河北省衡水中学2022届高三上学期第二次调研考试英语试题

这是一份河北省衡水中学2022届高三上学期第二次调研考试英语试题，共23页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，根据汉语意思填写单词，用单词的适当形式完成句子，根据中英文提示填写单词，根据所给汉语提示填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。
河北省衡水中学2022届高三上学期第二次调研考试英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解
Lonely Planet Trips
Here are some travel destinations by Lonely Planet. Reading them, you’ll be in a flash.
Bhutan
The Kingdom of Bhutan, located on the Silk Road in South Asia, claimed the No. 1 spot partly for its majestic beauty and because it had become the first fully organic nation by 2020. The kingdom has lush subtropical plains in the south and sub-alpine Himalayan mountains in the north, which include Gangkhar Puensum, Bhutan’s highest peak and is believed to be the highest unclimbed mountain in the world.
North Macedonia
If you want an alternative to Europe's more popular travel spots, North Macedonia could be for you. Its mountains and their trails are “blissfully quiet” and the locals are “unfailingly helpful” according to Lonely Planet. Among its destinations is Ohrid, a charming, old town dotted with medieval ruins and churches, lined with cobblestone streets, and overlooking Lake Ohrid.
Eswatini
The kingdom offers multitudinous climate and topography differences, and is known for its wide varieties of wild animals, which include more than 500 bird species and 107 mammal species. The nation has seven nature reserves, four frontier conservation areas and three wildlife reserves.
Costa Rica
Costa Rica is beloved for many reasons, from its coffee to its epic surfing. It’s also notable for its reliance on green energy sources. In fact, 90% of its energy is created by regenerative sources such as wind and hydro. It is also one of the world’s most biodiverse countries — home to half a million species. Of course, no trip to Costa Rica is complete without a visit to the Sloth Sanctuary.
1．What can tourists appreciate in both Bhutan and North Macedonia?
A．Organic products. B．Subtropical jungles.
C．Medieval architecture. D．Mountain scenery.
2．Which of the following features Eswatini?
A．Pleasant quietness. B．Topography varieties.
C．Abundant wildlife. D．Cobblestone streets.
3．What is Costa Rica distinguished for?
A．Renewable resources. B．Biodiverse plants.
C．Frontier preserves. D．The Silk Road.

He Zehui, a Chinese nuclear physicist, accomplished great things in physics and became an outstanding scientist.
Her family is famous for producing three famous women scientists, including her two sisters. She graduated from Tsinghua University in 1936 with a degree in physics, and then went on to study at the Technical University of Berlin, where she was the top in her class, outperforming her future husband Qian Sanqiang — China's "father of the atomic bomb”. In 1940, she earned a Ph. D．in Engineering.
The couple made great discoveries in the field of uranium fission（铀核裂变），which drew global attention and earned them worldwide reputations, also marking a milestone in the development of China's experimental fission physics. Many Western media called the couple the “Marie Curie and Pierre Curie of China”・
As one of the pioneers in nuclear science and technology in China, Professor He contributed a great deal to nuclear physics. During the 1950s, she started the research and development of nuclear emulsions（核乳胶）in China and their research reached the advanced world level at that time. He and her research group took the lead in building China's first nuclear reactor and accelerator. She was awarded the first Award of the National Prize of Natural Sciences for making outstanding achievements in supporting the national program of nuclear weapon development.
Throughout her career, He conquered many obstacles, and was always on the front lines of China's science-related work. She published dozens of papers yet placed little value on personal fame. The world's top physicists recognized He as a famous scientist, “ Chinese Madame Curie”.
He passed away in Beijing in 2011 at the age of 97, nearly 20 years after Qian Sanqiang. She dedicated herself to science, living a simple life, always nurturing young researchers and maintaining the highest standards that she had always valued. She loved her country and science; to both she is now an icon.
4．What is the focus of paragraph 2 about He Zehui?
A．Identity background. B．Character personalities.
C．Education experiences. D．Profession competence.
5．What do we know about Qian Sanqiang?
A．He died following his wife in 1991.
B．He won the National Prize of Natural Sciences.
C．He assisted He Zehui to develop fission physics.
D．He is also a remarkable Chinese scientist.
6．Why is He Zehui acknowledged as "The Chinese Marie Curie”？
A．For her great contributions to nuclear physics.
B．For her accomplishment in the atomic bomb.
C．For her continuous achievement in natural science.
D．For her research of nuclear emulsions.
7．How can we fittingly describe He Zehui?
A．Ambitious, talented, conservative and determined.
B．Unselfish, patriotic, indifferent to fame and devoted to science.
C．Aggressive, imaginative, strong in mind and kind in heart.
D．Knowledgeable, awesome, creative and sociable.

While many of us may have been away somewhere nice last summer, few would say that we’ve “summered.” “Summer” is clearly a noun, more precisely, a verbed noun.
Way back in our childhood, we all learned the difference between a noun and a verb. With such a tidy definition, it was easy to spot the difference. Not so in adulthood, where we are expected to “foot” bills, “chair” committees, and “dialogue” with political opponents. Chances are you didn’t feel uncomfortable about the sight of those verbed nouns.
