上海市松江区2021-2022学年高三上学期一模英语试题

这是一份上海市松江区2021-2022学年高三上学期一模英语试题，共24页。试卷主要包含了用单词的适当形式完成短文，选用适当的单词或短语补全短文，完形填空，阅读理解，六选四，概要写作，汉译英，其他应用文等内容，欢迎下载使用。

上海市松江区2021-2022学年高三上学期一模考试英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________


一、用单词的适当形式完成短文
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Three Myths About Skin
We put importance into caring for skin since it’s the first thing other people see. Skin might be one of the least correctly 1． (interpret) parts of our bodies. So today, I’d like to run through three myths we have about skin.
Myth No. 1: Healthy skin is skin that looks perfect. When we talk of healthy skin, we 2． think of a clear and smooth surface. But skin is a living organ, 3． heart or lungs and any other complex organ, serving many functions, not just about what’s going on at the surface.
Myth No. 2: You only need sunscreen on sunny days. UV rays from the sun are so strong that 4． damage our cells’ DNA．There are two types that affect the skin. UVA rays damage protein in skin, quickening the pace of aging. UVB rays, meanwhile, cook the outer layer of the skin, causing sunburn. 5． our cells can repair that damage to some extent, it accumulates over time, and can lead to skin cancer. When our skin 6． (expose) to UV rays, it gets darker, which is the way of showing it’s been damaged. So by wearing sunscreen, even when it’s cloudy, you are protecting yourself from sunburn, early aging and skin cancer.
Myth No. 3: You can shrink pores. Pores are the tiny openings in our skin. They’re 7． let sweat cool you and oil smooth skin. Pore size is largely determined by genes, 8． function is to carry information for particular characteristics, and rarely changes. In other words, pores don’t really shrink. So stop 9． (spend) your money on pore minimizers and just wash your face with the products basically made from stuff that won’t block pores.
Our skin is 10． amazing organ, so let’s treat it right and forget about those myths, OK?


二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．highlighting B．total C．enriched D．urgent
E. relief F. perspective G. ignoring H. altered
I. filling J. separate K. downgraded
Chinese Women Bridging Gap
Zhang Jianli used to employ only male workers on his construction sites throughout Chifeng, Inner Mongolia. Now with large quantities of work but inadequate manpower, Mr. Zhang has 11．his mind. He offers daily wages of roughly 160 yuan for women workers to do such routine work as moving wood and bricks, and up to 200 yuan a day for 12．or complicated jobs.
A labor shortage is pushing employers to hire more women to build high-rises, maintain rail tracks and drive trucks, among other roles. Chinese women are 13． the labor shortage. They are increasingly taking on heavy-labor jobs long dominated by men in construction or transportation, 14． traditional gender roles.
Women’s presence on construction sites has grown a lot. As a consequence, employers have set up 15． living spaces and bathrooms for them. About one-third of the workers on some construction sites in major cities are women, according to estimates by researchers who study China’s labor and gender issues. Just eight years ago, women accounted for just over one-tenth of the 16． , according to a survey of over 6,000 construction workers in nine cities. Over time, the types of jobs performed by women have been 17． —truck driving and machine handling added to their working list.
State media, in recent years, have praised the roles of women working as truck drivers and construction workers, 18．their contribution to the economy. In July, Xinhua News Agency featured Xu Yingying, a kind-hearted woman truck driver, who delivered 19．materials to the virus-stricken Hubei province three times within nine days last year. “Having lived through so much, I feel that the best status of a woman is being self-independent, living to become a beam of light and warming others,” she shared her 20．in the video.


三、完形填空
Health Care Workers Getting Panic Buttons
Hundreds of health care workers at Cox Medical Center in Missouri will soon be equipped with personal panic buttons, following over a year of increased violence against staff members. The pandemic (流行病), the medical center said, has greatly 21 the rise of the number of attacks and the very device comes at the right time to the rescue.
A medical worker, once experiencing an attack, can press the button attached to his working ID card to activate a personal 22 system and warn the security department—an instant pop-up 23 will appear on hospital computers, showing the worker’s exact location.
The panic buttons are being 24 among scores of staff members working in “high-risk areas” of Cox Medical Center. The hospital promises, if there are positive results, to 25 the program to hundreds of employees. And the system is expected to be 26 at the end of the year.
Those buttons are 27 backed by the Skaggs Foundation, a charity in Missouri, which has offered the hospital a big grant. “This project helps maintain our No.1 resource—our health care workers, the number of whom has 28 so much,” Nita Jane Ayres, Chairman of the foundation, said.
Alan Butler, Cox Health’s system director, agreed the buttons were a(n) 29 tool in the battle to keep the staff safe. The entire number of attacks on staff by patients has risen from 40 in 2019 to 123 in 2020, and total injuries rocketed from 17 to 78.
30 , even those numbers scarcely paint the full picture. Angie Smith, the medical center’s patient safety facilitator, said that many workplace violence events went 31 because “staff don’t feel like they will be supported or don’t feel like they will be able to do anything about it.” “The 32 parts of being in health care now are not only being able to give excellent care to your patients”, she said, “but also feeling 33 yourself as their caregiver.”
34 , workplace violence in medical centers deserved our attention even before the pandemic. A survey of thousands of emergency physicians found that nearly half of the participants had undergone attacks while working, and roughly ninety-seven percent of those were 35 by patients.
21．A．covered up B．contributed to C．developed with D．got through
22．A．medical B．emotional C．tracing D．facilitating
23．A．blocker B．menu C．command D．alert
24．A．designed B．tested C．questioned D．stored
25．A．assign B．explain C．hand D．expand
26．A．implemented B．analyzed C．eliminated D．restricted
27．A．conditionally B．financially C．psychologically D．theoretically
28．A．bounced B．advanced C．shrunk D．multiplied
29．A．predictable B．irreplaceable C．tricky D．timely
30．A．However B．Instead C．Hence D．Furthermore
31．A．overestimated B．underreported C．updated D．downloaded
32．A．confusing B．promising C．primary D．risky
33．A．selfless B．grateful C．qualified D．protected
34．A．Actually B．Consequently C．Naturally D．Eventually
35．A．prohibited B．cautioned C．committed D．overlooked


