外研版高考英语必修3二轮复习Module4SandstormsinAsia课件+学案+训练

这是一份外研版高考英语必修3二轮复习Module4SandstormsinAsia课件+学案+训练，文件包含2022高考英语一轮复习Module4SandstormsinAsia课件外研版必修3ppt、2022高考英语一轮复习Module4SandstormsinAsia学案外研版必修3doc、2022高考英语一轮复习Module4人与环境人与动植物训练含解析外研版必修3doc等3份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共60页， 欢迎下载使用。
Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia一、背单词与词块(一)背阅读单词——会认就行(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)1．sandstorm n．　　　　　　　 沙尘暴2．inland adj.    内地的；内陆的3．mass adj.   大量的；大规模的4．campaign n.   战役；活动5．dune n.   沙丘6．mask n.   面罩 (二)背重点单词——写对才行1．process_n.  进程；过程 2．forecast_vt.  预报；预告 3．citizen n.  公民；市民4．recycle v.  重新利用；再循环 5．garbage n.  废料；垃圾 (三)背拓展单词——用准才行1．coast n．海岸；海滨→coastal_adj. 沿海的2．dust n．沙尘；灰尘→dusty adj.布满灰尘的3．cycle vi. 骑自行车→cyclist n．骑自行车的人4．evident adj.明显的→evidence_n．根据；证明5．complain vi.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n．抱怨 6．environment n. 环境→environmental adj.环境的7．major adj.主要的；多数的vi.主修→majority n．大多数 8．pollute vt.污染→pollution n．污染→pollutant n．污染物9．protect vt.保护→protection n．保护→protective adj.保护的；防护的10．chemistry n．化学→chemical n. 化学药品→chemist n．化学家，药剂师11．scare v．使害怕，吓跑→scary adj. 恐怖的；吓人的→scared adj.害怕的12．urge vt.催促；极力主张→urgent adj.紧急的→urgency_n．紧急情况13．strong adj.强壮的；坚强的→strength n．力量；力气→strengthen vt.加强14．fright n．害怕；恐惧→frighten vt.使害怕→frightening adj.吓人的；可怕的→frightened adj.害怕的 15．absolute adj.绝对的；完全的→absoluteness n．绝对；完全→absolutely adv. 绝对地；完全地 16．concern n．& vt.关心；担心；与……相关→concerned adj.关心的；担心的；有关的→concerning prep.关于；就……而言 [语境活用]1．These tress need your protection,_so your protective_measures can protect them from being damaged. (protect)2．Knowing our strength is very important. But the most important is to strengthen the ties with the people around us.(strength)3．The horror movie frightened me to death when I thought about the frightening plot. That is to say, I was very frightened. (fright)4．The teacher urged_that the students should be taught how to take urgent action in urgency.(urgent)5．Our parents are more concerned about our health and future. As far as I'm concerned,_we should talk with our parents and tell them our concerns.(concern) (四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行 1．concerned adj.关心的；担心的；有关的 背词条用法(1)as/so far as ... be concerned　　就……而言be concerned about/for  关心；挂念be concerned with/in ...  牵扯进/参与……(2)show/express one's concern about/for对……表示关心/担心背写作佳句①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)As far as I'm concerned，we must get fully prepared and practice hard in order to perform well in the match.我认为，为了在比赛中表现出色，我们必须充分准备，刻苦训练。②(2020·浙江高考写作)And I'm writing to show our genuine concern for your health.我写信来表达我们对您健康的真诚的关心。③(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.报告指出，许多父母仍然限制电子阅读，主要是因为担心屏幕时间增加。 2．urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的 背词条用法urge sb.to do/into doing sth.　力劝/敦促某人做某事urge that ...(should) do sth.  极力主张；强烈要求It is urged that ...(should) do sth.　坚决要求……背写作佳句①I can't go shopping with you because something urgent has happened.因为发生了紧急的事情，我不能和你一起去购物了。②My ambition to be a doctor always urged me to study very hard.我想成为一名医生的志向总是激励我努力学习。③He urged that much of the poverty be wiped out.他敦促消除大部分的贫困。 (五)背短语词块——表达出彩，需多积词块才行单元短语再认再现1．take_in　　　　　　　　 吸收；欺骗；理解2．take_away   取走；拿走3．cut_down   砍倒；削减；缩小4．give_out_   放出；发出5．put_..._into_...   把……放进……6．be_caught_in   突然遭遇(风暴等)；被困住；遇到7．look_through   浏览；翻阅；快速查看8．as_a_result_of   由于……的原因/结果9．wake_up_to   醒来面对；意识到10．have_a_bad_effect_on   对……有坏影响11．one_after_another   一个接一个地12．in_a_nutshell   简言之；概括地讲 重点短语拓展用活1．cut down砍倒；削减；缩小 背相关短语cut in　　　　　打断(谈话)，超车cut up  切碎；切开cut off  停止，中断(供给)；中断(电话通话等)cut back on  削减，减少背写作佳句①Besides, many trees are being cut down, making many animals lose their homes. 此外，许多树木被砍伐，使许多动物失去它们的家园。②I would turn off the TV rather than switch off my cell phone or cut off the internet.