新人教版高考英语一轮复习句子成分下的语法第四讲从“宾语”及“宾语补足语”角度释解代词课件+学案

这是一份新人教版高考英语一轮复习句子成分下的语法第四讲从“宾语”及“宾语补足语”角度释解代词课件+学案，文件包含新人教版高考英语一轮复习句子成分下的语法第四讲从“宾语”及“宾语补足语”角度释解代词课件ppt、新人教版高考英语一轮复习句子成分下的语法第四讲从“宾语”及“宾语补足语”角度释解代词学案doc等2份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共60页， 欢迎下载使用。
第四讲　从“宾语”及“宾语补足语”角度释解代词和非谓语动词的用法规则编者按：宾语是动作、行为的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词的后面。可以用作宾语的有：名词短语、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和宾语从句等。宾语补足语是用来说明宾语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。可以用作补足语的有：形容词、名词、不定式、分词和介词短语等。本讲主要讲代词和非谓语动词不定式、分词和动名词，其他形式放到后面讲解。第1课时　代　词[真题集训——明考点]一、语法填空常考点1．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟)and imagine         (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.解析：themselves　根据语境可知，主语visitors发出的动作imagine作用于自身，故此处应用反身代词。2．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Data about the moon's composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether         (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. 解析：its　分析句子结构可知，空格处的词应作plans的定语，故需填形容词性物主代词its。3．(2019·北京高考)Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to              (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”．解析：myself　本句主语为I，宾语与主语同指一人，应用反身代词。whisper to oneself为固定短语，表示“低声对自己说”，故填myself。4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give              a try.解析：it/running　根据句意可知，此处表示“我们都应该尝试一下跑步”，故填代词it，指代上文的running，此处也可直接填名词running。5．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find              (they) alive.解析：them　空格前面是动词find，空格处应用代词作find的宾语，人称代词作宾语时，要用其宾格，故填them，指代上文的gorillas。6．(2018·浙江6月高考)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap              can be to eat out.解析：it　此处应用it作形式主语，动词不定式短语to eat out为真正的主语。二、短文改错常考点1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into the pan together.“Not that way，” my mom tried to stop us but failed.                解析：us→me　根据上文可知，作者在尝试做西红柿炒鸡蛋，所以说妈妈想阻止“我”，而不是“我们”。2．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China.                解析：yours→your/you　with是介词，后面接动词的­ing形式作宾语。动词的­ing形式的逻辑主语如果是代词，应用代词的宾格或形容词性物主代词。3．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)I tell my mom that if we're forced to eat things, we may become ill.But he insists on us eating healthy food.                解析：he→she　根据上文可知，妈妈一直让我们吃健康食品，由此判断，此处指代my mom，应用she。4．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment which is created for them.                解析：yourselves→themselves　句子主语为customers，此处表示顾客们将会享受乐趣，应用反身代词的第三人称复数形式，enjoy oneself为固定搭配，意为“玩得开心，享受乐趣”。5．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals.                解析：another→other　句中的animals是复数形式，所以修饰该名词的限定词应该用other。another“又一，再一”修饰可数名词单数，可数名词复数前用other，意为“其他的”。6．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I had done myself homework, but I was shy.                解析：myself→my/the　此处表示“我”已经完成了我的家庭作业。my是形容词性物主代词，作 homework的定语，myself不作定语；此处也可用定冠词the，表示特指。 [语法精析——知规则](一)人称代词、物主代词与反身代词1．基本用法类别主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词功能作主语作宾语、同位语等作定语作主语、表语或宾语作宾语、表语或同位语第一人称I(我)memyminemyselfwe(我们)usouroursourselves第二人称you(你)youyouryoursyourselfyou(你们)youyouryoursyourselves第三人称he(他)himhishishimselfshe(她)herherhersherselfit(它)ititsitsitselfthey(他们)themtheirtheirsthemselves 2．反身代词的习惯用法与介词搭配by oneself独自地 　 for oneself亲自of oneself自动地    in oneself  本质上；本身与动词搭配come to oneself　　　苏醒；恢复知觉dress oneself        打扮；自己穿衣devote oneself to     致力于；献身于behave oneself        表现得体；有礼貌apply oneself to       专心致志于help oneself to        随便吃/用enjoy oneself         玩得开心 (二)it的用法1．it的基本用法用法例句指天气、季节、时间、距离、环境等It is early spring, but it is already hot.现在是初春，但是天气已经很热了。代替前面提过的事物、群体、想法、内容等或代替指示代词Although he didn't like it, I decided to see the movie anyway.尽管他不喜欢看这部电影，但我还是决定去看一看。指不知性别的孩子和婴儿或不明身份的人(由于某种原因而不知对方是谁)What will you call it if it is a boy？要是男孩的话，你会给他取个什么名字？2.it作形式主语或形式宾语 常用句型it作形式主语It is a pity/shame that ...　        真可惜……It is no wonder that ...            难怪……It seems/appears that ...           似乎/看来……It looks/seems as if/as though ...                             看起来好像……It happens that ...                