四、阅读理解
We owe our knowledge about the Earth’s geography largely to such explorers as Christopher Columbus and James Cook, who ventured into the seas in search of new lands. Portuguese ship captain Ferdinand Magellan was also such a man, who was the first explorer to sail around the world.
Magellan was interested in the paths Christopher Columbus had taken on his voyages, and after studying the maps of those routes for years, he requested King Manuel in 1513 to allow him to sail to the Spice Islands, but this time he would travel the waters south of South America. He was convinced that the trip would be shorter than if he headed to the southern tip of Africa and then across the Pacific Ocean. Nevertheless, Manuel refused his request. Later on, Magellan applied himself to astronomy ( 天 文 学 ) and navigation for almost two years. In 1517, he took the information gathered from his studies to Charles I of Spain, who agreed to fund his voyage.
In 1519, with 5 ships and 241 men under his command, Magellan sailed across the Atlantic to what is now Rio de Janeiro; he then headed south to find the passage to the Pacific. Luck was not with him, however—he was unable to find that passage before the end of summer, and he adjourned in Puerto San Julian, Argentina, a country in southern South America, where one ship was destroyed, and some of his crew rebelled.
Determined to continue, Magellan managed to restart his voyage in the spring of 1520, but difficulties once again nearly defeated him. The crew went for 98 days without seeing any land, ran out of food, and used up almost all their water. 19 men died before the ships reached Guam, and conflicts with people there prevented them from getting resupplied fully. When they finally reached the Philippines in 1521, Magellan himself was killed in a battle.
Only one ship, with 18 survivors, made it back to Spain in 1522. But the exploration must in one very important respect be considered a success—it paved the way for explorers, merchants, and settlers to sail the Pacific, travelling relatively quickly to new and far-off lands.
36．Magellan believed that the trip would be shorter if he ________.
A．cut through the Spice Islands
B．went across the Pacific Ocean
C．headed directly to the southern tip of Africa
D．traveled the waters south of South America
37．The word “adjourned” in the passage most probably means ________.
A．was held up B．was cheered up C．gave up D．sped up
38．What troubled the team on their way to the Philippines?
A．Not taking along fresh water.
B．Not choosing the right time.
C．Magellan’s unexpected death.
D．Failure to get a full resupply.
39．What is this passage mainly about?
A．Magellan’s lasting and fruitful persuasion of the kings.
B．Magellan’s tough exploration of sailing round the world.
C．Magellan’s significant influences on Earth’s living space.
D．Magellan’s contribution to people’s knowledge of sailing.

Welcome to the Hunter
Take a short break from Sydney’s urban delights and escape to Hunter Valley Wine Country! Just a two-hour drive north of open spaces, fresh country air, super wines and excellent food.
Set around the quiet villages of Pokolbin and Broke, this region is of fertile volcanic soils, backed by the rolling wooded hills of the Brokeback Ranges. It’s a place where the natural Australian landscape has been accompanied by a tradition of cultivating grapes dating back over 190 years. Grapes were first grown in this valley in the 1830s, making the Hunter Australia’s oldest wine-producing area, where you can find varieties of admired wines. The region is also popular for its fine dining and various activities.
Fine Wines
Begin your tour by visiting some wine factories dotted around the village of Pokolbin. Most wine factories are open daily for tastings. You could start at Tyrrell’s Wines, one of the area’s most popular and still family-owned after over 160 years. Taste award-winning wines in its atmospheric underground rooms, among the oldest in Australia.
Eating Well
When it’s time for a change of pace, turn to the Hunter Valley’s fantastic food, including cheeses, bread and vegetables. Dine on praised Modern Australian meals at excellent restaurants such as Roberts at Pepper Tree. If you’re after a light lunch, or just coffee and a snack, try the more casual Café Enzo or The Grill at Rothbury Estate.
Activities & Touring
When it’s time to work off all that food and wine, there are a host of options. Play tennis, or enjoy a round of golf. Hire a bike, or go horse-riding in the hills.
Enjoy a bird’s eye view of this beautiful rural landscape by taking an early morning hot-air balloon trip—or be really adventurous and sample the unforgettable thrill of double skydiving.
40．This passage is mainly intended for ________.
A．hunters all over Australia
B．villagers in Pokolbin and Broke
C．those interested in growing grapes
D．those living in urban areas in Sydney
41．It can be concluded from paragraph 2 that ________.
A．Pokolbin and Broke are located within the Brokeback Ranges
B．traditional ways of growing grapes are adopted in Hunter Valley
C．the locals produce wines in admiration of the region’s popularity
D．the Hunter enjoys the longest history of making wine in Australia
42．Which is recommended in the passage?
A．Having a light lunch at Roberts at Pepper Tree.
B．Riding a horse in the hills to help with digestion.
C．Purchasing wines in old family-owned wine factories.
D．Taking hot-air balloon trips whenever you feel the need.