“The verbing of nouns is as old as the English language,” says Patricia O’Conner, a former editor at The New York Times Book Review. Experts estimate that 20 percent of all English verbs were originally nouns. And the phenomenon seems to be snowballing. Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns.
Even though conversion (转化) is quite universal, plenty of grammarians object to the practice. William Strunk Jr. and E.B．White, in The Elements of Style — the Bible for the use of American English — have this to say: “Many nouns lately have been pressed into service as verbs. Not all are bad, but all are suspect.” The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care.
“Sometimes people object to a new verb because they resist what is unfamiliar to them,” says O’Conner. That’s why we’re comfortable “hosting” a party, but we might feel upset by the thought of “medaling” in sports. So are there any rules for verbing? Benjamin Dreyer, copy chief at Random House, doesn’t offer a rule, but suggests that people think twice about “verbifying” a noun if it’s easily replaceable by an already existing popular verb. Make sure it’s descriptive but not silly-sounding, he says.
In the end, however, style is subjective. Easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries; it is one of the processes that make English “English.” Not every coinage (新创的词语) passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it.
8．What can we learn about the verbing of nouns?
A．It hasn’t recently been opposed by many grammarians.
B．It is more commonly accepted by children than adults.
C．It hasn’t been a rare phenomenon in the past century.
D．It is easily replaced by existing verbs in practice
9．What is most leading experts’ attitude towards the practice of the verbing of nouns?
A．Cautious. B．Satisfied.
C．Disappointed. D．Unconcerned.
10．What does the author think of ending the verbing of nouns?
A．Predictable. B．Practicable.
C．Approaching. D．Impossible.
11．What is the best title for the text?
A．Are 40 Percent of all new verbs from nouns？
B．Are Summering and Medaling Annoying?
C．Are You Comfortable about a New Verb?
D．Are There Any Rules for Verbing?

Humans are not the only ones that like gold. Australian scientists have discovered a new fungus (真菌) that decorates its long, thread-like tendrils (卷须) with gold collected from the soil. The experts desperately hope the “gold digger” will provide information on the locations of gold deposits (沉淀物) and make searching for the precious metal easier, and more environmentally friendly.
The gold-loving fungus was discovered accidentally by a team of researchers led by Dr. Tsing Bohu, a scientist at Australia national science agency, CSIRO, when they were examining the microbes (微生物) in the soil at Boddington, a tiny town home to Australia's largest gold mine.
A closer analysis suggested that the fungus uses chemical interactions with underground minerals to accumulate gold from its surroundings. Though fungi often interact with other things in nature, the reaction with gold was unexpected. “Fungi are well-known for playing an important role in the recycling of organic material, such as leaves and bark, as well as for the cycling of other metals,” Dr. Bohu explained. “But gold is so chemically inactive that this interaction is both unusual and surprising.”
The fungi are not wearing the gold for beauty. “There is a biological benefit from this reaction.” Dr. Bohu said, “Gold-loving fungi can grow faster and bigger relative to other fungi that don’t work with gold.”
The researchers still need to conduct further analysis to understand the relationship between the fungi and the precious metal. More importantly, they need to determine if its presence is a sure sign of the existence of large deposits of the metal underground. The scientists also believe the fungi could be used to detect the presence of gold in waste products and man-made electronics.
However, those hoping to get free gold from the fungi are in for a disappointment, for the delicate fungus is hard to see. Also, its gold can only be seen under a microscope.
12．What are the experts starved of?
A．Investigating the sites. B．Excavating the gold mines.
C．Getting further informed. D．Unearthing gold deposits.
13．What could be learned according to Dr. Bohu?
A．Fungi’s interaction with gold is unexpected but beneficial.
B．Gold’s classification is biologically identified by fungi.
C．Fungi’s formation with gold is fairly natural and frequent.
D．Gold is chemically accumulated by fungi’s evolution.
14．How does the author find the finding?
A．It excites the gold diggers’ motivation.
B．It has a long way to go before confirmation.
C．It lays the foundation of geological studies.
D．It ensures the search of gold sites.
15．What can be the suitable title for the text?
A．Beauty-loving Fungi Wrapped by Gold
B．Gold-loving Fungi Discovered in Australia
C．Boddington, Austria’s Largest Gold Mine
D．New Discovery of Gold with Fungi

二、七选五
Talking to yourself may seem a little shameful. According to the well-known saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of madness, ___16___ Talking to ourselves, whether out loud or silently in our heads, is a valuable tool for thought.
Far from being mentally ill, self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do, manage our activities, regulate our emotions and even create a description of our experience.___17___
As children, according to the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky, we use private speech to regulate our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others.___18___ Psychological experiments have shown that the private speech can improve our performance on tasks ranging from judging what other people are thinking to sorting images into categories. One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we address ourselves in the second person, as “you” rather than “I”.
___19___ If you want proof, turn on the sports channel. You’re certain to see an athlete or two cheering themselves up with a bitter phrase or scolding themselves after a bad shot.