碰巧……It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb.that ...                              某人突然想起……It is said/reported that ...           据说/据报道……It is certain that ...                ……是一定的It is no use/good doing ...          做……没有用/好处It takes sb.some time to do ...做……花费某人若干时间it作形式宾语①主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep ...＋it＋adj./n.＋(for/of sb.) to do/that从句②主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep ...＋it＋useless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time(money/energy ...)＋doing ... (三)不定代词1．both, all, either, neither与none的区别代词用法both(1)表示“两者(都)”。 (2)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。(3)与not连用表示部分否定，意为“两者并不都……”。(表示全部否定需用neither)all(1)指三者或三者以上的人或物的“全部”。 (2)作主语，指人时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；指事物的整体或抽象概念时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。(3)与not连用表示部分否定。(表示完全否定需用none)either(1)表示“(两者中的)任何一个”。(表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的“任何一个”需用any) (2)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。neither(1)表示“(两者)都不”。 (2)单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。(3)后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。none(1)表示“(三者及三者以上中)无一个”或“没有一点儿”。 (2)后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。(3)既可指代可数名词，也可指代不可数名词。2.the other, another, others与the others的区别代词用法the other可单独使用，特指两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”。another泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替单数可数名词。另外，another后可接“基数词/few＋复数名词(名词表示的事物被看作一个整体)”，表示“另外的……(多少)”。others/the othersothers只能单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some连用。特指“整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部人或事物”时用the others。 3．none, nothing与no one/nobody的区别代词用法none(1)特指语境中提到的人或物，强调数量。(2)后可接of短语，可回答以how many, how much引导的特殊疑问句。nothing(1)指物，表泛指。(2)不可接of短语，可回答what引导的特殊疑问句。no one/nobody(1)常指人，仅用于指代可数名词单数。(2)不可接of短语，可回答以who引导的特殊疑问句。 [应用落实——通方法]一、单句语法填空1．(2021·昆明模拟)It took him seven years to scan the characters in Chinese ancient books.2．(2021·成都三诊)It became popular immediately after being shown, and has made viewers go beyond thinking about food itself (it)．3．Many singles say the regular dating scene has just led them from one bad experience to another and are ready to try something else.4．They had to chase the overprotective mother away first, so that they could get close enough to rescue the baby.5．When tea and coffee were first introduced to Europe in the 18th century, people had different ideas about their (they) use.6．Nobody likes to talk about death, but the reality is — everyone is going to die at one point, but none of us know the day, or the hour.7．All of us have read thrilling stories. In many of them (they) the hero had only a limited and specified time to live.8．Both teams were in hard training; neither was willing to lose the game.[解题技法]语法填空解题“2定向”1．通过句子成分确定所填代词的形式(1)如果作主语，则用人称代词的主格； (2)如果作宾语或表语，则用人称代词的宾格； (3)如果作定语，则用形容词性物主代词； (4)如果作宾语、表语或同位语且又反射到句子主语，则用反身代词。2．通过句式结构和“指代”，判断是否用it(1)如果指代上文提到的同一个事物，则用it；(2)如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况则用it；(3)如果作形式主语或形式宾语，则用it；(4)注意一些固定用法：dislike/hate/appreciate/depend on/see to ...＋it＋从句。　 二、单句改错1．(2021·昆明模拟)I want to thank you for taking my letters and delivering it. it→them2．(2021·山西统考)Now I'm awfully sorry to tell you that I have to refuse my request.my→your3．At 10：00, we put on performances, like singing and dancing. Then they played games together！they→we4．My father is the man I respect most. Strict as he may be, he never fails to show her care and consideration.her→his5．About 36% of them are fond of surfing the Internet, which helps him know about the latest news and current affairs in the world.him→them6．Many students feel it that a popular teacher must be kind and easy­going.去掉it[解题技法]短文改错解题“3注意”1．避免张冠李戴，注意前后一致性注意前后人称、性别、单复数是否一致。 2．分析句子成分，掌握固定短语(1)根据所充当的句子成分正确使用人称代词、物主代词和反身代词；(2)注意一些含代词的固定短语。3．搞清范围，确定不定代词(1)两者：二者选其一用either; 二者都不选用neither; 二者都选用both；(2)三者或三者以上：三者或三者以上的任何一个用any; 三者或三者以上都不选用none; 三者或三者以上都选用all；(3)其他：若表示“另外一个”用another; 若在名词前用other; 若不跟名词且指代复数，用others；(4)肯定句用something，否定句和疑问句用anything。　　 