From Smells to Soundtracks
When a young sawfly, a bee-like insect, is threatened by its attackers like ants, it emits a mixture of unpleasant smells to defend itself. These emissions can seriously annoy a potential enemy.
Scientists wanting to study these smelly compounds—to understand which aspects of them discourage attackers and why—face great challenges. Meetups between sawflies and ants in a lab are difficult to carry out. There are also a very limited quantity of the insects’ emissions. On the side, Jean-Luc Boevé, a zoologist who studies insects, from the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, is an amateur musician and composer. He decided to try a different way—the sound approach. “To be honest, I considered this project so unpractical myself that I set it aside,” he said. It was months before Boevé and his partner, Rudi Giot, finally made a resolution to get started on it.
They chose 16 sawfly species’ emissions to translate into sounds. First, they figured out which molecules (分子) were present in each smelly compound and in what amounts. Then they assigned various characteristics of those molecules matching properties of sound. For example, smaller molecules like a kind of acid found in vinegar, a sour-tasting liquid, evaporate (挥发) quickly, so Boevé and Giot assigned them sounds with higher pitch ( 音 高 ). Larger molecules were given lower-pitched sounds. In all, the scientists created individual audio descriptions for 20 molecules. Then they combined the sounds of each molecule present in a sawfly’s smell to construct the insect’s soundtrack. If a molecule was of higher proportion in an emission, they assigned it a higher volume. In such a case, the smaller a molecule is, the higher its pitch will be; and the higher the proportion of a molecule is, the higher its volume will be.
To test out the audio descriptions they created, Boevé and Giot examined people’s reactions to the soundtracks and compared them to ants’ reactions to the original smells. They played the 16 emission soundtracks and the 20 molecule sounds through speakers to about 50 study participants. Then the scientists measured how far people backed up to get to a “comfortable position” away from the noise. Most of the study volunteers told the researchers that the high pitch, as well as the high volume, was what made them withdraw. “Ants and volunteers moved away from a chemical and its matching soundtrack respectively,” the researchers wrote.
Boevé said he hoped the process would give other zoologists a new way to compare sawflies’ chemical defenses with those from other insects. It may also offer researchers clues about which molecules fight off enemies most.
43．What do we know about Boevé from paragraph 2?
A．He was devoted to the research for several months.
B．He started a new approach after months’ hesitation.
C．He came up with a creative idea thanks to a composer.
D．He was faced with difficulties in studying rare sawflies.
44．What can be concluded in terms of the sound approach?
A．The volume of sounds is based on the proportion of molecules.
B．Smaller molecules and lower pitch share similar characteristics.
C．Audio descriptions of the molecules can be divided into 16 kinds.
D．Participants were required to compare the sounds with the smells.
45．From paragraphs 4 and 5, we can learn that ________.
A．the soundtracks are more than what humans are likely to bear
B．the ants dislike the sounds as much as humans hate the smells
C．humans’ reactions to the sounds resemble ants’ responses to the smells
D．other zoologists are looking for innovative ways of studying molecules
46．This passage is mainly intended to ________.
A．explain ways to transfer smells into soundtracks
B．introduce research on sawfly’s effect on humans
C．demonstrate a scientific study on insects’smells
D．test out people’s reaction to various soundtracks


五、六选四
Age Reversal Technology
Our life spans (时间段) used to be relatively short. 47． Within the next 150 years, this was raised by medical advances. And fast forward to 2020 and global life expectancy is 72.6 years — higher than that in any country in 1950.
As people live longer, population aging becomes a greater economic problem. It has both placed a burden on public health spending and decreased productivity of workforce. And aging is the fundamental driver behind many diseases, such as cancer, heart disease, to name just a few. One expert in population aging at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Halldór Stefánsson, explains that some serious diseases related to aging — that very few people lived long enough to experience in the past — have replaced infectious diseases as the main cause of death. 48．
The amazing news is that age reversal technology will soon be a reality. On the bright side, the process of reversing aging is already possible for cells in scientific experiments. 49． In the foreseeable future, we will be able to enjoy a longer life as well. The goal is to preventively target aging — the major risk factor for a wide variety of diseases and disabilities — instead of treating one disease at a time, which is very costly. One future model projected an increase in NHS expense of £42 million year-on-year until 2031 due to the aging population.
50．That means the technology will restore our vitality and bodily function by removing the damage inevitably caused by the processes of life.
A.And science has moved on to extend life spans of some animals, though not yet of humans.
B.Human aging timeline is also driven by other factors.
C.In the 1800s, life expectancy across the world was less than 40 years of age.
D.So, the question on all our mind is — can science stop aging?
E.Initially restricted to developed countries, population aging has also become a trend in the developing world.
F.Age reversal technology will also increase health span — the length of time during which one is healthy.


