2022届湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三（下）一模考试英语政治物理试题（原卷版）

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雅礼中学2022届模拟试卷（一）英语注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt？A. £ 19.15.  B. £ 9.18.  C. £ 9.15.答案是C。1. What are the speakers talking about？A. A lightweight bag.  B. Things to wear.  C. The warm weather.2. What is the man's job？A. Waiter.  B. Cook.  C. Salesman.3. How is the woman getting to work？A. By train.  B. By bus.  C. By car.4. How long will the speakers be late if they start now？A. 15 minutes.  B. 30 minutes.  C. 45 minutes.5. What is the woman probably doing？A. Asking for help.  B. Making an appointment.  C. Giving advice.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. What is the man speaker probably？A. A hotel clerk.  B. A repairman.  C. A watchman.7. What do you know about Annie Zhang？A. She can't reach the woman speaker.B. She left a number to the woman speaker.C. She can't find the woman speaker's number.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8. What are the speakers mainly talking about？A. Learning to drive.  B. Going shopping.  C. Going for a picnic.9. When will the speakers go？A. This Sunday.  B. Next Saturday.  C. Next Sunday.10. What will the woman most probably do the day before they start out？A. Buy some food.  B. Prepare the car.  C. Write a paper.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11 What happened to the woman？A. She lost her brown leather shoulder bag.B. She lost her black cloth shoulder bag.C. She lost her purple leather shoulder bag.12. Where does the conversation take place？A. In the library.  B. In a bag shop.  C. In a lost-and-found office.13. What’s NOT in the bag？A. Some keys.  B. Some letters.  C. A thin book.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14. What does the woman think of the first design has？A. Elegant colors.  B. Good images.  C. Abstract pictures.15. What does the man dislike about the second design？A. Its ideas.  B. Its flowers.  C. Its colors.16. Which design do the speakers decide to choose？A. The first one.  B. The second one.  C. The third one.17. What will the man do next？A. Give a call.  B. Get some help.  C. Change the color.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18. How did the classmates feel on hearing the speaker's favorite memory？A. Surprised.  B. Amused.  C. Envious.19. Who gave the speaker a bike as a birthday present？A. Her sister.  B. Her father.  C. Her uncle.20. Why did the speaker cry one day？A. She was laughed at by her sister.B. She had a quarrel with her sister.C. She couldn't manage to ride a bike.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATop reads to shine on your shelfFACELESSby Alyssa B. SheinmelThis is an amazing book about a girl named Maisie, who gets in an accident, and ends up having a face transplant. Part of Maisie’s face got burnt off in a fire, so now she has her cheeks and nose replaced by a different girl’s cheeks and nose. However, if you think about it, the idea seems quite scary. All in all, I really enjoyed this book, and it had me hanging on its every word.WE ARE ALL MADE OF MOLECULESby Susin NielsenThe story focuses on two main characters, Stewart and Ashley. Despite missing his mother, Stewart decides to make a new life with Ashley when he and his dad move into her house. Ashley doesn’t like Stewart for his personality, but things turn even more complicated when a schoolmate, Jared, enters their lives. I LOVE this book because it teaches us that if we all put aside all of our differences, we can work together to solve problems in the world, no matter how big or small the problem might be.HOUSE OF WINDOWSby Alexia CasaleThis book is about a 15-year-old boy named Nick who is at Cambridge University. While there he faces many problems, he is not helped by the fact that his mum is dead and his dad cares more for his work than for him. Luckily, this book has a happy ending.MIND YOUR HEADby Juno DawsonThis book is a great mix of humour and advice, differing from the more formal help books that you might read. It won’t necessarily defeat your problem, but it will hand you the sword and encourage you to do it yourself.1. Which word can best describe FACELESS？A. Moving. B. Inspirational. C. Educational. D. Appealing.2. What does WE ARE ALL MADE OF MOLECULES tell us？A. Different people can also work together.B. Friendship is based on shared interests.C. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.D. One false step will make a great difference.3. Which book will offer you fun and help you with your daily life？A. FACELESS.B. MIND YOUR HEAD.C. HOUSE OF WINDOWS.D. WE ARE ALL MADE OE MOLECULES.BOn January 22, 2022, the British-Belgian 19-year-old, Zara Rutherford, successfully landed her two-seat microlight aircraft back at the Kortrijk-Wevelgem Airport, from where she had departed 155 days ago, fulfilling her dream to be the youngest woman to fly around the world solo.