我宁愿关掉电视，也不愿关掉手机或切断网络。③I call on every student to do our part to cut back on the use of plastic bags.我呼吁每个学生尽自己的一份力量来减少塑料袋的使用。 2．take in吸收；收留；包括；理解；领会；欺骗 背相关短语take off　　　　　脱去(衣服等)；(飞机等)起飞；成功take on  呈现；雇用；承担take up  拿起；开始从事；占据(时间、空间等)take care of  照顾，照料take ...into consideration　　　考虑……take ...for example  以……为例背写作佳句①Hopefully you will take my suggestion into consideration.希望你能考虑我的建议。②(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I advise you to learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance, which will help you better take in the poems to be learned.我建议你提前了解唐代的历史，这会帮助你更好地理解你要学的诗歌。 二、背佳句与佳作(一)背写作佳句——多“输入”才能巧“输出”教材内句式举一反三1．They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.(so ... that ...引导结果状语从句)它们通常很浓厚，以至于你连太阳都看不见，风力有时强到可以移动沙丘。 佳句①(2019·天津高考)Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion unless he wants their support.汤姆如此独立，以至于他从来都不征求父母的意见，除非他想得到父母的支持。佳句②I am so sorry that I won't be able to attend the lecture on American history tomorrow afternoon. 非常抱歉，明天下午我不能参加美国历史的讲座了。 2．The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.[“make it＋adj./n.＋(for sb.)＋to do ...”结构，it作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语] 暴风有时持续一整天，车辆开得很慢，因为浓浓的尘埃降低了能见度。 佳句①We should make it a duty to protect our environment.我们应该把保护环境作为一种责任。佳句②The volunteers cleared away the snow on the street to make it safe for people to walk on.志愿者清除街道上的积雪，使人们在上面安全行走。佳句③In addition，every student can be in harmony with foreign friends, which makes it easy for you to get along with them.此外，每个学生都会与外国朋友和谐相处，这使你很容易与他们相处。 同主题佳句熟读成诵1．Many people worry that our energy will run out quickly if we use it in an unchecked way. 许多人担心，如果不控制能源的使用的话，我们的能源将会很快被耗尽。2．There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activities that have caused this global warming.毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和，全球变暖正是人类活动所致。3．Having realized the importance of protecting the environment, the local farmers tried their best to keep the balance of nature.意识到保护环境的重要性后，当地的农民尽他们最大的努力来保持自然的平衡。 (二)背满分作文——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”本辑学点——感谢信(二)[题目要求]假定你是李华，今年春节去新西兰度假一周。你的朋友Luke招待了你。请给他写一封信，表示感谢，内容包括：1．你玩得很开心；2．谢谢他的招待；3．邀请他来中国旅游。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 [背范文]Dear Luke, I'm writing to convey my heartfelt gratitude to you for your kind help and tender care during my stay in New Zealand, without which I couldn't have enjoyed myself so much.During the week, the comfortable accommodation, delicious meals and your friendly family members all made me feel warm, leaving me everlasting memories. Furthermore, guided by you I was honored to have the chance to visit places of interest and be exposed to a unique culture as well as beautiful scenery. It was your generous help that enabled me to have a better understanding of your country.Thanks again for your kind help and I'm sincerely looking forward to showing you around in China in the near future. All the best wishes to you.Yours，Li Hua[学亮点]1．学高级表达(1)使用高级词汇和语块，如：convey one's heartfelt gratitude to, everlasting, furthermore, be honored to, be exposed to, show sb. around等。(2)准确运用复杂句式结构，如：非限制性定语从句without which I couldn't have enjoyed myself so much；现在分词短语作状语leaving me everlasting memories；过去分词短语作状语guided by you；强调句型It was your generous help that enabled ...等。这些高级表达为文章增色不少，也彰显了考生扎实的语言功底。2．学精彩结尾结尾先用Thanks again for ...再次表示感谢，体现了感情的真挚，然后用I'm sincerely looking forward to showing ...诚恳地邀请朋友来中国旅游。最后表达了祝愿。3．防微点失分考生容易在“During the week, the comfortable accommodation, ...all made me feel warm ...”中的feel前加上动词不定式符号to，或把“Furthermore, guided by you I was honored ...be exposed to a unique culture as well as beautiful scenery.”中的a误用成an，从而导致失分。学案(一)　重点单词的查漏补缺——打牢必备知识 [全面练——练清易错微点]Ⅰ.单词拼写1．The kids were all wearing masks (面罩)．2．