (lucky), he found supporting evidence from two other deaths to the novel coronavirus outbreak.

7.Fortunately (fortunate), someone who happened to be passing by called the fire department instantly the fire broke out.

8.I've told you had a narrow escape from a car accident. I think it must have been a terrifying (terrify) experience.

9.Actually，children learn violent (violence) behavior from adults or from they see on television or on the Internet.

10.Many earthquakes happen without warning (warn), so it is important to know what to do wherever you are during an earthquake.

名师点拨“一站清”

(1)位于句首且作状语的词多用副词，如：hopefully, luckily，fortunately, consequently等。

(2)名词前，常用形容词作定语，起修饰限定作用， 形容词常表示该名词的性质或状态；如果名词前用名词作定语，而作定语的名词常表示被修饰语的作用或用途，如flower shop, goods train。

(3)介词后的动词形式，多为名词或动名词。如果动词后还有名词或其他修饰语，则该动词多用动名词，如：after graduating from the college；如果动词后没有名词，则该动词常用其名词形式，如：after graduation。但有些带­ing后缀的词仅是名词，后无须再跟名词，如：warning, shopping, learning, painting等。

[重点练——深化高频考点]

1．experience

[明其义]

vt.经历；体验 n．经历；经验

[通其用]

(1)单句语法填空

①Does she have much experience (experience) of teaching?

②As to the activities, we plan to invite_experienced (experience) players to give training to us every Friday afternoon.

(2)补全句子

③(2020·天津高考书面表达)The headmaster congratulated us on stepping into the adult, reviewing the growth period that_we_had_experienced.

校长祝贺我们步入成人，回顾我们所经历的成长时期。

[解其困]

experience用作名词且作“经验”讲时，是不可数名词，作“经历，体验”讲时，是可数名词。

2．cause

[明其义]

vt.引起；导致；造成 n．原因；理由；目标

[通其用]

(1)单句语法填空

①Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to_sleep_(sleep) longer.

②(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes_(cause)．

(2)补全句子

③It has brought us a lot of benefits but has_caused_some_serious_problems_as well.

它给我们带来了许多好处，但也造成了一些严重的问题。

[解其困]

cause作名词时，意为“原因(＝reason)，事业(＝career)，目标(＝goal/aim/target)”。

3．bury　

[明其义]

vt.埋葬；掩埋；使陷入；使专心

[通其用]

(1)单句语法填空

①Burying (bury) e­waste or burning it cause serious problems for the environment.

②After finishing my homework, I wandered into the dining room where you were buried in piles of law books.

(2)句式升级

③Because she buried herself in the film, she didn't know it was snowing outside.

→Buried_in_the_film,_she didn't know it was snowing outside. (过去分词短语作状语)

→Burying_herself_in_the_film,_she didn't know it was snowing outside. (现在分词短语作状语)

[解其困]

表示“专注于；致力于；埋头于”的短语还有：

①be absorbed in　②be devoted to＝devote oneself to

③be occupied with＝occupy oneself with/in doing

④focus on　⑤concentrate on　⑥fix one's attention on

4．occur　

[明其义]　vi.发生；出现；存在于；出现在

[通其用]

单句语法填空

①A good idea occurred to me when I woke up this morning.

②It occurred to me to_go (go) to attend a meeting when I was about to go home.

③Now it occurred (occur) to him that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.

[解其困]

(1)occur是不及物动词，所以不能带宾语，也不能用于被动语态。

(2)occur的过去式和过去分词形式要双写最后一个辅音字母，即occurred。

学案(二)　词块、句式的活学活用——强化关键能力

[词块的验收盘点]

Ⅰ.词块点点练——选词填空

put out， put down， pick up， take off， take place， end up， refer to， in all， on average， plenty of

1.To keep fit, students must take plenty_of_exercise.

2.Ten minutes late, the firemen came and put_out the fire.

3.The Olympic Games take_place every four years on a regular basis.

4．Please let me know how much money my son owed you in_all.

5．On_average,_my son spends one hour doing his homework every night.

6.It was not until she took_off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.

7．Jason ended_up singing a beautiful song at the party although he refused to sing at first.

8.Not only have you_referred_to many calligraphy books, but also you have consulted some calligraphy masters.

9．When you have a meal with Chinese friends, you're supposed to_pick_up the bowl and use the chopsticks.

10.Finding a boy struggling in the river, I_put_down my schoolbag and jumped into the river to save him without taking off my clothes.