三、高考写作佳句1．(2020·浙江7月高考写作)我们都珍惜在学校的时间，充分利用每一个受教育的机会。All of us value the time at school and take advantage of every educational chance.2．(2020·江苏高考书面表达)这类电影可以极大地增进他们对中国的了解。This kind of films can significantly enhance their understanding of China.3．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)如果我被选中，我会致力于成为一名合格的志愿者。Were I chosen, I would devote myself to being a qualified volunteer.4．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)更重要的是，我愿意帮助他人，所以我想在业余时间当一名志愿者。More importantly, I am willing to help others, so I would like to be a volunteer in my spare time.5．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我认为这对英国人来说是一个体验中国文化的好机会。I think it a really good opportunity for British to experience Chinese culture. 第2课时　非谓语动词编者按：非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，但仍保留动词的某种特征的动词形式。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词四种形式。非谓语动词已经成为语法填空、短文改错的必考点和常考点。 [真题集训——明考点]一、语法填空常考点1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e­4          (find) and study areas of the South Pole­Aitken basin.解析：to find　分析句子结构可知，此处是作use the instruments的目的状语，应用不定式。2．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)They represent the earth          (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. 解析：coming　represent表示“代表”，后面接动词的­ing形式作宾语，故填coming。3．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Orange trees are more than decoration ...They make great gifts and you see them many times          (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 解析：decorated　此处是“see＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。them作see的宾语，指代橘树，和decorate之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词decorated作宾语补足语。4．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)They are easy         (care) for and make great presents. 解析：to care　“主语(具体的人或物)＋be＋形容词＋动词不定式”是一个固定句型，表示主语的特征，其中动词不定式用主动形式表达被动意义。5．(2020·浙江7月高考)Later, they learned to work with the seasons, planting at the right time and, in dry areas,           (make) use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields. 解析：making　结合and和上文的planting可知，此处应用making，它和planting是并列关系，作方式状语。6．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟)and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or          (walk) through a rainforest.解析：walking　结合句意和并列连词or可知，设空处与前面的living并列，故填walking。7．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid­1980s, and are expensive          (perform) consistently over a large area.解析：to perform　此处为“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。8．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A 90­year­old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year”  for          (be) Britain's oldest full­time employee — still working 40 hours a week.解析：being　分析句子成分可知，设空处作介词for的宾语，应用动名词形式，且be与其逻辑主语A 90­year­old之间为主动关系，此处陈述一般事实，应用主动形式，故填being。9．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take          (get) there.解析：to get　此处考查“it takes sb.some time to do sth.”这一句式结构，表示“花费某人多长时间做某事”。该句式中it为形式主语，后面的不定式短语为真正的主语。10．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On the last day of our week­long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,              (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.解析：listening　分析句子结构可知 ，此处应填非谓语动词形式与and后面的现在分词meeting并列，listen与其逻辑主语we之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。二、短文改错常考点1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy to cook.                解析：frying→fried　tomatoes with eggs与fry之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)I tell my mom that if we're forced eat things, we may become ill.                解析：forced后加to　be forced to do sth.“被强迫做某事”，为习惯用法。3．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.                解析：say→saying　本句的谓语动词是cheered, say与谓语之间无连词连接，应用非谓语动词形式。say与其逻辑主语All the football players之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。4．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)I want my cafe have a special theme such as “Tang Dynasty”．                