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)The plum trees are the first to flower even as the snow is melting (融化)．3．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)I'm telling them they can't open what they absolutely (绝对地) know is a door.4．We can make plans ahead according to the weather forecast(预报)．5．I hold to my belief that development shouldn't be at the cost of the environment_(环境)．6．(2019·江苏高考)To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens (公民) started to use smart phones.Ⅱ.根据语境写出加黑部分的汉语意思1．One thing to remember is that it's the process not the end product that matters.过程2．In northern China during spring big sandstorms often make trouble for people.沙尘暴3．(2020·江苏高考)There will still be lots of challenges if we are to classify garbage in a short time.垃圾 4．Armed with this knowledge，they're able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people.活动5．The Atlantic has, in a sense, replaced the Mediterranean as the inland sea of Western civilization.内陆的6．Desertification is the gradual and dangerous degradation of productive land into useless desert.沙漠化7．(熟词生义)(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Recognize all of your strengths.Write them down in a journal.优点8．(熟词生义)(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.聚集Ⅲ.单句语法填空1．The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took masses (mass) of pictures of them. 2.Convenient as plastic bags are for people, they will cause white pollution (pollute)．3.With no one to turn to in such a frightening (frighten) situation, she felt very helpless.4．Qingdao is a most beautiful coastal (coast) city and I think I'll go there for a second time.5．Only when you have obtained enough evidence can you come to a sound conclusion (conclude)．6．As Zhong Nanshan puts it, a surgical mask is enough if one uses it for daily protection (protect)．名师点拨“一站清”(1)英语中以“­te”结尾的动词变成名词时，常去掉e，再加­ion。(2)名词后加“­en”后缀，可以变成动词，如frighten, strengthen, soften, broaden等。 [重点练——深化高频考点]1．concerned[明其义]adj.关心的；担心的；有关的[通其用](1)单句语法填空①The opinion concerning (concern) this hot topic varies from person to person. ②Housing problem has become one of the biggest concerns (concern) for people in big cities. ③Parents should keep in touch with their children now and then, and be_concerned (concern) about their psychological demands.(2)翻译句子④就我而言，没有什么比健康更重要。As_far_as_I_am_concerned,_nothing_is_more_important_than_being_healthy. [解其困]concerned作形容词用作前置定语时，意为“关心的；担忧的”，如：a concerned look“关切的神色”；作后置定语时，意为“有关的；相关的”，如：the authorities concerned“有关当局”。2．urgent　[明其义]　adj.紧急的；迫切的[通其用](1)单句语法填空①Only when we are aware of the urgency (urgent) of doing best today can we boost a better tomorrow. ②As part of domestic modernization, public transportation needs to be developed urgently_(urgent) in China. ③I really hope the suggestions from your readers can be helpful in solving the urgent (urgency) problem.(2)补全句子④To begin with, it_is_urgent_to_create nature reserves. 首先，迫在眉睫的是建立自然保护区。⑤The President urged_that_all_Party_members_unite to strive for comprehensively building a well­off society.主席敦促全体党员团结起来，为全面建成小康社会而奋斗。 学案(二)　词块、句式的活学活用——强化关键能力 [词块的验收盘点]Ⅰ.词块点点练——选词填空take in，take away，cut down，give out，be caught in，look through，as a result of，have a bad effect on1.I saw a man giving_out_handbills in the street this morning. 2．Even when the roses were taken_away,_the smell lingered on in the room.3.Even though the computer games had_a_bad_effect_on him, he still went his own way.4．My time was limited and I just looked_through my notes before the examination. 5.To our disappointment, we were late for the World Cup Final as we were_caught_in the traffic jam. 6．The rainforest is being cut_down at high speeds and it may disappear from the earth one day. 7．I wanted to have a good rest because recently I often felt tired as_a_result_of my heavy study burden. 