名师点拨“一站清”

(1)plenty of既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。

(2)put out的常见意思有“扑灭；生产；出版”。

(3)take place 不可以用于被动语态。

(4)take off的常见意思有“起飞，脱下”，还可以表示“突然成功”。

(5)refer to中的to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。

(6)put down的常见意思有“降落；写下；放下；镇压”，还可以表示“使(当众)出丑”。

Ⅱ.易错对对碰——辨析比较

1．pick up VS take up

2.take place VS happen

Ⅲ.多义比比看——一词多义

(写出下列各句中pick up的含义)

①The school bus picks up the children three times every day.(用车)接

②The equipment picked up the signal from the satellite.接收(信号)

③He picked up some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris. (偶然)学会

④My friend began to pick up after staying in hospital for several days. 好转，恢复

⑤The twin sisters were shopping for hours on Women's Day and managed to pick up bags of bargains.买到

[句式的验收盘点]

leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语

[通其用]

补全句子

①They went off together and left_me_sitting_there.

他们一起走了，留下我坐在那里。

②You'd better leave_both_the_doors_and_the_windows_open.

你最好让门和窗都开着。

③I can't leave_such_an_important_matter_undone/unfinished.

我不能让这样一件重要的事半途而废。

④We can't_leave_the_light_on when leaving.

我们离开时不能让灯开着。

[解其困]

(1)leave用作使役动词，常跟复合结构，有以下构成方式：

①leave＋宾语＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语

②leave＋宾语＋分词

③leave＋宾语＋不定式

④leave＋宾语＋where引导的地点状语从句/as引导的方式状语从句

(2)在leave的复合结构中，宾语补足语为现在分词时，通常表示主动、进行的动作；宾语补足语为过去分词时，通常表示被动、完成的动作；宾语补足语为不定式时，通常表示将来发生的动作。

学案(三)　高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养

(2020新高考全国卷Ⅰ·完形填空)对接主题：自然灾害与防范，安全常识与自我保护

(一)精读真题——拓展语言能力　(语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法)

[1]Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands① which became his second __21__. He learned the value and beauty of __22__ there from a very young age.

[2]When he was 16, Molai began to notice something __23__happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the __24__ it caused had driven away a number of birds. __25__， the number of snakes had declined as well. He __26__ that it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them from the __27__②. The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek __28__ during the daytime. He turned to the __29__ department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and __30__ a nearby island where he began to plant trees.

[3]__31__ young plants in the dry season③ was __32__ for a lone boy. Molai built at the __33__ of each sapling (幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to __34__ rainwater. The water would then drip (滴落) on the plants below.

[4]Molai __35__ to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally­grown land that has become home④ to many plants and animals.

［析微点·厚积语言基础］

①微技法——合成词猜测词义：adj.＋n.→n.

wet (adj.潮湿的)＋land (n.土地)→wetland n．湿地；沼泽地

②微技法——“瞻前顾后”结合常识解题

有的完形填空题目解答需瞻前顾后，综合语境信息解答。文中第27题可以根据下句中的“during the daytime”再结合常识得出正确选项。

③微积累——表示季节的词语集锦：

the dry season　　　　　　旱季

the rain season  雨季

the plum rain season  梅雨季节

the dog days  三伏天；酷热期

④微积累——熟词生义：home

n．家；住所；家乡(熟义)

n．栖息地；生息地(生义)

be home to　……的栖息地

[理脉络——内化读文规律]

(二)解析真题——感悟素养立意　

[考什么·怎么考——真题再做]

21．A.dream　　　　　　　 B．job

C．home  D．choice

解析：选C　文章首句提到Molai在一个小村庄长大，结合语境可知，此处表示一些湿地变成了他的第二个家(home)。

22．A.nature  B．youth

C．culture  D．knowledge

解析：选A　根据上文提到的湿地和下文讲述的Molai为保护动物而种树可知，这里指的是在很小的年纪，他就知道了大自然(nature)的价值和美丽。

23．A.precious  B．interesting

C．disturbing  D．awkward

解析：选C　根据下文表述的洪水发生后，鸟和蛇的数量都减少了可知，这里指的是他家周围发生了一些令人不安的(disturbing)事情。

24．A.waste  B．tension

C．pain  D．damage

解析：选D　根据语境和空后的“it caused”可知，这里指的是洪水袭击了该地区，造成的破坏(damage)使许多鸟类被迫离开。

25．A.Besides  B．However

C．Therefore  D．Otherwise

解析：选A　空前提到鸟的数量减少了，空后提到蛇的数量也减少了，故此处用Besides(此外)。

26．A.agreed  B．realized

C．remembered  D．predicted

解析：选B　根据语境可知，这里指的是他意识到(realized)这是因为没有足够的树木来为它们提供保护。

27．A.noise  B．heat

C．disease  D．dust

解析：选B　根据下句中的“during the daytime”并结合常识可知，这里指的是没有足够的树木来保护这些动物免受高温(heat)的伤害。

28．A.directions  B．partners

C．help  D．shelter

解析：选D　根据空前的“plant trees”及语境可知，解决方法是种树，以便于这些动物在白天可以寻求到庇护(shelter)。

29．A.labor  B．police

C．forest  D．finance

解析：选C　根据上文提到的解决方法是种树以及下文中的“for help but was told that nothing would grow there”可知，他向林业部门求助。forest“林区，森林”，符合语境。