六、概要写作
51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Soft Skills—Soft or Not?
Rapidly advancing technology and its impact on education have been a subject of much debate. How can schools equip students with the skills to succeed in a changing job market? Since technology is driving many social changes, there is an opinion that governments should keep focusing on STEM subjects. These are often referred to as “hard skills”, which are prioritized in primary schools and right through to university level.
However, research from Harvard University on the global job market has shown that STEM-related careers grew strongly between 1989 and 2000 but have slowed ever since. In contrast, jobs in the creative industries, which are probably most associated with the need for soft skills, are growing rapidly. A study by Deloitte Access Economics predicts that “soft skill-intensive occupations will account for two-thirds of all jobs by 2030”.
With the rapid evolution of technology, a focus on hard skills leaves people delicate when facing change, as these skills often have a limited shelf life. According to a survey, more than one in four adults reported a mismatch between their skills and those needed for their job role. Fortunately, soft skills can solve the problem, enabling people to adapt to change more easily in their chosen field. Additionally, interpersonal interactions in the modern workplace require some level of soft skills. At a company they might be negotiating to win a new contract or networking for a new job. People use soft skills every day at work and developing them will help things in the job go smoothly.
Many universities have begun to emphasize soft skills such as critical thinking alongside hard skills. But the issue goes much deeper. Soft skills need to be handled across the entire education system so that by the time students reach university level, they are already armed with the qualities needed to further develop these skills.
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七、汉译英（整句）
52．天好了，赶紧去把宿舍里的床单洗了吧！(It) （汉译英）
53．国庆节期间，各大商场卯足了劲吸引消费者。(make) （汉译英）
54．表姐的成长经历让我明白艺术创作离不开用心观察。(related) （汉译英）
55．这位冠军谦虚地说，她和其他运动员一样接受了严格的训练，让她技高一筹的也许是她的数学知识。(as) （汉译英）

八、其他应用文
56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
你是明启中学的李华。你的英国笔友安娜希望了解在校期间你是如何安排午休(lunch break)的。请你给她写一封邮件，邮件的内容须包括：
1）你在校期间的午休安排；
2）你做出上述安排的理由。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案
1．interpreted
2．might /may /will
3．like
4．they
5．While /Although /Though
6．is exposed
7．what
8．whose
9．spending
10．an
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于皮肤的三个误区。
1．
考查非谓语动词。句意：皮肤可能是我们身体中解释得最不正确的部位之一。分析句子结构，此处修饰后面名词parts，用动词的过去分词修饰做前置定语，interpreted符合题意。故填interpreted。
2．
考查情态动词。句意：健康的皮肤是看起来完美的皮肤。当我们谈到健康的皮肤时，我们可能会想到一个干净光滑的表面。根据语境，此处表达“可能、也许或将”，用情态动词加动词原形。might / may / will符合题意。故填might / may / will。
3．
考查介词。句意：但是皮肤是一个活的器官，就像心脏、肺和任何其他复杂的器官一样，具有许多功能，而不仅仅是表面上的功能。根据后面接名词heart or lungs and any other complex organ，此处表示“像……”，用于列举，用介词like。故填like。
4．
考查代词。句意：来自太阳的紫外线非常强，它们会破坏我们细胞的DNA。有两种类型会影响皮肤。根据句意和结构，此处缺主语，指代前文提及UV rays，用代词they。故填they。
5．
考查让步性状语从句。句意：尽管我们的细胞可以在一定程度上修复这种损伤，但它会随着时间的推移而积累，并可能导致皮肤癌。分析句子结构，此处为从句，结合句意，可知此句为让步性状语从句，While / Although / Though“尽管…但是…”，符合题意。故填While / Although / Though。
6．
考查动词。句意：当我们的皮肤暴露在紫外线下时，它会变得更黑，这是表明它受到了损害的一种方式。be exposed to暴露，接触，固定搭配，主语为our skin，谓语动词用单数形式，时态为一般现在时。is exposed符合题意。故填is exposed。
7．
考查表语从句。句意：它们能让汗水让你凉快，润滑皮肤。分析句子结构，此句为表语从句，从句let sweat cool you and oil smooth skin缺主语，且指代事物，用连接代词what引导。故填what。
8．
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：孔隙大小主要由基因决定，基因的功能是携带特定特征的信息，很少发生变化。分析句子结构，此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是genes，从句缺少修饰function的定语，用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
9．
考查非谓语动词。句意：所以，不要再花钱买毛孔缩小剂了，只要用基本上不会堵塞毛孔的产品洗脸就行了。stop doing sth.停止做某事，spending花费，动名词作宾语，符合题意。故填spending。
10．
考查冠词。句意：我们的皮肤是一个神奇的器官，所以让我们正确对待它，忘掉那些神话，好吗？根据句意，此处表示“一个神奇的器官”，用不定冠词，且amazing的发音是元音音素开头，故填an。