解析：have前加to　want sb.to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“想要某人做某事”，此处have应用动词不定式形式。5．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.                解析：manage→managing　succeed in doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“成功做某事”，in为介词，其后应接动名词形式。6．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.                解析：sell→selling　此处动词sell位于介词by后，应用动名词形式，故sell改为selling。 [语法精析——知规则]一、动词不定式1．基本形式为“to＋动词原形”，否定形式为“not to＋动词原形”，时态和语态变化(以do为例)如下：语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing/完成式to have doneto have been done 2．不定式的用法(1)作主语：不定式作主语一般表示具体的某次动作。常用it作形式主语， 而不定式作真正主语。此外，不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。To do morning exercise is useful for our health.做早操有利于我们的健康。(2)作表语：不定式作表语常表示将来的具体的动作或状态。My dream is to enter Beijing University.我的梦想是考入北京大学。(3)作宾语：下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help 如：I promise to forget this ever happened.我答应你我会忘了刚才发生的一切。(4)作宾语补足语：常用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有want, advise, allow, appoint, cause, challenge, command, drive, enable, encourage, forbid, force, hire, instruct, invite, order, permit等。如：He wants you to be his assistant.他想让你做他的助手。(5)作定语：当不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，要用主动形式表示被动。如：I have a lot of work to do.我有许多工作要做。(6)作状语功能用法原因状语多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后用以说明产生这种情绪的原因。用于这类结构中的形容词常见的有：happy, glad, sorry, anxious, proud, disappointed, angry, surprised, ready, delighted, pleased等目的状语可与so as to/in order to 替换，但so as to 一般不可置于句首结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果，常用only to do 如：I was happy to hear the news.(原因状语)听到那个消息我非常高兴。To meet the movie star I got up very early.(目的状语)为了见到那位电影明星，我起得很早。I rushed to school, only to find nobody was there.(结果状语)我匆忙赶到学校，却发现那里没有人。二、动名词1．基本形式为v.­ing，时态、语态变化(以do为例)如下：　　语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done Do you like playing chess？你喜欢下国际象棋吗？She was pleased that the teacher wasn't angry with her for her having been so rude.她很高兴老师没有因为她的无礼而生气。2．动名词的基本用法(1)作主语：动名词作主语表示经常性、习惯性的动作。考生要注意掌握it作形式主语，动名词是真正的主语的常见句型：It is no good/use/useless/fun/a waste of sth.＋doing sth.。如：Playing with others helps them learn how to get along with all kinds of people.与他人一起玩耍有助于他们学会如何与各种各样的人相处。(2)作宾语：动名词可以作及物动词、某些动词短语以及介词的宾语。下列动词(短语)只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy (想象，设想)避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡forbid, imagine, risk; can't help (禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town.我建议我们在海滨城镇度暑假。He tried to avoid answering my questions.他试图对我的问题避而不答。[名师指津]　下列动词或词组既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：(3)作表语：表示经常性的，习惯性的行为。如：Her job is washing and cooking.她的工作是洗衣服和做饭。三、分词：现在分词和过去分词(一)分词的基本用法1．作定语：现在分词作定语表示动词与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系，常表示正在进行的主动动作；过去分词作定语表示动词与其逻辑主语之间为动宾关系，常表示已完成的被动动作。如：I have never seen a more moving film.我没看过比这个更令人感动的电影了。The houses being built are for the teachers.正在建的房子是给老师的。The broken glass is Tom's.这个打破了的杯子是汤姆的。2．作补语：能用分词作宾语补足语的动词有see, hear, watch, feel, make, keep, leave, find, have, get等。如：I saw him entering the bank. (him与enter之间为逻辑上的主谓关系)我看见他正向银行里走。I'd like to see the plan carried out.(plan与carry之间为逻辑上的动宾关系)我想看到这个计划被执行。3．作状语：分词作状语，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。为了强调，还可与while, when, once, if, unless等连词连用。作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。形式意义(v.­ing)doing与句中主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，与谓语动词表示的动作(或状态)同时发生或几乎同时发生，表示主动、进行(v.­ed)having done与句中主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词表示的动作发生，表示主动、完成done与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，表示完成；用作形容词的过去分词表示状态being done与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，表示被动、进行，意为“正在被……”having beendone与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，先于句中谓语动词表示的动作发生，表示被动、完成 Translated into (＝when it was translated into) English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.当这个句子被译成英语后，发现它有一个完全不同的语序。