30．A.rebuilt  B．discovered

C．left  D．managed

解析：选B　根据空前的“Molai went looking on his own”以及空后的“a nearby island where he began to plant trees”可知，此处表示他发现(discovered)了一个附近的岛屿，他可以在那儿植树。

31．A.Decorating  B．Observing

C．Watering  D．Guarding

解析：选C　根据下文中的“The water would then drip (滴落) on the plants below.”及语境可知，这里指的是在旱季给小树浇水，故用Watering。

32．A.tough  B．illegal

C．fantastic  D．beneficial

解析：选A　根据空后的“for a lone boy”可知，对这个男孩来说，独自一个人在旱季给小树浇水是艰难的(tough)。

33．A.back  B．top

C．foot  D．side

解析：选B　根据下文中的“The water would then drip(滴落) on the plants below.”可知，他是在每棵幼树的顶部(top)搭建了一个竹子制成的平台。

34．A.cool down  B．keep off

C．purify  D．collect

解析：选D　根据空前的“where he placed earthen pots with small holes”和空后的“rainwater”以及“The water”可知，他在竹子平台上放置了带有小孔的陶罐来收集(collect)雨水。

35．A.returned  B．learned

C．failed  D．continued

解析：选D　根据空后的“to plant trees for the next 37 years”以及下文可知，他在接下来的37年中继续(continued)植树。

[为什么考·有何价值——导向解读]

一、发展思维品质

文中第33题主要考查学生的逻辑性思维。根据下文中的“The water would then drip (滴落) on the plants below.”可以迅速地确定装置是放在每棵幼树的顶部，他是在每棵幼树的顶部(top)搭建了一个竹子制成的平台。back“背面，后面”；top“顶部”；foot“底部”；side“旁边，侧面”。

二、聚焦核心价值

本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了印度人Molai从小就意识到大自然的珍贵与美丽，在发现洪灾给动物带来了危害之后，他坚持长年植树造林改善环境。他的付出为许多植物和动物创造了新的家园。文章旨在弘扬Molai植树造林改善环境的无私精神，与此同时也在倡导人们关注自然生态和保护环境，意在提高人们与自然和谐共处的意识。

(三)借力真题——发掘学习能力　

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．It is important to protect my fair skin from the sun.

2．It suddenly hit me that I had left my keys behind.

3．The report says lack of water may result in several problems.

4．Wet books should be_placed (place) on end (竖着) with their pages kept apart.

5．Traveling around and seeing so much happening (happen) in the world around us is a wonderful experience.

Ⅱ.补全句子

1．John's rudeness soon drove Monica's friends away (赶走)．

2．As we all know, China is_home_to (……的栖息地) pandas.

3．When his parents died he had to learn to live on_his_own (独立地)．

Ⅲ.分析长难句

1．He realized that it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them from the heat.

[句式解构]　本句是一个含有一个宾语从句和一个表语从句的主从复合句。主句的主语是He，谓语动词是realized。其中that引导宾语从句，because引导表语从句。

[句意翻译]　他意识到这是因为没有足够的树木来保护它们免受高温的伤害。

2．Molai built at the top of each sapling (幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to collect rainwater.

[句式解构]　本句是一个含有定语从句的复合句。主句的主语是Molai，谓语动词是built。where引导非限制性定语从句，对“a bamboo platform”进行补充说明；“with small holes”作定语修饰pots；不定式短语“to collect rainwater”作目的状语。

[句意翻译]　Molai在每棵幼树的顶部建造了一个竹子做成的平台，在平台上他放置了带有小孔的陶罐来收集雨水。

Ⅳ.语法填空

Molai grew up in a tiny village near some wetlands in India, 1.which became his second home. He learned the value and beauty of nature there from a very young age.

When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 2.disturbing (disturb) happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven 3.away a number of birds. Besides，the number of snakes had declined as well. He realized 4.that it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them from the heat. The solution, of course, was 5.to_plant (plant) trees so the animals could seek shelter during the daytime. He turned to the forest department for help but 6.was_told (tell) that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went 7.looking (look) on his own and discovered a nearby island where he began to plant trees.