11．H
12．D
13．I
14．G
15．J
16．B
17．C
18．A
19．E
20．F
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述的是随着时间的推移，妇女从事的工作种类越来越丰富，国有媒体赞扬了卡车司机和建筑工人中的女性角色，突出了她们对经济的贡献；中国的妇女正在弥合工作中的性别差距。
11．
考查谓语动词。句意：现在有大量的工作，但人手不足，张先生改变了主意。alter改变。alter one’s mind改变某人的主意。设空处在句中作谓语，结合空前助动词has，可知句子的时态为现在完成时。故选H。
12．
考查形容词。句意：他为女工提供每天大约160元的工资，让她们做搬运木头和砖块等日常工作，而紧急或复杂工作的工资则高达每天200元。urgent紧急的；设空处后为名词，设空处应为形容词修饰名词。故选D。
13．
考查谓语动词。句意：中国妇女正在填补劳动力短缺。fill填充；设空处在句中作谓语，根据are以及结合句意，可知句子的时态为现在进行时。故选I。
14．
考查非谓语动词。句意：她们越来越多地在建筑或交通行业从事长期以来由男性主导的重体力劳动，忽视了传统的性别角色。ignore忽视；设空处在句中作非谓语，和句子的逻辑主语they之间是逻辑主动关系。故选G。
15．
考查形容词。句意：建筑工地上的女性越来越多。因此，雇主们为他们设置了独立的生活空间和浴室。separate 独立的；设空处后为名词，设空处应为形容词修饰名词，结合句意。故选J。
16．
考查名词。句意：中国的劳动和性别问题。根据对九座城市6000多名建筑工人的调查，八年前，女性仅占总数的十分之一多一点。total总数；结合句意，此处是指女性仅占总数的十分之一多一点。故选B。
17．
考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意：随着时间的推移，妇女从事的工作种类越来越丰富——驾驶卡车和操作机器也加入了她们的工作名单。enrich丰富；设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语the types of jobs之间是被动关系。结合空前助动词have been,可知设空处为现在完成时的被动语态。故选C。
18．
考查非谓语动词。句意：近年来，国有媒体赞扬了卡车司机和建筑工人中的女性角色，突出了她们对经济的贡献。highlight强调、突出；设空出在句中作非谓语，和句子的逻辑主语state media之间是逻辑主动关系，结合句意。故选A。
19．
考查形容词。句意：今年7月，新华社报道了善良的卡车女司机徐莹莹，她在去年9天内三次向疫情严重的湖北省运送救援物资。Relief（暂时的）缓解物；结合句意，此处是指救援物资，应用relief materials。故选E。
20．
考查名词。句意：她在视频中分享了自己的观点，我觉得一个女人最好的状态就是独立自主，活成一束光，温暖他人。perspective观点；设空处前为形容词性的物主代词，设空处应为名词。结合“a woman is being self-independent, living to become a beam of light and warming others,”（一个女人就是自强自立，活到成为一束温暖别人的光）是她的观点。故选F。