(作时间状语)Not knowing (＝Because he didn't know) how much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he could — he huddled in his cave and slept.因为不知道还能维持(生存)多久，尼古拉斯只能做一件事——蜷缩在他的山洞里睡觉。(作原因状语)Used (＝If it is used) with care, one tin will last for six weeks.如果小心使用，一罐可以用六个星期。(作条件状语)More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.中国已经建成更多的高速公路，这让人们的出行变得更容易。(作结果状语)(二)with/without＋宾语(名词/代词)＋宾语补足语“with/without＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构在句中常作伴随状语和原因状语。1．“with/without＋名词/代词＋现在分词”中的现在分词表示主动且进行，或表示特征。The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park, with their pet dog following them.这对老夫妇经常晚饭后在公园散步，他们的宠物狗跟在后面。2．“with/without＋名词/代词＋过去分词”中的过去分词表示被动且完成，或表示状态。It was a pity that the great writer died with his works unfinished.真可惜，这位伟大的作家去世时，他的作品尚未完成。3．“with/without＋名词/代词＋动词不定式”中的不定式表示将来。With the exception of using a small microwave oven to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.除了可以使用小型微波炉加热食物之外，学生们被禁止在他们的房间里做饭。4．“with/without＋名词/代词＋形容词/副词/名词/介词短语”中的形容词等表示宾语的性质或状态。With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.产量提高了60%，公司又度过了辉煌的一年。 [应用落实——通方法]一、单句语法填空1．(2021·青岛质检)Written (write) in Chinese and performed by Western and Chinese singers，the work is the first original Chinese opera produced by Guangzhou Opera House for the Silk Road International League of Theaters.2．(2021·驻马店模拟)As you might imagine, when crops were collected from the fields, calling the season “harvest” might make people confused (confuse) because “harvest” is also the name for the act itself.3．(2021·桂林统考)It's made up of five books, with each focusing (focus) on the story of one character: Rain, Twig, Cash, Peno and Lab.4．(2021·威海月考)Is it possible to meet the global demand of leather without doing (do) any harm to animals?5．According to the study, when faced (face) with the new challenges, fast walkers are more likely to be active while quiet people tend to walk more slowly.6．The hobby selected (select) by teens depends upon their free time.7．Last summer I was lucky to spend (spend) a couple of days in this city and I just fell in love with its narrow paved streets and neat beautiful house!8．For many young people, studying (study) at a university is one of the most important stages of their lives.[解题技法]语法填空解题“3策略”1．分析非谓语动词发生的时间以及非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系2．掌握非谓语动词的固定句式结构(1)It's＋形容词＋(for/of sb.＋) to do sth.；(2)It's no good/use/pleasure doing sth.；(3)find/think/believe/consider＋it＋adj.＋to do sth.；(4)be likely to do sth.很可能做某事。3．牢记后跟非谓语动词的特定动词(1)牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的动词；(2)牢记用动词不定式或分词作补足语的动词。　 二、单句改错1．(2021·平凉模拟)They seemed to be said and doing the same kinds of things we say and do in my country. said→saying2．(2021·太原统考)You can earn between $200 and $300 per week (food and accommodation providing)．providing→provided 3．Language is a gift belong to humans.belong→belonging4．Last evening he used his car take his cousin out for ice cream.take前加to5．After that, I swore I must learn English well, especially spoken English, and never make that embarrassing thing happening again.happening→happen6．I'd like work for you because I care a lot about presently affairs.like后加to7．To her surprise, the poor old man was sitting on the floor with the palm of his hand bleed.bleed→bleeding8．Yesterday morning I was determined to giving her a hand and do some washing.giving→give[解题技法]短文改错解题“2视角”1．从非谓语动词构成角度检查(1)检查是否该有不定式符号to; (2)检查动名词或分词是否正确。2．从非谓语动词用法角度检查(1)检查介词后的非谓语动词是否正确；(2)检查并列结构中非谓语动词形式是否一致；(3)检查作主语、宾语或宾补的非谓语动词形式是否合适；(4)检查作状语的分词表示主动还是被动。 　 三、高考写作佳句1．(2020·天津5月高考书面表达)在网上学习了很长一段时间后，我们现在回到了美丽的校园。Having studied online for a long time, we are now back to the beautiful campus.2. (2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ写作)伯纳德弄清楚发生了什么事后，含泪紧紧地抓住了克拉拉的手。After figuring out what had happened, Bernard seized Clara's hands tightly with tears in his eyes.3．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)听说你们要举办中国画展览，我写信申请成为这个活动的志愿者。Hearing you are hosting a Chinese painting exhibition, I'm writing to apply to be a volunteer for the event.4．