8.It's said that non­smokers who take_in the air polluted by tobacco smoke suffer more than the smokers themselves.名师点拨“一站清”(1)give out除了“分发，发出”，还有“用完”之意。(2)have a ...effect on 相当于have a ...influence on, 意为“对……有……的影响”。(3)be caught in意为“遭遇，陷入”，而不是“被抓住”的意思。(4)take in有“吸收，领会，欺骗，改小”等多种意思，注意其在不同的语境中的运用。 Ⅱ.易错对对碰——辨析比较1．give out VS give off VS give away 比较①The wild flowers give_off/out_a nice smell.②He gave_away the secret through carelessness. ③The teacher gave_out the examination papers.辨清(1)在表示“发出”光、热、声音、气味等，give out与give off常可换用。但give out还有“分发，用完，垮掉，失灵，公布”等意思。(2)give away主要表示“赠送，泄露，颁发”等意思，在表示“颁发”时，可与give out换用。 2．look through VS look over 比较①We must look_over_the house before we decide to rent it. ②Scott and his wife usually look_through morning newspapers before breakfast.辨清look through可以指“粗略快速地看，浏览”，也可以指“彻底仔细地检查(多用look sth. through结构)”，此时，可与look over“仔细地看，检查”换用。但look through还可以指“看穿，识破”。 Ⅲ.多义比比看——一词多义(写出下列各句中take in的含义)①He managed to rent a big enough house to take in some homeless people.收留②While reading popular science books，we can take in more basic knowledge.吸收③The United Kingdom takes in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.包括④Lacking necessary social experience, teenagers tend to be taken in by cheaters.欺骗⑤Before you translate a sentence, you should first take in the meaning of the words.理解 [句式的验收盘点]so ... that ...引导结果状语从句[通其用]1．句式升级(用so ...that ...升级)①Keeping a learning diary every day is important and I would like to introduce it to you.→Keeping a learning diary every day_is_so_important_that_I would like to introduce it to you.2．句式转换(用such ...that ...转换)②Dalian is so attractive that lots of tourists visit the city every year. →Dalian is such_an_attractive_place_that lots of tourists visit the city every year.3．一句多译他进步很快，老师们对他感到很满意。③He_has_made_great_progress_and_the_teachers_are_pleased_with_him.(简单句)④The_progress_he_has_made_is_so_great_that_the_teachers_are_pleased_with_him.(so ...that ...)⑤He_has_made_such_great_progress_that_the_teachers_are_pleased_with_him.(such ...that ...)⑥So_great_has_the_progress_been_made_by_him_that_the_the_teachers_are_pleased_with_him. (so位于句首的倒装句)⑦Such_great_progress_has_he_made_that_the_teachers_are_pleased_with_him. (such位于句首的倒装句)[解其困](1)so＋(2)such＋(3)当so＋形容词/副词及such ...放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。学案(三)　高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养 2019浙江6月高考·阅读理解C篇——对接课标主题：人与环境、人与动植物(一)精读真题——拓展语言能力　(语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法) [1]California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor (因素)．[2]The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared① or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.[3]Many factors contributed to② the decline,  said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted③ big trees.  Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources (资源)．[4]But  one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.[5]The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall,  air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt (融雪)．[6]Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up④ water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.［析微点·厚积语言基础］①微积累——熟词生义：spareadj.空闲的；闲置的；备用的v．留出；拔出；省出(熟义)v．幸免；使逃脱(生义)②通多义——contribute to促进；有助于；撰稿；捐献③微点拨——名词动用：targetn．　　目标；指标v.  把……作为攻击目标通句式——句子(1)中“in comparing ...2010”为介词短语作状语，that引导定语从句修饰先行词“a widespread death of big trees”。④微积累——drive短语drive up　　抬高，使上升drive down  压低；使下跌drive away  驱车离开；赶跑　 [理脉络——内化读文规律] (二)解析真题——感悟素养立意　[考什么·怎么考——真题再做]27．What is the second paragraph mainly about?A．The seriousness of big­tree loss in California.B．The increasing variety of California big trees.C．The distribution of big trees in California forests.D．The influence of farming on big trees in California.解析：选A　段落大意题。根据第二段中的“The number of trees ...declined by 50 percent ... more than 55 percent ...75 percent.”