“I feel excited not only to break the Guinness World Record, but also to diminish the gender gap by 11 years between the current youngest male record holder Travis Ludlow 18 at the time of his record, and the previous female record holder Shaesta Waez, who was 30 when she completed her ‘Dreams Soar’ around-the-world flight.” Rutherford wrote on her blog.Rutherford's journey crossing five continents and 52 countries began on August 18, 2021. She encountered numerous unexpected delays along the way. They included an unscheduled stop in Redding, California, due to wildfires and a month-long stop in Nome, Alaska, to renew her Russian visa. She also faced several challenges in the air. When flying from Iceland to Greenland, Rutherford lost radio contact with her ground team for much of the 3-hour flight. The incidents also resulted in her having to cross over Russia in sub-zero temperatures. The hardest part was flying over Siberia—it was extremely cold and if the engine broke down, she'd be hours away from rescue. Despite the severe difficulties, the determined young pilot never gave up on her dream.Rutherford grew up around airplanes. Her British father flies commercially, while her Belgian mother is a recreational pilot. The young girl began learning how to fly at age 14 and obtained her aviators license in 2020. With her goal of flying around the world accomplished, Rutherford now has her sights set even higher. She wants to become an astronaut and explore space.She hopes that her journey will encourage more young women to pursue careers in aviation. Currently the number of female pilots is just 5 percent. Rutherford says, “It's an easy thing to say, but just go for it. If you don't try and see how high you can fly, then you'll never know.”4. What does the underlined word “diminish" in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Narrow. B. Divide. C. Fill. D. Cause.5. Why did Rutherford have to stop in Nome?A. The wildfires were too fierce. B. Her Russian visa was due.C. The weather was too severe. D. Her engine broke down.6. What's the purpose of paragraph 4?A. To switch to a new topic. B. To summarize her achievements.C. To illustrate her admirable talents. D. To add some background information.7. What does the passage try to convey?A. Life is not all roses. B. Dream big, aim high.C. Not to advance is to go back. D. The greatest talkers the least doers.CThe over 48000 orange trees in Seville, Spain, not only fill the city’s air with the pleasant smell of orange blossoms in spring, but they also produce over 16,500 tons of fruit every winter. Though that makes the capital of southern Spain’s Andalusia region Europe’s top orange-producing city, the fruit is too sour to be consumed fresh. While some of the produce is used to make orange jam and an alcoholic drink, most of it ends up in Seville’s landfills (填埋场). However, that may change soon thanks to a clever idea to use the oranges to produce clean energy.The trial program is being launched by the city’s council and park department in cooperation with Emasesa, Seville’s water supply and sanitation (卫生) division. Juice from 38. 6 tons of oranges will be left to ferment (发酵) in a specialized facility. The methane (甲烷) released from the fermented liquid will be captured and used to drive a generator to produce clean power. The officials estimate the test run will produce about 1,500 kWh of energy—enough to run one of Emasesa’s water purification plants. To ensure there is no waste, the orange skins, peels, and flesh will be used as fertilizer.“It’s not just about saving money. The oranges are a problem for the city, and we’re producing added value from waste,” said Benigno Lopez, head of Emasesa’s environmental department.If successful, by 2023, the city hopes to recycle all the oranges and add the electricity produced back into its power transmission network. In trial runs, one ton of oranges produced 50 kWh of clean energy—enough to cover the daily electricity needs of five homes. The project team estimates that if all the fruit is recycled, it will produce enough energy to power as many as 73,000 residences.“This project will help us to reach our targets for reducing emissions, energy self-sufficiency, and the circular economy,” Juan Espadas Cejas, mayor of Seville, said in the press conference announcing the trial scheme.8. What do we know about oranges in Seville from the first paragraph？A. They are usually picked in spring.B. They are mostly used to make jams and juice.C. They are not recommended to be eaten fresh.D. They make Seville the world’s top orange-producing city.9. What is the second paragraph mainly about？A. Different uses of oranges.B. How to produce power from juice.C. An introduction to the trial program.D. Why the trial program was put forward.10. What can we infer from the passage？A. Seville hasn’t carried out the trial program yet.B. The electricity produced will be used to purify water.C. The electricity produced will go to Seville’s power plants.D. Seville may need to recycle 14,600 tons of oranges to power 73,000 homes.11. What is the best title for the text？A. Seville Is Turning Waste into WealthB. Seville Is Seeking Market for OrangesC. Seville Is Contributing to Global WarmingD. Seville Is Dealing with the Electricity ShortageDIt’s late in the evening, time to close the book and turn off the computer. You’re done for the day. What you may not realize, however, is that the learning process actually continues in your dreams.It might sound like science fiction, but researchers are increasingly focusing on the relationship between the knowledge and skills our brains absorb during the day and the often strange imaginings they generate at night. Scientists have found that dreaming about a task we’ve learned is associated with improved performance in that activity (suggesting that there’s some truth to the popular idea that we’re “getting” a foreign language once we begin dreaming in it). What’s more, dreaming may