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)为了给学生们提供一场精彩的比赛，我们需要有足够的训练。In order to provide the students with a fantastic match, we need to have enough training.5．(2018·浙江6月高考写作)首先，我不仅能说一口流利的英语，而且和外国人交流也毫无困难。Firstly, not only can I speak fluent English, but also I have little difficulty communicating with foreigners. [语篇巧训——全融会]一、代词专练(用适当的代词填空)I can't believe I made ①it into San Francisco at last!This morning, I went to the airport by ②myself (I) to catch my 10：00 a．m.flight.I got there early to go through security.Since I had an electronic ticket, which was more convenient, I then went straight to the boarding gate.When I got there, I couldn't believe ③my (I) ears — it was announced that the flight was put off for two hours!I made a decision to look at the flight monitors to see if/whether there was an earlier flight to San Francisco.I saw that there was ④another flight that would leave in 40 minutes, so I ran to the boarding gate of that flight.When I got there，I asked the gate agent if I could get on that flight instead.She said that I needed to stay in the gate area and wait for my name to be called if ⑤they had a seat available.So, I waited, and waited, and waited. ⑥All the passengers were waiting impatiently.The gate agent began calling out names.Guess what？I found ⑦nobody was behind me.The last name called was ⑧mine. The last seat left on the plane was a middle seat and the ⑨one I usually prefer near a window, and I was just happy to get on board.I didn't want ⑩my vacation to get delayed because of a late flight.二、代词专练(依据汉语提示补全短文)Suddenly ①all the lights (所有的灯) on that crowded underground train went out.Then it stopped in that dark tunnel. ②We waited (我们等待着)．We expected the lights to come on again. ③nothing happened (什么也没发生)．Then I began to ④smell something (闻到某些东西)．People around me then began to cry out in fear.“The train is on fire！” they cried.The woman standing next to me suddenly fell on the floor.I realized she was overcome by the smoke.Then I saw flames appearing.“If ⑤something does not happen (没有什么事情发生)soon，” I ⑥said to myself (自言自语)，“I will be burnt alive！” But as I stood there in the dark in that crowded burning train, I could see no way to escape.So I cried，“God, if it is not my time to die, please help me！” I heard a noise. ⑦It was on my right hand side (它在我右手边)．I at once began to ⑧push my way (奋力前进) forward to where that noise came from.For two hours I kept walking in that dark train tunnel.At last I saw a light in the distance.“Thank God！” I cried.“God must have a purpose for saving my life.He must want me to ⑨help other people (帮助其他人) and do what I could  ⑩for them (为了他们)，” I decided.三、非谓语动词专练(依据汉语提示补全短文)There is a wonderful story about a young girl who had no family and no one ①to love her (爱她)．One day, ②feeling very sad and lonely (感到难过和孤独), she was walking through a grassland when she noticed a small butterfly ③caught in a bush (被困在树丛里)．The young girl carefully released the butterfly.Instead of ④flying away (飞走), the little butterfly changed into a beautiful fairy.“In return for your wonderful kindness，” the good fairy said to the girl, “I will give you any wish that you ⑤would like to get (想得到)．” The little girl thought for a moment and then replied, “I want to be happy.”⑥Leaning toward her (依靠着她), the fairy whispered in her ear and then disappeared.⑦With the little girl growing up (随着女孩长大), there was no one in the land happier than she was.Everyone wanted to make themselves ⑧told the secret of happiness (被告知幸福的秘密) by her.She would only smile and answer, “The secret of my happiness is that I listened to a good fairy when I was a little girl.”When she was dying，the neighbors all gathered around her, ⑨fearing (害怕) that her unbelievable secret of happiness would die with her.So they begged her ⑩to tell them what the good fairy said (告诉他们善良的仙女说了什么)．The lovely old woman simply smiled and said, “She told me that everyone, no matter how old or young, how rich or poor, had need of me.”