8．Watering (water) young plants in the dry season was tough for a lone boy. Molai built at 9.the top of each sapling a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to collect rainwater. The water would then drip on the plants below.

Molai continued to plant trees for the next 37 years. His 10.efforts (effort) have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally­grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.

Ⅴ.主题语境写作

两个月前，你注意到你居住的社区有人乱扔垃圾，你为此向相关部门反映，并利用空闲时间在社区内开展宣传活动，社区环境得到了极大的改善，请就此场景写一篇小短文。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考范文：

Two months ago, I noticed that there were some people littering in our community. Therefore, I reported it to the relevant departments and at the same time I spared my free time to carry out various activities to call for the citizens to take care of our living environment.To my great delight, the relevant departments paid attention to the situation and took a series of measures and all the citizens were all very active in protecting our living environment. Gradually, the community environment has been greatly improved.

课下主题训练  自然灾害与防范，安全常识与自我保护

Ⅰ.阅读理解

Fires sweeping across the Amazon rainforest recently have been making the headlines as scientists and environmental groups are worried that they will worsen climate change crisis and endanger biodiversity (生态多样性)．

As the largest rainforest in the world, the Amazon rainforest is often called “the lungs of the world”．It is also home to about 3 million species of plants and animals, and 1 million local people.The vast area of rainforest plays an important role in the world's ecosystem because it absorbs heat instead of reflecting heat back into the atmosphere.It also stores carbon dioxide and produces oxygen, ensuring that less carbon is released, reducing the effects of climate change.

“Any destruction of forest is a danger to biodiversity and the people who use that biodiversity，”Thomas Lovejoy, an ecologist at George Mason University told National Geographic.“The great danger is that a lot of carbon goes into the atmosphere，”he stressed.“In the midst of the global climate crisis, we cannot afford more damage to a major source of oxygen and biodiversity.The Amazon rainforest must be protected，” UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres said.

Data from the National Institute for Space Research show that a total of 71,497 forest fires were registered in Brazil in the first 8 months of 2019, up from 39,194 in the same period in 2018.“We estimate that the forest areas in the Brazilian Amazon have decreased by 20 to 30 percent compared to the last 12 months，” Carlos Nobre, a researcher at the University of Sao Paulo, told German broadcaster Deutsche Welle.

Brazil owns about 60 percent of the Amazon rainforest whose degradation(恶化)could have severe consequences for global climate.The extent of the area ruined by fires has yet to be determined, but the emergency has gone beyond Brazil's borders.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了雨林火灾造成严重的后果以及保护亚马孙热带雨林的紧急性。

1．What is the second paragraph mainly about?

A．The great role of the Amazon rainforest.

B．The effects of consistent climate change.

C．The causes of the decreasing biodiversity.

D．The results of the Amazon rainforest fires.

解析：选A　段落大意题。根据第二段第一句和第三句可知，亚马孙热带雨林被称为“地球之肺”，广袤的雨林在世界生态系统中扮演着重要的角色。由此可知，第二段主要讲亚马孙雨林的重要作用。故选A项。

2．Why does the author mention the figures in the fourth paragraph?

A．To explain the process of the research.

B．To present the bad influence of forest fires.

C．To prove the great importance of the rainforest.

D．To show the urgency of protecting the rainforest.

解析：选D　写作意图题。根据第四段第一句可知，巴西森林火灾的数量2018年前8个月是39 194,2019年前8个月是71 497。再根据第二句可知，巴西亚马孙河流域的森林面积比过去12个月减少了20%到30%。最后再根据第三段最后一句中的“The Amazon rainforest must be protected”和最后一段最后一句可推知，作者提到第四段中的数字是为了说明保护雨林的紧急性。

3．What does the author want to tell us in the passage?

A．The dry weather leads to the rainforest fires.

B．The biodiversity makes the rainforest unique.

C．The rainforest fires result in serious consequences.

D．The global climate crisis brings more rainforest fires.

解析：选C　主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句可知，雨林火灾威胁生物多样性和人类生活；再根据最后一段第一句可知，巴西拥有大约60%的亚马孙雨林，其恶化会对全球气候有严重后果。由此可推知，作者旨在告诉我们，雨林火灾会造成严重后果。

4．Which section of a newspaper might this passage probably be taken from?

A．Culture and life.　　　 B．Nature and geography.

C．Humankind and society.  D．Science and technology.