Conduct a dialogue with ourselves.___20___ The private speech seems to be a particularly good way of solving problems and working through ideas. The to-and-fro between different points of view means our thoughts can end up in expected places, just like a regular dialogue can, and might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity.
A．What is private speech?
B．But there is no need for embarrassment.
C．Psychologists refer to this as private speech.
D．Ask questions of the self and provide answers.
E．We do a lot of private speech when we are young.
F．As we grow older, we make the private speech become the way of blinking,
G．Although the private speech is effective, we never entirely put away the out-loud speech.

三、完形填空
A few years ago, my father arranged to send me a mail-order fruitcake at Christmastime. While I had recently settled in Manhattan with a good job, he ___21___my cupboards and refrigerator might be bare.
I was 44 then, and he was 72. He wanted me to have a particular brand of fruitcake. Made in Texas, it was famous among fruitcake lovers-or, ___22___ , among people who gave fruitcakes to those who were assumed to ___23___ them. "It reminds me of my mother's," he said. My grandmother's ___24___ , I later learnt, was a cake typical of the Great Depression Dad grew up in, made without sugar, butter or eggs.
___25___ the fruitcake was his way of trying to take care of me from afar. Regardless of my ___26___ status, I was still his son. A fruitcake, in his mind, was a ___27___ Christmas gift: Fruitcake can fill your belly and has a long shelf life.
“It should arrive the first week of December,“ he said. "Let me know what you think ___28___ you get it." I was looking forward to ___29___ the flavors that transported him to his childhood. The first week of December passed with no sign of his fruitcake. ____30____ by holiday mail, I assumed.
He remained ____31____ the fruitcake would come by New Year's Eve. Yet, January, February, and March came and went with no fruitcake. Though my father ____32____ to ask about it, I never once considered lying and telling him the fruitcake had ____33____arrived and was delicious. Instead I said, “That cake is orbiting earth, and sooner or later it will ____34____ . ”
Early last December, nearly a year after my father died from a failing heart, I got a call saying, “You have a package. " I went downstairs to pick it up. The brown box had a FedEx label with a ____35____ address in Texas.
21．A．feared B．sensed C．complained D．prayed
22．A．above all B．in turn C．at least D．on the whole
23．A．take B．love C．need D．possess
24．A．wish B．recipe C．version D．faith
25．A．Making B．Sharing C．Delivering D．Ordering
26．A．disadvantaged B．middle-aged C．emotional D．personal
27．A．perfect B．cheap C．popular D．delicate
28．A．unless B．before C．once D．though
29．A．creating B．sampling C．exposing D．spreading
30．A．Mixed B．Burdened C．Replaced D．Delayed
31．A．skeptical B．concerned C．hopeful D．interested
32．A．forgot B．continued C．managed D．hesitated
33．A．finally B．gradually C．hardly D．annually
34．A．rot B．explode C．melt D．land
35．A．campus B．file C．destination D．return
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yungang Grottoes (石窟) in Datong, Shanxi Province, are a world cultural heritage (遗产) site with a history that ____36____ (go) back more than 1,500 years. In Yungang’s 45 big grottoes and more than 200 small grottoes, roughly 59,000 figures of the Buddha, ____37____ (be) a priceless treasure of human culture.
____38____because of the effects of climate change and natural disasters, the grottoes face damage year after year. Thanks to ____39____ (advance) digital technology, researchers are busy “duplicating” (复制) the Yungang Grottoes in an attempt to preserve the precious cultural relics (遗物). Employing 3D laser scanning technology, the researchers____40____ (digital) record the shapes, colors and other fine details of the grottoes and later reproduce____41____by using 3D printing technology.
The new technology could enable more people____42____ (access) the cultural relics despite the distance. In June, 2020, the Zhejiang University Cultural Relics Research Institute and Yungang Grottoes Research Institute together “copied and pasted” Cave No. 12 of the Yungang Grottoes for an____43____ (exhibit) in Hangzhou, in which is the world’s first 3D-printed 1:1 “copy” of a grotto.
These Yungang____44____ (researcher) attempt is a good example of technology helping to preserve cultural heritage. It is hoped_____45_____the new digitalized technologies will facilitate the “rebirth” of the cultural relics, and bring them to more places worldwide.
五、根据汉语意思填写单词
46．A group of women came along, each________（顶着；使平衡）a pot of water on her head. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
六、用单词的适当形式完成句子
47．Critics say these programmes are_______(base) bad television, but people watch them. (所给词的适当形式填空)
七、根据中英文提示填写单词
48．Immediate action should be taken to b_______（改善）the environment. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
49．The "Foreign Cultures" section c_______（刊登）articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
八、根据所给汉语提示填空
50．Some people prefer to go out for travelling since it can increase their knowledge and________ ________ ________ (开阔眼界)．(根据汉语提示完成句子)
九、开放性作文
51．你校于上周三举办了建校70周年学生红歌合唱比赛，作为校英文报记者，请你写一篇报道，内容包括：
1．前期准备；
2．比赛情况。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．不得出现真实班级、学校、姓名；
3．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
十、读后续写
52．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
An Act of Neighborliness
The skies were dark. A strong wind was blowing hard, cutting my face like a sharp knife. Rain fell in big drops and thunder and lightning flashed across the skies. I shook with cold and fear as I walked home, through the streams of muddy water. Some people were rushing by, completely wet in the heavy rain.