21．B
22．C
23．D
24．B
25．D
26．A
27．B
28．C
29．D
30．A
31．B
32．C
33．D
34．A
35．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了密苏里州考克斯医疗中心(Cox Medical Center)的数百名医护人员很快将配备个人应急按钮，以应对针对医护人员的暴力事件。
21．
考查短语词义辨析。句意：医疗中心说，流行病极大地促成攻击数量的上升，而这个装置恰好在救援的时候出现了。 A.covered up 掩盖；B.contributed to 有助于、促成；C.developed with 发展；D.got through 通过、完成、接通电话。根据下文“the rise of the number of attacks”可知，流行病应该是促成了袭击事件的发生。故选B。
22．
考查形容词和动名词词义辨析。句意：医务人员一旦受到攻击，可以按下工作身份证上的按钮，激活个人追踪系统。A.medical 医学的；B.emotional 情感的；C.tracing 追踪D.facilitating 促进。根据下文“showing the worker’s exact location”可知，空格处说的是追踪系统。故选C。
23．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：并警告安全部门——医院电脑上会出现一个即时弹出的警报，显示工作人员的确切位置。A.blocker 阻挡者、阻塞物；B.menu 菜单；C.command 命令、指挥； D.alert 警报、警示。根据下文“will appear on hospital computers, showing the worker’s exact location.”可知，电脑上应该是出现警报从而能定位员工的具体位置。故选D。
24．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：紧急按钮正在考克斯医疗中心“高风险区域”工作的数十名工作人员中进行测试。A.designed 设计；B.tested 测试；C.questioned 怀疑；D.stored 储存。根据下文“ if there are positive results”说到了如果有积极结果，可知，这是一项测试。故选B。
25．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：医院承诺，如果有积极的结果，将把这个项目扩大到数百名员工 。A.assign 分派、分配；B.explain 解释；C.hand 传递；D.expand 扩展、扩大。根据下文“the program to hundreds of employees”可知，要扩大到数百名员工。故选D。
26．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：该系统预计将于今年年底实施。A.implemented 实施、执行；B.analyzed 分析；C.eliminated 消除、排除；D.restricted 限制。根据上文的“And the system is expected to be”可知，这项系统将要实施。故选A。
27．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这些按钮是由密苏里州的慈善机构Skaggs基金会资助的，该基金会向这家医院提供了一大笔赠款。A.conditionally 附有条件地；B.financially 财政上、金融上；C.psychologically 心理上地；D.theoretically 理论地。根据下文“which has offered the hospital a big grant.”可知，这个基金会给了一个大的金融方面的资助。故选B。
28．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个项目有助于维护我们的头号资源——我们的医护人员，他们的数量已经减少了很多。A.bounced 反弹；B.advanced 行进、发展；C.shrunk 收缩；D.multiplied 乘、增加。根据上文“This project helps maintain our No.1 resource”可知，这个项目起了保护作用，因为医护人的数量已经减少了。故选C。
29．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：考克斯健康公司的系统主管艾伦·巴特勒同意按钮在保护员工安全的战斗中是一个及时的工具。A.predictable 可预测的；B.irreplaceable 不可替代的；C.tricky 棘手的、狡猾的；D.timely 及时的。根据下文“in the battle to keep the staff safe.”可知，这是一个“及时”的工具。故选D。
30．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，即使是这些数字也很难描绘出全貌。A.However 然而； B.Instead 代替、反而；C.Hence 因此；D.Furthermore 此外、而且。根据下文“even those numbers scarcely paint the full picture.”可知，是转折关系，故选A。
31．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该医疗中心的患者安全协调员安吉·史密斯说，很多工作场所的暴力事件被低估了，因为“员工觉得他们不会得到支持，或者觉得自己对此无能为力。” A.overestimated 估计过高的；B.underreported估计过低的； C.updated 更新的；D.downloaded 下载的。根据下文“because “staff don’t feel like they will be supported or don’t feel like they will be able to do anything about it.””可知，员工感觉不会得到支持，所以很多袭击事件被低估了。故选B。
32．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说:“现在医疗保健的主要部分不仅是能够为你的病人提供出色的护理，而且作为他们的护理者感到自己受到了保护。”A.confusing 令人迷惑的；B.promising 有前途的；C.primary 主要的；D.risky 有风险的。根据下文的“not only being able to give excellent care to your patients ”可知，不仅仅能够提供好的护理，所以用“主要的”这个词更符合语境。故选C。
33．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说:“现在医疗保健的主要部分不仅是能够为你的病人提供出色的护理，而且作为他们的护理者感到自己受到了保护。”A.selfless 无私的 B.grateful 感激的；C.qualified 有资格的；D.protected 受保护的。根据上文“not only being able to give excellent care to your patients”可知，不但是提到护理，而且感到受保护，更符合语境。故选D。
34．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，在流行病之前，医疗中心的工作场所暴力就值得我们关注。A.Actually 事实上；B.Consequently 因此、结果；C.Naturally 自然地；D.Eventually 最终。根据下文“workplace violence in medical centers deserved our attention even before the pandemic”可知，说的是事实，所以用“事实上”符合语境。故选A。
35．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一项针对数千名急诊医生的调查发现，近一半的参与者在工作时遭受过攻击，其中大约97%是由病人造成的。A.prohibited 禁止；B.cautioned 警告； C.committed做出(错或非法的事) ；D.overlooked 忽略。根据上文“A survey of thousands of emergency physicians found that nearly half of the participants had undergone attacks while working, ”可知，医务人员工作时遭遇过攻击，所以大约97%是由病人造成的。故选C。

36．D
37．A
38．D
39．B
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是麦哲伦艰难的环球航行探险。
36．
细节理解题。根据第二段的“but this time he would travel the waters south of South America. He was convinced that the trip would be shorter than if he headed to the southern tip of Africa and then across the Pacific Ocean.（但这一次他将航行到南美洲南部的水域。他确信，如果他先去非洲南端，然后穿越太平洋，这段旅程将会更短。 ）”可知，麦哲伦认为，如果他从南美洲以南的水域出发，航程会短一些，故选D。
37．
词句猜测题。根据第三段的“in Puerto San Julian, Argentina, a country in southern South America, where one ship was destroyed, and some of his crew rebelled.（这是南美洲南部的一个国家，在那里有一艘船被毁，他的一些船员发起了叛乱。）”可知，他是在那里滞留了，因此adjourned的意思 是“被滞留”，即was held up，故选A。
38．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The crew went for 98 days without seeing any land, ran out of food, and used up almost all their water. 19 men died before the ships reached Guam, and conflicts with people there prevented them from getting resupplied fully.（船员们98天没有看到任何陆地，耗尽了食物，耗尽了几乎所有的水。在军舰抵达关岛之前，有19人死亡，与那里的人发生冲突，使他们无法得到充分的补给。）”可知，在去菲律宾的路上困扰他们的是没有得到足够的补给。故选D。
39．
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Portuguese ship captain Ferdinand Magellan was also such a man, who was the first explorer to sail around the world.（葡萄牙船长费迪南德·麦哲伦也是这样一个人，他是第一个航海环游世界的探险家。）”及最后一段的“Only one ship, with 18 survivors, made it back to Spain in 1522.（1522年，只有一艘船带着18名幸存者回到了西班牙。）”可知，本文主要讲的是麦哲伦艰难的环球航行探险。故选B。

40．D
41．D
42．B
【分析】
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了猎人谷美味的葡萄酒、好吃的美食以及有趣的活动和旅游。
40．
推理判断题。根据第一段“Take a short break from Sydney’s urban delights and escape to Hunter Valley Wine Country!”（从悉尼的城市享受到短暂的休息，逃离到猎人谷葡萄酒乡!）说明这篇文章主要是写给那些生活在悉尼城市地区的人的。故选D项。
41．
细节理解题。根据第二段“Grapes were first grown in this valley in the 1830s, making the Hunter Australia’s oldest wine-producing area, where you can find varieties of admired wines.”（19世纪30年代，猎人谷首次种植葡萄，成为澳大利亚最古老的葡萄酒产区，在这里你可以找到各种各样令人赞叹的葡萄酒。）说明猎人谷在澳大利亚享有最悠久的酿酒历史。故选D项。
42．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“When it’s time to work off all that food and wine, there are a host of options. Play tennis, or enjoy a round of golf. Hire a bike, or go horse-riding in the hills. ”（当你要消耗掉所有的食物和酒的时候，有很多选择。打网球，或者打高尔夫球。租一辆自行车，或者去山上骑马。）说明文章中建议在山上骑马来帮助消化。故选B项。