提到的数字可知，该段主要描述了加利福尼亚州森林中大树急剧减少的严重性，故选A。28．Which of the following is well­intentioned but may be bad for big trees?A．Ecological studies of forests.B．Banning woodcutting.C．Limiting housing development.D．Fire control measures.解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Aggressive wildfire control ...compete with big trees for resources (资源)．”可知，声势浩大的野外火灾控制措施虽然一定程度上保护了森林，但同时也导致小树泛滥，与大树竞争资源，从而导致大树数量减少，故选D。29．What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?A．Inadequate snowmelt.　 B．A longer dry season.C．A warmer climate.  D．Dampness of the air.解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures”可知，McIntyre认为水资源短缺的主要原因是逐渐上升的气温，故选C。30．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?B．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California SoonC．Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?D．Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California解析：选A　标题归纳题。阅读全文可知，文章主要介绍了美国加利福尼亚州森林中大树数量急剧减少的现象，并分析了其原因。因此A项能很好地概括全文。 [为什么考·有何价值——导向解读]一、发展思维品质文中第30题主要考查学生的概括性思维。如果只看到砍伐树木，那就只看到了局部信息，而掉入命题人故意设置的陷阱，误选B项。应结合第一段的主题句以及整篇文章的综合叙述，加以概括可知，文章第一段就点出主题，后面各段具体分析了美国加利福尼亚州森林中大树数量急剧减少的现象以及原因，故选A。二、聚焦核心价值本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国加利福尼亚州的森林中大树急剧减少的现象及其原因，旨在引导学生了解社会发展不能违背自然规律。自然和人类社会的关系就恰如水与舟的关系，二者关系处理的好坏直接关系到整个人类社会的可持续发展。选文切合现实，对于提高人们的环保意识具有促进作用。(三)借力真题——发掘学习能力　Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．The money is intended for the development (develop) of the tourist industry.2．He peered slowly around the small crowded (crowd) room.3．The company suffered (suffer) huge losses in the last financial year.4．To avoid dampness (damp)，we should air the room regularly.5．These trees had suffered the greatest water shortage (short)．Ⅱ.补全句子1．I believe that each of us can contribute_to (做贡献) the future of the world.2．In_comparison_with/Compared_with (与……相比) the previous study, the new study expanded research subjects.3．The rise of wages drove_up (抬高) the costs of production, leading to higher prices.Ⅲ.分析长难句1．The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt (融雪)．[句式解构]　本句是一个含有一个定语从句和两个宾语从句的主从复合句。主句的主语是The researchers，谓语动词是 figured out。其中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词“a computer model”，在此从句中，第一个how much引导的从句作calculate的宾语；第二个how much引导的从句作in comparison with的宾语。现在分词短语“taking into account ...”作伴随状语。[句意翻译]　研究人员利用计算机模型计算出树木用水的压力，该模型计算出了树木获得的水量与它们所需的水量进行比较，并将降雨量、气温、土壤湿度和融雪时间等因素考虑在内。2．Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.[句式解构]　本句是一个含有两个定语从句的主从复合句。句子的主干是the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures and earlier snowmelt，主句的主语是the biggest factors，谓语动词是 have been rising。其中driving up water stress in the state为现在分词短语作定语修饰the biggest factors；第一个which引导的定语从句修饰先行词rising_temperatures；第二个which引导的定语从句修饰先行词earlier_snowmelt。[句意翻译]　McIntyre说，自20世纪30年代以来，导致该州水资源紧张的最大因素是气温升高，这导致树木向空气中流失更多的水分，以及过早的融雪减少了树木在旱季的水资源供应。Ⅳ.主题语境写作假定你是李华。你班同学参加了学校的“地球日”系列活动。请以“Actions for a Greener Earth”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件，介绍活动的全过程。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：地球日Earth DayActions for a Greener Earth　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　参考范文：Actions for a Greener EarthA week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school，calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials. We brought to our classroom worn­out clothes, pieces of cardboard and empty plastic bottles，and turned those into dolls，handbags and small vases. That weekend, we went to a nearby neighborhood and gave them away to the people there. All were very happy with those unexpected gifts, especially little kids and elderly people. We did so well that we were invited to share our ideas and experience with all the students of our school.We are very proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.