Along the way, I saw some schoolchildren holding their heavy schoolbags tightly and rushing home, I also saw that some road repair work had been abandoned by workers. Obviously, the workers had left in a hurry because of the storm. There were few signs and it was hard to see what was on the road. There were pieces of wood and metal and it looked like a hole had been dug and hurriedly covered with boards.
I moved on but suddenly stopped as I heard some sounds. It sounded like children crying. I quickly turned back and went back to the place from where the sounds came. I was frightened! To my sadness, I found that a small child had fallen into the hole on the road. The boards had moved away with the force of the rushing water. I could hardly see the child as it was dark all around me. I told he that I was going to look for help. I knew the neighbors well, and they all shared a sense of neighborliness, willing to give a hand.
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Actually, I was not sure of what to do or where to go but decided to go to the nearest house for help.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The parents of the child who just arrived from work were totally shocked to hear of what had happened.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：
1．D
2．C
3．A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是说明文。文章介绍了《孤独星球》推荐的四个旅行圣地——不丹、北马其顿、伊斯瓦蒂尼和哥斯达黎加。
1．
细节理解题。根据Bhutan部分中的“The kingdom has lush subtropical plains in the south and sub-alpine Himalayan mountains in the north, which include Gangkhar Puensum, Bhutan’s highest peak and is believed to be the highest unclimbed mountain in the world.(不丹南部有郁郁葱葱的亚热带平原，北部有亚高山喜马拉雅山脉，其中包括不丹的最高峰甘卡普森山，它被认为是世界上最高的未被攀登的山峰)”及North Macedonia部分中的“Its mountains and their trails are “blissfully quiet” and the locals are “unfailingly helpful” according to Lonely Planet.(《孤独星球》称，这里的山脉和小径“宁静得令人幸福”，当地人“永远乐于助人”)”可知，不丹和北马其顿能让游客欣赏到山景。故选D项。
2．
细节理解题。根据Eswatini部分中的“The kingdom offers multitudinous climate and topography differences, and is known for its wide varieties of wild animals, which include more than 500 bird species and 107 mammal species. The nation has seven nature reserves, four frontier conservation areas and three wildlife reserves.(这个王国拥有众多不同的气候和地形，并以其丰富多样的野生动物而闻名，其中包括500多种鸟类和107种哺乳动物。国家有七个自然保护区，四个边境保护区和三个野生动物保护区)”可知，伊斯瓦蒂尼以其丰富多样的野生动物而闻名。故选C项。
3．
细节理解题。根据Costa Rica部分中的“It’s also notable for its reliance on green energy sources. In fact, 90% of its energy is created by regenerative sources such as wind and hydro.(它对绿色能源的依赖也值得注意。事实上，它90%的能源是由风能和水能等可再生能源产生的)”可知，哥斯达黎加以可再生资源著称。故选A项。
【点睛】
阅读理解题之细节理解解题要注意：1.排除干扰项，突出主题。2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关信息，预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。3.将注意力放在寻找你所需要的细节上，快速浏览，一目十行。发现细节，十目一行，放慢速度，仔细核对比较，直到找到正确答案。
4．C
5．D
6．A
7．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了“中国的居里夫人”何泽慧及其成就。
4．
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“She graduated from Tsinghua University in 1936 with a degree in physics, and then went on to study at the Technical University of Berlin, where she was the top in her class, outperforming her future husband Qian Sanqiang — China's "father of the atomic bomb”. In 1940, she earned a Ph. D. in Engineering.( 1936年，她毕业于清华大学物理系，随后进入柏林工业大学学习。在那里，她以优异的成绩超越了她未来的丈夫、中国的“原子弹之父”钱三强，成为班上的第一名。1940年，她获得了工程学博士学位。)”可知，本段主要介绍何泽慧的教育经历。故选C。
5．