43．B
44．A
45．C
46．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对昆虫气味的科学研究。
43．
细节理解题。根据第二段““To be honest, I considered this project so unpractical myself that I set it aside,” he said. It was months before Boevé and his partner, Rudi Giot, finally made a resolution to get started on it. ”(“说实话，我自己认为这个项目太不切实际了，所以我把它搁置了，”他说。几个月后，Boevé和他的搭档鲁迪·乔特(Rudi Giot)终于下定决心开始这项工作。)说明犹豫了几个月后，他开始采用新的方法。故选B项。
44．
细节理解题。根据第三段“If a molecule was of higher proportion in an emission, they assigned it a higher volume.”（如果一个分子在任务中所占比例更高，他们就会给它分配更高的音量。）说明声音的大小取决于分子的比例。故选A项。
45．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Most of the study volunteers told the researchers that the high pitch, as well as the high volume, was what made them withdraw. “Ants and volunteers moved away from a chemical and its matching soundtrack respectively,” the researchers wrote. ”（大多数参与研究的志愿者告诉研究人员，高音和高音量是他们退缩的原因。研究人员写道:“蚂蚁和志愿者分别远离了一种化学物质及其匹配的音乐。”）说明人类对声音的反应类似于蚂蚁对气味的反应。故选C项。
46．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Boevé said he hoped the process would give other zoologists a new way to compare sawflies’ chemical defenses with those from other insects. It may also offer researchers clues about which molecules fight off enemies most.”（Boevé说，他希望这一过程能给其他动物学家提供一种新的方法来比较锯叶蜂与其他昆虫的化学防御能力。它还可能为研究人员提供线索，说明哪些分子最能击退敌人。）结合标题“From Smells to Soundtracks”，说明这篇文章主要是为了演示对昆虫气味的科学研究。故选C项。

