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人教新目标七年级下册Unit 8 重点知识梳理(含答案)
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Unit 8 Is there a post office near here?1、There be 句型 (1)意义: there 本意为“在那儿;那边;”是个地点副词,一般放在句尾 在there be句型中一般在句首 (2)各种时态的结构:一般现在时There is/are… 一般过去时There was/were 一般将来时There is going to be… /There will be… (3)用法: ①表示“有某物在某处” There is/are sth./sb. +地点 例:There is a post office near here.有一个邮局在这附近。/在这附近有一个邮局。 There are many trees in the park. 有许多树在公园里。/公园里有许多树。 ②句型转换(一般疑问句):be动词提前 例:Is there a post office near here? Yes, there is. No, there isn’t. ③特殊疑问句(划线提问): ※There are many trees in the park.(划线部分是主语) What’s in the park?(注意be动词改回is,there省略,如果是人,疑问词用Who) ※There are many trees in the park. (划线部分是地点) Where are the trees? (将many, a lot of等不定数量词改为the或指示代词) ※There are four chairs in the living room. (划线部分是数量词) How many chairs are there in the living room? (how many +主语名词复数 +are there +地点)④就近原则。be动词和后面的第一项主语保持一致 例:There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil box. There are two pens and a pencil in the pencil box.⑤there be 表示“有”,和have意思相同,但不能放在一起或者互换2、方位介词
on在……上面(紧贴着某物,有面的接触) in 在……里面; behind在……后面; between在……之间between…and…在……和……之间; under在……的下面in front of…在…前面(外) in the front of… 在…前面(内)near 在…附近 next to… 在…旁边,靠着… beside 在……旁边over 在……的上方
3、police 警察;警方 是集体名词相当于policemen,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式 例:The police are saving the boy.4、hospital 医院 in the hospital 在医院里 She works in the hospital. 她在医院里工作。 in hospital 住院 She is ill in hospital. 她生病住院了。5、across from 方位介词“在……的对面” cross v. 穿过;横过 cross the street 过马路;过街 crossing n. 十字;十字路口 at the second crossing 在第二个十字路口 across prep.介词/adv. 过;穿过 across from the hospital 在医院对面 6、in、on、at表示“在某地”的用法 in 在……里面,表示在某一范围之内 in town 在镇上 in Shanghai 在上海 on 在……上面,表示在某个平面上,有接触(无接触over) on the table 在桌上 at 在……,表示在某个具体的场所或地点 at home 在家 at school 在学校 在街上: on the street(美式) in the street (英式) 要表示“……街……号”时要用at7、in front of 在……前面 in/at the front of 在……前面 前 中 后8、pay v.& n. 付费,支付 pay phone 付费电话 pay for sth. 为某物付钱 pay…for sth. 付……钱买某物 pay for sb. 替某人付钱 pay sb. 付钱给某人 spend + 时间/钱 on sth. 在某事/物上花时间或金钱 人做主语 (in) doing sth. 在做某事上花时间或金钱四个“花费” pay (+钱) for sth./sb. 为…支付、付款 take:It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花某人多长时间去做某事(一般现在时) 物做主语 It took sb. some time to do sth. 花了某人多长时间去做某事(一般过去时) cost:Sth. cost sb. some money 某物花了某人多少钱9、How can I help you?我能帮您做点儿什么吗?(是向他人伸出援手、主动提出帮助的客套语)相当于 What can I do for you? May/ Can I help you? 或Is there anything I can do for you? 肯定回答:Yes,please. / I want/ need… 否定回答:No,thanks.10、around 介词 “在……周围” 副词 “大约” 相当于about常用搭配:show sb. around… 带领某人参观……/ 带某人四处转转 around the world 全世界 look around 环顾四周 travel around… 环…旅行/ 在……到处旅行11、far from… = far away from… 离……远 例:My home is far (away) from the school. 我家离学校远。away from… 用于具体数字之后,表示“离……有多远的距离” 例:It’s about 3 kilometers away from my home. 它离我家大约3千米远。 12、问路的常用句式 Excuse me. Is there a/an…(near here /around here /in the neighborhood/ …) Excuse me. How can I get to the…? Excuse me. Where is the…? Excuse me. Could /Can you (please) tell me the way to …?(你能告诉我去……的路吗?) Excuse me. Which is the way to …? Excuse me. Could /Can you (please) tell me how to get to the …? 宾语从句用陈述语序 Excuse me. Could /Can you (please) tell me where …is /are?13、指路常用语 Go/Walk along this road/street. 顺着这条路/街走。 go straight 直走,一直往前走 Turn right/left at the first/second crossing(十字路口)/ traffic lights(交通信号灯).在第一/二个十字路口右/左转 参照物:It’s across from the… It’s next to the… It’s between…and… It’s on your right/left. 14、go along … 沿着……走 = walk along go down例:You can go/walk along this road and turn right at the second crossing.15、turn v. 转 turn right/left 右/左转 变得(系动词) The leaves turn yellow in autumn. 到了秋天,叶子都变黄。 n. 轮次 It’s your turn to clean the room. 轮到你打扫房间了。短语辨析:turn on 打开(开关) turn off 关掉(开关) turn up 调高(音量等) turn down 调小(音量等)16、spend time +地点 在……度过时光 过去式spent17、watch sb. doing sth. 看某人做某事 例:I love to watch the monkeys climbing around. 我喜欢看猴子们到处爬.类似用法:see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事18、look like 看起来像 例: They look like my friends and me. 他们看起来就像我和我的朋友们一样。19、when 特殊疑问词 “什么时候” 引导时间状语从句 “当……的时候” 例:I want to be a dancer when I grow up. 当我长大以后,我想成为一名舞蹈者。20、To get there, I usually… 为了到那儿,我通常……To get to the park, you just have to…… 要想到公园,你只要……to do 不定式短语放在句首表示“为了做某事”,表示目的,要用逗号隔开,也可以把这部分放在后面例:To get there, I usually walk out and turn right on Bridge Road. I usually walk out and turn right on Bridge Road to get there.21、shop v. 购物 n. 商店 = storego shopping 去购物 (shop 的过去式和现在分词都需要双写尾字母)22、free adj. 免费的 do not need money 不需要钱 自由的;无拘束的 freedom n. 自由 空闲的;有空的23、neighborhood n. 街区;街坊 in the neighborhood 在这个街区 neighbor 可数名词 邻居24、enjoy v. 喜欢;享受……的乐趣;欣赏近义词:like; love固定搭配:enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 enjoy oneself 过得愉快拓展记忆:后面跟doing的动词 :finish完成;practice练习;mind介意25、money 不可数名词 “钱”make money 赚钱 save money 省钱;存钱 pocket money 零花钱 lucky money压岁钱语法专练 答案:针对训练1I. 1. is 2. don’t 3. ones 4. doing 5. policemenII. 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. BIII. 11. in hospital; in the hospital 12. in/on the street 13. across from 14. look around; close to/next to 15. in the front of 针对训练2I. 1. crossing 2. play 3. easily 4. is 5. taking II.6. A 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.A III.11. Go/Walk along/down; on your left 12. looks like 13. is free; pay for 14. turn right; first crossing 15. To get there语法专练I. 1.C 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.C 6. A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C II. 11. are not any 12. Is there any 13. Yes, there are 14. How many bikes 15. How much
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