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“and then went on to study at the Technical University of Berlin, where she was the top in her class, outperforming her future husband Qian Sanqiang — China's "father of the atomic bomb”. (随后进入柏林工业大学学习。在那里，她以优异的成绩超越了她未来的丈夫、中国的“原子弹之父”钱三强，成为班上的第一名。)”和第三段介绍的夫妻俩的成就可知，其丈夫钱三强也是一位伟大的中国科学家。故选D。
6．
推理判断题。根据第一段“He Zehui, a Chinese nuclear physicist, accomplished great things in physics and became an outstanding scientist.(中国核物理学家何泽辉在物理学上做出了巨大成就，成为一名杰出的科学家。)”、第三段的最后一句“Many Western media called the couple the “Marie Curie and Pierre Curie of China”. (许多西方媒体称这对夫妇的“中国居里夫人和皮埃尔·居里”。)”和第四段的第一句“As one of the pioneers in nuclear science and technology in China, Professor He contributed a great deal to nuclear physics. (作为我国核科学技术的开拓者之一，何教授对核物理做出了重要贡献。)”可知，因何泽慧对中国的核物理作出了巨大贡献，西方媒体称其为“中国的居里夫人”。故选A。
7．
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“She published dozens of papers yet placed little value on personal fame.(她发表了几十篇论文，但并不看重个人名声。)”和最后一段“She dedicated herself to science, living a simple life, always nurturing young researchers and maintaining the highest standards that she had always valued. She loved her country and science;(她献身于科学，过着简朴的生活，总是培养年轻的研究人员，保持着她一直以来所重视的最高标准。她爱她的国家和科学;)”可知，何泽慧淡泊名利、爱国、乐于助人，献身于中国的科学事业，有极高的科研素养，对中国的核物理的研究和发展作出了极大的贡献，是值得我们学习、顶礼膜拜的杰出的核物理学家。故选B。
8．C
9．A
10．D
11．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。主要内容是英语语言中“名词动用”的语言现象，据专家估计20%的英语动词原本是名词，但大多数专家对“名词动用”这类名词的使用持有谨慎态度。也有人反对新动词，因为他们抗拒自己不熟悉的东西。文章就此展开了讨论。
8．推理判断题。根据第三段的Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns.（自1900年以来，大约40%的新动词来自名词）可知，我们知道在过去的一个世纪里，名词动用并不是罕见的现象。故选C。
9．推理判断题。根据第四段的Not all are bad, but all are suspect.（不是所有的都是坏的，但所有的都是可疑的）和The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care.（《芝加哥文体手册》也持类似观点，建议作者小心使用动词）可知，对于名词动用的用法，大多数的专家持谨慎的态度。故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段的Not every coinage (新创的词语) passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it.（并不是所有的造词都被广泛使用，但是想要完全停止动词的使用，还是算了吧）可知，作者认为结束名词动用用法的使用是不可能的，故选D。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文以及文章的可知，英语语言中“名词动用”的语言现象，据专家估计20%的英语动词原本是名词，但大多数专家对“名词动用”这类名词的使用持有谨慎态度，但是完全杜绝这类词的使用又是不可能的。也有人反对新动词，因为他们抗拒自己不熟悉的东西，用正反两个观点来说明这类名词动用的语言现象是否受人欢迎，故引用文章中的名词动用的两个词Summering和Medaling来进行概括，故B选项（Summering和Medaling很讨厌吗？）可以作为本文标题，故选B。
12．C
13．A
14．B
15．B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。科学家发现了“喜欢”金子的真菌。本文介绍了其发现经过、生物习性及相应的科学展望。
12．
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The experts desperately hope the “gold digger” will provide information on the locations of gold deposits (沉淀物) and make searching for the precious metal easier, and more environmentally friendly.”可知，专家们迫切希望“淘金者”能提供金矿的位置信息，使寻找这种贵金属变得更容易，更环保。由此可知，专家们希望获得更多关于携带金子的真菌的信息。故选C。
13．
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Though fungi often interact with other things in nature, the reaction with gold was unexpected.”及Dr. Bohu说的话“But gold is so chemically inactive that this interaction is both unusual and surprising.”可知，虽然真菌经常与自然界中的其他事物相互作用，但与黄金的反应却是出乎意料的。黄金的化学反应并不活跃，两者间的相互作用既不寻常又令人惊讶。再根据第四段中的““There is a biological benefit from this reaction.” Dr. Bohu said, “Gold-loving fungi can grow faster and bigger relative to other fungi that don’t work with gold.””可知，“这种反应有生物学上的好处。” Dr. Bohu说，“与其他不能与黄金共生的真菌相比，喜欢黄金的真菌可以生长得更快、更大。”由此可知，Dr. Bohu认为真菌与黄金的相互作用出人意料，但却是有益的。故选A。
14．
推理判断题。根据第五段中“The researchers still need to conduct further analysis to understand the relationship between the fungi and the precious metal. More importantly, they need to determine if its presence is a sure sign of the existence of large deposits of the metal underground.(研究人员仍然需要进行进一步的分析，以了解真菌和贵金属之间的关系。更重要的是，他们需要确定它的存在是否是地下存在大量金属矿床的确切迹象)”以及最后一段“However, those hoping to get free gold from the fungi are in for a disappointment, for the delicate fungus is hard to see.(然而，那些希望从真菌中获得免费黄金的人注定要失望了，因为这种脆弱的真菌很难看到)”可推断出，作者认为此发现尚需做深入的研究。故选B。