47．C
48．D
49．A
50．F
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了随着人们寿命的延长，人口老龄化成为一个更大的经济问题。它既给公共卫生支出带来负担，又降低了劳动力的生产力。衰老是许多疾病背后的根本驱动因素，如癌症、心脏病等。年龄逆转技术将增加健康跨度，延长健康的时间长度。
47．
由上文“Our life spans (时间段) used to be relatively short.（我们的寿命曾经是相对较短）”说明接下来是举例证明这一观点，C. In the 1800s, life expectancy across the world was less than 40 years of age.（在19世纪，世界各地的预期寿命不到40岁），符合语境。故选C项。
48．
由上文“One expert in population aging at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Halldór Stefánsson, explains that some serious diseases related to aging — that very few people lived long enough to experience in the past — have replaced infectious diseases as the main cause of death.（欧洲分子生物学实验室(Halldór Stefánsson)的一位人口老龄化专家解释说，一些与老龄化有关的严重疾病已经取代传染病成为死亡的主要原因——过去很少有人活得足够长）”以及下段首句“The amazing news is that age reversal technology will soon be a reality.（令人惊讶的消息是，年龄逆转技术将很快成为现实）”可知此处应该是提出疑问，所以，我们脑子里的问题是：科学能阻止衰老吗? 符合题意。故选D项。
49．
由下文“In the foreseeable future, we will be able to enjoy a longer life as well.（在可预见的未来，我们也将能够享受更长的寿命）”中as well可知，设空句中应提到有谁已经能够享受更长的寿命，A .And science has moved on to extend life spans of some animals, though not yet of humans.（科学已经在延长一些动物的寿命，但还没有延长人类的寿命）中讲到科学已经延长了一些动物的寿命，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。
50．
由下文“That means the technology will restore our vitality and bodily function by removing the damage inevitably caused by the processes of life.（这意味着这项技术将恢复我们的活力和身体机能，消除生活过程中不可避免造成的损害）”说明此处应该介绍Age reversal technology的好处，F. Age reversal technology will also increase health span—the length of time during which one is healthy.（年龄逆转技术也将增加健康跨度——一个人健康的时间长度）符合题意。故选F项。
51．One possible version:
Educational institutions tended to attach greater importance to hard skills, but jobs requiring soft skills are in greater demand these years. They can equip students with adaptability and promote effective interactions in the future job. It is advisable that soft skills should be emphasized all through the entire education system.
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了，教育机构过去倾向于更重视硬技能，但需要软技能的工作近年来需求更大。它们可以使学生具备适应能力，并促进在未来的工作中有效的互动，所以在整个教育系统中都应该强调软技能是可取的。
【详解】
1 要点摘录①These are often referred to as “hard skills”, which are prioritized in primary schools and right through to university level.
②In contrast, jobs in the creative industries, which are probably most associated with the need for soft skills, are growing rapidly.
③Fortunately, soft skills can solve the problem, enabling people to adapt to change more easily in their chosen field. Additionally, interpersonal interactions in the modern workplace require some level of soft skills.
④Soft skills need to be handled across the entire education system so that by the time students reach university level, they are already armed with the qualities needed to further develop these skills.
2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3个要点单独概括，将第4个要点单独概括。
3.遣词造句Educational institutions tended to attach greater importance to hard skills, but jobs requiring soft skills are in greater demand these years.
They can equip students with adaptability and promote effective interactions in the future job.
It is advisable that soft skills should be emphasized all through the school years.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Educational institutions tended to attach greater importance to hard skills, but jobs requiring soft skills are in greater demand these years.运用but连接两个简单句对第一段和第二段进行整合，高度概括，其中非谓语动词现在分词短语requiring soft skills作后置定语，表达高级。
[高分句型2]It is advisable that soft skills should be emphasized all through the entire education system.运用了that引导的主语从句和it作形式主语，表达高级。
52．It is sunny / fine / It clears up. Let’s go and wash the sheets in the dormitory right away.
【详解】
考查句子结构、代词it等。表示“天好了”，本句描述现在状况，用一般现在时，可表达为it is sunny或it is fine或 it clears up，it指天气；表示“赶紧把宿舍里的床单洗了吧！”可用Let’s开头的祈使句表达建议，表达为Let’s go and wash the sheets in the dormitory right away，go and wash the sheets“去洗床单”为动词短语，in the dormitory为地点状语，right now为时间状语。句首字母大写，故翻译为It is sunny / fine / It clears up. Let’s go and wash the sheets in the dormitory right away.
53．During the National Day holiday, all the shopping malls / centers make / made every effort to attract customers.
【详解】
考查短语、动词和名词。表示“国庆节期间”短语为During the National Day holiday，作时间状语；表示“各大商场”短语为all the shopping malls / centers，表示“卯足了劲”应用动词短语make / made every effort； 表示“吸引消费者”短语为to attract customers，不定式to作目的状语。故翻译为During the National Day holiday, all the shopping malls / centers make / made every effort to attract customers.
54．My cousin’s growing experience / growth has told me that / tells me that / has helped me understand that / helps me understand that artistic creation / creation of art is closely related to careful observation.
【详解】
考查动词时态，非谓语动词和短语。根据句意可知，用一般现在时或者现在完成时，含有宾语从句。主语My cousin's growing experience“我的表姐的成长经历”，或者仅有growth表示“成长”，是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数，谓语动词用tell sb.sth.或者用help sb. to understand，表示“让我明白”，宾语从句“艺术创作离不开用心观察”，句意完整，成分齐全，用连接词that引导宾语从句，从句主语artistic creation of art“艺术创作”，结合提示词related，谓语用be closely related to“与……有密切关系”，表达“离不开”，宾语careful observation“用心观察”。故译为My cousin’s growing experience / growth has told me that / tells me that / has helped me understand that / helps me understand that artistic creation / creation of art is closely related to careful observation.
55．The champion said modestly that she had received (the same) hard training as other athletes had / she received (the same) strict training as other athletes did, and what made her outstanding / stand out / more skillful might be her knowledge of maths.
【详解】
考查时态、名词性从句、定语从句、动词短语和副词。表示“这位冠军谦虚地说”用“The champion said modestly”，句子陈述的是过去的事，用一般过去时，“modestly”意为“谦虚地”，后接“that”引导的宾语从句，从句用过去完成时，表示“她和其他运动员一样接受了严格的训练”用“she had received (the same) hard training as other athletes had”，为“as”引导的限制性定语从句，“the same”可省略，或用“she received (the same) strict training as other athletes did”，为一般过去时，表示“让她技高一筹的也许是她的数学知识”用“what made her outstanding / stand out / more skillful might be her knowledge of maths”，为“what”引导的主语从句，用一般过去时，“stand out”意为“脱颖而出”，与上句用连词“and”连接，句首单词首字母大写。故翻译为The champion said modestly that she had received (the same) hard training as other athletes had / she received (the same) strict training as other athletes did, and what made her outstanding / stand out / more skillful might be her knowledge of maths.
56．Dear Anna,
I am glad to know that you’re interested in my lunch break. So I’m delighted to share the arrangement with you.
First of all, I am used to taking a nap after lunch. On average I sleep 50 minutes. I believe that taking a nap is good for our health as well as for our study. Because we can regain our energy after a nap. So I propose that all the students take a nap. Secondly, I will spend 20 minutes learning English, which is the only international standard language. China has developed rapidly in recent years. Due to the development of our society, there are more and more foreigners in China. Therefore, it is so necessary for our ordinary people to understand English. Otherwise, how can we get along well with them? How can we make our life much more colorful? After all, we have to pass the exams.
In short, this is my opinions. I’ll be grateful if you can communicate with me.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友安娜写信，说明自己在校期间是如何安排午休的。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
因为：because of→due to
因此：hence→therefore
想法：idea→opinion
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：After all, we have to pass the exams.
拓展句After all, we have to pass the exams, which I think is very important to us.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】So I propose that all the students have a snap. (propose“建议”后接的宾语从句中运用了虚拟语气)
【高分句型2】Secondly, I will spend 20 minutes learning English, which is the only international standard language. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)