be an essential part of understanding, organizing and retaining what we learn. While we sleep, research indicates, the brain replays the patterns of activity it experienced during waking hours, allowing us to enter what one psychologist calls a neural virtual reality.A vivid example of such replay can be seen in a video researchers made recently about sleep disorders. They taught a series of dance moves to patients suffering from sleepwalking and related conditions. They then videotaped the subjects as they slept. Lying in bed, eyes closed, one female patient on the tape performed the dance moves she learned earlier — “the first direct and unambiguous demonstration of behavioral replay of a recently learned skill during human sleep, ” writes lead author Delphine Oudiette.Of course, most of us are not quite so energetic during sleep — but our brains are busy nonetheless. While our bodies are at rest, scientists theorize, our brains are extracting what’s important from the information and events we’ve recently encountered, then integrating that data into the vast store of what we already know—perhaps explaining why dreams are such an odd mixture of fresh experiences and old memories. A dream about something we’ve just learned seems to be a sign that the new knowledge has been processed effectively. In a 2010 study published in the journal Current Biology, researchers at Harvard Medical School reported that college students who dreamed about a computer maze task they had learned showed a 10-fold improvement in their ability to navigate the maze compared to participants who did not dream about the task.Robert Stickgold, one of the Harvard researchers, suggests that studying right before bedtime or taking a nap following a study session in the afternoon might increase the odds of dreaming about the material. Think about that as your head hits the pillow tonight.12. What happens when one enters a dream state?A. The body continues to act as if the sleeper were awake.B. The neural activity of the brain will become more intense.C. The brain once again experiences the learning activities of the day.D. The brain behaves as if it were playing a virtual reality video game.13. What does the brain do while we are sleeping?A It replaces old information with new material.B. It processes and absorbs newly acquired data.C. It classifies information and places it in different files.D. It systematizes all the information collected during the day.14. Which of the following can enhance learning according to Robert Stickgold?A. Staying up late before finally going to bed.B. Having a period of sleep right after studying.C. Having a dream about anything you are interested in.D. Thinking about the chances of dreaming about the material.15. What is the text mainly about?A. How study affects people’s dreams.B. Why people learn more after sleeping.C. What time students should study and sleep.D. How dreaming may lead to improved learning outcomes.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。It can be very easy to stick with what you know, instead of trying to meet people who are different from you. ___16___Here's what you can do:Become self-aware. ___17___This includes biases(偏见）about your own cultural background. It can be confronting, but by doing this you'll be able to think about how these traits might impact on your approach to and understanding of differences. You could try: Think about what assumptions you make about your friends, peers, and people you work with. Talk to someone from a different cultural background. Try and get to know someone from a different cultural background better. ___18___You'll automatically find out more about their life and experiences. Just being curious and open-minded can be helpful. Be more accepting. Sometimes, for one reason or another, it's not all that easy to understand some cultural differences. ___19___ In other words, you don't have to understand, or even agree with, someone in order to accept them. ___20___ One of the biggest difficulties to overcome in understanding cultural differences is making judgments based on one opinion. You should do some research to actually learn about people, instead of making broad-brush assessments. Stereotyping(模式化）people from different cultural backgrounds can impact their quality of life and opportunities.A. Do your own research.B. Think beyond stereotypes.C. Practice being sympathetic towards people.D. Work out your own beliefs, values and personal biases.E. Instead of asking them questions directly, treat them as friends.F. And the best approach is to acknowledge people are different and to accept that's okay.G. However, trying to understand people from other countries can help you experience more.第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。