15．
主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Humans are not the only ones that like gold. Australian scientists have discovered a new fungus (真菌) that decorates its long, thread-like tendrils (卷须) with gold collected from the soil.”以及后文都是对该喜金真菌的描述，包括发现方式、发现分析及对其的科学展望等可知，标题核心词为gold-loving fungi(喜金真菌)。A项中核心词为beauty-loving fungi(爱美真菌)，错误；C选项中核心词为gold mine(金矿)，错误；D选项中核心词为gold with fungi(含真菌的金子)，错误。故选B。
【点睛】
标题猜测题目的解题步骤。一、阅读题目要求，确定文章主题；二，通读短文，了解段落内容作简要概括，留意核心词（比如本文的核心词为gold-loving fungi）；三、参看全文，对答案检验，是否存在段落与标题不符的情况。比如第4题选中B答案后，要将该标题带到每个分段落中，看是否存在不符。如果存在，就得重新考虑标题选择；不存在，即可确定答案。
16．B
17．C
18．F
19．G
20．D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。自言自语似乎显得有点丢人。 自言自语非但不代表精神失常，而且恰恰相反，它有助于我们规划要做的事情和管控自己的各种活动和情绪，甚至还能创作一段关于自己经历的故事。
16．根据上文“用人们熟知的话来说，自言自语是变疯的第一迹象。”以及空格后“自言自语——无论是大声说出还是在心中默念——都很有价值，是思考的一种工具。” 得知空格处表示转折，尽管大家以为自言自语不好，但你不必感到尴尬。故选B。
17．根据上文“自言自语有助于我们规划要做的事情和管控自己的各种活动和情绪，甚至还能创作一段关于自己经历的故事。” 得知空格处表示总结：心理学家将这种行为称作私下话语。故选C。
18．根据下文“心理学实验已经表明，这种所谓的内在言语可以提高我们处理一些事情的能力，比如从判断别人在想什么，到把图片分门别类。” 得知空格处表示过渡：随着我们年龄的增长，我们并没有放弃这个体系——我们把它内化了。故选F。
19．根据下文举例“打开体育频道，你一定会看到有那么一两个运动员在对自己说着鼓劲儿话，或是在没投中球后狠狠地责备自己。” 得知空格处表示转折：我们内化了在孩童时期使用的私下话语，但我们却从未完全放弃大声说出的方式。故选G。
20．根据空上文“与自己进行对话。” 得知空格处承接上文表示：自问自答似乎是一种很好的解决问题和理清想法的方式。故选D。
21．A
22．C
23．B
24．C
25．D
26．B
27．A
28．C
29．B
30．D
31．C
32．B
33．A
34．D
35．D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文，讲述了圣诞节前72岁的老父亲给儿子邮购了一款水果糕点，这款糕点能让老父亲想起自己的童年和母亲。然而，直到一年后的圣诞节前作者才收到这包点心，此时老父亲已去世。
21．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我已经在曼哈顿安顿好，工作也很好，但他唯恐我的橱柜和冰箱是空的。A. feared唯恐，担心；B. sensed意识到，感觉到；C. complained抱怨，牢骚；D. prayed祈祷。作者搬入新的城市，父亲在远方担心儿子吃不好，乃人之常情，所以给儿子邮购糕点。故选A项。
22．
考查介词短语词辨析。句意：产于德克萨斯的这款糕点在爱好者当中还是很出名的，至少是那些送给喜欢这款糕点的人。A. above all 首先，最重要的是；B. in turn轮流，反过来；. at least至少；D. on the whole从总体来说。at least意思是“至少，最低限度”。这款蛋糕至少是在某些人群中受欢迎的。故选C项。
23．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：产于德克萨斯的这款糕点在爱好者当中还是很出名的，至少是那些送给喜欢这款糕点的人。A. take拿走；B. love喜爱；C. need需要；D. possess拥有。上文“gave fruitcakes to those”送糕点给人，应该送认为对方会喜欢的东西。故选B项。
24．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来我知道了，我祖母喜欢的这款是一种经济大萧条时期的典型的蛋糕，不含糖，不含奶油，不含鸡蛋。我父亲就是在这一时期长大的。A. wish愿望；B. recipe配方；C. version版本；D. faith信心。此处在介绍这种祖母喜欢的糕点是一款什么版本的。故选C项。
25．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：定制邮寄一包糕点，是他表达想要照顾我的一种方式。A. Making制作；B. Sharing分享；C. Delivering递送；D. Ordering订购。父亲和儿子不在一个城市，父亲为儿子订制蛋糕。故选D项。
26．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我已人到中年，但在父亲眼里，我仍然是他的孩子。A. disadvantaged处于劣势的；B. middle-aged中年的；C. emotional情感的；D. personal个人的。上文提到“I was 44 then, and he was 72”。故选B项。
27．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在他看来，一包果脯糕点就是最完美的圣诞礼物，既能填饱肚子，保质期又长。A. perfect完美的；B. cheap便宜的；C. popular流行的；D. delicate精致的。父亲担心儿子吃不饱，这款糕点能填饱肚子，还好存放，父亲觉得很好很合适儿子。故选A项。
28．
考查连词词意辨析。句意：一旦你收到包裹，就告诉我你觉得怎么样。A. unless除非；B.before在之前；C. once一旦……就；D. though虽然。父亲希望知道儿子是否喜欢这糕点，想让儿子收到时，及时反馈。故选C项。
29．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我期待着品尝到能把父亲带回童年的味道。A. creating创造；B. sampling品尝；C. exposing接触，使暴露；D. spreading传播。儿子没吃过父亲邮寄的这种糕点，希望收到后可以尝尝。sample 名词 “样品”，动词“当做样品，试验，试吃”。故选B项。
30．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：12月的第一周过去了，没有收到，我心想应该是节日的邮件多，我的包裹被耽误了。A. Mixed混合；B. Burdened被负载；C. Replaced被取代；D. Delayed被延误。圣诞节前后，邮寄包裹会很多，送货可能会慢一些。故选D项。