解析：选B　文章出处题。根据第一段中的“they will worsen climate change crisis and endanger biodiversity (生态多样性)”和第二段第三句并结合全文内容可知，本文讲述的是亚马孙雨林火灾及其严重后果，所以本文最有可能摘自报纸的自然地理部分。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

Where do hurricane names come from? Why do we give human names to violent, mindless masses of water and wind? And how do we all agree which name to use?

Before the 1940s, only the worst storms were given names. __1__ There was the Sea Islands Hurricane of 1893, the Great Galveston Hurricane of 1900 and the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935 to name a few.

The practice of using more memorable names didn't begin until 1950. It was when Atlantic tropical hurricanes received official names, although they still weren't human ones. __2__So the 1950 season featured such strangely named storms as Hurricane Dog, Hurricane Easy and Hurricane Love.

__3__The same list of names was recycled every year, so the 1950－1952 seasons each featured a Hurricane Able through at least Hurricane Fox. That became confusing, so in 1953 the US National Hurricane Center began using female human names, which proved far more successful. Not only did it make storm identification easier, but it helped authorities and news outlets spread warnings. __4__

The first hurricane names were often inspired by forecasters' wives, but in 1979 men's names were added to the mix. The World Meteorological Organization now monitors the master list of names, which alternates between male and females six lists are rotated annually in the Atlantic.So the 2015 names will be used again in 2021. __5__ Seventy­eight Atlantic hurricane names have been retired since 1954, including 29 since 2000.

A．Besides, it helped the public pay attention to them.

B．These names were chosen from some familiar words.

C．This naming rule, however, had an obvious weakness.

D．These names of retired hurricanes are silly or unreasonable.

E．But when a hurricane is bad enough, its name can be retired.

F．They were usually based on the place or time of year they made landfall.

G．It is also easier to use names when we have more than one storm to track.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种给飓风命名的方式。

1．选F　根据空后一句可知，这些飓风都是根据时间或地点来命名的，承接下文，F选项“它们通常是根据它们一年中登陆的地点或时间来确定的。”符合语境。故选F项。

2．选B　根据空前两句和空后一句可知，飓风狗、飓风易和飓风爱(Dog、Easy和Love很熟悉常见)都是选用熟悉的词命名的，承接上下文，B选项“这些名字是从一些熟悉的词中选出来的。”符合语境。故选B项。

3．选C　根据下文可知，选用熟悉的词给飓风命名，会产生有“许多相同名字飓风”的弱点，这让人们很困惑，这不利于识别飓风和发出警报，所以才出现了用女性人名命名的方式(有利于识别飓风和发出警报)，承接下文，C选项“然而，这个命名规则有一个明显的弱点。”符合语境。故选C项。

4．选A　根据空前一句可知，上下两句讲飓风用女性人名命名的好处，上下两句之间是顺承递进关系，承接上文，A选项“此外，它也有助于公众对它们的关注。”符合语境。故选A项。

5．选E　根据空后一句可知，承接下文，E选项“但是当飓风够糟糕的时候，它的名字可以注销。”符合语境；E项中的retired对应下文的retired，同词复现。故选E项。

Ⅲ.短文改错

My hometown is a small city in Southwest China, that is surrounded by rolling green mountains. A river runs across it, with various kinds of trees lined both banks. In spring fruit trees all blossom at the same time, spreading sweetly fragrance all around the city. In summer smaller boats are floating on the river, and the sound of the running water accompanying the laughters of children can be heard from far away. Although it rains a lot, but the climate is very mild. People here were warm­hearted and straightforward. It's good place to spend hot summer days. I love it from the bottom of her heart.

答案：第一句：that→which

第二句：across→through; lined→lining

第三句：sweetly→sweet

第四句：smaller→small; laughters→laughter

第五句：去掉but或but→still/yet

第六句：were→are

第七句：good前加a

第八句：her→my

Ⅳ.书面表达

假定你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以“我最喜爱的一本书”为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：

1．该书简介；

2．喜爱的原因。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2．短文题目已为你写好，不计入总词数。

My Favourite Book

参考范文：

My Favourite Book

Of all the books I have read, I love A Dream of the Red Mansions most.

It is my favorite not because it was written by Cao Xueqin, a famous novelist in Qing Dynasty. Rather, I deeply value the book and have read it over 10 times, firstly, for the moving love story between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu. Besides, if given enough patience and devotion, the novel will also reveal the rise and decline of a famous royal family to its readers. What I also enjoy about the book is its language and writing style of Cao Xueqin, which had a profound effect on the writers of his times and later generations.

All in all, A Dream of the Red Mansions has won my heart and I am convinced that it deserves yours too.