It was 2002. It was suggested that I should learn to drive, so my father decided to teach me.Easier said than done. The driving plan was quietly ___21___ after I almost crashed his car into a stone wall. My next ___22___ was in 2006. This time, the___23___ was a very nice friend. But after three sessions, he ___24___. “I can’t teach you,” he said. “You have no ___25___ at all.” To be honest, that was ___26___ to me. Actually, I thought I was afraid of many things-thunderstorms, forest fires, bears, but these were not the ___27___ kind for driving.Nine years later, I had a life partner—Graeme Gibson—and a baby. One day, Graeme got his ___28___ seriously bitten when he helped ___29___ a dog trapped in the wire fence. Even so, he had to drive himself to the hospital ____30____ thanks to my inability to drive.This accident ____31____ me and awoke my enthusiasm for learning. “That’s it,” I said, “I’m learning to drive.” I must ____32____ myself to support and protect my family. This time, I ____33____ a professional with nerves of steel. Despite various ____34____ ,I got my license finally. I was pleased with myself: it seemed I now had the appropriate kind of fears. Learning to drive makes me a more grown-up and ____35____ adult.21. A. dropped B. replaced C. delayed D. revised22. A. memory B. move C. plan D. attempt23. A. instructor B. partner C. adviser D. operator24. A. went down B. gave up C. turned off D. made out25. A. potential B. ambition C. fears D. skills26. A. humor B. truth C. news D. disaster27. A. aggressive B. fierce C. wrong D. right28. A. arm B. leg C. head D. foot29. A. cure B. find C. free D. check30. A. red-eyed B. one-handed C. warm-blooded D. cold-hearted31. A. motivated B. convinced C. destroyed D. swallowed32. A. accompany B. refresh C. comfort D. qualify33. A. consulted B. recognized C. invited D. hired34. A. regrets B. expectations C. challenges D. exams35. A. curious B. responsible C. demanding D. efficient第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。With the rapid development of third-party mobile payment tools, ___36___increasing number of consumers across China are using cashless payment methods.Transactions(交易)___37___(involve) third-party mobile payments rose by 39. 1 percent in the first quarter of 2021 compared ___38___ the previous quarter to 74 trillion yuan. Although China has the most third-party payment accounts in the world, it is not the first country ___39___(seek) a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden, Denmark and Singapore are also witnessing that increase.However, the rapid development of cashless payments does not mean there are no challenges and criticisms. Alibaba’s Hema Fresh Store, ___40___ customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile phones via Alipay, ___41___(come) into the spotlight recently. Media reports say that consumers can’t purchase goods with cash there, which would be considered ___42___(legal).Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation’s two major third-party mobile payment tools, have also launched ___43___(campaign) to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods, which has caused concerns over ___44___ cash will soon disappear.However, experts believe that a cashless society does not mean that cash will ____45____(complete) disappear. As the economy grows, the circulation of cash is still very huge. In the long term, various payment methods will be used by consumers, and merchants should respect consumers’ payment habits.第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46. 假如你是李华，是学校英语协会的负责人。最近，你校准备邀请英国心理学专家Curry Smith就学习减压举行一个讲座，请你用英语出一则通知。要点：1. 讲座地点、时间；2. 讲座专家、内容；3. 注意事项。注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Notice_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________School English Society第二节（满分25分）47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整短文。续写的词数应为150左右。The whole class burst out laughing as Mohi rushed into the classroom. He was a strange sight. His half-buttoned white shirt revealed a red striped pajama top underneath, and instead of white school shoes, he had on a pair of bright green sandals that were two sizes too big. The physics teacher's hand froze in the middle of writing a formula on the blackboard.Mohi mumbled,‘Sorry, teacher,’ and scuttled (快步疾走) to his seat. Mr. Tan glared at the rest of the students. The chuckles quickly faded away. Mohi's classmates always looked forward to Mondays. Nine times out of ten, they would be entertained by Mohi' slate arrival and his odd appearance which usually included inappropriate clothing. That day, it was the pajama top and green sandals.Mohi lived just a street away from the school. He walked to school daily. Students passing by in buses would yell his name in unison (一起) just to see him jump and stop in his tracks. When he spotted the merry bunch in the bus, he would wave good-naturedly. Although Mohi was likable, he was too lost in his own thoughts to make friends. His classmates found him amusing but they ignored him most of the time. Only Hamed, who sat next to Mohi, tried to be his friend.The following Monday, Mohi did not turn up at school. His classmates were a little disappointed but quickly forgot about him. After school, Hamed decided to walk over to Mohi's house to check on him. As he approached the gate, he could hear violin music. Mohi must be listening to music, he thought. The gate was not locked. Hamed let himself in. He called Mohi's name a few times but there was no response. The music played on. Hamed peered in through a window. His eyes widened in surprise. In the middle of the living room, Mohi was playing the violin. His eyes were closed in concentration as he drew the bow over the strings expertly. He played flawlessly (完美无瑕地), so much so that it sounded like a recording. Hamed left quietly.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Paragraph 1 When Teacher's Day came around, Hamed had a plan.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph 2 As the last note ended, there was a moment of silence.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________听力答案：1-20BACAAABCCAACBBCBABCC