31．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他仍希望在圣诞节前夕蛋糕能够送达。A. skeptical怀疑态度的；B. concerned担心的；C. hopeful满怀希望的；D. interested感兴趣的。根据下文“Yet, January, February, and March came and went with no fruitcake.（然而，三个月过去了，仍没收到）”yet转折可知，包裹没有如期到达，父亲仍满怀希望圣诞节前夕到达，但是几个月后仍没收到。故选C项。
32．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然父亲一直坚持问包裹的事情，但我从未想过撒谎骗他说终于收到了，很好吃。A. forgot忘记；B. continued继续，持续；C. managed经营，管理，设法；D. hesitated犹豫。我一直没收到包裹，也没撒谎骗父亲，可知父亲还是时常询问包裹。故选B项。
33．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然父亲一直坚持问包裹的事情，但我从未想过撒谎骗他说终于收到了，很好吃。A. finally终于，最后；B. gradually渐渐地，逐渐的；C. hardly几乎不，几乎没有；D. annually每年，一年一次。等待好久的包裹到来时应该表示“终于到了”。故选A项。
34．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那个糕点包裹在绕地球运行，迟早会落地的。A. rot腐烂；B. explode爆炸；C. melt融化；D. land落地，着陆。 由上文“That cake is orbiting earth”可知，作者开玩笑说那个糕点包裹绕行地球，那早晚得着陆的。故选D项。
35．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那个棕色的盒子上有一个标签，写着寄件人地址德克萨斯州。A. campus校园；B. file档案文件；C. destination目的地；D. return返回。邮寄信件或包裹时会有“return adress（回信地址，寄信人地址）”，这个包裹是父亲从德克萨斯州发出的，所以德克萨斯州就是return address。故选D项。
36．goes
37．are
38．But
39．advanced
40．digitally
41．them
42．to access
43．exhibition
44．researchers’
45．that
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。山西大同云冈石窟是世界文化遗产，距今已有1500多年的历史。文章主要介绍研究人员使用数字技术复制云冈石窟，希望保存这些遗产。
36．
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：山西大同的云冈石窟是世界文化遗产，可追溯至1500多年前。句子陈述客观事实用一般现在时，且定语从句修饰先行词history，从句中谓语动词与先行词保持一致，应用第三人称单数形式。故填goes。
37．
考查主谓一致。句意：云冈的45个大石窟和200多个小石窟中，大约有5.9万尊佛像，是人类文化中无价的财富。句子陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为“45 big grottoes and more than 200 small grottoes”，谓语动词用复数。故填are。
38．
考查连词。句意：但是由于气候变化和自然灾难的影响，石窟一年年地面临着破坏。上文提到石窟的价值，结合空后“石窟一年年地面临着破坏”可知，上下文是转折关系，应用but，句首单词首字母要大写。故填But。
39．
考查形容词。句意：由于先进的数字技术，研究人员正忙于“复制”云冈石窟，试图保护珍贵的文物。修饰后文名词短语digital technology，应用形容词advanced，作定语。故填advanced。
40．
考查副词。句意：利用3D激光扫描技术，研究人员将石窟的形状、颜色和其他细节数字记录下来，然后使用3D打印技术进行复制。修饰后文动词record应用副词digitally，作状语。故填digitally。
41．
考查代词。句意：利用3D激光扫描技术，研究人员将石窟的形状、颜色和其他细节数字记录下来，然后使用3D打印技术进行复制。此处指对上文提到的“shapes, colors and other fine details of the grottoes”进行复制，作宾语，应用代词them。故填them。
42．
考查非谓语动词。句意：这项新技术可以让更多的人在距离遥远的情况下接触到文物。结合句意表示“让某人能够做某事”可知短语为enable sb. to do sth.。故填to access。
43．
考查名词。句意：2020年6月，浙江大学文物研究所和云冈石窟研究所在杭州的一个展览会上共同“复制粘贴”了云冈石窟第12窟，这是世界上第一个3D打印一比一“复制”的石窟。空处作宾语，表示“展览”应用名词exhibition，冠词an提示应用单数。故填exhibition。
44．
考查名词的数和所有格。句意：云冈研究人员的尝试是科技帮助保护文化遗产的一个很好的例子。根据上文these可知researcher应用复数，且与后文名词attempt构成所属关系，故应用名词所有格researchers’。故填researchers’。
45．
考查固定句型。句意：人们希望新的数字化技术能够促进文物的“重生”，并将其带到世界更多地方。结合句意表示“人们希望……”句型为it is hoped that…，it作形式主语，that从句为真正主语。故填that。
46．balancing
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一群妇女走了过来，每人头上顶着一壶水。设空处在句中作非谓语，和句子的逻辑主语each之间是逻辑主动关系。应用现在分词形式。故填balancing。
47．basically
【解析】
【详解】
考查副词。句意：批评家们说这些节目基本上是差的电视，但是人们看。空格修饰本句的谓语动词，应该使用副词，故填basically。
48．better##etter
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查动词。句意：应立即采取行动改善环境。分析句子结构可知，设空处是不定式to do，需填入动词原形，作目的状语，根据汉语及首字母提示可知，动词better“改善”符合题意。故填better。
【点睛】
49．carries##arries
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查动词。句意：“外国文化”部分刊登了外国朋友写的关于他们祖国的文化的文章。根据句意，首字母和汉语提示，应填carry“刊登；登载”作谓语，根据句意描述事实用一般现在时，主语“The "Foreign Cultures" section ”是第三人称单数，谓语用第三人称单数，故填carries。
【点睛】
50． broaden their horizons
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词短语。句意：一些人更喜欢外出旅行，因为这可以增长他们的知识，开拓他们的眼界。汉语提示“开拓眼界”，其英文意思为“broaden one’s horizons”, 根据前面的情态动词can和并列连词and可知，此处填入动词原形即可，故填入broaden their horizons。
51．A singing competition was held in celebration of the 70th anniversary of the founding of our school in the school hall last Wednesday, attracting great attention of all the teachers and students.