课下主题训练人与环境、人与动植物Ⅰ.阅读理解AMost of the sandstorms that had swept China last year came from foreign land, a Chinese official in charge of desertification (荒漠化) control said on Monday. And the invasions (入侵) could partly explain the frequent sandstorms in the country in recent years despite its achievements in desertification control.Since the start of last spring, the north and northwestern Chinese regions had been hit by 17 sandstorms, of which, a dozen came from foreign land.Situated in the central­Asia sandstorm region, one of the world's four largest sandstorm sources, China also suffers from sandstorms from outside the country while being blamed as a sand source to northeast Asia. The other three major sources are in Africa, North America and Australia.The land suffering from desertification has been decreasing by 7,585 square kilometres annually in China, and the area of sandy land has also been falling by 1,284 square kilometres a year.The shrinkage (收缩) forms a clear contrast to the fact that the land suffering from desertification and sandy feature was added by 10,400 square kilometres and 3,436 square kilometres late last century, respectively.Currently, the desertification land in China makes up 2.64 million square kilometres, accounting for 27.46 percent of the nation's land, and its sandy land totals 1.74 million square kilometres, accounting for 18.1 percent of the country's total. 1．What does the underlined word “decreasing” mean in Paragraph 4?A．Going down.　　　　　 B．Going up.C．Coming from.  D．Taking up.解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第四段最后一句中的“has also been falling by 1,284 square kilometres a year”可知，该词的意思是“减少”，故选A项。2．Where do most of the sandstorms in China come from?A．The northwestern Chinese regions.B．The northern Chinese regions.C．The western part of China.D．Foreign countries.解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，去年袭击中国的沙尘暴大部分来自外国，故选D项。3．Which of the following is believed to be the sand source to northeast Asia?A．Mongolia.  B．Africa.C．China.  D．Australia.解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“China also suffers from sandstorms ... sand source to northeast Asia”可知，中国被认为是东北亚风沙的来源地，故选C项。4．What can we infer from this passage?A．The land in China suffering from desertification has been increasing greatly.B．China has made achievements in its own desertification control.C．The desertification land makes up nearly half of China's territory.D．Little progress has been made in controlling desertification in China.解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，遭受风沙袭击的土地每年减少7 585平方千米，由此沙地的区域每年减少1 284平方千米，由此可推知控制沙漠化取得了成效，故选B项。B(2021·六安高三检测)Several years ago climate change was a controversial subject with many people insisting it didn't exist. Today, few people doubt that the climate is changing in uncomfortable and dangerous ways.For me, living on an island off the west coast of Canada, climate change didn't directly affect me. That changed this summer. There are always a few wildfires in the forests of Canada in summer but this year has been exceptionally bad as we've had, for practical purposes, no rain at all. Then the fires started and many families have lost their homes to the flames. In early August we woke up one day to a heavy smoke from the mainland. It was dark for several days. By September, again the sun has been blocked by smoke, this time from Washington and Oregon in the United States. The smoke has covered us for about a week. In the more than twenty years we've never before had this happen. Now we've been blanketed by smoke twice in one summer. The change in our climate is clear and it doesn't bode (预兆) well. Already our seaside town is putting regulations in place and making plans to deal with a rise in sea level. However, if the sea level comes up more than a few meters we could have big problems.I don't pretend to understand all the causes of climate change or the best ways of fixing it if, indeed, it can be fixed. It is, however, becoming increasingly noticeable. Last night we were supposed to be able to see the Northern Lights but the smoke prevented that. But there's some good news. I have just noticed that for the first time in months it is raining.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者通过讲述自身经历，阐述了气候变化越来越严重，已经影响到了人们的生活和家园。5．When did the author begin to be affected by climate change？A.After the smoky days.              B．In August this summer.C．On arriving at the island.  D．When the first fire broke out.解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In early August ... a week.”可知，今年夏天的八月，作者开始被气候变化所影响。故选B。6．What did the seaside town do with climate change?A．It found the causes.  B．It solved the problems.C．It made a prediction.  D．It took some measures.解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Already our seaside town ...sea level.”可知，这个海滨小镇应对气候变化采取了许多措施。故选D。7．What's the good news the author mentioned in the last paragraph?A．The coming of the rain.B．Seeing the Northern Lights.C．The best way to fix the weather.D．The appearance of heavy smoke.解析：选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“But there's some good news ... is raining.”可知，好消息是数月来第一次作者注意到要下雨了。故选A。8．What is the best title for the passage?A．Causes of Climate ChangeB．Climate Change Hits HomeC．Global Warming Is Less SeriousD．Ways to Deal with the Rising Sea Level解析：选B　标题归纳题。根据第一段可知，今天，几乎没有人怀疑气候正在以麻烦的和危险的方式改变，第二段作者讲述自己居住的小镇也受到气候变化的影响，第三段讲述了小镇应对气候变化采取了一些措施，最后一段作者阐述了气候变化越来越令人瞩目。因此推断文章主要讲述了气候变化已经影响到家园，故B项为本文最佳标题。故选B。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Floods are one of the most common disasters in the US. Some floods develop slowly. But flash floods can develop quickly, sometimes in just a few minutes and without any signs of rain.__1__It carries rocks and can sweep away most things in its path.If a flood is likely in your area, you should：Listen to the radio or watch television for information. If there is any possibility of a flash flood, move at once to higher ground.__2__If you have time to prepare, you should：Make your home safe by bringing in outdoor furniture. Move necessary items to an upper floor.__3__Do not touch any electrical equipment if you are wet or standing in water.If you have to leave your home right away, remember these tips：Do not walk through moving water.__4__If you have to walk in water, walk where the water is not moving. Use a stick to check the ground in front of you.__5__If flood­waters rise around your car, give up the car and move to higher ground if you can do so safely. Otherwise you and the car can be quickly swept away.A．Do not drive into flooded areas.B．Do not wait for instructions to move.C．20cm depth of moving water can make you fall.D．Turn off all pieces of electrical equipment.E．Flash floods often have a dangerous wall of water.F．Maybe you know floods, earthquakes, sandstorms, and so on.G．During recent years, floods have caused billions of dollars in damage each year.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。洪水是美国最常见的灾害之一。有些洪水发展缓慢。但是山洪会迅速发展，有时几分钟就会暴发，而且没有任何降雨的迹象。文章介绍了洪水到来时应该采取的一些措施。1．选E　根据语境可知，上文提到了山洪暴发，空后一句提到了山洪可以扫除路上大部分东西，说明山洪具有危险性，本句属于过渡句，承上启下说明山洪的特性。E选项中Flash floods可对应上文中的flash floods以及后文中的代词it。故选E。2．选B　根据上文“Listen to the radio ...ground.”可知，上文提到一有山洪暴发的可能，就要立即转移，即不能等着转移的指令。上文中的move at once可对应到B选项中的to move。故选B。3．选D　根据空后一句可知，如果你被淋湿或站在水里，不要触摸任何电器。由此可知，后文提到了不要触摸任何电器，可推知本句应当是在说明对电器的处理方法。下文中的electrical equipment可对应到D选项中的electrical equipment。故选D。4．选C　根据空前一句可知，不要在流动的水中行走。故本句应当承接上文说明不要这么做的原因。上文中的moving water可对应到C选项中的moving water。故选C。5．选A　根据下文可知，如果你的车周围涨起了洪水，放弃你的车，在确保安全的情况下转移到更高的地方。否则你和车会很快被冲走。由此可知，本段主要说明是洪水暴发时，与开车相关的注意事项。且后文中car可对应到A选项中的drive。故选A。