It was required that every class participate in the competition in the form of chorus and the songs chosen should represent the revolutionary spirits as well. All the classes, immersed in the preparation for the competition, went to great lengths to adapt the music, conduct the stage design and rehearse to the piano accompaniment. Then came the big day, when all the participants impressed the judges and audience with the appropriate costume, amazing team spirit, and splendid power of their show. Class 18 was eventually awarded with the first prize in the finals after fierce competition.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇新闻稿，报道建校70周年学生红歌合唱比赛前期准备工作和比赛情况。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
比赛，竞赛：competition → contest
要求：require → demand
参与：participate in → take part in
合适的：appropriate → proper
2.句式拓展
变化句式
原句：A singing competition was held in celebration of the 70th anniversary of the founding of our school in the school hall last Wednesday, attracting great attention of all the teachers and students.
拓展句：A singing competition was held in celebration of the 70th anniversary of the founding of our school in the school hall last Wednesday, which attracted great attention of all the teachers and students.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] It was required that every class participate in the competition in the form of chorus and the songs chosen should represent the revolutionary spirits as well. (运用了形式主语it和that引导主语从句)
[高分句型2] Then came the big day, when all the participants impressed the judges and audience with the appropriate costume, amazing team spirit, and splendid power of their show. (运用了倒装句型和when引导非限制性定语从句)
52． Actually, I was not sure of what to do or where to go but decided to go to the nearest house for help. I charged away to knock on the door on end. After a while, an athletic man of medium height opened the door. Panicked as I was, I attempted to collect my thoughts, trying to explain the situation in the way as concise as possible. While calming me by patting my shoulder, the man reached over to grab the torch on the shoe cabinet near the door. No sooner had we arrived where the child was trapped than the man started to scan the surroundings. Then he inched toward the hole and stretched out to seize the child’s hands, pulling him out completely. Shortly afterwards, we sent the child to the nearest police station and waited for his parents.
The parents of the child who just arrived from work were totally shocked to hear of what had happened. They were more than grateful and thanked us. With an outpouring of relief, I was also proud of myself, as I had never imagined I would be part of a rescue party and the act of neighborliness could really make such a difference. While the mother and the father were holding the child tightly, I spotted the man beaming at the child with softness gleaming in his eyes. I was absorbed in my wild thought, wondering whether he was also a tender father. All of a sudden, thunder crashed overhead, which brought me back to reality. I walked to the man and tugged his sleeve, whispering, “Thank you.” I would never forget the good feeling of helping someone in need.
【解析】
【分析】
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在回家路上发现有小孩掉进了路上的洞里。作者告诉离他最近的房子房主，他很友好，愿意伸出援助之手。最后他们合力把孩子安全地从水坑里救出，孩子的父母很感谢他们。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我不太确定能做些什么，也不知道要去哪里，但决定去最近的房子寻求帮助。”可知，第一段可描述作者是如何与好心的房主救出孩子并将其送到警察局的。
②由第二段首句内容“刚刚下班到家的孩子父母听到发生的事情很震惊。”可知，第二段可描写孩子们的父母感谢作者和好心房主的善举，以及作者得到的感悟。
2.续写线索：找到好心的房主帮忙——安全救出孩子——孩子的父母表示感谢——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①冲向：charge away/rush to
②努力做：attempt to do/try to do
③慢慢移动：inch/crawl
④抓住：seize/get hold of
⑤紧紧抱住：hold tightly/embrace/firmly
情绪类
①震惊的：shocked/astonished
②感激的：grateful/thankful
【点睛】
【高分句型1】Panicked as I was, I attempted to collect my thoughts, trying to explain the situation in the way as concise as possible.（as引导的让步状语从句）
【高分句型2】No sooner had we arrived where the child was trapped than the man started to scan the surroundings.（No sooner……than……固定句型）
【高分句型3】I was absorbed in my wild thought, wondering whether he was also a tender father.（现在分词作状语）
【高分句型4】All of a sudden, thunder crashed overhead, which brought me back to reality.（which引导的非限制性定语从句）